FM 4-20.102(FM 10-500-2)
NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010
TO 13C7-1-5
AIRDROP OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT:
RIGGING AIRDROP PLATFORMS
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
*FM 4-20.102 (FM 10-500-2)
NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010
TO 13C7-1-5
FIELD MANUAL
NO 4-20.102
NAVAL SEA COMMAND
NO SS400-AB-MMO-010
TECHNICAL ORDER
NO 13C7-1-5
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
Washington, DC, 22 August 2001
AIRDROP OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT:
RIGGING AIRDROP PLATFORMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE..........................................................................................................…iv
Scope................................................................................................................….iv
User Information....................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER 1
AIRDROP INFORMATION
Responsibilities...................................................................................................1-1
Type and Method of Airdrop............................................................................…1-1
Maximum Rigged Weight....................................................................................1-2
Accompanying Loads.........................................................................................1-3
Center of Balance...............................................................................................1-3
Items and Loads Dropped in Cold
Climates.........................................................……………………………………..1-7
Safety Precautions..............................................................................................1-7
Knots...............................................................................................................…1-8
CHAPTER 2
RIGGING INFORMATION
Section I
THE TYPE V AIRDROP PLATFORM
Use.................................................................................................................….2-1
Platform Limitations for Aircraft...........................................................................2-3
AIRDROP SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
Commonly Used Items.......................................................................................2-4
Inspection of Items..............................................................................................2-5
SUSPENSION SLINGS
Cargo Slings.....................................................................................................2-12
Requirements...................................................................................................2-13
LASHINGS
Use................................................................................................................…2-15
Components and Strengths..............................................................................2-15
Section II
Section III
Section IV
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
* This publication supercedes FM 10-500-2/TO 13C7-1-5, dated 1 November 1990.
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Page
Section V
CARGO PARACHUTES
Use..................................................................................................................2-18
Types...............................................................................................................2-18
Riser Extensions...............................................................................................2-20
Section VI
PARACHUTE RESTRAINT SYSTEM
Use..................................................................................................................2-21
Description.......................................................................................................2-21
Section VII
EXTRACTION SYSTEM
Use..................................................................................................................2-22
Components.....................................................................................................2-22
Operation.........................................................................................................2-23
Section VIII
RELEASE ASSEMBLIES
Use..................................................................................................................2-24
Description.......................................................................................................2-24
Inspection and Maintenance...............................................................................2-24
Operation.........................................................................................................2-24
Section IX
EXTRACTION PARACHUTES AND EXTRACTION LINE
Cargo Extraction Parachutes..............................................................................2-27
Inspection, Maintenance, and Packing................................................................2-27
Requirements...................................................................................................2-27
Extraction Line Panel.........................................................................................2-35
Section X
TRANSPORTATION OF RIGGED LOADS
Responsibilities.................................................................................................2-38
Typical Loading and Transporting Equipment........................................................2-38
CHAPTER 3
PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
Section I
PLATFORM AND HONEYCOMB PREPARATION
Inspecting Platform.............................................................................................3-1
Suspending Platform Loads.................................................................................3-1
Preparing the Type V Platform..............................................................................3-6
Building Honeycomb Stacks................................................................................3-7
Placing Honeycomb Stacks.................................................................................3-8
Drive-Off Aid Airdrop...........................................................................................3-9
Section II
ACCOMPANYING LOAD AND DROP ITEMS
Stowing Accompanying Loads............................................................................3-11
Preparing Drop Items.........................................................................................3-11
Covering Load...................................................................................................3-11
ii
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Page
Section III
SUSPENSION SLINGS AND LASHINGS
Attaching Slings................................................................................................3-12
Safety Tieing Slings..........................................................................................3-12
Fitting D-Rings..................................................................................................3-14
Lashing Load....................................................................................................3-14
Safety Tieing Load Binder Handles.....................................................................3-17
Forming a 30-Foot, 45-Foot, or Greater Length Tiedown Strap...............................3-18
Section IV
CARGO PARACHUTES
Riser Extensions...............................................................................................3-19
Stowing Riser Extensions..................................................................................3-21
Stowing Cargo Parachutes.................................................................................3-25
Using Deployment Lines....................................................................................3-25
Restraining One Parachute.................................................................................3-33
Restraining Two to Eight Parachutes...................................................................3-34
Section V
EXTRACTION SYSTEM
Extraction Force Transfer Coupling......................................................................3-50
Section VI
RELEASE ASSEMBLIES
M-1 Cargo Parachute Release............................................................................3-60
M-2 Cargo Parachute Release............................................................................3-68
The Automatic Cargo Release (Not for Army Use)................................................3-70
Parachute Risers Attached to the Parachute Release...........................................3-78
Section VII
EXTRACTION LINES AND PARACHUTES
Extraction Lines................................................................................................3-81
C-130/MC-130 Aircraft.......................................................................................3-81
C-141 Aircraft...................................................................................................3-85
Extraction Parachute Clusters............................................................................3-86
C-5 Aircraft.......................................................................................................3-91
Section VIII
LOAD MARKING, INSPECTION, AND EMERGENCY AFT RESTRAINT
REQUIREMENTS
Marking Rigged Load.........................................................................................3-98
Types of Inspections.........................................................................................3-99
Emergency Aft Restraint Requirements for Platform-Extracted Loads Rigged on
a Type V Platform............................................................................................3-100
GLOSSARY....................................................................................................................Glossary-1
REFERENCES............................................................................................................References-1
iii
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
PREFACE
SCOPE
The purpose of this manual is to provide the latest approved procedures for
rigging airdrop platforms. This manual is written for use by the parachute
rigger. It consists of three chapters.
The procedures contained in this manual are typical and serve as the standard
from which all platform rigging is derived. Due to the uniqueness of some
equipment and items, the procedures in a specific rigging manual may be
different from those in this manual. When procedures are different, those in
the specific manual will be followed. When an item of equipment is specified to
be used for which its minimum or maximum capacity is exceeded, a notice of
exception will be printed at the beginning of each paragraph in each rigging
manual where the exception is authorized. When an item of airdrop equipment
is replaced or a procedure is changed, it will be impossible to change all
manuals in the field at one time. Therefore, this manual will be changed, when
necessary.
Chapters 1 and 2 contain specific limitations and general information about the
rigging of airdrop platform loads for low-velocity airdrop from US aircraft.
Chapter 3 shows and tells how to prepare, attach, and safety tie some of the
components and systems used in the specific rigging manuals of the FM 4-20
(10-500)/TO 13C7 series.
Note: LAPES and the 60K Low-Velocity Airdrop System have been
taken out of this manual. If in the future these systems are needed in
the field, they will be added back into this manual.
USER INFORMATION
The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC. You are encouraged to
report any errors or omissions and to suggest ways of making this a better
manual.
Army personnel, send your comments on DA Form 2028 directly to:
Director
Aerial Delivery and Field Services Department
USA Quartermaster Center and School
1010 Shop Road
Fort Lee, Virginia 23801-1502
iv
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Air Force personnel, route your reports on AFTO Form 22 through your
respective command Weapons and Tactics to:
Headquarters
Air Mobility Command (AMC/DOKT)
402 Scott Drive, Unit 3AI
Scott AFB, Illinois 62225-5302
Air Force personnel in Special Operations Command, send your reports on AFTO Form 22.
HQ AMC/DOK will consolidate and forward changes to:
Director
Aerial Delivery and Field Services Department
USA Quartermaster Center and School
1010 Shop Road
Fort Lee, Virginia 23801-1502
Also send an information copy of AFTO Form 22 to:
WR-ALC/LKCB
460 Richard Ray Blvd
Robins AFB, Georgia 31098-1640
v
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Chapter 1
Airdrop Information
RESPONSIBILITIES
1-1. Personnel responsible for loading rigged platform loads into aircraft and
installing and operating airdrop systems are given below.
a. US Air Force Aircraft. Air Force personnel are responsible for loading
the rigged platform loads into the aircraft and for installing and operating the
airdrop system.
b. US Air Force Aircraft Foreign Joint Training. USAF aircraft and
crews conducting joint airdrop operations with foreign military governments are
not authorized to airdrop equipment and configurations not included in this
manual, unless authorized by specific MAJCOM.
c. Other Aircraft. When aircraft other than US Air Force aircraft is
used, Army personnel may be responsible for loading Army rigged
platform loads into the aircraft and for installing and operating the
airdrop systems.
TYPE AND METHOD OF AIRDROP
1-2. As used in this manual, airdrop is the air-to-ground delivery of platform
loads from an aircraft in flight. Airdrop is designed to supplement the usual
surface methods of delivering supplies and equipment to forces in the field.
a. Type of Airdrop. Currently the only type of airdrop used to deliver
platform loads is low-velocity airdrop. Low-velocity airdrop delivers platform
loads from an aircraft at various altitudes. Cargo parachutes are used to
slow the descent of the loads to ensure minimum landing shock. The type and
number of cargo parachutes can vary as shown in Table 1-1. Due to differing
deployment characteristics, parachutes of different types will not be mixed on
the same load. Loads with different type parachutes and loads with quantities of
the same type parachute may be airdropped from the same aircraft or element
provided the following conditions are met:
(1) Airdrop altitude for the aircraft or element will be determined by
the type and number of parachutes on the load requiring the highest airdrop
altitude.
(2) Aircraft or elements with lower airdrop altitudes will drop before
aircraft or elements with higher airdrop altitudes.
(3) The transported force accepts strike report responsibility for
loads other than the first platform to exit the aircraft or element lead for
formation airdrops.
1-1
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 1-1. Type and Number of Parachutes for Low-Velocity Airdrop
MINIMUM DROP ALTITUDE
(FEET AGL)
PARACHUTES
G-11B
700
750
1
2 to 4
G-11C
1,200
1,300
5 to 7
8
G-12E
475
550
1
2
CAUTION
Drop altitudes reflect MINIMUM drop altitudes.
b. Method of Airdrop. The extraction method is used for platform
loads delivered by low-velocity airdrop. This method uses a cargo extraction
parachute to pull the platform load from the cargo compartment of the aircraft.
MAXIMUM RIGGED WEIGHT
1-3. The weight cited in the rigged load data for each specific load is typical for
the load as shown. Some amount of overweight is allowed as long as load
dimensions, rigging and extraction components, and rigging procedures are not
changed.
Note: When a maximum allowable rigged weight is specified in the rigged load data,
this weight is the absolute maximum and will not be exceeded.
1-2
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
ACCOMPANYING LOADS
1-4. Accompanying loads are items of supplies and equipment that may be added
to a certain primary load as specified in the specific rigging manual for that
load. Each airdrop manual states whether an accompanying load is authorized
and lists the restrictions for that particular load. The following restrictions
apply to all accompanying loads.
a. The accompanying load must be positioned so that-(1) The primary load will not hit or crush it on ground impact.
(2) It will not interfere with the suspension slings.
b. The accompanying load must not cause the-(1) Height of the rigged load to exceed the height limitations and the
tip-off curve (Table 1-2) of the aircraft used.
(2) Weight of the rigged load to exceed the maximum allowable weight
prescribed in the specific rigging manual.
(3) Center of balance (CB) of the rigged load to move outside the
limitations shown in Figure 1-1.
(4) Hang angle of the suspended rigged load to exceed 1 inch per linear
foot of platform length.
CAUTION
The accompanying load must be lashed to meet the same restraint
requirements as the primary load.
CENTER OF BALANCE
1-5. The CB of an airdrop platform load, based on the total rigged weight, is
given in the rigging manual for a particular item. If the load varies from the
one given in a particular manual, the CB must be recomputed using the
procedures shown in Figure 1-2. If the recomputed CB or load profile exceeds the
limits of Table 1-2 or Figure 1-2, the load is not acceptable.
1-3
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 1-2. Forward Profile Limits for Airdrop Platforms
FORWARD PROFILE LIMITS (Tip Off Curve)
1-4
DISTANCE
FORWARD OF CB
(INCHES)
MAXIMUM
HEIGHT
(INCHES)
DISTANCE
FORWARD OF CB
(INCHES)
MAXIMUM
HEIGHT
(INCHES)
0 to 45
46 to 75
76 to 87
88 to 93
94 to 100
101 to 107
108 to 113
114 to 117
118 to 122
123 to 124
125 to 128
129 to 133
134 to 138
139 to 141
142 to 144
145 to 146
147 to 150
151 to 152
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
153 to 155
156 to 160
161 to 162
163 to 165
166 to 168
169 to 170
171 to 172
173 to 174
175 to 177
178 to 179
180 to 181
182 to 183
184 to 186
187 to 188
189 to 190
191 to 192
193 to 195
196 to 197
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
B
A
REAR
14 IN
FRONT
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789 14 IN
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
CB
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
1234567890123456789
PLATFORM
CENTERLINE
PL AT F ORM
L ENGT H
(F EET )
A
(INCHES)
B
(INCHES)
8
30
66
12
52
91 1/2
16
75
117
20
97 1/2
142 1/2
24
120
168
28
120
190
32
157
212
Notes: 1. Distances are measured in inches from the front edge of the platform.
2. These minimum figures are for non-awads and non-armored C-130 aircraft.
3. Shaded area indicates allowable CB tolerances.
4. Theses drawings are not drawn to scale.
Figure 1-1. CB Limits for Airdrop Platforms
1-5
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Figure 1-2. Drawing Showing Weights and CB of Rigged Item and Accompanying Load
1-6
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
ITEMS AND LOADS DROPPED IN COLD CLIMATES
1-6. Some items to be dropped may have been modified for use in cold climates
by the installation of extra equipment. Special rigging procedures may be
needed when the drop item has been so modified. When loads are to be dropped
in cold climates, all excess webbing of suspension slings and tie-down straps
must be folded and tied with type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1-7. Safety precautions MUST be closely followed when airdrop platform loads
are rigged. Failure to follow the precautions could result in serious injury to the
rigger or damage to the drop item or aircraft. The following safety precautions
shall be taken by the rigger:
a. Make sure that when lifting heavy items, the liftingdevice has a rated
lifting capacity that exceeds the weight of the item to be lifted.
b. Be sure that items being lifted are secured to the lifting device.
c. Avoid working under equipment suspended above an airdrop platform
unless absolutely necessary.
d. Cover all wet cell batteries in service with plastic or nonflammable
material.
e. Check fuel tanks to ensure that they do not exceed the fuel level of the
specific rigging manuals. Check fuel tanks of small engines to make sure they
are drained. Check fuel cans to make sure they are performance-oriented
packaging approved. When stowing fuel cans, use cellulose wadding or other
suitable material to prevent metal-to-metal contact.
f. Package, mark, and label hazardous materials according to
AFJMAN 24-204/TM 38-250.
CAUTION
Only ammunition listed in FM 10-500-53/MCRP 4-3.8/
TO 13C7-18-41 may be airdropped.
1-7
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
KNOTS
1-8. Some of the knots used for rigging platform loads are shown in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3. Knots Used During Rigging
1-8
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
Make an overhand knot in one end.
2
Follow the curve back in the reverse direction with the other end.
Notes: 1. There is no need to safety tie the ends when webbing is used.
2. Be sure the knot is neat, so as to tell if it is tied correctly.
3. This knot will jam after heavy loading.
Ring Bend Knot used on the Drive-off Aid
SLIP KNOT
Note: Draw knots tight.
Figure 1-3. Knots Used During Rigging (Continued)
1-9
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Chapter 2
Rigging Information
Section I
The Type V Airdrop Platform
USE
2-1. The type V airdrop platform, as shown in Figure 2-1, serves as the base on
which supplies and equipment are restrained. This platform also supports the
load during the extraction, parachute deployment, suspension, and recovery
phases. The type V airdrop platform is used for low-velocity airdrop. The type V
platform can be assembled in 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, 24-, 28-, and 32-foot lengths. The
assembled platform is 108 inches wide. A detailed description of this platform is
in TM 10-1670-268-20&P/TO 13C7-52-22. The nose bumper is not required.
The type V platform spreads the shock of ground impact. Limitations for
the type V platform are listed in Table 2-1.
Figure 2-1. Type V Airdrop Platform
2-1
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-1. Limitations for Type V Airdrop Platform when Dropping from a C-130, C-141, C-5, and
C-17 Aircraft
C-130, C-141, and C-5 Aircraft
Length
(Feet)
W id t h
(Inches)
Weight
(Pounds)
Platform
Surface
(Square
Feet)
Minimum
Rigged
Weight
(Pounds)
Maximum
Rigged
Weight
(Pounds)
8
108
820
72
2,520
15,000
12
108
1,220
108
3,780
21,000
16
108
1,590
144
5,040
28,000
20
108
1,950
180
6,300
39,000
24
108
2,280
216
7,560
42,000
28
108
2,820
252
8,820
42,000
32
108
3,056
288
10,080
42,000
C-17 Aircraft
Length
(Feet)
W id t h
(Inches)
Weight
(Pounds)
Platform
Surface
(Square
Feet)
Minimum
Rigged
Weight
(Pounds)
Maximum
Rigged
Weight
(Pounds)
8
108
820
72
2,520
*10,000
12
108
1,220
108
3,780
*18,500
16
108
1,590
144
5,040
*27,700
20
108
1,950
180
6,300
39,000
24
108
2,280
216
7,500
42,000
28
108
2,820
252
8,820
42,000
32
108
3,056
288
10,080
42,000
* Aircraft restraint rails reduce the weight
2-2
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
PLATFORM LIMITATIONS FOR AIRCRAFT
2-2. Cargo and transport aircraft are specifically designed to deliver supplies and
equipment by airdrop and are employed in airborne operations. Aircraft
limitations are described below.
a. Hercules (C-130). Platform loads are generally restricted to a
height of 100 inches (measured from the bottom of the platform) and weight of
25,000 pounds for aircraft with an aircraft serial number of 62-1783 or lower.
