GEM and the UW Silage Breeding Project J.G. Coors D. Majee D.T. Eilert P.J. Flannery Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin with acknowledgements to: J.G. Lauer UW Department of Agronomy R.D. Shaver UW Department of Dairy Science Outline 1. Silage quality – what is it? 2. UW silage breeding system 3. GEM contributions – silage germplasm 4. GEM contributions – starch degradability 5. Summary Dry Matter Protein Bound Undegradable protein Carbohydrate Degradable protein Sugars & starch Cell wall Unavailable starch Sugar and Starch Bugs Bound with Lignin Fiber Bugs Digestible energy & protein Absorbed Maintenance Growth Pregnancy Metabolizable energy & protein Lactation Milk2000 Milk 2000 University of Wisconsin Corn Silage Evaluation System - Milk 2000 Required Input Calculated Values Non-Ensiled Corn Silage Variety Evaluation - Schwab/Shaver CSES Authors: Randy Shaver, Dept. of Dairy Science Joe Lauer, Dept. of Agronomy Eric Schwab, Dept. of Dairy Science Jim Coors, Patrick Hoffman, Dept. of Dairy Science Analysis Form Input Method Dept. of Agromomy Lab Lab or NIR Lab or NIR Lab or NIR Lab or NIR Lab or Book Value Lab or Book Value Field Measure Calculated Calculated Schw ab Shaver Kernal NDF Processed Digestibility y = yes DM, % of CP, % of NDF, % of 48h IV, % of Starch, % Ash, % of Fat, % of Yield Sam ple Id n = no as fed DM DM NDF of DM DM DM tons/acre Milk per Ton lbs/ton Milk per Acre lbs/acre Example Example 2872.65 3080.43 20108.56 21563.02 n y 40.0 40.0 8.0 8.0 44.0 44.0 50.0 50.0 30.0 30.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 2.5 7.0 7.0 Starch digestibility (%) Predicted Starch Digestibility 95 Processed 90 85 80 Unprocessed 75 70 65 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Whole plant DM (%) Adapted from Schwab and Shaver, unpublished. Based on data of Bal et al., 2000; Dhiman et al., 2000; Rojas-Bourrillon et al., 1987 44 46 48 GEM Contributions – Silage Germplasm Phase I Silage evaluation of elite GEM topcrosses (~15-25) that were identified in prior years by other GEM cooperators as having high grain yield and suitable maturity for Wisconsin (<120RM). Phase 2 For those topcrosses with high forage yield and good nutritional quality in Phase 1 trials, the respective GEM breeding population is included in the UW inbred development nursery for further inbreeding and selection Phase 3 Inbred development – testcrosses at S2 to S6 generations using two to four inbred testers 2004 UW GEM Program Phase I 17 breeding populations or early generation GEM inbred families crossed to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, or LH287 were evaluated for silage potential (GEMNEW). Phase 2 Gem inbreeding nursery included ~400 inbred families from 10 breeding populations. Most inbred families (~170) were derived from CUBA164 background. Phase 3 160 advanced generation inbreds from six populations were crossed to two testers each for evaluation in 2005. Evaluated ~50 S3+ families topcrosses to two testers (GEM198, GEM244). 