0.0F TO
E
OCT 6 1966
BUILDINGS AS SYSTEMS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREIENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE AT
THE MASSACHUSETTS
A
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
/)
PAUL SUN
B.A. TARKIO COLLEGE, MISSOURI
1957
B.ARCH. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
1963
LAWRENCE B. ANDERSON,
HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
JUNE, 1966
1,
MASSACHUSETTS
JUNE
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
1966
LAWRENCE B. ANDERSON,
DEAN
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
MASSACHUSETTS
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEAR DEAN ANDERSON :
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF 4ASTER IN ARCHITECTURE,
I HEREBY SUBMIT
THIS THESIS ENTITLED " BUILDINGS AS SYSTEMS "
RESPECTFULLY,
'PAUL SUN
2
ABSTRACT
THE AIM OF THIS THESIS IS TO DESIGN BUILDINGS AS
SYSTEMS ---
A SYSTEM OF GROWTH, A SYSTEM OF
ADAPTABILITY, A SYSTEM OF STRUCTURE.
A SYSTEM TO BE APPROACHED AS AN ORDERLY ORGANIZATION
OF COMPONENTS INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER TO RECEIVE
MAXIMUM UTILIZATION FROM EACH AND FROM THE WHOLE.
A SYSTEM TO BE CREATED FOR BUILDINGS A NEW SCALE
WITH EMPHASIS ON SPATIAL QUALITY AND INTERNAL LIFE.
A BUILDING NEED NOT GROW OBSOLETE, THEY CAN GROW INTERNALLY
AND EXTERNALLY FOR ANY CHANGES IN FUNCTION.
-. 3
-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
THESIS SUPERVISOR
EDUARDO F.
CATALANO
STRUCTURE
WARCKW ZEWLESKI
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
SIDNEY GREENLEAF
4
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
------------------------------------
LETTER OF SUBMISSION
--------------------------
2
3
---------------------
ABSRACT
1
ACKNOELEDGEMENTS-
------------------------------
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
-----------------------------
5
LIST OF ILLUSTRATION ------------------------
6
INTRODUCTION
7
SPACE
----------------------------------
----------------------------------------- 8
STRUCTURE
------------------------------------- 10
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
-------------
11
------------------------ 12
ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING, ACCOUSTICAL AND PARTITION - 13
PRESENTATION DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPH OF MODEL
5
LIST OF ILLUSTRATION
1. BUILDINGS AS SYSTEMS - EDGE CONDITION
2.
SYSTEM OF GROWTH AND ADAPTABILITY - FOOTPRINT
3. SYSTEM OF SPATIAL FLEXIBILITY - SECTIONS
4. PLAN - STRUCTURAL MODULE, CORE, REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
AND MECHANICAL DUCT SYSTEM
5.
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
6. STRUCTURAL SECTION I
7.
STRUCTURAL SECTION II
PHOTOGRAPH OF MODEL
A. GIRDER
B. BEAM I
0. BEAM II
D. STRUCTURE I
E. STRUCTURE II
F. STRUCTURAL VOID I
G. STRUCTURAL VOID II
6
INTRODUCTION
TO DESIGN BUILDINGS WITH A SYSTEM OF GROWTH BOTH
INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY.
MUST ALSO PROVIDE
FLEXIBILITY - PRESENT AND FUTURE.
TO ESTABLISH A FOOTPRINT OF STRUCTURAL AND MAIN
MECHANICAL CORE OR BRANCHES AS PERMANENT ELEMENTS
OF THE SYSTEM, WHILE ACHIEVE FLEXIBILITY FOR
SECONDARY STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
THAT CAN CHANGE OR BE REMOVED PRESERVING THE
FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM.
7
SPACE
THE SPACE-FLEXIBILITY SYSTEM PROVIDES FOR MAXIMUM INTERNAL
FLEXIBILITY BY MOVING MODULAR PARTITION SPACINGS.