For aircraft with an aircraft serial number of 62-1784 and higher, and for
aircraft with a serial number of 61-2358, the weight restriction is 42,000
pounds. MC-130E Combat Talon I and MC-130H Combat Talon II aircraft are
restricted to 35,000 pounds. Single and combined platform lengths are restricted
to 28 feet for MC-130E Combat Talon I aircraft and 40 feet of available floor
space for all other C-130 aircraft. When the towplate is used for Drogue
Extraction System (DES) airdrops, the extraction/drogue parachute
requirements in Table 2-10 will apply. DES is the primary method of extraction
for Combat Talon aircraft.
b. Starlifter (C-141). Platform loads are generally restricted to a height
of 100 inches (measured from the bottom of the platform) and a weight of
38,500 pounds. During contingency (wartime) operations, with Air Force
approval, the maximum platform weight may be increased to 42,000
pounds. For multiple platforms, up to 70,000 pounds of airdrop load may be
airdropped. The aircraft has a total available floor space of 93 feet.
c. Galaxy (C-5). Platforms are generally restricted to a height of 105
inches (measured from the bottom of the platform) and a weight of 60,000
pounds. For multiple platforms, up to 200,000 pounds of airdrop load may be
airdropped. All loads certified for low-velocity airdrop from C-130, C-141 and
C-17 aircraft may be airdropped from C-5 aircraft. The aircraft has a total
available floor space of 121 feet.
d. Globemaster (C-17). Platform loads are generally restricted to a
height of 118 inches. Platform loads are generally restricted to a weight of
60,000 pounds. For multiple platforms, up to 110,000 pounds of airdrop load
may be airdropped. Loads certified for low-velocity airdrop from C-130, C-141,
and C-5 aircraft that meet the limitations in Table 2-1 may be airdropped from
the C-17 aircraft. The aircraft has a total available floor space of 64 feet.
2-3
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section II
Airdrop Supplies And Equipment
COMMONLY USED ITEMS
2-3. Items commonly used for rigging platform loads are described in this
section. Each rigging manual in the FM 4-20.(10-500)/TO 13C7 series
contains one or more tables of equipment required. These tables list the NSN,
item, and quantity of each item needed to prepare and rig the load covered in
the manual. Standard airdrop hardware items are shown in Figure 2-2.
Standard airdrop straps and canvas items are shown in Figure 2-3. Some
textile, wood, and miscellaneous items are described below.
a. Textile Items. The most common textile items and their uses are as
follows:
(1) Type III nylon cord is used to make safety ties and to hold items in
place. It has a tensile strength of 550 pounds.
(2) 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing is used to secure items
during airdrop and to tie the deadman’s safety tie. It has a tensile strength of
1,000 pounds.
(3) Type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing is used to make many of the
needed safety ties used when a platform load is rigged. It has a tensile strength
of 80 pounds.
(4) 5/8-inch or 9/16-inch tubular nylon webbing may be used for
the deadman’s safety tie and parachute clustering ties in place of 1/2-inch
tubular nylon webbing. Five eighths inch tubular nylon webbing has a tensile
strength of 2250 pounds and 9/16-inch tubular nylon webbing has a tensile
strength of 1500 pounds.
2-4
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. Wood Items. Wood items used when platform loads are rigged for
specific airdrop are made locally. Details for building these wood items are in
the rigging manuals.
Note: Plywood will be grade AC or AD.
c. Miscellaneous Items. Miscellaneous items that may be used when a
platform load is rigged are discussed below. The proper use of these items
will be covered in detail in this manual or in other FM 4-20 (10-500)/ TO13C7
series manuals.
(1) Adhesive tape (masking tape), 2 inches wide, is used to secure
folds of excess webbing. It is also used to protect honeycomb from being
cut by type III nylon cord and to hold padding in place. It can be used
for other tasks also.
(2) Type IV, cloth-back adhesive tape, 2 inches wide, is used to
protect honeycomb from being cut by type III nylon cord and to hold
padding in place. It can be used for other tasks also.
CAUTION
The type IV, cloth-backed adhesive tape, will not
be used to secure folds of extraction lines and
deployment lines.
(3) Cellulose wadding and felt sheets have many uses. They may be
used to pad fragile items, to prevent sharp edges from cutting, and to
protect slings during airdrop.
(4) Energy-dissipating pads (honeycomb) are used to absorb the
landing shock. Honeycomb is also used to level, pad, and fill empty
spaces.
INSPECTION OF ITEMS
2-4. Canvas, metal, webbing, and wood items are inspected according to
TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2.
2-5
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
1
4
3
5
7
6
1
The large clevis is used in forming suspension systems, grouping bridles, and attaching
riser extensions to the G-11 cargo parachute. It may be used on the type V platform for
suspension. The clevis is used in other places, as indicated in the specific rigging manual.
2
The medium clevis is used to attach riser extensions to the G-12E cargo
parachute and emergency aft restraint provisions on the type V platform. Other uses are
given in the specific rigging manual.
3
The screw-pin clevis is used with a sleeve in a manner similar to a large suspension clevis.
4
The 10,000-pound load binder is used to hook two D-rings together or to hook a D-ring to a
platform tiedown clevis on the airdrop platform.
5
The heavy-duty D-ring is used with a 15-foot tiedown strap.
6
The four-point link assembly is used to cluster two 28-foot cargo extraction parachutes on a
low-velocity load.
7
The platform clevis is attached to the side rails, tandem links, or suspension links of the
type V platform in order to secure the load.
Figure 2-2. Hardware Items Used for Rigging Platform Loads
2-6
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
8
9
10
8
The 5 1/2-inch, two-point link assembly is used to join suspension slings and extraction lines
and to attach an extraction line to a cargo extraction parachute.
9
The Attitude Control Bar (ACB) is used as an alternate spreader bar on some loads that
approach the height of 100 inches. An example of this is the HMMWV ambulance.
10 The 3 3/4-inch, two-point link assembly is used to join suspension slings and to attach an
extraction line to a cargo extraction parachute.
Figure 2-2. Hardware Items Used for Rigging Platform Loads (continued)
2-7
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
12
14
11
13
15
11 The guillotine-type knife is used on parachute release straps and in other
places as directed in the specific rigging manual.
12 The tandem link is used on the type V platform for low-velocity airdrop for platform
suspension and emergency aft restraint.
13 The suspension bracket assembly is used for platform suspension.
14 The three-point link may be used to connect suspension slings and is part of the extraction
force transfer coupling.
15 The 8-spool load coupler maybe utilized with the Automatic Cargo Parachute Release.
Figure 2-2. Hardware Items Used for Rigging Platform Loads (continued)
2-8
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
16
17
16 The EFTC 11-inch extraction coupler assembly (modified) is used to join six-loop extraction
lines in the C-5 aircraft.
17 The EFTC actuator arm extension pin is used in the C-5 aircraft. The pin rides on top of the
left rail.
Figure 2-2. Hardware Items Used for Rigging Platform Loads (continued)
2-9
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
2
Knife 1
Knife 2
Knife 3
3
1
The V-knife parachute release strap is used to cut one parachute restraint strap on a lowvelocity airdrop load.
2
The guillotine-knife parachute release strap is used to cut one parachute restraint strap on
a low-velocity airdrop load.
3
The multicut parachute release strap is used to cut one to three parachute restraint straps
on a platform load rigged for low-velocity airdrop. The strap comes with three guillotinetype release knives. Knives that are not being used are removed. This release strap
is always used in pairs.
Figure 2-3. Straps and Canvas Items Used for Rigging Platform Loads
2-10
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
4
5
4
The 15-foot dacron tiedown strap is used to lash an airdrop load to the platform. Other uses
of this strap are covered in the specific rigging manual.
5
The large clevis cover is used on the large and medium suspension clevis when the clevis is
used to join the risers of a cargo parachute to a riser extension.
Figure 2-3. Straps and Canvas Items Used for Rigging Platform Loads (continued)
2-11
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section III
Suspension Slings
CARGO SLINGS
2-5. Cargo slings (Figure 2-4) are used as suspension slings on platform loads
rigged for low-velocity airdrop. These slings suspend the load under the cargo
parachute during descent. Suspension slings connect the cargo parachute to the
load using a parachute release assembly. Cargo slings may also be used as
deployment lines and to extend the risers of cargo parachutes or to group the
bridles of a multiparachute load.
1
1
Each sling is made with continuous loops. The loops are 1 3/4-inch-wide, type XXVI nylon
webbing. They are held together with keepers of 1-inch, nylon reinforced tape. Each sling
has a sliding webbing keeper and a cotton or nylon buffer at each end.
Note: The keeper at each end of the sling must be drawn snugly against the object on
which the sling is fitted.
Figure 2-4. Cargo Slings
2-12
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
REQUIREMENTS
2-6. The size and number of suspension slings needed to rig an airdrop platform
load for low-velocity airdrop depend on the suspended weight of the load. The
size and number of cargo slings needed at each suspension point are listed in
Table 2-2. The types and lengths of suspension slings authorized for use when a
platform load is rigged for low-velocity airdrop are listed in Table 2-3. Each
specific rigging manual lists the slings used on a specific load.
Table 2-2. Size and Number of Cargo Slings Required for Airdrop Platform Loads
Weight of Rigged Load
Without Cargo Parachutes
(pounds)
Type XXVI Nylon Webbing
Cargo Slings at Each Suspension Point
2270 to 14,000
1 each (2-loop)
14,001 to 40,000
1 each (4-loop)
2-13
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-3. Suspension Slings for Low-Velocity Airdrop
2-14
National Stock Number
Length
(feet)
Number of
L oop s
Type of Nylon
Webbing
1670-01-062-6301
3
2
XXVI
1670-01-062-6306
3
4
XXVI
1670-01-062-6304
9
2
XXVI
1670-01-062-6305
9
4
XXVI
1670-01-063-7760
11
2
XXVI
1670-01-062-6310
11
4
XXVI
1670-01-062-6303
12
2
XXVI
1670-01-062-6307
12
4
XXVI
1670-01-063-7761
16
2
XXVI
1670-01-062-6308
16
4
XXVI
1670-01-062-6302
20
2
XXVI
1670-01-064-4453
20
4
XXVI
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section IV
Lashings
USE
2-7. The drop item and the accompanying load are lashed to the platform to
prevent damage to the load or to the aircraft during airdrop. The accompanying
load is lashed to the platform to withstand the same force as the drop item.
COMPONENTS AND STRENGTHS
2-8. The components of the lashings used on airdrop loads are shown in Figure
2-5. The effective strength of a lashing is determined by the angle of lashing to
the plane of thrust. Table 2-4 illustrates a method of determining lashing
effectiveness forward, aft, lateral, and vertical thrusts. The maximum strengths
of the various formsof lashings are given in Figure 2-6.
1
2
3
1
15-foot dacron tiedown strap.
2
Heavy-duty D-ring.
3
10,000-pound-capacity load binder.
Figure 2-5. Components of a Tiedown Assembly
2-15
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-4. Lashing Effectiveness
$,5'5233/$7)250
9(57,&$/',0(16,21
%
675$3/(1*7+
$
):'25$)7',0(16,21
&
/$7(5$/',0(16,21
'
7+,6),*85(,//8675$7(6$0(7+2'2)'(7(50,1,1*5(675$,173529,'('%<$*,9(1$,5'523
7,('2:1$6,//8675$7('7,('2:15$7,26&$1%('(7(50,1('%<',9,',1*7+(',5(&7,21$/
',67$1&(,1:+,&+5(675$,17,65(48,5('%<7+(675$3/(1*7+7+,65$7,2,67+(1
08/7,3/,('%<7+(675(1*7+2)7+(7,('2:1675$325$77$&+0(1732,17:+,&+(9(5,6
/(6672),1'7+(())(&7,9(5(675$,175(&(,9(')5207+(7,('2:13$77(5186('
(;$03/(1RWH4XDQWLWLHVXVHGDUHIURPWKHH[DPSOHDERYH
),5670($685(7+(7,('2:1675$3/(1*7+$)5207+($77$&+0(1732,17217+(
$,5'523/2$'727+(7,('2:1),77,1*217+($,5'5233/$7)250,1&+(6<28:,//
86(7+,60($685(0(17,1($&+&$/&8/$7,21
&$/&8/$7,1*7+(9(57,&$/5(675$,17
D
)25'(7(50,1,1*9(57,&$/5(675$,170($685(7+(9(57,&$/',0(16,21%)5207+(
$77$&+0(1732,17217+($,5'523/2$'72$32,17',5(&7/<%(1($7+,7217+(
$,5'5233/$7)250685)$&(,1&+(6
E
',9,'(7+(9(57,&$/',0(16,21%%<7+(7,('2:1675$3/(1*7+$72'(7(50,1($
5$7,2
= 5$7,2
F
08/7,3/<7+,65$7,2%<7+(5$7('675(1*7+2)7+(7,('2:1675$3257+(5$7('
675(1*7+2)7+(7,('2:1),77,1*217+(/2$'25217+(3/$7)250:+,&+(9(5,6
/(66
™* = 3281'6
9(57,&$/5(675$,175(&(,9(')520675$3
&$/&8/$7,1*7+()25:$5'25$ )75(675$,17
D
)25'(7(50,1,1*)25:$5'25$)75(675$,172%7$,1$)25:$5'25$)7',0(16,21&
%<0($685,1*)520$32,17',5(&7/<%(1($7+7+($77$&+0(1732,17217+($,5'523
/2$'$/21*$/21*,78',1$/$;,672$32,17/$7(5$/727+(7,('2:1),77,1*%(,1*
86('217+($,5'5233/$7)250,1&+(6
E
',9,'(7+()25:$5'25$)7',0(16,21&%<7+(7,('2:1675$3/(1*7+$72
'(7(50,1($5$7,2
= 5$7,2
F
08/7,3/<7+,65$7,2%<7+(5$7('675(1*7+2)7+(7,('2:1675$3253/$7)250
6,'(5$,/7,('2:1&/(9,6257<3(93/$7)2503$1(/7,('2:15,1*
:+,&+(9(5,6/(66
™ * = 3281'6
2-16
):'25$)75(675$,175(&(,9(')520675$3
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
Platform
1
Platform
Single line configuration.
A dacron lashing routed in a single line configuration has a maximum strength of 6000
pounds when attached to a type V platform side rail and a tiedown clevis. It has a maximum
strength of 4000 pounds when attached to a panel tiedown ring.
2
Platform
2
Item
Double line (floating binder) configuration.
A dacron lashing routed in a double line configuration has a maximum strength of 10,000
pounds when attached to a type V platform side rail and a tiedown clevis. It has a maximum
strength of 4,000 pounds when attached to a panel tiedown ring.
Figure 2-6. Strengths of Dacron Lashings
2-17
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section V
Cargo Parachutes
USE
2-9. Cargo parachutes, also called recovery parachutes, are used to slow the
descent of a low-velocity platform load. Table 2-5 lists the weight limitations
for cargo parachutes used with airdrop platform loads.
TYPES
2-10. The following cargo parachutes are used when loads are rigged for lowvelocity airdrop.
a. G-11B Cargo Parachute. The parachute has a 100-foot-diameter
canopy. It has 120 suspension lines (35-foot, type III nylon cord). The apex
vent lines have been pulled down with a type V nylon webbing center line. The
parachute has four 2-second cutters. When packed, the assembly weighs
250 pounds.
b. G-11C Cargo Parachute. This is the same parachute as the G-11B
except this parachute has two 2-second cutters with two reusable reefing
lines.
c. G-12E Cargo Parachute. This parachute has a 64-foot-diameter
canopy. It has sixty-four 51-foot, type IV braided nylon cord suspension
lines. The bridle loop has been pulled down with a type V nylon webbing
center line. When packed, the assembly weighs 125 pounds.
2-18
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-5. General Weight Limitations for Cargo Parachutes
*Suspended Weight in Pounds
Parachutes
Minimum
Maximum
2,270
5,001
10,001
15,001
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
20,001
25,001
30,001
35,001
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
501
2,270
2200
3,500
G-11B
1
2
3
4
G-11C
5
6
7
8
G-12E*
1
2
* Suspended weight in pounds is the total rigged weight less the weight of the cargo
parachutes.
2-19
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
RISER EXTENSIONS
2-11. Cargo parachutes are used singularly or in a cluster. When parachutes
are used in a cluster, the risers of each parachute are lengthened so the
canopies remain almost vertical as they descend to increase the effectiveness
of each canopy. The length of a riser extension and the number of stows used in
stowing the extensions are given in Table 2-6.
Table 2-6. Riser Requirements for G-11B, G-11C, and G-12E Cargo Parachute Clusters
Number of
Parachutes
in Cluster
Length of Riser
Extension (feet)
Number of
Extension Stows
Type XXVI Nylon
Webbing Slings
2
20
2
20-foot (2-loop)
3 or 4
60
8
60-foot (3-loop)
5 to 8
120
16
120-foot (2-loop)
Notes:
1. All riser extensions must be continuous type XXVI nylon slings and have identical
riser extensions and each must be of the same length.
2. For proper stowing procedures for G-11B, G-11C, and G-12E, see Chapter 3 .
3. G-12E has three stows.
2-20
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section VI
Parachute Restraint System
USE
2-12. A parachute restraint system, consisting of one to three restraint straps
and one or more parachute release straps, is used on all airdrop platform loads
rigged with two or more cargo parachutes. Installation procedures are the same
for the G-11B and G-11C, or G-12E cargo parachutes.
DESCRIPTION
2-13. When the force is transferred from the extraction parachute to the
deployment line, it pulls on the clevis to which the release strap is secured. This
pulls the knife on the release strap to cut the restraint strap and allows the
cargo parachutes to deploy. Parachute restraint straps are made from lengths of
one of the types of webbing shown in Figure 2-7.
1
2
Note: One parachute is restrained with type III nylon cord.
1
Restraint straps made from lengths of type VIII nylon webbing are used to restrain two to
five cargo parachutes. The ends of these straps are tied to the load or platform.
2
Restraint straps made from lengths of type X nylon webbing are used to restrain six to eight
cargo parachutes. Each end of these straps is hooked to a tiedown clevis with a D-ring
and a load binder.
Note: The number and type of parachute restraint straps to be used on a
particular load may be found in the specific rigging manual.
Figure 2-7. Webbing Used for Parachute Restraint Straps
2-21
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section VII
Extraction System
USE
2-14. The extraction system is made up of the extraction parachute, the
extraction lines and the Extraction Force Transfer Coupling (EFTC). The
system is bolted to the airdrop platform and is used to pull the load from the
aircraft. For airdrop, the load exits through the cargo ramp and door of the
aircraft. The extraction force is then transferred to the deployment line of the
cargo parachute.
COMPONENTS
2-15. The components of the EFTC used on low-velocity airdrop loads are shown
in Figure 2-8.