27 promising S4+ families evaluated in topcrossed to two to four testers each (GEMADV). Forage yield for GEMNEW trial in 2004 Entries marked with “*” will be analyzed for nutritional quality Entry FS8B(S):S0316-1086-1-B-B X LH185 DK370A:S11 F2S4 2250-02 X LH283 CUBA164:S2012-966-1 X LH185 AR03056:N09-375-1-B-B X LH200 AR03056:N09-68-1-B-B X LH200 AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B X LH198 AR17056:N2025-508-1-B-B X LH198 FS8B(T):N11a-322-1 X LH198 FS8B(T):N11a-87-1 X LH198 FS8B(T):N11a-110-1 X LH198 FS8B(T):N11a-86-1 X LH198 DK212T:S11 F2S4 2111-01 X LH185 AR17056:N2035-421-1 X LH244 FS8B_S:S17b-104-1 X LH287 FS8B_S:S17b-060-1 X LH287 FS8B_S:S17b-008-1 X LH287 FS8B_S:S17b-013-2 X LH287 Madison Dry matter Yield % t/a 36.9 10.43 33.0 10.59 39.3 10.55 31.8 10.68 32.2 12.13 35.7 10.72 34.1 11.72 36.4 11.86 36.7 11.62 35.0 10.59 34.5 11.32 35.5 11.69 33.2 11.73 33.4 10.48 36.4 10.84 34.2 10.06 33.5 8.38 Arlington Dry matter Yield % t/a 39.8 6.57 36.8 6.69 43.4 6.76 36.2 6.98 32.3 7.18 35.5 6.55 37.1 7.97 38.7 7.55 35.1 6.86 37.6 7.22 36.9 7.60 39.7 7.35 36.0 8.75 37.7 6.55 39.8 6.98 36.8 6.68 41.2 6.76 Mean Dry matter Yield % t/a 38.4 8.50 34.9 8.64 41.4 8.66 34.0 8.83 32.3 9.66 35.6 8.64 35.6 9.85 37.6 9.71 35.9 9.24 36.3 8.91 35.7 9.46 37.6 9.52 34.6 10.24 35.6 8.52 38.1 8.91 35.5 8.37 37.4 7.57 Quality evaluation * * * * * * * PSS1 X WQSC2 PSS2 X WQSC2 LH198 X WQSC2 HC33 X WQSC2 43.5 38.1 39.5 37.6 9.58 10.51 10.39 9.24 46.8 38.7 36.9 37.7 6.98 7.49 7.16 6.78 45.2 38.4 38.2 37.7 8.28 9.00 8.78 8.01 * * * * X0626 W7563 37.3 35.7 12.12 12.17 44.1 40.4 7.98 8.46 40.7 38.1 10.05 10.32 * * LH244 X LH287 LH198 X LH279 HC33 X LH287 LH227 X LH279 N48V8 lfy P34B23 36.0 38.3 36.3 47.6 38.9 41.9 11.08 10.33 11.59 11.16 11.93 12.83 38.6 39.9 42.4 46.9 43.3 42.4 7.96 8.27 7.91 8.30 7.07 8.42 37.3 39.1 39.4 47.3 41.1 42.2 9.52 9.30 9.75 9.73 9.50 10.63 * * * * * * Mean CV (%) LSD (0.05) 36.6 4.2 2.5 10.98 7.0 1.25 39.3 4.5 2.9 7.37 6.8 0.82 38.0 4.5 3.5 9.17 6.2 1.16 Mean of all GEM topcrosses Mean of 19 entries for quality evaluation Mean of checks (6) 34.8 37.5 39.8 10.91 11.32 11.49 37.7 39.7 42.3 7.12 7.69 7.99 36.2 38.6 41.0 9.01 9.50 9.74 2004 UW GEM Program Phase I 17 breeding populations or early generation GEM inbred families crossed to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, or LH287 were evaluated for silage potential (GEMNEW). Phase 2 Gem inbreeding nursery included ~400 inbred families from 10 breeding populations. Most inbred families (~170) were derived from CUBA164 background. Phase 3 160 advanced generation inbreds from six populations were crossed to two testers each for evaluation in 2005. Evaluated ~50 S3+ families topcrosses to two testers (GEM198, GEM244). 27 promising S4+ families evaluated in topcrossed to two to four testers each (GEMADV). 2004 UW GEM Program Phase I 17 breeding populations or early generation GEM inbred families crossed to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, or LH287 were evaluated for silage potential (GEMNEW). Phase 2 Gem inbreeding nursery included ~400 inbred families from 10 breeding populations. Most inbred families (~170) were derived from CUBA164 background. Phase 3 160 advanced generation inbreds from six populations were crossed to two testers each for evaluation in 2005. Evaluated ~50 S3+ families topcrosses to two testers (GEM198, GEM244). 27 promising S4+ families evaluated in topcrosses to two or four testers each (GEMADV). Forage yield for GEM198 and GEM244 trials in 2004 Inbred family CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-2 CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-8 CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-10 CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-22 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-1 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-2 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-3 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-4 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-6 