AN
ORDER OR CONTROL OF THE PARTITION ACCOMPLISHED BY ESTABLISHENG
A GRED UPON WHICH TO BUILD PARTITIONS. ALL SPACE WILL THEN
GROW IN INCREMENTS OF THE BASIC UNIT OF THE GRID : THE MODULE.
A MODULE OF
4'X
8' WAS SELECTED ON THE FOLLOWING PREMISES :
1. SMALLEST DESIRABLE WIDTH FOR CORRIDOR CIRCULATION 8'
2. BASIC INDIVIDUAL SPACE 8'X 12'
5. FLEXIBLE SPACING FOR LIGHT-DIFFUSER UNITS.
4. 32'X32'
BAY A MULTIPLE OF THE MODULE IS DESIGNED FOR
THE CORE AND A GOOD PARKING BAY SPACING.
5.
64'X64' A MULTIPLE OF THE MODULE PROVIDES MAXIMUM
FLEXIBILITY IN SIZE OF SPACES AND SIZE OF VOIDS.
TO ESTABLISH THE UNIFORM DEPTH OF EXPOSED BEAM AND GIRDER
TO FORM A LOGICAL AND SOUND CONSTRUCTION TERMINATION FOR
PARTITION.
THE CORES ARE DESIGNED TO BE MULTIPLES OF THE ESTABLISHED
STRUCTURAL BAY. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CORE,
STAIR,
ELEVATORS,
ONE HOUSES
SERVICE CLOSETS AND MECHANICAL DUCT
8
SPACE AND THE OTHER HOUSES STAIRS,
DUCT SPACE.
TOILETS AND MECHANICAL
THIS DUAL CORE SYSTEM ACHIEVES LARGER FLOOR
AREA UNDER EGRESS CODE RESTRICTION AND DIVIDES MECHANICAL
MAIN DISTRIBUTION TO REDUCE DUCT SIZE IN TURN REDUCES
STRUCTURAL OPENNINGS.
THE CORES THEN BECOME PART OF THE
SYSTEM AND DO NOT INTERRUPT THE INTEGRITY OF THE STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM.
THE DUAL CORE DESIGN ALSO PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY IN
SYSTEM OF GROWTH IN SMALLER INCREMENTS.
THE POSITIONING
OF THE CORES ESTABLISHES THE MAJOR HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
PATTERN,
MAJOR MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL AND BUILDING
CODE REQUIREMENTS.
PAIRED RECTANGLE COLUMNS LOCATED AT THE SAME DIRECTION OF
THE MAJOR GIRDER EMPHASIS THE ONE WAY SYSTEM,
THE MASS OF THE COLUMN.
IT ALSO REDUCED
THE OPENNING AT COLUMNS ALSO
EMPHASIS THE LOCATION OF MIXING BOXES AND THE SECONDARY
CHANNEL FOR MECHANICAL DUCTS,
IT IS POSSIBLE TO INDICATES
THE DIRECTION OF CORRIDOR AND POINT OF ENTRANCE OR EXITS.
9
STRUCTURE
ONE-WAY SYSTEM WITH A MODULE OF 4'X8'.
GIRDERS : 12" X
36" REINFORCED CONCRETE, SPAN 32'
NO OPENNINGS.
BEAM I :
6" X 36" PRECAST CONCRETE, SPAN
32'
WITH 12" X 48" OPENNINGS CARRYING MAJOR
MECHANICAL SUPPLY AND RETURN DUCTS.
BEAM II
; 6" X
36" PRECAST CONCRETE, SPAN 64'
WITH 12" X 24" OPENNINGS CARRYING LOCAL
DISTRIBUTION DUCTS.
COLUMNS : 12" X 42" REINFORCED CONCRETE POURED,
IN PAIR SBACED WITH A NOMINAL DIMENSION OF
ONE MODULE.