2
4
1
6
7
3
8
10
1
Cable assembly (12-, 16-, 20-, 24-, or 28-foot)
2
Latch assembly
3
Coupling link assembly
4
Latch connector assembly
5
Adapter link assembly
6
Quick-release pins (pip pins)
7
Actuator assembly
8
Actuator mounting bracket
9
Locking pin
10 Actuator arm extension pin (C-5 aircraft only)
Figure 2-8. Components of EFTC
2-22
5
9
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
OPERATION
2-16. The EFTC is used for low-velocity airdrop and how it operates is described
below.
a. After the extraction parachute has deployed, it pulls on the coupling
link assembly or the adapter link assembly (Items 3 and 5, Figure 2-8) and
pulls the load from the aircraft.
b. The arm of the actuator assembly (Item 7, Figure 2-8) rides on top of
the rail. In the C-5 aircraft the actuator arm extension pin rides on top of the
left rail in the aircraft. When the actuator has been pulled clear of the rails,
the arm of the actuator rotates downward and pulls on the cable (Item 1, Figure
2-8) hooked to the catch inside the latch assembly (Item 2, Figure 2-8). This
causes the catch to release the coupling link assembly.
c. The extraction parachute then pulls on the deployment line which, in
turn, breaks or cuts the parachute restraint. The extraction force then deploys
the recovery parachute(s).
2-23
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section VIII
Release Assemblies
USE
2-17. The cargo parachute release assembly separates the parachute (s) from the
load when the load touches the ground. The separation reduces the chance of the
wind dragging or overturning the load.
DESCRIPTION
2-18. The M-1 or the M-2 is used when a platform load is rigged for low-velocity
airdrop. The automatic cargo release is used on some Navy and Air Force loads.
a. The M-1 Airdrop Cargo Parachute Release. This release is used
with rigged loads weighing up to 15,000 pounds suspended.
b. The M-2 Airdrop Cargo Parachute Release. The M-2 release is
similar to the M-1 release. The M-2 release is used on loads weighing up to
42,000 pounds suspended.
c. The Automatic Cargo Release (Not for Army Use). The automatic
cargo release is a two-piece unit that operates on a load-tension activated
hydraulic arming delay principal. It has no internal maintenance or repair.
The automatic cargo release is used on loads weighing up to 2,500 pounds
suspended. The complete description of the automatic cargo release is in
Chapter 3, Section VI.
Note: Specific rigging manuals will specify which release is used.
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
2-19. The M-1 and M-2 releases are inspected and maintained as outlined in
TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2. See the TM for specifics on inspection
and maintenance.
OPERATION
2-20. The operation of the airdrop cargo parachute release is given below.
The Airdrop Cargo Parachute Release. The release works when the load
touches the ground and upper suspension link tilts or moves to the side. When
the release tilts, the parachutes are released from the load. Figure 2-9 shows
how the release operates.
2-24
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Note: The face plate has been removed to aid in identification.
3
1
2
4
6
5
1
As the cargo parachute deploys, the arming wire lanyard is pulled.
2
The safety tie is broken and the arming wire is pulled from the timer.
3
The timer delays from 12 to 16 seconds. This delay allows the load to stabilize itself under
the parachute.
4
When the timer winds down, it retracts its keys from the slots in the release.
5
When the keys are retracted from their slots, the timer is free to fall within the release.
6
As the timer falls, it frees the toggle and upper suspension link.
Figure 2-9. Typical Operation of the M1 and M2 Cargo Parachute Release
2-25
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
7
8
7
When the load descends, the normal upright position of the M-1 release keeps the parachute
connectors in place. As the load touches the ground, the upper suspension link tilts and
allows the parachute connectors to pull free.
8
The released parachute stretches the dragline until the release drags to one side of the load.
Then the dragline breaks.
Figure 2-9. Typical Operation of the M1 and M2 Cargo Parachute Release (Continued)
2-26
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section IX
Extraction Parachutes And Extraction Line
CARGO EXTRACTION PARACHUTES
2-21. A cargo extraction parachute is placed on every airdrop platform load to
pull the load out of the aircraft. The extraction system is rigged up by Air Force
personnel after the load is in the aircraft.
a. The 15-Foot Parachute. This extraction parachute has a 15-footdiameter, flat circular ring-slot nylon canopy. It is also used as a drogue
parachute.
b. The 22-Foot Parachute. This extraction parachute has a 22-footdiameter, flat circular ring-slot nylon canopy.
c. The 28-Foot Parachute. This extraction parachute has a 28-footdiameter, flat circular, ring-slot nylon canopy.
INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND PACKING
2-22. Cargo extraction parachutes are inspected, maintained, and packed as
outlined in TM 10-1670/TO 13C5 series manuals. See the specific TM for
more information on inspecting, maintaining, and packing these parachutes.
The 22-foot extraction deployment bag modification procedures are located in
TM 10-1670-286-20.
REQUIREMENTS
2-23. Every rigging manual states the number and type of cargo extraction
parachutes and the extraction line to be used on a particular load. However,
when changes are made to an accompanying load or variations in rigging are
made, the extraction parachute requirement must be determined.
a. Low Velocity Airdrop. Use Table 2-7 as a guide for determining the
cargo extraction parachute. Use Table 2-8 as a guide for determining extraction
line requirements for the C-130, C-141, and C-17 aircraft. Use Table 2-9 for
determining extraction line requirements for the C-5 aircraft. Table 2-10 shows
the MC-130 aircraft extraction drogue parachute and extraction drogue line
requirements.
2-27
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-7. Extraction Parachute Requirements for C-130, C-141, C-17, and C-5 Aircraft
Extraction Load Range
Cargo Extraction Parachute
2,520-8,000
15-Foot
7,000-17,500
22-Foot
16,000-30,000
28-Foot
28,000-42,000
Two 28-Foot
Notes:
1. The maximum load that may be extracted over the ramp of a C-130 aircraft during
airdrop is 25,000 pounds for aircraft with a serial number (tail number) of 62-1783 or
lower and 42,000 pounds for aircraft with a tail number of 61-2358, 62-1784 and higher.
2. The maximum load extracted over the ramp of a C-141 is 38,500 pounds. During
contingency (wartime), with Air Force Major Command (MAJCOM) approval, the
maximum platform weight may be increased to 42,000 pounds.
3. When the extraction weight falls into the load range of two parachutes, the larger
extraction parachute should be used.
4. The minimum total rigged weight (includes the weight of the cargo parachutes) for
loads to be airdropped from all aircraft is 2,520 pounds.
2-28
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-8. Extraction Line Requirements for C-130, C-141, and C-17 Aircraft
Extraction
Parachute
C-130
C-141
C-17
15-Foot
1-Loop 60-Foot
1-Loop 160-Foot
1-Loop 160-Foot
22-Foot
3-Loop 60-Foot
3-Loop 140-Foot
3-Loop 140-Foot
28-Foot
3-Loop 60-Foot
3-Loop 140-Foot
3-Loop 140-Foot
Two 28-Foot
6-Loop 60-Foot
6-Loop 120-Feet
6-Loop 140-Foot
Note 3
Notes:
1. All extraction lines, except for the C-17 drogue line must be packed in an extraction
line bag according to TM 10-1670-286-20/TO 13C5-2-41.
2. A 15-foot extraction parachute is used as a drogue with a 1-loop 60-foot type XXVI
extraction line used as a drogue line.
3. A 120-foot extraction line may be used for loads placed no further forward than
fuselage station 680 (C-17 only).
4. All extraction lines are type XXVI nylon webbing.
2-29
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-9. Extraction Line Requirements for C-5 Aircraft
Extraction Parachute
Fuselage Station
Extraction Line
15-Foot
1187-1971
1-Loop 160-Foot
22-Foot
1427-1971
3-Loop 140-Foot
22-Foot
707-1426
3-Loop 140-Foot+3-Loop 60-Foot
28-Foot
1427-1971
3-Loop 140-Foot
28-Foot
707-1426
3-Loop 140-Foot+3-Loop 60-Foot
Two 28-Foot
1667-1971
6-Loop 120-Foot
Two 28-Foot
947-1666
6-Loop 120-Foot+6-Loop 60-Foot
Two 28-Foot
574-947
6-Loop 120-Foot+6-Loop 120 Foot
Notes:
1. The length of the extraction line will be determined upon positioning the load in the
aircraft.
2. When connecting extraction lines, the shortest line will be attached to the extraction
parachute (s).
3. The most forward fuselage station on which the aft edge of the airdrop platform
shall be positioned is based on the length of the extraction line. The above
limitations shall not be exceeded. The actuator arm of the EFTC must not be
positioned forward of fuselage station 574.
2-30
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. Low Velocity Airdrop Using the Towplate from the MC-130
Aircraft. Use Table 2-10 as a guide for determining the extraction/drogue
parachute and extraction/drogue line needed for low-velocity platform airdrop
from tow plate equipped C-130/MC-130 aircraft. See Table 2-11 for the link and
tie requirements to connect the 15-foot drogue parachute to the drogue
extraction line.
Table 2-10. Extraction/Drogue Parachute and Extraction/Drogue Line Requirements for LowVelocity Airdrop using the Towplate from the MC-130 Aircraft
Extracted
L o a d Ra n g e
(pounds)
M a in
Extraction
Parachute
M a in
Extraction
L ine
Drogue
Parachute
Drogue Line
2,520-8,000
(4)
15-ft
1-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
15-ft
1-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
7,000-17,500
(2,4)
22-ft
3-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
15-ft
1-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
16,000-30,000
(2,4)
28-ft
3-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
15-ft
1-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
28,000-35,000
(3)
Two 28-ft
6-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
15-ft
1-loop, type
XXVI , 60-ft
Notes:
1. When the extracted weight falls into the load range of two parachutes, the larger
extraction parachute should be used.
2. The 22-foot and 28-foot extraction parachute and the 3-loop, type XXVI, 60-foot
extraction line will be rigged according to TM 10-1670-286-20/TO 13C5-2-41.
3. Two 28-foot main extraction parachutes and the 6-loop, type XXVI, 60-foot
extraction line will be rigged according to TM 10-1670-286-20/TO 13C5-2-41.
4. All extraction lines and drogue extraction lines except the drogue lines used in the
C-17 must be in line bags in accordance with TM 10-1670-286-20/TO 13C5-2-41
2-31
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-11. Link and Tie Requirements for Parachutes
C-130, C-141, and C-5 Aircrafts
2-32
Parachute
L ink
T ie
15-foot
3 3/4-inch, two-point
1 turn single of type I ,
1/4-inch cotton webbing
22-foot
3 3/4-inch, two-point
1 turn single of type I ,
1/4-inch cotton webbing
One 28-foot
5 1/2-inch, two point
1 turn double of type I ,
1/4-inch cotton webbing
Two 28-foot
Four-point
1 turn single of type I I I
nylon cord
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 2-11. Link and Tie Requirements for Parachutes (Continued)
C-17 Aircraft
Parachute
L ink
T ie
*15-foot drogue
3 3/4-inch, two-point
1 turn single of type I ,
1/4-inch cotton webbing
1 turn single of 1/2-inch
tubular nylon
Note: When used in
sequential airdrop, safety
tie the two- point link
with type III nylon cord.
15-foot extraction
3 3/4-inch, two-point
22-foot extraction
3 3/4-inch, two-point
1 turn single of type I I I
nylon cord
28-foot extraction
5 1/2-inch, two-point
1 turn single of type I I I
nylon cord
Two 28-foot extraction
four-point
1 turn single of 1/2-inch
tubular nylon
* The bag closing ties for the 15-foot drogue parachute with a 60-foot 1-loop drogue line
will be one turn double ticket number 5 cord. A 3 3/4-inch, two-point link is used to
connect the drogue line to the drogue parachute. Use one turn single, 1/4-inch cotton
webbing to secure the link to the drogue parachute. Pass the 1/4-inch cotton webbing
through the link and the top and bottom bag closing loops on the grommet side of the
bag and secure with a surgeon’s knot and locking knot.
2-33
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Figure 2-10. C-5 Aircraft Extraction Parachute and Extraction Line Requirements
2-34
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
EXTRACTION LINE PANEL
2-24. The extraction line panel, as shown in Figures 2-11 and 2-12, is used to
store the extraction lines. Extraction line panels shown in Figure 2-13 are used
to store the extraction lines when used in conjunction with towplate
operations. Stow the different extraction lines in the extraction line bag
according to TM 10-1670-286-20/TO 13C5-2-41.
Figure 2-11. Outside View of Extraction Line Panel
2-35
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
STOW LOOPS
BODY
(INSIDE)
STOW LOOPS
Figure 2-12. Inside View of Extraction Line Panel
2-36
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Figure 2-13. Extraction Line Panel for Tow Plate Operations
2-37
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section X
Transportation of Rigged Loads
RESPONSIBILITIES
2-25. The using unit is responsible for coordinating transportation of the rigged
load from the rigging site to the aircraft. To prevent damage, loads must be
lashed to the transporting vehicle and protected during transport. The
transporting force must ensure that the off-loading equipment is compatible
with the aircraft to be used.
TYPICAL LOADING AND TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT
2-26. Some of the equipment that may be used to load and transport rigged loads
is listed below.
a. Materials-Handling Equipment. If a loading ramp is not available to
use in loading the rigged load onto the transporting vehicle, the load is hoisted
aboard the vehicle. The materials-handling equipment used to hoist the loads
may include but not limited to the 5-ton wrecker, the 10,000- or 15,000-poundcapacity warehouse crane, or the 15,000-pound-capacity forklift truck.
b. Transporting Vehicle. Any standard military truck or semitrailer
with sufficient cargo space and payload capacity can be modified to
transport a rigged load from the loading area to the cargo aircraft.
However, not all military trucks are compatible with the cargo-loading
system of all types of cargo aircraft now in use. Rigged platform loads
require straight-in loading over a horizontally positioned ramp from a
truck, a forklift, a flatbed, or a cargo loader.Consequently, this may
require transfer of the rigged load at the aircraft site before it is offloaded into the cargo aircraft. The following types of materials-handling
equipment can be used to transport and/or off-load platform loads:
(1) The 6- or 10-ton cargo semitrailer can transport loads rigged on
airdrop platforms.
(2) The 25,000-pound-capacity cargo loader can move the maximum
weight of 25,000 pounds up a 3-percent incline at 15 miles per hour. It can be
used for loading all aircraft.
(3) The 40,000-pound-capacity cargo loader can move the maximum
weight of 40,000 pounds up a 3-percent incline at 15 miles per hour.
(4) The 60,000-pound-capacity cargo loader (the Tunner) can move the
maximum weight of 60,000 pounds up a 3-percent incline at 15 miles per hour.
(5) The model M172 (lowboy) semitrailer can load C-130 and C-141
aircraft. Any similar vehicle can be used if its loading floor meets the cargo
floor heights of the aircraft. For C-130 aircraft, this is 39 to 42 inches. For
C-141 aircraft, this is 48 to 52 inches.
2-38
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Chapter 3
Procedural Information
Section I
Platform And Honeycomb Preparation
INSPECTING PLATFORM
3-1. The platform must be inspected as outlined below.
Type V Platform. Inspect, or assemble and inspect, the type V airdrop
platform as outlined in TM 10-1670-268-20&P/TO 13C7-52-22.
SUSPENDING PLATFORM LOADS
3-2. Platform loads must be suspended as outlined below.
Type V Platform. The suspension points for a platform-suspended load
on a type V platform are the suspension bracket assembly holes. The emergency
aft restraint holes are provided in the tandem link only. The suspension bracket
assembly as shown in Figure 3-1, can be positioned at various points along a
platform rail.
SUSPENSION HOLE FOR
LARGE CLEVIS
SUSPENSION BRACKET ASSEMBLY
Figure 3-1. Tandem Link and Suspension Bracket Assembly
3-1
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
However, their positioning is limited by the fact that the bolt hole configuration
of the platform side rails only allows the suspension bracket assembly to be
secured within the 2-foot panels of the platform. Every panel assembly has a
four-bolt configuration on each side. These four bolts are designated as platform
clevis points. The suspension bracket assembly can be positioned within the bolt
configuration of a panel as shown in Figure 3-2. A reference hole “B” is used to
show the appropriate position of the suspension bracket assembly as shown in
Figures 3-1 and 3-2. The direction of the suspension bracket assembly is
determined by matching reference hole “B” with the prescribed platform clevis
number and placing the suspension bracket assembly in the direction where it
can be secured within the same panel bolt configuration. Figure 3-3 shows the
suspension bracket assemblies installed. Table 3-1 shows the maximum
allowable suspended weights for the four-point and centerline suspension
systems. Figure 3-4 details the centerline suspension system.
MAXIMUM FORWARD
POSITION OF SUSPENSION
BRACKET WITHIN A PANEL
MAXIMUM AFT POSITION
OF SUSPENSION BRACKET
WITHIN A PANEL
Figure 3-2. Bolt Configuration of a Panel
3-2
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
Remove the tandem link on the front of the right platform rail.
2
Remove the required bushings, as given in the specific rigging manual, from the bushing
holes in the right rail.
3
Insert a suspension bracket assembly on the front end of the right rail. Slide the bracket
assembly along the rail until the holes in the bracket assembly align with the required rail
holes. Bolt the bracket assembly in place with the bushing bolts. Reinstall the required
bushings and bolts.
4
Remove the required bushings, as given in the rigging manual, from the bushing holes in
the right rail.
5
Insert a suspension bracket assembly on the rear of the right rail. Slide the bracket
assembly along the rail until the holes in the bracket assembly align with the required rail
holes. Bolt the bracket assembly in place with the bushing holes. Reinstall the required
bushings and bolts.
6
Install two suspension bracket assemblies on the left rail, adapting the procedures in steps 1
through 5 above.
7
Reinstall the tandem link assembly from step 1
Figure 3-3. Suspension Bracket Assemblies Installed
3-3
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 3-1. Maximum Allowable Suspended Weights for the Four-Point and Centerline Suspension
Systems
Four-Point Suspension System
The following table lists the maximum allowable suspended weights along with the suspension
bracket assembly and/or tandem link position. All links positioned along the most forward and
aft panels will be tandem links. All other positions along the platform side rail will use the
suspension bracket assembly.
Platform Length
(feet)
Suspension/Tandem Link
Positions
(platform clevis numbers)
Maximum Suspended
Weight (pounds)
8
3, 3A , 14, 14A
14,250
12
3, 3A , 22, 22A
14,000
16
3, 3A , 30, 30A
9,300
16
8, 8A , 25, 25A
26,000
20
8, 8A , 33, 33A
19,000
Centerline Suspension System
The centerline suspension system consists of eight suspension bracket assemblies, four of which
form a bridge on each side of the platform in the center and six suspension slings. Figure 3-4
details the configuration. The following table lists the maximum suspended weights along with
the position of the suspension bracket assemblies on the platform rails.