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-7 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-8 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-9 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-10 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-11 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-12 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-14 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-15 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-16 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-17 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-18 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-19 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-20 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-21 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-22 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-23 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-24 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-25 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-26 DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-27 LH198 Dry matter Yield % t/a 33.7 8.76 34.7 9.02 34.1 9.37 35.2 9.40 32.9 9.43 34.5 8.82 33.9 10.28 35.0 10.24 32.7 9.95 33.4 9.82 34.0 10.50 33.9 9.38 34.8 9.15 34.2 9.46 34.7 9.71 34.1 9.64 33.7 9.85 35.0 10.03 34.7 9.45 34.6 9.14 35.8 8.99 32.6 9.08 33.0 9.96 34.4 10.09 34.9 9.27 34.1 9.98 35.0 9.89 33.6 9.55 35.4 9.40 LH244 Dry matter Yield % t/a 34.1 10.20 33.8 9.42 33.7 8.65 35.9 9.56 32.9 9.91 33.4 9.86 32.3 9.92 35.0 10.62 33.0 10.36 32.2 9.07 33.8 9.96 32.7 9.63 32.4 9.38 35.1 10.37 34.2 10.49 32.6 9.73 34.0 10.49 33.3 9.73 33.1 9.59 35.0 9.45 35.4 10.10 32.2 9.42 33.2 9.85 34.1 9.77 34.3 9.87 31.6 8.94 33.3 10.26 33.2 9.49 33.0 9.26 Mean Dry matter Yield % t/a 33.9 9.48 34.2 9.22 33.9 9.01 35.5 9.48 32.9 9.67 34.0 9.34 33.1 10.10 35.0 10.43 32.8 10.15 32.8 9.44 33.9 10.23 33.3 9.50 33.6 9.27 34.6 9.91 34.5 10.10 33.3 9.68 33.8 10.17 34.1 9.88 33.9 9.52 34.8 9.29 35.6 9.55 32.4 9.25 33.1 9.91 34.2 9.93 34.6 9.57 32.8 9.46 34.2 10.07 33.4 9.52 34.2 9.33 F697 (bm3) N48V8 (leafy) P34B23 LH198 X LH185 32.6 40.3 39.8 38.9 7.92 9.98 9.33 9.07 32.7 39.4 39.3 36.7 7.67 9.96 9.38 9.36 32.7 39.8 39.5 37.8 7.79 9.97 9.35 9.21 Mean CV (%) LSD (0.05) 34.4 3.4 2.4 9.00 8.4 1.52 34.1 3.6 2.4 9.44 7.8 1.49 34.2 9.22 Mean of all GEM topcrosses (47) Mean of 28 GEM entries for quality evaluation Mean of checks (4) 34.1 34.2 37.9 9.00 9.58 9.07 33.8 33.5 37.0 9.46 9.81 9.09 34.0 33.9 37.5 9.23 9.69 9.08 Forage yield for GEMADV trial in 2004 Entry Pedigree 65008-2-3-1-1 X HC33 65008-2-3-1-1 X LH198 65008-2-3-1-1 X LH227 65008-2-3-1-1 X LH244 65008-2-3-1-2 X HC33 65008-2-3-1-2 X LH198 65008-2-3-1-2 X LH227 65008-2-3-1-2 X LH244 65008-2-3-1-3 X HC33 65008-2-3-1-3 X LH198 65008-2-3-1-3 X LH227 65008-2-3-1-3 X LH244 65008-2-3-1-4 X LH198 65008-2-3-1-4 X LH244 65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH198 65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH244 65008-2-3-2-2-1-B X LH198 65008-2-3-2-2-1-B X LH244 67003-2-2-2-1-1-B X LH198 67003-2-2-2-1-1-B X LH244 67034-1-1-2-3 X LH198 67034-1-1-3 X LH198 67034-1-1-3 X LH244 67034-1-1-4 X LH198 67034-1-1-4 X LH244 67034-1-1-5 X LH198 67034-1-1-5 X LH244 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-7-1-1 X LH198 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-7-1-1 X LH244 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-9-1-1-B X LH198 