PROVIDED OPENNINGS BETWEEN COLUMNS FOR
SECONDARY MECHANICAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL.
TYPICAL FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT : 14'-o"
10
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
DUAL DUCT HIGH VELOCITY MAIN SUPPLY AT THE CORE.
ALL UTILITY-SERVICE LINES ARE TERMINATED IN A SUBBASEMENT AND EXTEND TO THE ROOF OFFERING VERTICAL EXHAUST.
THE COOLING TOWERS ARE LOCATED ON THE TOP OF EACH CORE.
THE BOILERS,
FAN ROOMS AND REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT ARE
LOCATED IN A SUB-BASEMENT MECHANICAL ROOM.
THE PRIMARY HORIZONTAL AIR SUPPLY AND RETURN IS LOW
VELOCITY AND LOCATED IN THE STRUCTURAL CAVITY ABOVE.
MIXING BOXES ARE LOCATED AT EACH COLUMN SPACING OF
321
AND THE OPENNING FOR SECONDARY SUPPLY AND RETURN CHANNEL.
ALL HORIZONTAL LINES,
PARTITIONS,
SO AS NOT TO INTERFERE WITH THE
WILL BE HOUSED WITHIN THE STRUCTURAL DEPTH.
DUCT RUN THROUGH OPENNINGS AT BEAMS ONLY, NO OPENNINGS AT
GIRDERS.
EACH MODULE HAS A DIFFUSER-LIGHTING UNIT.
EACH OTHER
MODULE HOUSES A SUPPLY DIFFUSER AND EACH ADJACENT MODULE
A RETURN DIFFUSER.
PROVIDE PLUG-IN CONNECTION OF SUPPLY OR
RETURN DIFFUSER FOR SPACE REQUIREMINTS.
THE PERIMETER ZONE AIR IS RE-HEATED OR RE-COOLED WITH
FAN COIL UNITS.
11
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
POUR CONCRETE FOUNDATION
POUR IN PLACE CONCRETE COLUMNS
PLACING PRE-CAST GIRDER
WELDING CONNECTION AT COLU4N AND GIRDER WITH PRE- SET
STEEL PLATE CONNECTION.
PLACING PRE-CAST BEAM1S
PLACING PRE-CAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAM AND LOCKED IN PLACE.
PLACEING CONCRETE SLABS
PLACE UNDER FLOOR ELECTRICAL DUCT
POUR CONCRETE TOPPING OR ROOFING
FINISH FLOORING OR ROOFING
PLACING MECHANICAL DUCT THROUGH STRUCTURAL CAVITY
PLUG - IN LIGHTING-DIFFUSER UNITS
PLACING ACOUSTICAL PANEL
12
ELECTRICAL
UNDER FLOOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. SINGLE -LEVEL DUCT
1 7/16" x 6 5/8" RECESSED STAINLESS STEEL JUNCTION BOX
COVER AND TRIM RING FLUSH FLOOR OUTLETS.
LIGHTING
LIGHTING AND DIFFUSERS COMBINE. PLUG IN CONNECTIONS.
SPACING AT EACH STRUCTURAL MODULE.
PARTITIONS
4' X 8' REMOVABLE PARTITION PANNEL WITH BUILT-IN INSULATION.
ACCOUSTICAL
MODULAR ACCOUSTICAL PANNELS PLACEED AT EACH STRUCTURAL
OPENNINGS AND AT SIDE OF PRE-CAST CONCRETE BEAMS.
NO CEILING ACCOUSTIC PANEL.
13
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PRE-CAS UNIT
PERIMETE FAN COIL L
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BEAM CROSS SECTION
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PRIMARYAIR SUPPLY&
RETURN CHANNEL
PARTITION
ELECTRICALRACEWAY
LIGHTING- DIFFUSERUNITS-
MECHANICAL DUCT SYSTEM
SECTION
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1966
Paul sun
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MIXING LOX
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connection
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CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
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1966
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