Platform Length
(feet)
Suspension/Tandem Link
Positions
(platform clevis numbers)
Maximum Suspended
Weight (pounds)
20
5, 5A , 36, 36A
17, 17A , 24, 24A
25,000
24
8, 8A , 41, 41A
20, 20A , 29, 29A
40,000
28
8, 8A , 49, 49A
24, 24A , 33, 33A
36,000
32
8, 8A , 57, 57A
28, 28A , 37, 37A
23,000
Note: All maximum suspended weights can be higher with specific loads which
increase the rigidity of the platform. Methods that differ from the suspension systems described above are given in the specific rigging manuals.
3-4
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Figure 3-4. Centerline Suspension System Shown on a 32-Foot Platform
3-5
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
PREPARING THE TYPE V PLATFORM
3-3. The platform must be prepared by attaching clevises, tandem links or
suspension bracket assemblies according to the specific rigging manual. Figure
3-5 gives an example of how to bolt the clevises to the bushings in the platform
side rails and how to number them.
TIEDOWN
RINGS C D
B
A
TIEDOWN ROW
B
RINGS
ROW
B1
A
A1
REAR
SINGLE CLEVIS
FRONT
INVERTED CLEVIS
DOUBLE CLEVIS
TRIPLE CLEVIS
Step:
1. Bolt the tandem links and suspension bracket assemblies to the platform side rails, if needed.
2. Bolt the clevises to the bushings in the platform rails as shown in the specific rigging manual.
3. Bolt clevises (when needed) to the bushings in the tandem links and suspension bracket
assemblies.
4. Starting at the front of the platform, number the clevises bolted to the right side beginning with
1 and those bolted to the left side beginning with 1A.
5. Starting at the front of the platform, number the two tiedown rings in the panels A and B from
right to left. Label the four tiedown rings in the last panel A, B, C, and D from right to left.
Starting with the first panel, number the tiedown rings beginning with 1 from front to rear.
Notes:
1. The single clevis is sometimes installed in an inverted manner if the specific rigging
manual calls for it.
2. One clevis is sometimes installed on an existing clevis. This is called a double clevis.
3. Two clevises attached to an inverted clevis is called a triple clevis. The two clevises
will be numbered as two separate clevises. Do not number the inverted clevis.
Figure 3-5. Type V Platform Prepared
3-6
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
BUILDING HONEYCOMB STACKS
3-4. Honeycomb stacks must be prepared according to the specific rigging
manual. Honeycomb is used to absorb the landing shock. Figure 3-6 shows
a typical honeycomb stack.
Note: When honeycomb stacks are longer than
96 inches or wider than 36 inches, alternate the
layers to build a solid, cohesive stack.
3
3
1
3
2
4
1
Lumber
2
Plywood
3
Cutouts or notches
4
Layers of honeycomb
Note: Glue the layers of the stack together.
Figure 3-6. Typical Honeycomb Stack
3-7
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
PLACING HONEYCOMB STACKS
3-5. Honeycomb stacks must be set on the platform according to
instructions in the specific rigging manual. Figure 3-7 shows a typical
placement of honeycomb stacks on a type V platform.
STACK 5
STACK 4
STACK 3
STACK 2
STACK 1
REAR
FRONT
2
1
FRONT PLATFORM ATTACHMENT
1
Place the honeycomb stacks on the platform according to instructions in the specific rigging
manual.
Note: Do not glue the stacks to the platform.
2
Number the stacks from front to rear in a numerical sequence with 1 at the front of the
platform.
Figure 3-7. Typical Placement of Honeycomb Stacks on Platform
3-8
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
DRIVE-OFF AID AIRDROP
3-6. The drive-off aid may be used with the HMMWV, 2 1/2-ton truck, and the
5-ton, 900-series truck. The drive-off aid, showing the front and rear platform
attachment, (Figure 3-8), consists of a fabric track constructed of type X
webbing sewn into a ladder-type configuration. The system is placed on two of
the identified vehicle’s tires and attached to the type V platform tiedown rings
with a tiedown clevis or type V webbing. There are two tracks to each system.
Each track is 30 feet long and 22 inches wide and weighs 21 pounds. When
powered up, the vehicle (with tiedown assemblies removed), will progressively
wrap the webbed ladder around the two tires (using the platform for leverage)
and pull itself clear of the honeycomb and platform. Figure 3-9 shows the driveoff aid installed on the vehicle wheels.
REAR PLATFORM ATTACHMENT
Note: If the vehicle is to be driven off the rear of the platform, attach the drive-off
aid to the outside tiedown rings on each side with a type V tie-down clevis.
FRONT PLATFORM ATTACHMENT
Note: If the vehicle is to be driven off the front of the platform, tie a length of type V
nylon webbing or 1-inch tubular nylon webbing from the second bushing of the front
tandem link, through the end loop of the drive-off aid, and through the nearest
tie-down ring. When attaching the drive-off aid to the type V platform using type
V webbing, tie the free ends with a ring bend knot as shown in Figure 1-3. Tie the
drive-off aid to tie-down rings or platform bushings with type I, 1 1/4-inch cotton
webbing.
Figure 3-8. Installing Drive-off Aids on Platform
3-9
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Note: Wrap the drive-off aid around the wheel of the vehicle on each side as shown
in the manual for that vehicle. Wrap the drive-off aid around the wheel until the
webbing lays flat on the platform, but is not under tension. Tie the drive-off aid to
adjacent tie-down rings or platform bushings on each side with type I, 1/4-inch
cotton webbing.
Figure 3-9. Installing Drive-off Aids on Wheel of Vehicle
3-10
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section II
Accompanying Load And Drop Items
STOWING ACCOMPANYING LOADS
3-7. Each specific rigging manual contains the weight limitations, placement,
and any additional restrictions on accompanying loads. Exact instructions for
lashing the accompanying load are given in the specific rigging manual.
1.
CAUTIONS
Only ammunition listed in FM 10-500-53/
MCRP 4-3.8/TO 13C7-18-41 may be rigged for
airdrop.
2. Hazardous materials must be packaged,
marked, and labeled as required by AFJMAN
24-204/TM 38-250.
3. At least two layers of honeycomb must be
placed under all ammunition rigged for
airdrop unless the specific rigging manual
states differently.
PREPARING DROP ITEMS
3-8. Some items need to be prepared for rigging. This preparation can include
removing, reinforcing, stowing, and securing components. Detailed preparation
instructions will be included in the specific rigging manual.
COVERING LOAD
3-9. Covers may be needed to protect the load and keep the suspension slings
from fouling. To keep the load from being damaged by falling hardware such as
parachute releases, it may be necessary to cover portions of the load with
honeycomb or cloth protectors. If a cover is needed, the specific rigging manual
will include this information and the procedures for its installation.
3-11
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section III
Suspension Slings And Lashings
ATTACHING SLINGS
3-10. The specific rigging manual includes the length and loops of suspension
slings needed and the method used to connect them to the platform or drop
item. When suspension slings must be joined to form a longer suspension
sling, a two-point link may be used. Attach suspension slings to the suspension
bracket assembly or tandem links using large suspension clevises.
CAUTION
The nuts must be tight enough to keep
them from loosening during transport and
airdrop.
SAFETY TIEING SLINGS
3-11. Safety tieing the suspension slings keeps them from entangling with the
load. Safety tie the slings according to the instructions given in the specific
rigging manual for the particular load. Safety tie all suspension slings with a
deadman’s tie as shown in Figure 3-10.
CAUTION
This tie must be located between 6 and 8
inches above the top of the load or as directed
in the specific rigging manual.
1
2
2
1
Cut two lengths of 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing, making each long enough to encircle all
slings plus 8 feet. Mark the lengths of webbing at their centers. Pass an end of both pieces of
webbing through the center plies of the right front sling until the marks reach the sling.
2
Pass the running end of each length around the inboard side. Tie it on the outboard side
with a surgeon’s knot, a locking knot, and an overhand knot in the running ends.
Figure 3-10. Safety Tieing Slings with a Deadman’s Tie
3-12
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
5
3
4
5
6
6
3
Pass one running end to the left front sling, through the center plies, around the inside of
the plies to the outside. Tie it to the inside of the plies with three alternating half hitches
and an overhand knot in the running end.
4
Repeat step 3 for the right rear sling.
5
Run both ends of the webbing through the center plies of the left rear sling and around the
inboard side of the sling to the outboard side. Safety tie it with a surgeon’s knot, a locking
knot, and an overhand knot in the free ends.
6
Tape the webbing to the slings.
7
When using four-loop, type XXVI suspension slings, wrap each four plies with a 10- by 10inch piece of cotton muslin. Secure each wrap with one single turn of 1/4-inch cotton
webbing. (Not shown)
Note: Make sure the safety tie allows the slings to suspend in their natural position.
Figure 3-10. Safety Tieing Slings with a Deadman’s Tie (Continued)
3-13
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
FITTING D-RINGS
3-12. Fit a D-ring to the end of each tiedown strap as shown in Figure 3-11.
LASHING LOAD
3-13. Lash a low-velocity airdrop load to the platform according to the
instructions in the specific rigging manual. Install the lashings as shown in
Figures 3-12 and 3-13. When a load is rigged for which there is no specific
rigging manual, lashings must provide restraint to withstand extraction,
recovery, and ground impact forces. Airdrop loads that do not have specific
rigging procedures must be restrained to the airdrop platform to the following
criteria: 3Gs forward, 2.25 Gs aft, 1.5 Gs lateral, and 2 Gs vertical. The total
force that is necessary to restrain a load in a given direction is determined by
multiplying the weight of the load times the specific G value for that restraint
direction. Lashing effective strength is determined as shown in Table 2-4.
1
2
4
3
1
Run the free end of the tiedown strap through the large opening in the D-ring.
2
Run the strap around and through the small opening in the D-ring.
3
Run the strap back through the large opening in the D-ring.
4
Pull the strap taut.
Figure 3-11. D-Ring Fitted to Tiedown Strap
3-14
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Do not tighten the lashings so tight that
they cause the platform to bow especially in
the aircraft.
3
3
3
1
5
4
2
1
Pass the free end of one tiedown strap through a clevis on the right rail and through its own
D-ring. Pull the strap taut.
2
Run the free end of the strap up over the load.
3
Pass the free end of a second tiedown strap through a clevis on the left rail and through its
own D-ring. Pull the strap taut.
4
Run the free end of the strap up over the load.
5
Fit a D-ring on the free end of each strap as described in Figure 3-11, and place the D-rings
on the hooks of a load binder. Safety the binder handle closed as shown in Figure 3-14.
Notes:
1. When the tiedown strap length is not a factor, it is permissible to use a single
tiedown strap and D-ring with a load binder attached directly to a side rail
clevis or tiedown ring.
2. Pad all sharp edges that may touch the strap with cellulose wadding or other
suitable material.
Figure 3-12. Single Line Lashing
3-15
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
3
2
1
1
Pass the free end of a tiedown strap through a clevis on a rail and up and over, around, or
through the indicated tiedown provision on the load. The tiedown provision will be listed in
the specific rigging manual for a particular load. Run the strap back toward the clevis.
2
Fit a D-ring to the free end of the strap (Figure 3-11), and place the D-rings on the hooks of
a load binder. Close the handle of the load binder pointing toward the platform.
3
Safety the binder handle closed as shown in Figure 3-14.
Figure 3-13. A Looped (Floating Binder) Lashing
3-16
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
SAFETY TIEING LOAD BINDER HANDLES
3-14. Fold the excess tiedown strap, and place the folds alongside the load binder
handle. Safety tie the load binder handle closed as shown in Figure 3-14.
1
2
1
After the handle of the load binder has been closed, fold or roll any excess tiedown strap and
place the folds alongside the load binder handle.
2
Tie the folded webbing to the binder and the binder handle closed with a single length of
type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
Figure 3-14. Load Binder Handle and Excess Webbing Safety Tied
3-17
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
FORMING A 30-FOOT, 45-FOOT, OR GREATER LENGTH TIEDOWN
STRAP
3-15. When needed, attach 15-foot tiedown straps together to form a 30-foot, 45foot, or greater length tiedown strap as shown in Figure 3-15.
1
2
3
4
1
Run the free end of two 15-foot tiedown straps through the D-ring of the opposite strap to
form a 30-foot strap.
2
Pull the straps taut.
3
Install a D-ring on a free end of the 30-foot strap. Pass the free end of a 15-foot tiedown
strap through the installed D-ring and back through its own D-ring to form a 45-foot or
greater strap.
4
Insert a 2- by 5-inch piece of 1/2-inch felt around the installed D-ring.
Note: Make sure the felt is centered around the installed D-ring.
Figure 3-15. A 30-Foot, 45-Foot, or Greater Length Tiedown Strap Formed
3-18
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section IV
Cargo Parachutes
RISER EXTENSIONS
3-16. The risers of a cluster of cargo parachutes used on low-velocity airdrop
loads must be extended (lengthened). The length of the extension needed for the
cluster is given in Table 2-6.
a. Forming Extensions. Only continuous riser extensions may be used.
b. Bolting Extensions to Risers. Bolt the riser extension to the risers of
a cargo parachute as shown in Figure 3-16.
3-19
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
1
3
4
1
Slip a clevis cover on one end of a riser extension.
2
Fit the sling on the bolt of the clevis running through the parachute risers.
CAUTION
The nuts must be tight enough to keep them from
loosening during transport and airdrop.
3
Slide the clevis cover up over the bolt of the clevis, and tie the cover in place with a length of
type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Pass the tie through the grommets of the cover.
4
Tie the clevis to the left bag carrying handle with one double length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton
webbing.
Figure 3-16. Riser Extension Bolted to Risers
3-20
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
STOWING RISER EXTENSIONS
3-17. The riser extensions for the parachutes must be stowed as given below.
a. G12-E Cargo Parachute. Stow the riser extension of a G-12E cargo
parachute as shown in Figure 3-17.
b. G-11B or G-11C Cargo Parachute. Stow the riser extensions of a
G-11B or G-11C cargo parachute as shown in Figures 3-18 and 3-19.
1
2
3
1
Start at the end of the riser extension fitted to the clevis (step 2, Figure 3-16) and S-fold the
extension into the riser extension compartment forming three stows.
2
Leave approximately 3 feet of the free end of the extension outside the riser end of the
compartment.
3
Tie each stow to a riser extension loop with one turn single of type I, 1/4-inch cotton
webbing.
Figure 3-17. Riser Extension of a G-12E Cargo Parachute Stowed
3-21
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
NYLON BAG
1
2
4
5
Note: The nylon deployment bags have the riser extension securing line
permanently attached.
1
Open the riser extension flap which is attached with type I, 1/4-cotton webbing.
2
Start at the end of the riser extension fitted to the clevis and S-fold the extension into
the riser extension compartment.
3
Leave approximately 3 feet of the free end of the extension outside the riser end of the
compartment. (Not shown)
4
Tie each stow to the riser extension securing line with one turn double, type I, 1/4-inch
cotton webbing.
CAUTION
Do not girth hitch the type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing
ties to the riser extension securing line.
5
Close the riser flap according to TM 10-1670-280-23&P/TO 13C5-31-2.
Figure 3-18. Riser Extension Securing Line Installed and Riser Extension Stowed
3-22
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
COTTON BAG
5
2
6
3
4
1
1
Fold an 8-foot length of 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing in half lengthwise. Run the loop in
the folded end through the left carrying handle. Run the free ends of the webbing through
this loop, and pull the webbing taut.
2
Run the webbing across the parachute, passing it through the riser extension retaining
loops (end tabs).
Note: Do not pull the webbing tight across the parachute.
3
Tie the webbing to the left front carrying handle with three alternating half hitches and an
overhand knot in each free running end.
4
Start at the end of the riser extension fitted to the clevis and S-fold the 20-foot extension into
the riser extension compartment.
5
Leave about 3 feet of the free end of the extension outside the riser end of the compartment.
6
Tie each stow to the riser extension securing line with ties of doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton
webbing.
CAUTION
Do not girth hitch the type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing
ties to the riser extension securing line.
Figure 3-18. Riser Extension Securing Line Installed and Riser Extension Stowed (Continued)
3-23
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
20-FOOT RISER EXTENSION STOWED
60-FOOT RISER EXTENSION STOWED
60-FOOT RISER EXTENSION STOWED
120-FOOT RISER EXTENSION STOWED
Figure 3-19. The 20-, 60-, and 120-Foot Riser Extensions Stowed
3-24
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
STOWING CARGO PARACHUTES
3-18. When referring to cargo parachutes, stowing consists of three steps. First,
place the cargo parachutes on the load or on a parachute stowage platform.
Second, cluster the parachutes by tying their deployment bags handles together.
Third, group the bridles of a multiparachute load. Stow the parachutes as
shown in Figures 3-20 through 3-27.
Note: Nylon and cotton bags may be mixed on the same load.
USING DEPLOYMENT LINES
3-19. The correct size and length of the deployment line will be given in each
specific rigging manual. As a rule, use 2-loop, type XXVI nylon slings as
deployment lines. One end of the deployment line is fitted to the coupling link
assembly of the EFTC. The other end of the line is fitted to the bolt of the large
clevis grouping the bridles of a cluster of parachutes.
Note: 4-loop slings may be substituted for 2-loop slings for
deployment lines.
3
2
1
1
Set one parachute on the load or on a parachute stowage platform with the riser
compartment up and with the bridle toward the rear of the platform.
2
Fit a large clevis to the bridle loop.
3
For the nylon bag tie the clevis to the right parachute restraint strap loop with a length of
doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
(Not shown) For the cotton bag tie the clevis to the right bridle attaching loop with a length
of doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-20. One Parachute Stowed
3-25
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
2
4
3
1
4
3
2
1
Set two parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments up and the
bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Tie the inside front and rear cluster attaching loops (hereafter called carrying handles)
together with one turn single of type III nylon cord.
or
1
Stack two parachutes with the riser compartment of the bottom parachute down and
the riser compartment of the top parachute up.
2
Tie the outside front and rear carrying handles together with one turn single of type III
nylon cord.
Note: G-12E cargo parachutes are tied together with the clustering straps on each
corner of the deployment bag or with a single length of type III nylon cord through
the bag carrying handles unless the individual rigging manual states otherwise.