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-9-1-1-B X LH244 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-14-1-1-B X LH198 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-14-1-1-B X LH244 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-1 X LH198 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-1 X LH244 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-2 X LH198 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-2 X LH244 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-3 X LH198 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-3 X LH244 ARZM17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 ARZM 17026:N1019 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 URZM 13085:N0204 SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B F697 (bm3) N48V8 (leafy) P34B23 LH198 X LH185 CHECK CHECK CHECK CHECK Madison Dry matter Yield % t/a 31.4 11.04 31.8 11.32 38.2 11.52 33.6 11.37 34.3 11.12 34.7 12.56 43.7 11.93 32.9 11.15 35.2 11.11 35.1 12.22 39.2 11.28 35.8 11.76 36.0 11.80 35.8 10.96 34.2 10.99 34.2 12.40 33.5 11.30 34.6 12.32 33.1 11.56 33.7 10.99 36.2 11.25 34.9 10.66 37.0 11.19 34.4 10.62 37.1 12.30 35.7 11.03 34.8 12.34 32.6 10.09 31.9 11.20 30.6 11.13 32.7 11.35 36.9 12.35 42.8 10.05 34.8 11.32 36.8 11.93 35.8 11.51 37.3 11.98 36.1 10.19 38.1 11.02 Arlington Dry matter Yield % t/a 44.2 6.63 38.1 7.77 42.9 8.25 42.6 7.81 41.2 6.73 45.4 6.97 45.4 7.88 42.1 7.36 43.4 6.71 42.1 7.35 47.6 7.59 39.4 7.57 41.5 7.16 42.2 8.06 39.6 7.23 45.3 7.83 46.6 6.55 43.4 7.69 42.7 6.86 43.2 7.64 46.4 6.55 43.0 6.95 45.3 6.56 41.4 6.72 40.7 7.35 42.6 7.47 40.9 6.65 39.8 7.26 35.2 7.25 31.2 6.72 35.6 7.07 44.1 7.43 44.6 7.14 41.6 7.42 43.9 7.77 42.0 7.53 41.9 7.80 40.8 7.59 42.4 7.77 Mean Dry matter Yield % t/a 39.7 8.87 35.0 9.55 40.6 9.89 38.1 9.59 36.3 8.89 40.1 9.77 44.6 9.91 37.5 9.26 38.9 8.92 38.6 9.79 43.4 9.44 37.6 9.67 38.8 9.48 39.0 9.51 36.9 9.11 39.8 10.12 40.1 8.93 39.0 10.01 37.9 9.21 38.5 9.32 41.3 8.90 39.0 8.81 41.2 8.88 37.9 8.67 38.9 9.83 39.2 9.25 37.9 9.50 36.2 8.68 33.6 9.23 30.9 8.93 34.2 9.21 40.5 9.89 43.7 8.60 38.2 9.37 40.4 9.85 38.9 9.52 39.6 9.89 38.5 8.89 40.3 9.40 34.6 37.7 38.8 39.1 9.21 11.43 10.77 10.77 40.7 49.1 46.7 43.8 5.44 6.28 7.73 6.73 37.7 43.4 42.8 41.5 7.33 8.86 9.25 8.75 Mean CV (%) LSD (0.05) 35.1 5.2 3.0 11.07 8.2 1.46 42.2 6.2 4.2 6.97 11.5 1.30 38.7 4.8 3.7 9.02 6.8 1.22 Mean of all GEM topcrosses (60) Mean of 39 GEM entries for quality evaluation Mean of checks (4) 34.9 35.3 37.5 11.11 11.39 10.55 42.0 42.1 45.1 7.00 7.30 6.54 38.5 38.7 41.3 9.05 9.34 8.55 2004 WISCONSIN CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIALS Southern Zone - Late Maturity Silage Trial, Arlington & Lancaster, WI Brand Hybrid Pioneer NK Brand Croplan Genetics NK Brand Garst Dekalb Garst Pioneer Golden Harvest Dairyland Pioneer Univ Wisconsin Pioneer Nk Brand Pioneer Mycogen Golden Harvest Mycogen Mean (42 hybrids) LSD(0.10) 34H32 N48-V8 (leafy) 693Bt N65-Y3 8535YG1 DKC5878(YGCB) 8530Bt 34N42 H9006Bt Stealth 1507Bt 34M93 EX01 33R78 N75-K6 32R43 F697 (bm3) H9166 F2F797 (bm3) Yield t/ac 9.7 11.0 * 11.2 * 9.9 9.2 9.2 10.2 10.2 10.1 9.7 10.2 10.8 * 10.3 9.7 10.3 8.2 9.8 8.7 9.9 0.8 Milk per Ton Acre lbs lbs 3550 34500 3420 37700 3410 38300 3510 34600 3400 31300 3590 33000 3470 35400 3580 36500 3500 35300 3520 34300 3580 36400 3540 38300 3440 35400 3450 33500 3500 35900 3780 * 30900 3380 33300 3690 * 31900 3470 34300 100 3600 * * * * * * * * * Moist CP NDF IVD NDFD Starch % % % % % % 60.4 7.3 45 83 62 35 62.9 7.1 49 