3
Fit the bridle loops on the arms of a large clevis.
4
For the nylon bag tie the clevis to the right parachute restraint strap loop with a length of
doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
For the cotton bag tie the clevis to the right bridle attaching loop with a length of doubled
type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-21. Two Parachutes Stowed
3-26
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
4
3
5
3
3
1
1
Set two parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments down and the
bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Center one parachute on top of the two parachutes in step 1 above with the riser
compartment up.
3
Tie the front and rear carrying handles together with a single length of type III nylon cord.
4
Fit the bridle loops on the arms of a large clevis.
5
For the nylon bag tie the clevis to the top right parachute restraint strap loop with a length
of doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
For the cotton bag tie the clevis to the top right bridle attaching loop with a length of
doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-22. Three Parachutes Stowed
3-27
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
3
5
4
3
3
1
1
Set two parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments down and with
bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Set two parachutes side by side on top of the two parachutes in step 1 above with the riser
compartments up.
3
Tie the four center front and four center rear carrying handles together with a single length
of type III nylon cord. Tie the outside carrying handles together with type III nylon cord.
4
Fit the bridle loops on the arms of a large clevis.
5
For the nylon bag tie the clevis to the top right parachute left parachute restraint strap loop
with a length of doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a surgeon’s knot and a
locking knot. For the cotton bag tie the clevis to the top right parachute’s left bridle
attaching loop with a length of doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure with a
surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-23. Four Parachutes Stowed
3-28
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
1
1
Set three parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments down and
the bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Center two parachutes on top of the three parachutes in step 1 above with the riser
compartments up.
3
Tie the front and rear carrying handles together with a single length of type III nylon cord.
4
Fit the bridles of the left three parachutes on the arms of a large clevis, and fit a
3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the two right parachutes on the arms of a
second clevis, and fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the ends of the two 3-foot slings on
the arms of a third clevis. Tie each clevis to a bridle attaching loop with a double
length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. For the nylon bag tie each clevis to a parachute
restraint strap loop with a length of doubled type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Secure
with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-24. Five Parachutes Stowed
3-29
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
4
5
3
6
5
4
5
6
6
1
1
Set three parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments down and with
the bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Set three parachutes on top of the parachutes in step 1 above with the riser compartments
up.
3
Tie the inside front four carrying handles together with a single length of type III nylon cord
on all the bags. Repeat for the rear four handles.
4
Tie the outside front two and rear two carrying handles together with a single length of type
III nylon cord.
5
Fit the bridles of the left stack of parachutes on the arms of a large clevis, and
fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the center stack of parachutes on the
arms of a second large clevis, and fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the
right stack of parachutes on the arms of a third large clevis, and fit a 3-foot sling on the
clevis bolt. Fit the ends of the 3-foot slings on the arms of a fourth large clevis.
6
For the cotton bag tie each clevis to a bridle attaching loop with a doubled length of
type, I 1/4-inch cotton webbing and secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot. For the
nylon bag tie each clevis to a parachute restraint strap loop with a doubled length of type I,
1/4-inch cotton webbing and secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-25. Six Parachutes Stowed
3-30
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
The front clustering ties MUST NOT interfere with the
deployment of the parachutes.
4
3
TOP PARACHUTE
2
6
2
4
5
4
4
1
MIDDLE
PARACHUTES
2
4
BOTTOM
PARACHUTES
1
5
1
1
Set three parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments down and with
the bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Set three parachutes on top of the parachutes in step 1 above with the riser compartments
up.
3
Set a parachute on top of the center parachutes with the riser compartment up.
4
Tie the inside front four and rear four carrying handles together with lengths of 1/2-inch
tubular nylon webbing. Tie the two outside corners of the middle and bottom parachutes
together with lengths of 1/2-tubular nylon webbing. Tie the top two front and top two rear
parachute carrying handles to the outside carrying handles of the middle parachutes
using 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing.
5
Fit the bridles of the left stack of parachutes on the arms of a large clevis, and fit a 3-foot
sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the center stack of parachutes on the arms of a
second large clevis, and fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the right stack
of parachutes on the arms of a third large clevis, and fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit
the ends of the 3-foot slings on the arms of a fourth large clevis.
6
For the cotton bag tie each clevis to a bridle attaching loop with a doubled length of
type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing and secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot. For
the nylon bag tie each clevis to a parachute restraint strap loop with a doubled length of
type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing and secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-26. Seven Parachutes Stowed
3-31
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
The front clustering ties MUST NOT interfere with the
deployment of the parachutes.
4
2
3
6
6
4
4
2
5
5
2
4
5
4
1
1
Set three parachutes side by side on the load with the riser compartments down and
the bridles toward the rear of the platform.
2
Set three parachutes on top of the parachutes in step 1 above with the riser compartments
up.
3
Set two parachutes on top of the parachutes in step 2 with the riser compartments up.
4
Tie the inside front four and rear four carrying handles of the middle and bottom parachutes
together with lengths of 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing. Tie the two top front and rear
inside carrying handles with lengths of 1/2-tubular nylon webbing. Tie the two outside front
and rear carrying handles of the middle and bottom parachutes with lengths of 1/2-inch
tubular nylon webbing. Tie the top two outside front and rear parachute carrying handles to
the outside front and rear carrying handles of the middle parachutes together using 1/2-inch
tubular nylon webbing.
5
Fit the bridles of the left stack and the left top parachute on the arms of a large clevis, and
fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the center stack of parachutes on the
arms of a second large clevis, and fit a 3-foot sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the bridles of the
right stack and the right top parachute on the arms of a third large clevis, and fit a 3-foot
sling on the clevis bolt. Fit the ends of the 3-foot slings on the arms of a fourth large clevis.
6
For the cotton bag tie each clevis to a bridle attaching loop with a doubled length of
type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing and secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot. For the
nylon bag tie each clevis to a parachute restraint strap loop with a doubled length of type I,
1/4-inch cotton webbing and secure with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-27. Eight Parachutes Stowed
3-32
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
RESTRAINING ONE PARACHUTE
3-20. Restrain one cargo parachute as shown in Figure 3-28.
CAUTION
Be sure that each point to which a restraining tie is
made can withstand a pull of 550 pounds.
1
1
1
Tie each corner carrying handle to a convenient point on the drop item or platform with a
single length of type III nylon cord.
Figure 3-28. One Parachute Restrained
3-33
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
RESTRAINING TWO TO EIGHT PARACHUTES
3-21. The following parachute restraint systems are used to restrain two to
eight cargo parachutes.
a. Two Parachutes. The restraint system for two cargo parachutes
consists of one length of type VIII nylon webbing (restraint strap) and one Vknife as shown in Figures 3-29 and 3-30 or one guillotine-knife parachute
release strap shown in Figures 3-31 and 3-32. Restrain two cargo parachutes as
shown in Figures 3-29 through 3-36.
3
1
2
5
4
1
Run the restraint strap through the center carrying handles on the left side of the
parachutes, up to the top of the parachutes, and through the V-knife. Run the strap down
through the center carrying handles on the right side of the parachutes. Tie the ends of the
restraint strap to the load as described in Figure 3-35.
2
Run one end of a 12-inch length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing behind the bar of the
knife. Continue to run the webbing under the restraint strap.
3
Tie the ends of the webbing together with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot on top.
Note: The safety tie holds the restraint strap to the bar of the knife and keeps
the blade from cutting prematurely.
4
Run the free end of the release strap around the large clevis grouping the bridles and back
up through the friction adapter.
5
Pull the release strap taut. Fold or roll the excess strap, and tape or tie the folds in place.
Note: Be sure the release strap is taut so that the knife will cut the restraint
strap before the extraction force is transferred to the parachute bridles.
Figure 3-29. V-knife Parachute Release Strap Installed on Loads with Two Stacked Parachutes
3-34
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
3
2
4
5
1
Run the restraint strap through the center carrying handle on the left side of the
parachute. Run the restraint strap over the top of the parachute, and down through the left
center carrying handle and through the V-knife. Continue to run the restraint strap up
through the right inside carrying handle. Run the restraint strap over the right parachute
and down through the right outside carrying handle. Tie the ends of the restraint strap to
the load as described in Figure 3-35.
2
Run one end of a 12-inch length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing behind the bar of the
knife. Continue to run the webbing under the restraint strap.
3
Tie the ends of the webbing together with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot on top.
Note: The safety tie holds the restraint strap to the bar of the knife and keeps
the blade from cutting prematurely.
4
Run the free end of the release strap around the large clevis grouping the bridles and back
up through the friction adapter.
5
Pull the release strap taut. Fold or roll the excess strap, and tape or tie the folds in place.
Note: Be sure the release strap is taut so that the knife will cut the restraint
strap before the extraction force is transferred to the parachute bridles.
Figure 3-30. V-knife Parachute Release Strap Installed on Loads with Two Side-by Side Parachutes
3-35
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
1
3
4
5
6
1
Run the restraint strap through the center carrying handles on the left side of the
parachutes, up and across the top of the parachutes, and down through the center carrying
handles on the right side of the parachutes. Tie the restraint strap to the load as described
in Figure 3-35.
2
Close the knife around the restraint strap, knurled nut up. Thread a length of type I, 1/4inch cotton webbing through the safety tie hole. Even the ends of the webbing, and run
them under the restraint strap, and alongside the release knife.
3
Thread the end of the webbing on the left side of the knife rightward behind the bar of the
knife. Thread the other end of webbing left in a like manner.
4
Bring the ends of the webbing up over the top of the bar. Tie the ends of the webbing
together with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
5
Run the free end of the release strap around the large clevis grouping the bridles and back
up through the friction adapter.
6
Pull the release strap taut. Fold or roll the excess strap, and tape or tie the folds in place.
Note: Be sure the release strap is taut so that the knife will cut the restraint
strap before the extraction force is transferred to the parachute bridles.
Figure 3-31. Guillotine-knife Parachute Release Strap Installed on Two Stacked Parachutes
3-36
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
3
2
1
1
Run the restraint strap up through the outside carrying handle of the left parachute, across
the left parachute, down through the inside center carrying handle of the left parachute, up
through the inside center carrying handle of the right parachute, across the right
parachute, and down through the outside center carrying handle of the right parachute. Tie
the restraint strap to the load as described in Figure 3-35.
2
Close the knife around the restraint strap with the knurled nut up, between the inside
carrying handles. Thread a length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing through the safety
tie hole. Even the ends of the webbing, and run them under the restraint strap, and along
side the release knife. Thread the end of the webbing on the left of the knife rightward
behind the bar of the knife. Thread the other end of webbing leftward in a like manner.
Bring the ends of the webbing up over the top of the bar. Tie the ends of the webbing
together with a surgeon’s knot and locking knot as shown in Figure 3-31. Run the
free end of the release strap down through the large clevis grouping the bridles and back up
through the friction adapter as described in Figure 3-31.
3
Pull the release strap taut. Fold or roll the excess strap, and tape or tie the folds in place as
described in Figure 3-31.
Note: Be sure the release strap is taut so that the knife will cut the restraint
strap before the extraction force is transferred to the parachute bridles.
Figure 3-32. Guillotine-knife Parachute Release Strap Installed on Two Side-by-Side Parachutes
3-37
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
2
5
3
1
4
1
Remove guillotine knives number 2 and 3 (Figure 2-3) from each multicut parachute release
straps. Fold the unused loops, and tape the folds in place.
2
Tie the restraint strap to the load as described in Figure 3-35.
3
Close each knife around the restraint strap, with the knurled nut up. Secure as shown in
Figure 3-31.
4
Tie the free end of each release strap to the large clevis grouping the bridles. Use
three alternating half hitches and an overhand knot in each running end. Make sure that
the parachute release straps are not routed under the parachute restraint or parachute
bridles. Make sure that the release straps are shorter than the parachute bridles to ensure
that the deployment force is applied to the strap before the bridles.
5
Fold or roll any excess strap, and tape the folds in place.
Figure 3-33. Multicut Parachute Release Straps Installed on Two Side-by-Side Parachutes
3-38
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
5
1
3
2
4
1
Remove guillotine knives number 2 and 3 (Figure 2-3) from each multicut parachute release
strap. Fold the unused loops, and tape the folds in place.
2
Tie the restraint strap to the load as described in Figure 3-35.
3
Close each knife around the restraint strap, with the knurled nut out between the top and
bottom carrying handles. Secure as shown in Figure 3-31.
4
Tie the free end of each release strap to the large clevis grouping the bridles. Use
three alternating half hitches and an overhand knot in each running end. Make sure that
the parachute release straps are not routed under the parachute restraint or parachute
bridles. Make sure that the release straps are shorter than the parachute bridles to ensure
that the deployment force is applied to the strap before the bridles.
5
Fold or roll any excess strap, and tape the folds in place.
Figure 3-34. Multicut Parachute Release Straps Installed on Two Stacked Parachutes
3-39
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
5
6
1
7
2
3
When the ends are tied together1
Tie a loop in one end of the restraint strap with an overhand knot.
2
Tie a trucker’s hitch a suitable distance from the other end of the restraint strap.
3
Run the free end of the restraint strap through the first loop and then back through the
trucker’s hitch.
4
Pull on the free end until the strap is taut, and tie the free end of the strap with three
alternating half hitches and with an overhand knot in the running end (not shown).
When the ends are tied to the load-
5
Tie a trucker’s hitch a suitable distance in each end of the restraint strap.
6
Run each free end of the strap through or around the indicated point on the load and back
up through the trucker’s hitch.
Note: The indicated point for tying the parachute restraint strap to the load will
be given in the specific rigging manual.
7
Pull on both ends of the restraint strap at the same time. When the strap is taut, tie the
ends with three alternating half hitches and an overhand knot in the running end.
Figure 3-35. Restraint Strap Tied
3-40
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Note: When a stowage platform is used, the
restraint strap runs through the platform.
2
1
4
3
2
2
1
4
4
3
1
Restraint strap
2
Release strap
3
Trucker’s hitch
4
Half hitches and overhand knot
Figure 3-36. Two Parachutes Restrained
3-41
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. Three to Five Parachutes. The restraint system for three to five
cargo parachutes consists of two lengths of type VIII nylon webbing (restraint
strap) and two multicut parachute release straps. Restrain three to
five cargo parachutes as shown in Figures 3-37 through 3-39.
Note: Always use multicut parachute release straps in pairs.
4
3
1
5
2
1
Install the first restraint strap as described in step 1, Figure 3-31.
2
Run the second restraint strap through the outside rear carrying handle of the bottom left
parachute, up through the top left rear carrying handle and both bridle attaching loops of
the top parachute for the cotton bags or through the parachute restraint strap loops for the
nylon bag, and down through the outside rear carrying handles of the top and bottom right
parachute. Tie the restraint strap to the load as described in Figure 3-35.
3
Remove guillotine knife number 3 (Figure 2-3) from each of two multicut parachute release
straps. Fold the unused loops, and tape the folds in place.
4
Close and safety the guillotine knives as in steps 2, 3, and 4, Figure 3-31.
5
Tie the release straps to the large clevis as in steps 4 and 5, Figure 3-34.
Note: Place the knives around the restraint straps between the carrying handles
of the top and bottom parachutes.
Figure 3-37. Three Parachutes Restrained Using Multicut Release Straps
3-42
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Note: Always use multicut release straps in pairs.
3
4
5
1
2
1
Run the restraint strap through the center carrying handles on the left side of the
parachutes. Run the restraint strap over the top of the parachute, and down through the left
inside center carrying handle. Continue to run the restraint strap up through the right
inside center carrying handle. Run the restraint strap over the right parachute and down to
the right outside carrying handles. Tie the ends of the restraint strap to the load
as described in Figure 3-35.
2
Run the second restraint strap through the outside rear carrying handles of the left
parachutes. Run the restraint strap through the bridle attaching loops of the top parachutes
for the cotton bags or through the parachute restraint strap loops for the nylon bag, and
down through the outside rear carrying handles of the right parachutes. Tie the ends of the
restraint strap to the load as described in Figure 3-35.
3
Remove guillotine knife number 3 (Figure 2-3) from each of two multicut parachute release
straps. Fold the unused loops, and tape the folds in place.
4
Close and safety the guillotine knives as in steps 2, 3, and 4, Figure 3-31.
5
Tie the release straps to the large clevis as in steps 4 and 5, Figure 3-34.
Note: Place the knives around the restraint straps between the carrying handles of
the top and bottom parachutes.
Figure 3-38. Four Parachutes Restrained Using Multicut Parachute Release Straps
3-43
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
1
Install the first and second restraint straps and two multicut parachute release straps as
shown in Figure 3-38.
Note: Place the knives around the restraint straps between the carrying handles of
the top and outside bottom parachutes.
Figure 3-39. Five Parachutes Restrained Using Multicut Parachute Release Straps
3-44
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
c. Six, Seven, or Eight Parachutes. The restraint system for six,
seven, or eight cargo parachutes consists of three type X restraint straps, two
multicut parachute release straps, six D-rings, and six load binders. Restrain
six, seven, or eight cargo parachutes as shown in Figures 3-40 through 3-43.
3
1
2
Note: Safety the loadbinders with type III nylon cord.
1
Run the first restraint strap up through the outside center carrying handles of the bottom
left and top left parachutes, across the top parachutes, and down through the outside center
carrying handles of the top and bottom right parachutes.
2
Run the second restraint strap up through the outside rear carrying handles of the bottom
left parachute, up through the top left rear carrying handle and all bridle attaching loops of
the top parachutes for the cotton bags or through the parachute restraint strap loops for the
nylon bag, and down through the outside rear carrying handles of the top and bottom right
parachutes.
3
Run the third restraint strap through the outside front carrying handles of the left bottom
and top parachutes, through the top front inside carrying handles, and down through
the outside front carrying handles of the right top and bottom parachutes.
Figure 3-40. Six Parachutes Restrained
3-45
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
5
1
2
4
6
4
3
1
Run the six ends of the three restraint straps down through the holes in the parachute
stowage platform.
2
Fit a D-ring to each end of the three restraint straps. Hook the D-ring to the clevis
(indicated in the specific rigging manual) with a load binder.
3
Fold or roll all excess straps, and tie the folds to the load binders with type I, 1/4-inch cotton
webbing.
4
Tie the load binders and D-rings to the stowage platform with lengths of type III nylon cord.
5
Close and safety tie the guillotine knives of two multicut parachute release straps as in
steps 2, 3, and 4, Figure 3-31.
6
Tie the release straps to the large clevis as shown in steps 4 and 5, Figure 3-34.
Notes:
1. Place the knives around the restraint straps between the carrying handles of
the top and bottom parachutes.
2. Tie the load binders to a convenient point on the load when there is no
stowage platform.
Figure 3-41. Six Parachutes Restrained Using Multicut Parachute Release Straps
3-46
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
TOP
PARACHUTE
MIDDLE
PARACHUTES
BOTTOM
PARACHUTES
3
1
2
1
Run the first restraint strap up through the outside center carrying handles of the left
bottom, middle, and top parachutes, across the top parachute, and down through the outside
center carrying handles of the top, middle, and bottom right parachutes.
2
Run the second restraint strap up through the outside rear carrying handles of the left
bottom, middle, and top parachutes, and both upper bridle attaching loops for the cotton
bags or through the parachute restraint strap loops for the nylon bags, and down through
the outside rear carrying handles of the top, middle, and bottom right parachutes.
3
Run the third restraint strap through the outside front carrying handles of the left bottom,
middle, and top parachutes. Run the restraint strap across and down through the outside
front carrying handles of the right top, middle, and bottom parachutes.
Figure 3-42. Seven Parachutes Restrained
3-47
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
TOP
PARACHUTE
MIDDLE
PARACHUTES
BOTTOM
PARACHUTES
6
4
5
4
Run the six ends of the three restraint straps down through the holes in the parachute
stowage platform.
5
Secure the ends of the restraint straps as in steps 2 through 4, Figure 3-41.
6
Close and safety tie the knives and tie the release straps as in steps 5 and 6, Figure 3-41.
Notes:
1. Place the knives around the restraint straps between the carrying handles of
the middle and bottom parachutes.
2. Tie the load binders to a convenient point on the load when there is no
stowage platform.
Figure 3-42. Seven Parachutes Restrained (Continued)
3-48
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
TOP
PARACHUTES
MIDDLE
PARACHUTES
BOTTOM
PARACHUTES
3
1
6
4
2
5
1
Run the first restraint strap up through the outside center carrying handles of the left
bottom, middle, and top parachutes, across the top parachutes, and down through the
outside center carrying handles of the top, middle, and bottom right parachutes.
2
Run the second restraint strap up through the outside rear carrying handles of the left
bottom, middle, and top parachutes, and all upper bridle attaching loops for the cotton
bags or through the parachute restraint strap loops for the nylon bags, and down through
the outside rear carrying handles of the top, middle, and bottom right parachutes.
3
Run the third restraint strap through the outside front carrying handles of the left bottom,
middle, and top parachutes. Run the restraint strap across and down through the outside
front carrying handles of the right top, middle, and bottom parachutes.
4
Run the six ends of the three restraint straps down through the holes in the parachute
stowage platform.
5
Secure the ends of the restraint straps as in steps 2 through 4, Figure 3-41.
6
Close and safety tie the knives, and tie the release strap as in steps 5, and 6, Figure 3-41.
Note: Place the knives around the restraint straps between the carrying handles
of the outside middle and bottom parachutes.
Figure 3-43. Eight Parachutes Restrained
3-49
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section V
Extraction System
EXTRACTION FORCE TRANSFER COUPLING
3-22. Inspect, maintain, and test the components of the EFTC extraction system
as outlined in TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2 and this manual.
a. Inspecting and Assembling Components. Before each use, inspect
and assemble the components of the EFTC extraction system as follows:
(1) Inspect the components according to TM 10-1670-296-20&P/
TO 13C7-49-2.
(2) Assemble the EFTC extraction system as shown in Figures 3-44
through 3-48.
CAUTION
Be very careful when you arm the actuator because the
compression rod spring will be under 175 pounds of
pressure when the actuator is fully armed.
1
1
Remove the locking pin, and rotate the cover upward and rearward.
Figure 3-44. Locking Pin Removed
3-50
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
If the adjusting collar is loose, replace the cable.
2
1
4
4
5
3
Notes:
1.
Before attaching the cable clevis, make sure the cable at both ends moves freely
in the housing and that the cable is of the proper length for the load to be
rigged. This length will be cited in the specific rigging manual.
2.
The EFTC is functional with all lengths of cable assemblies. The EFTC has been
tested with available lengths of cable assemblies which may not match the same
length as the platform. When shortages of specific lengths of cable occur, the
next longer cable assembly can be used.
1
Attach the clevis on the cable to the cable actuator with the straight pin and cotter pin.
2
Pull on the spring-loaded pin to release the actuator arm from the unlocked position.
3
Turn the actuator arm clockwise.
4
As the arm is turned, make sure the adjusting collar on the cable fits inside the end
slot of the actuator.
5
When the actuator is armed, insert the locking pin to hold the actuator arm in place.
Figure 3-45. Cable Installed and Actuator Armed
3-51
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
2
1
4
3
CAUTION
The top plate of the latch assembly is removed for clarity only and is not
authorized to be removed.
1
Use a wrench to tighten the locking nut on the cable until the nut is flush against the
actuator body.
2
Make sure the adjusting collar is flush against the inside of the actuator body.
CAUTION
DO NOT overtighten the locking nut. This may cause the housing to crack.
To ensure that the cam of the link assembly is properly seated in the latch assembly with the
retainer hook holding the cam, release and then reseat the cam as follows:
3
Push up on the catch.
4
Push down on the retainer hook and idler link to free the cam, and remove the link
assembly.
Figure 3-46. Cable Installed and the Link Assembly Cam Seated
3-52
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
3
1
5
4
2
CAUTION
The top plate of the latch assembly is removed for clarity only and is not
authorized to be removed.
Reseat the cam of the link assembly in the latch assembly as follows:
1
Set the edge of the cam in place within the latch.
2
Repeat steps 3 and 4, Figure 3-46.
3
Push cam into place.
4
Push the lock link up to engage the retainer hook.
5
Align the dot on the lock link with the arrow on the catch.
The cam of the link assembly is now properly seated under the retainer hook of the latch
assembly.
Figure 3-47. Link Assembly Cam Reseated
3-53
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
3
2
CAUTION
The top plate of the latch assembly is removed for clarity only and is not
authorized to be removed.
1
Make sure that the swage fitting end of the release cable is open 1/8 inch, and slide the
fitting through the locking nut and catch spring down over the catch.
2
Align the holes in the fitting with the hole in the catch, insert the straight pin with the
head up, down through the fitting. Catch and hold the pin in place with a cotter pin on the
underside.
3
Use a wrench to tighten the locking nut on the cable to the threaded fitting on the latch
assembly.
Figure 3-48. Latch Assembly Cable Adjusted
3-54
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. Testing EFTC Extraction System. Before each use of the EFTC
extraction system, test it as shown in Figure 3-49.
2
1
3
Note: It takes two people to test the EFTC properly.
1
The first person holds the actuator arm firmly and relaxes the binding on the locking pin.
The second person removes the locking pin. The first person then allows the arm to travel to
the released position.
2
The first person carefully rotates the arm fully to the lock-up position on the side of the
actuator. The second person watches the inside of the latch assembly to be sure that the
cable retracts the catch and that the locking link and retainer hook are released.
3
The first person closely watches the cable inside the actuator to be sure that the pull on the
cable is a straight pull and that the cable does not bend or crimp.
Figure 3-49. EFTC Tested
3-55
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
c. Preparing and Attaching the EFTC to the Type
V Platform. After the EFTC has been tested, disassemble it. Prepare the EFTC
components and attach them to the type V platform as shown in Figures 3-50
through 3-52.
2
1
CAUTION
When attaching the EFTC mounting brackets on a 28 or 32-foot type V airdrop platform that
has three sets of actuator mounting bracket holes, use only the rear most set of holes.
Note: Bolt the actuator mounting brackets to the bracket holes as directed in the
specific rigging manual.
1
Bolt the inside and outside actuator brackets to the left rail of the type V platform using self
locking nuts.
2
Make sure the arrow stamped on the outside mounting bracket points toward the front of
the platform to show the brackets are properly installed.
Figure 3-50. Actuator Mounting Brackets Installed to the Type V Platform Side Rail
3-56
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
When the actuator arm falls directly over the side rail bolt,
use a round head replacement bolt. (NSN 5306-00-151-0653)
ROUND HEAD BOLT
1
2
Step:
1.
Pin the actuator to the actuator brackets with the PIP pins provided. Make sure the PIP
pins are put in from the inboard side of the bracket.
2.
Pass the cable to the inside of the side rail tiedown straps to prevent movement of the cable.
Tie the cable in place as directed by the specific rigging manual.
Note: If a longer cable than specified in the specific rigging manual is used, make
sure that it is routed in smooth s-shaped bends and with no 360 degree circles.
Figure 3-51. Actuator Pinned to Brackets and Position Verified
3-57
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
ACTUATOR ARM EXTENSION PIN
Step:
3.
Verify the positioning of the installed actuator as follows:
a.
Hold the actuator arm in place, and remove the locking pin.
CAUTION
The actuator arm is under 175 pounds of force.
b.
Allow the arm to rotate down through the forward indent in the side rail.
c.
Make sure the arm clears the indent by 1/4-inch.
d.
If the arm CLEARS the indent by 1/4-inch, return the arm to the armed position and
replace the PIP pin.
e.
If the arm FAILS to clear the indent by 1/4-inch, make sure the correct mounting holes
were used. If the correct holes were used, REPLACE the actuator.
Note: After you verify the position of the actuator, remove the quick-release pins.
Lay the actuator on the platform, and secure the actuator. This will keep the
actuator from being damaged while the platform is being loaded in the aircraft.
f.
If the type V platform is to be airdropped from a C-5 aircraft, install an actuator arm
extension pin on the actuator arm as shown above.
Figure 3-51. Actuator Pinned to Brackets and Positioned Verified (Continued)
3-58
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Tie the slack in the cable in a smooth S-shape bend. This
should be tied to the side of the load or to a lashing on the
type V platform. This will avoid binding problems in the
cable.
1
4
3
6
2
5
5 1/4 INCHES
1
Bolt one end of a 5 1/4-inch, latch connector assembly (measured from end to end) to the
platform extraction bracket.
2
Bolt the latch assembly to the latch connector assembly.
CAUTION
The modified extraction lugs are identified by the
presence of a 1/2-inch steel strip welded or machined on
the lower front flat surface of the extraction lug.
Note: This raises the latch assembly to prevent damage to the aircraft.
3
Follow steps 3 and 4, Figure 3-46, and steps 1 through 5, Figure 3-47, to attach the coupling
link assembly to the latch assembly.
4
Follow steps 1, 2, and 3, Figure 3-48, to attach the cable assembly to the latch assembly.
5
Bolt one end of the deployment line to the right spacer of the coupling link assembly.
6
When a 6-loop extraction line is used, the adapter link assembly MUST be used to
separate the loops of the line.
Figure 3-52. Latch Assembly Bolted to Type V Platform Extraction Bracket
3-59
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section VI
Release Assemblies
M-1 CARGO PARACHUTE RELEASE
3-23. Test, attach, and safety the M-1 cargo parachute release as follows:
CAUTION
DO NOT use the M-1 cargo parachute release with
four G-11B cargo parachutes. The M-2 cargo
parachute release MUST be used.
a. Testing Timer. Before each use, seat, arm, and test the delay timer as
shown in Figures 3-53 through 3-55.
1
2
1
Align and center the upper suspension link with the release side plates.
CAUTION
If the timer is not correctly seated in the upper position in the
release when it is armed, the keys will not fit into the slots in
the back side plate and could damage the timer.
2
Reach between the side plates, and slide the timer up until the toggles fit in the toggle lock
slides, making sure the timer slides freely. You should be able to see the winding shaft of
the timer through the guide block winder access hole.
Figure 3-53. Delay Release Timer Seated
3-60
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
2
1
Put the tip of a flat-tip screwdriver through the guide block winder access hole and into the
slot in the timer winding shaft. Gently turn the shaft one-quarter turn to the right and
stop, holding the shaft with the screwdriver.
Note: If the winding shaft is hard to turn, hold the shaft with the screwdriver
and move the timer around until the keys align with the slots in the back plate.
2
Hold the shaft, and push the arming wire down through the hole in the guide block and the
hole in the winding shaft.
Note: When the timer is correctly armed, about 1/2 inch of the arming wire can
be seen through the slot below the guide block winder access hole.
Figure 3-54. Timer Armed
3-61
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Note: A delay release timer will be tested before each use.
1
1
Pass a length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing up between the release side plates, over and
around the center of the timer, and back down between the side plates. The side plate
and a toggle lock slide have been removed to show how the webbing passes around the
timer.You may use a length of wire to help you pass the webbing around the timer.
Figure 3-55. Testing Timer
3-62
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Do not over tighten the face side plate. Make sure the bolts
are tightened in an alternating sequence.
2
4
4
3
3
2
Hang the release in a straight, level position.
3
Tie a 10-ounce weight, such as a platform clevis with bolt or a parachute release
connector, without the nut and bolt, to the type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
4
Pull the arming wire from the timer. Count the seconds from the time the wire is pulled
until the timer falls within the release.
Note: If the timer fails to fall after the alloted time (12 to 16 seconds), remove the
side plate and check the four screws holding the arming wire guide block to the
side plate for burrs. If the screw heads are burred, remove the burrs by filing or
replace the screws. Retest the timer. If there is a second failure, remove and
replace the timer.
Figure 3-55. Testing Timer (Continued)
3-63
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. Preparing, Attaching, and Safety Tieing Release. Prepare,
attach, and safety the M-1 cargo parachute release as shown in Figures 3-56
through 3-58.
4
PARACHUTE
CONNNECTOR
2
3
1
1
Use an M-1 release with a tested timer and make sure that the delay release timer is down
in the housing of the release.
2
Move the upper suspension link to the right or the left as far as it will go.
3
Open the arms of a parachute connector, and fit the arms on the upper suspension link with
the tips together in the groove of the retaining clamp.
Note: One parachute connector will be fitted to the upper suspension link for
each cargo parachute used on the load.
4
Fit a retainer band around the parachute connector to aid in assembly.
Figure 3-56. Parachute Connector Fitted to Upper Suspension Link of M-1 Release
3-64
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
9
6
10
2
1
7
8
1
Move the upper suspension link back to the center of the release and arm the timer as
indicated in Figures 3-53 and 3-54.
2
Safety the arming wire lanyard to the upper suspension link with a double length of type I,
1/4-inch cotton webbing with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
CAUTION
The end loop of the arming wire may pull free from the
crimping sleeve during parachute deployment. To ensure that
the arming wire disengages from the timer stem, an arming
wire safety tie must be installed on all arming wires prior to
use on an airdrop operation.
Figure 3-57. M-1 Release Prepared
3-65
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
4
3
5
Note: With the arming wire lanyard attached to the arming wire loop, the arming wire
loop shall be designated as the top. Install the safety tie as follows:
This safety tie should be inspected at the joint airdrop load inspection, before and after
loading.
3
Girth hitch a 12-inch length of 1/4-inch cotton webbing on the safety wire just below the
metal fastener.
4
Route one running end of the 1/4-inch cotton webbing through the looped ends of the arming
wire and lanyard.
5
After ensuring there is 1/2-inch to 1-inch of slack in both running ends, tie a surgeon’s knot
and locking knot in the 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
6
Fold the slack in the lanyard, and tape the folds in place with one turn of masking tape.
7
Fold the slack in the lanyard, between the safety tie and the arming wire, and tape the fold
to the face side plate with one piece of masking tape.
Note: Include the following data on the masking tape: name, date, and timer
seconds.
8
Tie one end of a 5-foot length of type III nylon cord (dragline) to one side of the lower
suspension link.
9
Tie the other end of the dragline to a parachute connector.
10
Fold the slack in the dragline and tape the folds in place with one turn of masking tape.
Figure 3-57. M-1 Release Prepared (Continued)
3-66
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Place the release on the load with the parachute connectors
toward the rear of the platform and with the guide block up. Bolt
the suspension slings to the lower suspension links so that
they will not change position when the load is suspended. Make
sure the arming wire lanyard is routed over all items.
2
6
7
6
1
5
4
4
3
1
Put the release on the load as instructed in the specific rigging manual for the load.
Note: Bolt a 3-foot (2-loop), type XXVI nylon sling to the parachute clevis of one
G-11B cargo parachute and to the parachute connector fitted to the release.
2
Bolt the riser extensions of two G-12E, or two or three G-11B cargo
parachutes to the parachute connectors already fitted to the release.
3
Attach the front suspension slings to the top bolts of the lower suspension link.
4
Attach the rear suspension slings to the lower bolts of the lower suspension link. The rear
slings will have a half twist towards the parachutes.
5
Run a length of type III nylon cord to encircle the lower spacer, and tie the ends of the cord
to points on the front of the load or platform.
6
Run a length of type III nylon cord through the parachute connectors, and tie the ends of the
cord to points on the rear of the load or platform.
7
Tie the lanyard to a carrying handle of a parachute with three alternating half hitches
and an overhand knot in the running end.
8
Fold the slack in the lanyard, and tape the folds in place with one turn of masking tape.
(Not shown)
Figure 3-58. M-1 Release Attached and Safetied to Load
3-67
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
M-2 CARGO PARACHUTE RELEASE
3-24. Prepare, attach, and safety the M-2 cargo parachute release as follows:
a. Preparing Release. Test the timer and prepare an M-2 cargo
parachute release the same as the M-1 release.
Note: Three to eight connectors may be fitted to an M-2 release.
The M-2 release requires a 5-foot dragline made from 1/2-inch
tubular nylon webbing.
b. Attaching and Safety Tieing Release. Attach and safety the M-2
cargo parachute release to the load as shown in Figure 3-59.
Note: When using the M-2 cargo parachute release on the 28-foot
and 32-foot platforms, use a 25-foot arming wire lanyard. Make the
lanyard according to TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2.
4
3
2
1
1
Form a girth hitch around one side of a suspension sling keeper with a 5-foot length of 1/2inch tubular nylon webbing. Make sure the running ends are equal.
2
Route both ends around the looped end of the sling and through the lower suspension link.
3
Route one end of the 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing through the suspension sling keeper.
4
Slide the keeper as close to the lower suspension link as possible. Tie the running ends
together with two alternating half hitches and an overhand knot.