81 60 30 64.8 7.1 46 81 58 32 65.0 7.0 46 82 60 33 65.1 6.8 47 80 58 33 65.2 7.5 46 83 62 34 65.9 7.1 46 81 59 34 65.9 7.5 47 82 62 33 66.6 6.9 46 81 60 35 66.6 7.5 48 81 61 32 66.8 7.6 47 82 62 33 68.5 7.3 48 82 62 30 70.2 7.8 50 81 61 29 70.4 7.2 51 80 62 26 70.6 7.5 48 81 61 28 71.1 8.2 50 84 68 28 71.8 7.5 50 80 59 28 72.9 7.7 54 83 69 20 67.5 7.4 48 81 60 31 2.3 0.4 3 1 1 3 * Hybrids that were statistically equivalent to the highest hybrid in the trial. UW EX01 = AR17026:N1019-65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH244 WQS/GQS Season 1 (winter) S1 families (~500) Evaluate & Season 2 (summer) Season 3 (winter) S2 families (~150) Testcross (1 tester) S2 testcrosses (~150) Season 4 (summer) Season 5 (winter) Evaluate & select S2 families (20 selects) Recombine Testcross (2-3 testers) S4 testcrosses (~75-100) Season 6 (summer) Evaluate & select S4 selected families S3 families (~150) S4 families (~20-40 selects) S5 families S6 lines Season 7 (winter) Testcross (2-3 testers) Sample hybrids for distribution Increase Inbred release Components of GEM Quality Synthetic (GQS) 2003 trial, LH279 topcrosses Dry Entry Root matter Yield % t/a lodging NDF 0-9 % IVD % IVNDFD Protein Starch Milk/ton Milk/acre % % lbs % lbs CUBA164:S1517-01005-1 46.3 8.26 3 54 81 64 7.7 27 3460 28655 CUBA164:S1517-01014-1 46.9 7.78 1 52 82 64 8.1 30 3537 27564 CUBA164:S1517-01033-1 46.5 8.22 0 51 82 65 7.9 31 3561 29232 CUBA164:S1517-01048-1 45.8 8.70 1 52 81 63 8.0 29 3481 30314 CUBA164:S1517-01055-1 49.3 8.38 1 51 82 64 7.7 32 3552 29757 CUBA164:S1517-01072-1 48.5 8.17 2 51 81 63 7.7 30 3495 28541 CUBA164:S1517-01083-1 46.8 7.81 1 51 81 63 7.8 29 3490 27291 CUBA164:S1517-01085-1 47.2 8.00 2 52 81 64 8.0 29 3501 28012 CUBA164:S1517-01096-2 47.6 7.93 3 50 82 64 8.0 30 3544 28091 CUBA164:S1517-01117-1 45.1 8.09 1 52 81 63 8.2 27 3455 27933 CUBA164:S1517-01122-1 47.6 8.52 3 52 82 65 8.1 29 3571 30422 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-4 48.6 8.09 1 53 81 65 7.4 29 3500 28282 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-8 47.5 8.15 2 52 81 63 7.4 30 3486 28505 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-13 45.2 7.79 1 54 81 64 7.9 25 3484 27186 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-25 44.3 8.20 1 52 82 65 7.5 29 3566 29355 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-33 47.6 8.31 0 53 81 64 7.7 29 3475 28917 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-37 46.4 8.90 1 54 81 64 7.4 28 3473 30862 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-43 46.4 8.09 2 54 81 64 7.7 27 3461 28069 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-45 43.5 7.91 2 54 81 65 7.6 27 3485 27662 CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-47 45.3 8.46 1 52 81 63 7.6 27 3466 29322 F697 (bm3) 39.3 7.33 5 55 84 71 8.5 24 3763 27578 N48V8 (leafy) 49.3 8.02 2 55 81 65 7.7 26 3481 28112 N64-J9 44.1 8.76 1 52 82 65 7.6 29 3576 31329 34B23 50.9 9.07 2 53 82 66 8.1 27 3552 32260 34M95 54.2 7.89 2 52 81.9 65 7.3 31 3561 28266 Mean 46.3 8.04 2 54 80.1 63 7.9 27 3414 2749 5 12 69 7 2 3 6 11 4 13 3.5 1.35 2 4 2.3 2 0.5 5 184 5398 Mean - All CUBA164 topcrosses (67) 46.6 8.02 2 54 79.9 63 7.9 27 3396 27262 Mean - All CUBA117 topcrosses (28) 45.5 8.07 2 54 80.2 64 7.7 27 3429 27751 Mean of 20 selects 46.6 8.19 1 52 81.2 64 7.8 29 3502 28698 Mean of checks 47.6 8.21 3 53 82.1 66 7.9 28 3586 29509 CV (%) LSD (0.05) GEM Contributions – Starch Degradability Starch digestibility (%) Predicted Starch Digestibility 