Figure 3-59. M-2 Release Prepared, Attached, and Safett Tied to Load
3-68
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Place the release on the load with the parachute connectors
toward the rear of the platform and with the guide block up. Bolt
the suspension slings to the lower suspension links so that
they will not change position when the load is suspended.
6
11
9
13
12
5
10
7
8
5
Put the release on the load as instructed in the specific rigging manual for the load.
6
Bolt the riser extensions of three to four G-11B or five to eight G-11C cargo parachutes to
the parachute connectors already fitted to the release.
7
Attach the front suspension slings to the top bolt of the lower suspension link.
8
Attach the rear suspension slings to the lower bolt of the lower suspension link. The rear
slings will have a half twist towards the parachutes.
9
Run a length of type III nylon cord through the connectors, and tie the ends of the cord to
points on the rear of the load or platform.
10
Run a length of type III nylon cord around the lower spacer, and tie the ends of the cord to
points on the front of the load or platform.
11
Tie the lanyard to the carrying handle of a parachute with three alternating half hitches
and an overhand knot in the running end.
12
Fold the slack in the lanyard, and tape the folds in place with one turn of masking tape.
13
Install the drag line and fold the slack. Secure with masking tape.
Figure 3-59. M-2 Release Prepared, Attached, and Safety Tied to Load (Continued)
3-69
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
THE AUTOMATIC CARGO RELEASE (NOT FOR ARMY USE)
3-25. The automatic cargo release is a two-piece unit that operates on a loadtension activated hydraulic arming delay principal. It has no internal
maintenance or repair.
Note: The service life of the release is 10 years from the date of
manufacture.
a. Physical and Functional Characteristics. The physical and
functional characteristics of the automatic cargo release are shown in
Figure 3-60.
2
5
8
9
4
3
10
6
1
7
1
The automatic cargo release is a two-piece unit that operates on a load-tension activated
hydraulic arming delay principle. The main body, section 1, is attached to the main
parachute riser and the release fitting shackle.
2
The release fitting shackle is attached to the cargo platform sling while the assembly is in
the closed position.
3
Application of a load will exert force on the piston rod.
4
This causes the piston head to move downward.
5
This also causes the load spring to move downward.
6
This forces hydraulic fluid, located in the lower chamber to flow through orifices in the
piston head.
7
The fluid flows from the piston head to the upper chamber.
8
The size of the orifices and the thickness of the fluid limit the flow, so that the maximum
stroke will occur after a period of time defined by the manufacturer as 420/square root of the
load in pounds. At the end of the stroke, the jaws are fully extended downward.
9
The jaw teeth engage the neck and shoulders of the release stud, in the shackle and retain it
by friction as long as the load remains on the assembly.
10
When the load is relieved due to canopy collapse, the release spring forces the jaws apart and
the release fitting shackle drops away.
Figure 3-60. Physical and Functional Characteristics
3-70
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. Original Receipt Inspection. After removing the unit from its
packaging, visually verify that all components of Figure 3-60 are present and in
acceptable condition for use (no corrosion, deformation, leakage, or other
abnormalities). Perform a pre-drop activation test as shown in Figure 3-61.
Note: When testing the Automatic Cargo Release the main body must
be facing up.
Step:
1.
Remove the two hex bolts and spacers and insert the spacers into interfacing webbing loops.
2.
Attach the main body section webbing sling to a hoist or any suitable support that allows
sufficient height to activate the release. (Full extension including release mode is 2 inches.)
3.
Attach a weight of approximately 200 pounds to the release fitting shackle webbing sling. If
the support height is sufficient, your suspended body weight is suitable.
Figure 3-61. Pre-Drop Activation Test
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Step:
4.
Time the arming delay starting from when the load is applied to when the jaws of the
release extend below the cutouts in the bottom section of the main body section. Release
mode should occur after 30 to 40 seconds under a 200-pound load. If the
release mode and full extension is reached in less than 30 seconds under a suspended load of
200 pounds, the release is to be considered unserviceable.
Figure 3-61. Pre-Drop Activation Test (Continued)
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Ensure the release fitting shackle is held when the weight is
released to prevent it falling upon separation which could
cause personal injury.
Step:
5.
When the release mode has been achieved, simulate impact by lowering the hoist (if used)
until the load is relieved; or if body weight is used, (ensure the release fitting shackle
is held securely to prevent personal injury upon separation), quickly release the load. The
spring loaded jaws will kick outward releasing the release fitting shackle which allows the
cargo release unit to immediately separate. The outer lip on the jaws will catch on the lip of
the main body section, holding the piston extracted and retaining the jaws in the open
position.
Figure 3-61. Pre-Drop Activation Test (Continued)
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Step:
6.
Inspect the main body section for fluid leakage. The jaws and release fitting shackle should
be totally dry. The silicone fluid is clear and if any evidence of leakage is apparent, it will
appear as wet and glistening. If leakage is evident, the release will not be used.
Note: The automatic cargo release part number 811-00220 incorporates a removable
filter. The automatic cargo release part number 811-00220-1/-2 incorporates a
nonremovable solid aluminum cap.
7.
Inspect the presence, condition, and security of the removable filter. The filter is a thin
silver disc of porous metal located on the end of the main body section. The removable filter
is held securely in the main body piston cavity by a washer and retaining ring.
8.
Inspect for presence, condition, and security of the solid aluminum cap. The cap is located
on the end of the main body section.
9.
Preparation for reuse is accomplished by simply flushing foreign particles from the unit and
air drying.
Figure 3-61. Pre-Drop Activation Test (Continued)
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
10. If the spring loaded jaws are squeezed together without the release fitting shackle installed,
they will retract into the main body section. When this occurs, simply insert a 1/4-inch
diameter (thread size 20) eye bolt into the threaded hole of the piston. Attach the release
body to a hoist or suitable support, and attach a weight to the eye bolt. When the jaws are
extracted beyond the body, they will be forced to the open position by the spring tension.
11. Insert the release fitting shackle in the main body section by inserting the pins in the
respective holes in the piston. Hold in position, and by using finger pressure, squeeze the
spring loaded jaws together. Retraction of the jaws into the main body section will
immediately start. (The check valve within the hydraulic circuit allows quick and easy
insertion.) Completely close the release assembly using hand force. The cargo release is
now ready for use.
12. The release should always be reassembled and stored in the closed position. After
submersion in water, position the release with the filter end facing down, allowing any
water which may be trapped behind the filter to drain.
Figure 3-61. Pre-Drop Activation Test (Continued)
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
c. Installation For Airdrop. Instructions for installing the cargo
release are shown in Figure 3-63.
Step:
1.
Perform the pre-drop activation test to ensure the cargo release is fully functional and ready
to use.
2.
Ensure the release is used with a 3-foot sling attached to the main body section and to the
release fitting shackle. (The slings will absorb any twisting during parachute descent.)
3.
Install the cargo release with the main body section facing toward the parachute riser and
the release fitting shackle facing toward the cargo load slings.
4.
Tie the cargo release to the rigged load in two places by routing a length of 1/4-inch cotton
webbing through each end shackle sling.
Figure 3-62. Cargo Release Installed
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
d. Post Drop Maintenance. Perform post drop maintenance according
to the following:
Step:
1.
Remove the retaining ring in the upper cargo release assembly using Truarc ring pliers. To
remove the filter and washer, hold the release filter end downward. The filter and washer
should fall out. Thoroughly rinse the main body section and release fitting shackle with
fresh water. Direct flow using a water hose or faucet would be ideal. If the cargo release has
not been maintained, the filter may adhere to the housing bore. Where severe corrosion
exists, the filter may have to be replaced.
2.
Thoroughly rinse the main body section and release fitting shackle with fresh water. (For
nonremovable solid aluminum cap)
3.
Inspect the cargo release visually for obvious damage. Use low pressure air if available to
dry the unit. Minor leakage of the silicone fluid will be very difficult to detect at this point.
Note: The release fitting shackle assembly, (number 811-00324-1) may be procured
through normal supply channels.
4.
Reassemble the unit by inserting the release fitting shackle into the main body section and
squeezing the spring loaded jaws together. Completely close the release assembly using hand
pressure. If the release does not close fully and the ball locks cannot snap in place, then the
unit should be subjected to the pre-drop inspection test.
5.
To completely dry, hang or stand the assembled unit with the filter end (main body section)
facing down to allow drainage of any water that may have accumulated behind the filter.
6.
Any discrepancies found or suspected will be cause for rejection. Return the unit with a
brief description of the problem and a point of contact to: Commander, Code 461100D, Naval
Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, 1 Administration Circle, China Lake, CA
93555-6001. Do not return the unit to the manufacturer.
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
PARACHUTE RISERS ATTACHED TO THE PARACHUTE RELEASE
3-26. Lay the parachute release on top of the load with the bolt end of the
parachute connectors toward the cargo parachutes. Bolt the parachute riser
extensions to the parachute connectors of the M-1 or M-2 parachute releases as
shown in Figures 3-63 through 3-65.
Note: Bolt the parachute riser extensions to the parachute
connectors from rigger’s right to left. They must be in the
numerical order given for four-, six-, and eight-parachute loads.
For seven-parachute loads, delete the eighth riser extension.
REAR OF PLATFORM
CARGO PARACHUTES
2
2
3
1
4
3
1
1
2
3
PARACHUTE RISER
EXTENSIONS
4
2 3
1
PARACHUTE CONNECTORS
FRONT OF PLATFORM
Figure 3-63. Three and Four Parachute Riser Extensions Attached to the Parachute
3-78
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
REAR OF PLATFORM
5
CARGO PARACHUTES
4
2
1
3
2
4
3
1
5
PARACHUTE RISER
EXTENSIONS
2
3 4
5
1
1
2
53 4
PARACHUTE CONNECTORS
Note: Only used on the small
emplacement excavator (SEE).
FRONT OF PLATFORM
Figure 3-64. Five Parachute Riser Extensions Attached to the Parachute
3-79
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
REAR OF PLATFORM
CARGO PARACHUTES
7
2
6
4
3
1
8
4
2
5
6
5
3
1
PARACHUTE RISER
EXTENSIONS
1
2 3 4 5 6
PARACHUTE CONNECTORS
2
3
7 4 8
5
6
1
FRONT OF PLATFORM
Figure 3-65. Six and Eight Parachute Riser Extensions Attached to the Parachute
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section VII
Extraction Lines And Parachutes
EXTRACTION LINES
3-27. The size and length of the extraction line used depends on the aircraft
used and the size of the cargo extraction parachute rigged on the load.
CAUTION
While attaching the extraction line to the cargo extraction
parachute, ensure that the keepers on the extraction line and
the adapter web are pushed tight against the link and are
taped in place with cloth-backed tape. If a keeper is not
present on the adapter web or extraction line, tape in place
with cloth-backed tape.
C-130/MC-130 AIRCRAFT
3-28. The primary method of airdrop platform extractions uses a 60-foot
extraction line attached to a cargo extraction parachute as detailed in
the following paragraphs.
a. One 15-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute.
(1) Attach a 60-foot (1-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction
line as shown in Figure 3-66.
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
(2) Attach the adapter web of the 15-foot extraction parachute as
shown in Figure 3-66.
1
3
2
1
Fit the loop of the adapter web on the spacer of a 3 3/4-inch, 2-point link assembly.
2
Fit the extraction line attaching loop to the other spacer of the link. Replace the
side plate of the link assembly. Put the nuts on the bolts of the 2-point link. Use a wrench to
tighten the nuts. Run a length of tape around the link and over each nut and bolt end.Tape
the keeper and the adapter web in place with cloth backed tape. (Not shown)
3
Tie the 3 3/4-inch, 2-point link tightly against the parachute bag closing loops with one
length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Run the webbing through the top and bottom
closing loops on the grommet side of the bag. Tie the ends of the webbing together with a
surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-66. Extraction Line Attached to 15-Foot Extraction Parachute
3-82
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
b. One 22-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. The 22-foot cargo
extraction parachute uses a 60-foot (3-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction
line. Attach the line to the parachute by adapting the procedures shown in
Figure 3-67 using a 3 3/4-inch, 2-point link.
c. One 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. The 28-foot, cargo
extraction parachute uses a 60-foot (3-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing
extraction line. Using a 5 1/2-inch, 2-point link, attach the line to the parachute
by adapting the procedures shown in Figure 3-67.
Note: See Table 2-11 to determine the proper link assembly (3 3/4- or 5 1/2-inch) to
use.
1
2
3
1
Place a large spacer on each bolt of the two-point link.
2
Fit the adapter web loop on one of the spacers attached in step 1 above.
3
Fit the loop of the 60-foot extraction line on the free spacer of the two-point link.
Figure 3-67. Extraction Line Attached to 22- or 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute With a 3 3/4or 5 1/2-Inch, Two-Point Link Assembly
3-83
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
8
7
4
6
5
4
Run a length of cloth-backed tape around the adapter web keeper.
5
Run a length of cloth-backed tape around the extraction line keeper.
6
Bolt the side plate to the two-point link. Use a wrench to tighten the nuts. Run a length of
tape around the link and over each nut and bolt end.
7
For a 22-foot cargo extraction parachute, run a length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing
through the top and bottom bag closing loops on the grommet side of the bag. For a 28-foot
cargo extraction parachute, run a double length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing through
the top and bottom bag closing loops on the grommet side of the bag.
8
Run type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing through the two-point link, and tie the ends of the
webbing together with a surgeon’s knot and a locking knot.
Figure 3-67. Extraction Line Attached to 22- or 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute With a 3 3/4or 5 1/2-Inch, Two-Point Link Assembly (Continued)
3-84
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
d. Two 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachutes. A cluster of two 28-foot
cargo extraction parachutes as shown in Figure 3-68, is attached to one end of a
60-foot (6-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing line. The other end of the line is
attached to the four-point link assembly of the parachute cluster after the
cluster has been installed in the aircraft.
C-141 AIRCRAFT
3-29. A low-velocity airdrop platform load rigged for aerial delivery from a C-141
aircraft needs an extraction line based on the size of the extraction parachute.
All extraction lines used on loads rigged for a C-141 aircraft must be continuous,
type XXVI nylon webbing extraction lines. Attach the extraction line to the
cargo extraction parachute as follows:
a. One 15-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. Attach a continuous 160foot (1-loop), type XXVI nylon extraction line to the parachute by adapting
procedures shown in Figure 3-66.
b. One 22-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. The 22-foot cargo
extraction parachute needs a continuous 140-foot (3-loop), type XXVI nylon
webbing extraction line. Attach the line to the parachute by adapting the
procedures shown in Figure 3-67.
c. One 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. The 28-foot cargo
extraction parachute needs a continuous 140-foot (3-loop), type XXVI nylon
webbing extraction line. Attach the line to the parachute by adapting the
procedures shown in Figure 3-67.
d. Two 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachutes. A cluster of two 28-foot
cargo extraction parachutes, as shown in Figure 3-68 needs a continuous 120foot (6-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction line. The extraction line is
attached to the four-point link assembly of the parachute cluster after the
cluster has been installed in the aircraft.
3-85
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
EXTRACTION PARACHUTE CLUSTERS
3-30. Cluster two 28-foot cargo extraction parachutes for an initial extraction as
shown in Figure 3-68 and for a sequential extraction as shown in Figure 3-69.
3
1
2
4
1
Tape the V-rings of the bottom parachute to the deployment bag.
2
Be sure 9 to 12 inches of the adapter web extend beyond the bag tie.
3
Place a second parachute on top of the first.
4
Tie the parachute deployment bags together at each corner with single lengths of type III
nylon cord.
Note: When tying the ends of the type III nylon cord together, use a surgeon’s knot
and a locking knot, and an overhand knot in each free end.
Figure 3-68. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for an Initial Extraction from C-130/C-141 Aircraft
3-86
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
6
5
8
7
5
Run the safety loop of the top parachute through the safety loop of the bottom parachute,
and hook it behind the bent V-ring of the top parachute.
6
For transportation only, tie the pendulum line of the top parachute to the bent V-ring. Fold
the excess line, and tape the folds in place.
7
Fold the pendulum line of the bottom parachute, and tape the folds in place.
8
Pull each bridle loop from its bag far enough to untie the bag retaining lines. Remove these
lines.
Figure 3-68. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for an Initial Extraction from C-130/C-141 Aircraft
(Continued)
3-87
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
Be sure the bag retaining tie does not pass through the bridle
loop of the top parachute.
13
10
9
15
12
9
14
11
Use a 103-inch length of 1-inch tubular nylon webbing for the bag retaining tie. Run the tie
through the bag retaining straps of the bottom parachute, through the bridle loop, and up
through the bag retaining straps of the top parachute. Tie the ends of the retaining tie
together with a surgeon’s knot, a locking knot, and an overhand knot in each running end.
10
Tie the bridle loops together with one length of type III nylon cord to form a break cord.
11
Place a cotton buffer on the bottom pin of the four-point link.
12
Place the free end of the extraction line on the bottom pin and the separator. Divide the plies
between the pin and the separator.
13
Fold the bag retaining tie, and tape the folds in place.
14
Place the top adapter web on the left pin. Place the adapter web of the bottom parachute on
the right pin and replace the link cover. Push the keepers against the pins, and tape the
keepers in place with cloth-backed tape.
15
Tie the link assembly to the upper bag closing loops of the top parachute with one length of
type III nylon cord. Make sure the cord passes through the link and under the top pins.
Figure 3-68. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for an Initial Extraction from C-130/C-141 Aircraft
(Continued)
3-88
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
3
1
4
4
2
1
Remove the safety loop from around the bent V-ring. Extend the safety loop around the
opposite side of the bag from the bent V-ring, and tie it tightly in place with the pendulum
line.
2
Be sure 9 to 12 inches of the adapter web extend beyond the bag closing tie.
3
Prepare a second parachute as in steps 1 and 2 above and place it on top of the first
parachute.
4
Tie the parachutes together at each corner with single lengths of type III nylon cord with a
surgeon’s knot, a locking knot, and an overhand knot in each free end.
Figure 3-69. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for a Sequential Extraction
3-89
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
8
7
9
5
10
6
11
12
5
Pull each bridle loop from its bag far enough to untie the bag retaining lines.
6
Use a 103-inch length of 1-inch tubular nylon webbing for the bag retaining tie. Run the tie
through the bag retaining straps of the bottom parachute, through the bridle loop, and up
through the bag retaining straps of the top parachute. Tie the ends of the retaining tie
together with a surgeon’s knot, a locking knot, and an overhand knot in the running end.
7
Tie the bridle loops together with a single length of type III nylon cord.
8
Fold and tape the bag retaining tie.
9
Place the top adapter web on the left pin. Place the adapter web of the bottom parachute on
the right pin and replace the link cover. Push the keepers against the pins, and tape the
keepers in place with cloth-backed tape.
10
Tie the link assembly to the upper bag closing tabs of the top parachute with a single length
of type III nylon cord. Make sure the cord passes through the link and under the top pins.
11
Place a cotton buffer on the bottom pin of the four-point link.
12
Place the free end of the extraction line on the bottom pin and the line separator. Divide the
plies between the pin and the separator.
Figure 3-69. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for a Sequential Extraction (Continued)
3-90
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
C-5 AIRCRAFT
3-31. A low-velocity airdrop platform load rigged for delivery from a C-5 aircraft
needs an extraction line based on the size of the extraction parachute and the
platform’s location within the aircraft. Because extraction line length varies
depending on the platform’s location within the aircraft, attachment of cargo
extraction parachutes to extraction lines and joining of extraction lines shall be
accomplished after the platform is loaded aboard the aircraft. Attach the
extraction line to the cargo extraction parachute and join extraction lines as
follows.
a. One 15-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. Attach a continuous 160foot (1-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction line to the parachute by
adapting the procedures shown in Figure 3-66. Platform loads using a 15-foot
cargo extraction parachute must be positioned so that the rear edge of the
platform is located between aircraft fuselage stations (FSs) 1187 and 1971.
b. One 22-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. Attach the extraction
line to the extraction parachute and join extraction lines as follows.
(1) Rear edge of the platform located between aircraft FSs 1427 and
1971. The 22-foot cargo extraction parachute needs a continuous 140-foot (3loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction line. Attach the line to the parachute
by adapting the procedures shown in Figure 3-67.
(2) Rear edge of the platform located between aircraft FSs 707 and
1426. The 22-foot cargo extraction parachute needs a 60-foot (3-loop), type XXVI
nylon webbing extraction line; a 140-foot (3-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing
extraction line; and a 5 1/2-inch, two-point link assembly. Attach the 60-foot
extraction line to the parachute by adapting the procedures shown in Figure
3-70. Join the 140-foot extraction line to the 60-foot extraction line by adapting
the procedures shown in Figure 3-70.
c. One 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachute. Attach the extraction
line to the extraction parachute and join extraction lines as follows.
(1) Rear edge of the platform located between aircraft FSs 1427 and
1971. The 28-foot cargo extraction parachute needs a continuous 140-foot
(3-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction line. Attach the line to the
parachute by adapting the procedures shown in Figure 3-67.
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
(2) Rear edge of the platform located between aircraft FSs 707 and
1426. One 28-foot cargo extraction parachute needs a 60-foot (3-loop), type XXVI
nylon webbing extraction line; a 140-foot (3-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing
extraction line; and a 5 1/2-inch, two-point link assembly. Attach the 60-foot
extraction line to the parachute by adapting the procedures shown in Figure
3-67. Join the 140-foot extraction line to the 60-foot extraction line by adapting
the procedures shown in Figure 3-70.
d. Two 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachutes. A cluster of two 28-foot
cargo extraction parachutes is prepared for an initial extraction as shown in
Figure 3-72 and for a sequential extraction as shown in Figure 3-69. Attach the
extraction line to the extraction parachutes and join extraction lines as follows.
(1) Rear edge of the platform located between aircraft FSs 1667 and
1971. Two 28-foot cargo extraction parachutes need a continuous 120-foot (6loop), type XXVI nylon webbing extraction line and a four-point link assembly.
The extraction line is attached to the four-point link assembly of the parachute
cluster after the cluster has been installed in the aircraft.
(2) Rear edge of the platform located between aircraft FSs 947 and
1666. Two 28-foot cargo extraction parachutes need a 60-foot (6-loop), type XXVI
nylon webbing extraction line; a 120-foot (6-loop), type XXVI nylon webbing
extraction line; a four-point link assembly; and an extraction line coupler
assembly. Attach the 60-foot extraction line to the four-point link assembly of
the parachute cluster after the cluster has been installed in the aircraft. Join
the 120-foot extraction line to the 60-foot extraction line by adapting the
procedures shown in Figure 3-71.
(3) Rear edge of the platform located forward of aircraft FSs 947.Two
28-foot cargo extraction parachutes need two 120-foot (6-loop), type XXVI nylon
webbing extraction lines; a four-point link assembly; and an extraction line
coupler assembly. Attach a 120-foot extraction line to the four-point link
assembly of the parachute cluster after the cluster has been installed in the
aircraft. Join the two 120-foot extraction lines together by adapting the
procedures shown in Figure 3-71. Clustering extraction parachutes for an
initial extraction from a C-5 aircraft is shown in Figure 3-72.
e. Derigged 28-Foot Cargo Extraction Parachutes. Clustered 28-foot
extraction parachutes must be derigged for an initial extraction as follows.
(1) Remove the four-point link assembly.
(2) Remove the deployment bag clustering ties.
(3) Remove the parachutes’ bridle loop tie.
(4) Remove tape from the deployment bag retaining tie. Do not
remove the tie.
(5) S-fold each pendulum line, and tape each fold to its deployment bag.
3-92
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
When connecting extraction lines, attach the shortest
extraction line to the extraction parachute.
8
5
7
6
2
3
7
4
9
9
1
Remove the temporary handling and transport tie from both sling/extraction line bags (not
shown).
2
Place a large spacer on each bolt of the 5 1/2-inch, two-point link.
3
Add a cotton buffer to the inside of the load-attaching loop of the extraction line connected to
the extraction parachute.
4
Fit the buffered extraction line loop on one of the spacers attached in step 2, above.
5
Add a cotton buffer to the inside of the parachute-attaching loop of the extraction line
connected to the EFTC.
6
Fit the buffered loop on the free spacer of the two-point link.
7
Run a length of tape around each extraction line keeper near the two-point link.
8
Bolt the side plate on the two-point link. Wrench tighten the nuts. Run a length of tape
around the link and over each nut and bolt end (not shown).
9
Wrap the link with 1/2-inch felt padding. Pass type III nylon cord around the felt in three
places and tie to keep the felt from slipping. Tape over each type III nylon cord tie with
cloth-backed tape.
Figure 3-70. Connecting Type XXVI (3-Loop) Extraction Lines Together for C-5 Airdrop
3-93
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
CAUTION
When connecting extraction lines, attach the shortest
extraction line to the extraction parachute.
3
4
2
5
6
6
1
Remove the temporary handling and transport tie from both sling/extraction bags (not
shown).
2
Divide the plies of the extraction line connected to the extraction parachutes and place loops
over two spacers of one end of an extraction line coupler assembly.
3
Divide the plies of the extraction line connected to the EFTC and place loops on the two free
spacers of the extraction line coupler assembly.
4
Run a length of tape around each extraction line keeper near the extraction line coupler
assembly.
5
Bolt on the side plate of the extraction line coupler assembly. Wrench tighten the nuts. Run
a length of tape around the extraction line coupler assembly and over each nut and bolt end
(not shown).
6
Wrap the extraction line coupler assembly with 1/2-inch felt padding. Tie the felt padding
in three places with type III nylon cord. Tape over each type III nylon cord tie with clothbacked tape.
Figure 3-71. Connecting Type XXVI (6-Loop) Extraction Lines Together for C-5 Airdrop
3-94
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
1
2
3
1
Cluster the parachutes in four places by tying the adjacent inboard clustering loops of the
parachutes with single lengths of type III nylon cord.
2
Tie the bridle loops together with one length of type III nylon cord to form a breakcord.
3
S-fold the 1-inch tubular nylon webbing deployment bag retaining tie, and tape the folds
together.
Figure 3-72. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for an Initial Extraction from C-5 Aircraft
3-95
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
4
5
6
4
Place the left parachute adapter web loop on the top left pin of a four-point link assembly.
Place the right parachute adapter web loop on the top right pin.
5
Place a cotton buffer on the bottom pin of the four-point link.
6
Place the free end of the extraction line on the bottom pin and the line separator. Divide the
plies between the pin and the separator.
Figure 3-72. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for an Initial Extraction from C-5 Aircraft
(Continued)
3-96
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
9
7
8
7
Replace the link cover, and wrench tighten the nuts on the bolts. Run a length of clothbacked tape over each nut.
8
Push the keepers against the pins, and tape the keepers in place with cloth-backed tape.
9
Center the four-point link against the mouths of the parachute deployment bags. Tie the
link to the top inboard bag closing loop on each parachute with a length of type III nylon
cord. Make surethe cord passes through the link and under the top pins.
Note: When tying the ends of the cord together, use a surgeon’s knot, a locking knot,
and an overhand knot in each free end.
Figure 3-72. Clustering Extraction Parachutes for an Initial Extraction from C-5 Aircraft
(Continued)
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Section VIII
Load Marking, Inspection, and Emergency
Aft Restraint Requirements
MARKING RIGGED LOAD
3-32. Each rigged load must have a data tag prepared for it, and some rigged
loads may require a Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods. The center of
balance must also be clearly marked on both sides of the platform.
a. Data Tag. A data tag is prepared and secured to each platform load
near the extraction system. Entries on the tag are used by the Army and Air
Force in making inspections and in finding causes for malfunctions. The entries
are also used to help the loadmaster determine where to place the load in the
aircraft. Use a ballpoint pen or other waterproof marking device to record the
following information on the tag:
(1) Total rigged weight.
(2) Height, including parachutes.
(3) Width.
(4) Overall length.
(5) Overhang (specify front, rear, or side of load).
(6) Longitudinal center of balance (measured from the front edge of the
platform).
(7) Type and size of extraction system.
b. Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods. This form is prepared
and secured on each load that has any type of hazardous material such as
fuel, ammunition, or a battery.
c. Center of Balance. In addition to being included on the data tag, the
longitudinal center of balance must also be marked on the platform. The
vertical line of the symbol CB is placed at the center of balance on both sides of
the platform.
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FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
TYPES OF INSPECTIONS
3-33. The types of inspections performed on a rigged load are the final rigger
inspection, the before-loading inspection, and the after-loading inspection. All
rigged low-velocity loads must be inspected at prescribed intervals to make sure
that the loads and the equipment used on the loads are assembled and installed
to meet the criteria outlined in the specific rigging manual.
a. Final Rigger Inspection ( Shop Final). After the load has been
completely rigged, a certified Transported Force rigger inspector performs the
final rigger inspection. This inspection is accomplished before the rigged load
leaves the rigging site to make sure it is rigged according to the specific field
manual/technical order for that particular load. This inspection should be
conducted by an inspector other than the rigger supervising the installation of
parachutes and extraction system. It is not necessary to use the DD Form 1748series inspection forms for this inspection.
b. Before-Loading Inspection. A before-loading inspection must be
performed on a rigged load before it is loaded into the aircraft. This inspection is
conducted jointly by a certified Transported Force rigger inspector and a
certified Air Force Joint Airdrop Inspector. The inspectors use the proper joint
airdrop inspection record, and both sign the appropriate blocks to certify correct
rigging of the load. When the rigged load is delivered to the aircraft, the aircraft
loadmaster checks the inspection form for completion and necessary signatures
before accepting the load.
c. After-Loading Inspection. After the loadmaster completes the loading
and in-aircraft rigging, the after-loading inspection is performed. This
inspection is conducted jointly by a certified Transported Force rigger inspector
and a certified Air Force Joint Airdrop Inspector, and the aircrew loadmaster.
After the inspection is completed, the three inspectors certify, by signing the
form, that the load is ready to airdrop.
3-99
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
EMERGENCY AFT RESTRAINT REQUIREMENTS FOR PLATFORMEXTRACTED LOADS RIGGED ON A TYPE V PLATFORM
3-34. Use Tables 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4 as guides for determining the emergency aft
restraint requirements for platform-extracted loads rigged on a type V platform.
Table 3-2. Emergency Aft Restraint Requirements for Platform-Extracted Loads Rigged on a Type
V Platform for Airdrop from a C-130 Aircraft
Cargo Extraction
Parachute
Chains Required
Attachment Provision
15- foot
Two 10,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emergency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
22- foot
Four 10,000-pound. One
chain to each clevis.
Four medium suspension
clevises. Two clevises are
attached to the top two
emergency aft restraint
provision holes of each front
tandem link.
Six 10,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Six medium suspension
clevises. Two clevises are
attached to the top two
emergency aft restraint
provision holes of each front
tandem link. The third clevis
is attached to the front
tandem link hole.
One 28- foot
or
*Two 28- foot
WARNING
*This emergency aft restraint is used only to secure a loose platform in the
aircraft if the right hand locks release prior to green light.
3-100
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 3-3. Emergency Aft Restraint Requirements for Platform-Extracted Loads Rigged on a Type
V Platform for Airdrop from a C-141 Aircraft
Cargo Extraction
Parachute
Chains Required
Attachment Provision
15- foot
Two 10,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis or Two 25,000pound. One chain to each
clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emerg ency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
22- foot
Four 10,000-pound. One
chain to each clevis or
Four medium suspension
clevises. Two clevises are
attached to the top two
emerg ency aft restraint
provision holes of each front
tandem link.
Two 25,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emerg ency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
Six 10,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis or
Six medium suspension
clevises. Two clevises are
attached to the top two
emerg ency aft restraint
provision holes of each front
tandem link. The third clevis
is attached to the front
tandem link hole.
Two 25,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emerg ency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
Four 25,000-pound. One
chain to each clevis.
Four medium suspension
clevises. Two clevises are
attached to the top two
emerg ency aft restraint
provision holes of each front
tandem link.
O ne 28- foot
Two 28- foot
Note: The above combinations are based on the restraint requirements of one and
one-half times the towed extraction force which is stated in reference pounds. In all
cases, the tandem link is rated for 40,000 pounds.
3-101
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
Table 3-4. Emergency Aft Restraint Requirements for Platform-Extracted Loads Rigged on a Type
V Platform for Airdrop from a C-5 Aircraft
Cargo Extraction
Parachute
Chains Required
Attachment Provision
15- foot
Two 25,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emergency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
22- foot
Two 25,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emergency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
One 28- foot
Two 25,000-pound. One chain
to each clevis.
Two medium suspension
clevises. One clevis is
attached to the top emergency
aft restraint provision hole of
each front tandem link.
Two 28- foot
Four 25,000-pound. One
chain to each clevis.
Four medium suspension
clevises. Two clevises are
attached to the top two
emergency aft restraint
provision holes of each front
tandem link.
Note: The above combinations are based on the restraint requirements of one and
one-half times the towed extraction force which is stated in reference pounds. In all
cases, the tandem link is rated for 40,000 pounds.
3-102
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
GLOSSARY
ACB
AD
AFB
AFJMAN
AFR
AFTO
ALC
attn
C
cap
CB
chap
CRRC
d
DA
DC
DD
DES
diam
EFTC
fig
fs
FM
ft
gal
HMMWV
HQ
in
JAI
lb
MAJCOM
LV
MCRP
mm
NSN
OVE
TM
TO
TRADOC
US
wt
w
yd
attitude control bar
airdrop
Air Force base
Air Force Joint Manual
Air Force regulation
Air Force technical order
Airlift Logistics Center
attention
change
capacity
center of balance
chapter
combat rubber raiding craft
penny
Department of the Army
District of Columbia
Department of Defense
drogue extraction system
diameter
extraction force transfer coupling
figure
fuselage station
field manual
foot/feet
gallon
high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle
headquarters
inch
joint airdrop inspector
pound
Major Command
low-velocity
Marine Corps Reference Publication
millimeter
national stock number
on-vehicular equipment
technical manual
technical order
US Army Training and Doctrine Command
United States
weight
with
yard
Glossary-1
FM 4-20.102/NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010/TO 13C7-1-5
REFERENCES
AFJMAN 24-204/TM 38-250/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCOP4030. Preparing Hazardous Materials for
Military Air Shipments. 1 March 1997.
FM 10-500-53/TO 13C7-18-41. Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Ammunition.
(C1) 24 July 2000
FM 10-542/FMFM 7-51/NAVSEA SS400-AD-MMO-010/TO 13C7-51-21. Airdrop of Supplies and
Equipment: Rigging Loads for Special Operations. 7 October 1987 (C3, 2 October 2000).
TM 10-1670-268-20&P/MCRP 4-3.8/TO 13C7-52-22. Organizational Maintenance Manual With
Repair Parts and Special Tools List: Type V Airdrop Platform. 1 June 1986.
TM 10-1670-280-23&P/TO 13C5-31-2/NAVAIR 13-1-31. Unit and Intermediate Direct Support (DS)
Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Parachute, Cargo
Type: 100-Foot Diameter,Model G-11A, Model G-11B and Model G-11C, (NSN 1670-01-0167841) (Reprinted with Basic Included C1-3) 5 August 1991
TM 10-1670-281-23&P/TO 13C5-32-2/NA 13-1-32. Unit and Intermediate Direct Support (DS)
Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Parashute, Cargo
Type: 64-Foot Diameter, Model G-12D, NSN 1670-00-893-2371 and Model G-12E,
NSN 1670-065-3755. (C5, 1 October 1990)
TM 10-1670-286-20/TO 13C5-2-41. Unit Maintenance Manual for Sling/Extraction Line Panel
(Including Stowing Procedures). 1 April 1986 (C2, 3 June 1991)
TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2. Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and Special
Tools List for Ancillary Equipment for Low Velocity Airdrop System. 15 September 1995
AFTO Form 22. Technical Order Publication Improvement Report
DA Form 2028. Recommended Changes to Publication and Blank Forms. February
1974.
DD Form 1748 Series Joint Airdrop Inspection Record
Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods. Locally procured form.
AFJMAN 24-204/TM 38-250 has superseded AFR 71-4/TM 38-250 (15 January 1988).
This revision reflects this change.
Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods has superseded DD Form 1387-2
(February 1982.) This revision reflects this change.
References-1
FM 4-20.102 (FM 10-500-2)
NAVSEA SS400-AB-MMO-010
TO 13C7-1-5
22 AUGUST 2001
By Order of the Secretary of the Army and the Air Force:
ERIC K. SHINSEKI
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
JOEL B. HUDSON
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
0121802
GEORGE T. BABBITT
MICHAEL E. RYAN
General, USAF
Commander, AFMC
General. USAF
Chief of Staff
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance
with the initial distribution number 110894, requirements for FM 4-20.102.