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Whole plant DM (%) 44 46 48 Rumen Degradability of Starch Oh43 su2 80 Oh43 o2 Oh43 fl2 Rumen degradability (%) 76 Oh43 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 ½ milk line (ML) 5d post ½ ML 10d post ½ ML Harvest stage Black layer Starch Degradability CHO5015:N12-387-1-B Oh43 o2 [Correa et al., 2002] Starch Degradability Studies Objectives 1) Determine whether there is genetic variation for starch degradability 2) Determine the extent to which kernel vitreousness is related to starch degradability Starch Study Entries: 32 inbred lines and 1 population (2002) 19 hybrids (2003) Harvest dates: ½ milkline (ML, ~35% DM) Black layer (~15 d post ½ ML) Experiment design (field): RCB with 3 replicates Madison - 2002, 2003 1 self-pollinated row – 3.04 x 0.76 m 10 plants per row Procedure – Two-Stage Starch Digestion (Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.) STAGE 1 - in-situ ruminal incubation Two steers with ruminal cannula – 2 wk adaptation to 70% (DMB) corn silage diet In-situ procedure: Corn kernels ground with Wiley Mill (6mm screen) 1.5g ground material placed in 5 x 5 cm dacron bag Eight replicate bags incubated for each sample Placed in rumen for 0 and 14 h, Removed, rinsed and dried at 62oC for 24 h STAGE 2 - post-ruminal in-vitro incubation 14-h ruminal residue subjected to 8 h incubation intestinal enzymatic cocktail (pepsin + pancreatic enzymes) Removed, rinsed and dried at 62oC for 24 h Final Action Eight replicates for DM disappearance Eight replicated bags composited for a single starch analysis Black layer stage Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr) Total tract degradability B73 X MO17Ht W64A X OH43 W64A X OH43 ae1/ae1 W64A X OH43 su2/su2 W64A X OH43 fl2/fl2 W64A X OH43 o2/o2 NC416 X B73 NC414 X B73 NC412 X B73 NC410 X B73 UR13085:N0215-3-1-B-B X B73 FS8B(T):N1802-35-1-B-B X B73 DREP150:N2011d-13-1-B-B X B73 CUBA164:S2008a-3-1-B-B X MO17Ht CUBA164:S15-184-1-B-B X MO17Ht CUBA164:S2008A-23-1-B-B X MO17Ht CHO5015:N15-143-1-B-B X B73 AR16035:S02-447-1-B X MO17Ht AR16035:S02-447-1-B X NC410 ½ milk-line stage 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Starch degradability (%) 70 80 90 100 Black layer stage Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr) Total tract degradability 100 Starch degradability (%) 90 80 y = -0.10x + 84.19 R2 = 0.53 70 60 50 y = -0.21x + 58.28 R2 = 0.68 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 % Vitreousness 80 100 Black layer stage Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr) Total tract degradability 100 Starch degradability (%) 90 W64A X Oh43 su2 80 70 W64A X Oh43 o2 60 50 40 W64A X Oh43 fl2 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 % Vitreousness 80 100 Black layer stage – hybrids Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr) Total tract degradability 100 Starch degradability (%) 90 y = -0.11x + 82.95 R2 = 0.28 80 70 60 50 y = -0.14x + 50.14 R2 = 0.47 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 Vitreousness (%) 80 100 Black Layer Stage - Inbreds Rumen in situ degradability (14h) Total tract degradability 100 90 Degradability (%) 80 y = -0.19x + 86.58 R2 = 0.41 70 60 50 40 y = -0.23x + 47.84 R2 = 0.58 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 Vitreousness (%) 80 100 Summary GEM has contributed greatly to the UW silage breeding program by providing: 1) Superior and unique germplasm 2) Better understanding of nutritional properties of silage http://silagebreeding.agronomy.wisc.edu