WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN
FOR
CITY OF CAPE TOWN
2007/08 – 2011/12
(Status: Draft 4)
Link to the 2007/08 WSDP on the Internet: GOTO
Link to the 2007/08 Executive Summary: GOTO
Link to the 2006/07 WSDP on the Internet: GOTO
Link to the 2006/7 Executive Summary: GOTO
Link to the 2004 WSDP Review: GOTO
Link to the 2001 WSDP: GOTO
Revision: 3 May 07
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CITY OF CAPE TOWN
WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2007/08 TO 2011/12
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS........................................................................................... xvii
KEY TERMS ................................................................................................................................... xviii
PREFACE......................................................................................................................................... xix
A.
INTRODUCTION : STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY ................. 1
A.1
GENERAL.................................................................................................................... 1
A.2
ROADMAP OF PLANNING FRAMEWORK................................................................. 2
A.3
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 2
A.4
IDP METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................. 5
A.5
PROGRAM INTERACTION AND DATA EXCHANGE............................................... 10
B.
ADMINISTRATION.................................................................................................... 11
B.1
NAME OF WSA ......................................................................................................... 11
B.2
STATUS OF THE WDSDP ........................................................................................ 11
B.3
WSDP DRAFT TEAM ................................................................................................ 11
B.3.1
Water services authority ............................................................................................ 11
B.3.2
Consultants................................................................................................................ 15
B.4
PROCESS FOLLOWED ............................................................................................ 15
B.5
COMMENTS .............................................................................................................. 15
B.6
ADOPTION RECORD................................................................................................ 16
B.7
WSDP COORDINATOR(S) ....................................................................................... 16
B.8
PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT .............................................................................. 16
B.9
DWAF Asset Transfer................................................................................................ 16
B.10
General ...................................................................................................................... 16
C.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 17
C.1
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS ......................................................................................... 18
C.1.1
What is backlog ......................................................................................................... 18
C1.2
What is the status of supply to higher levels of service? ........................................... 19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
C.1.3
Cost of eradicating backlogs...................................................................................... 19
C.1.4
What is the strategy to eradicate backlogs? .............................................................. 20
C.1.5
What is the status of all water infrastructure.............................................................. 20
C.1.6
Effective management ............................................................................................... 21
C.2
WATER SERVICES BUSINESS ELEMENT SUMMARY .......................................... 21
C.2.1
Socio-economic profile .............................................................................................. 21
C.2.2
Affordability of the service.......................................................................................... 22
C.2.3
Service level profile.................................................................................................... 23
C.2.4
Water resource profile ............................................................................................... 23
C.2.5
Water conservation and demand management ......................................................... 23
C.2.6
Wastewater effluent & the impact on water quality of rivers & water bodies ............. 26
C.2.7
Grey water informal settlements ................................................................................ 28
C.2.8
Water services infrastructures profile ........................................................................ 29
C.2.9
Water balance............................................................................................................ 29
C.2.10
Water services institutional arrangements................................................................. 30
C.2.11
Customer service profile ............................................................................................ 30
C.2.12
Financial profile.......................................................................................................... 30
D.
BACKGROUND TO THE AREA ............................................................................... 33
D.1
LOCATION ................................................................................................................ 33
D.2
WATER SERVICES AUTHORITY PERSPECTIVE................................................... 34
D.3
PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE ....................................................................................... 34
D.3.1
Topography................................................................................................................ 34
D.3.2
Climate....................................................................................................................... 37
D.3.3
Natural Environment .................................................................................................. 37
D.3.4
Main infrastructure development ............................................................................... 37
ii
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ITEM
DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... PAGE
D.4
DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE.............................................................................. 41
D.4.1
Economics ................................................................................................................. 41
D.4.2
Social ......................................................................................................................... 42
D.5
REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................................... 44
E.
IDP AND WSDP GOALS AND INTEGRATION ........................................................ 46
E.1
IDP PRIORITY ISSUES RELATED TO WATER SERVICES .................................... 46
E.2
SUSTAINABLE WATER SERVICES SUB-GOALS ................................................... 50
E.3
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SUB-GOALS........................ 50
E.4
EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE WATER SERVICES INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS SUB-GOALS............................................................................... 50
F
WATER SERVICES BUSINESS ELEMENTS........................................................... 52
F.1
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE .................................................................................. 52
F.1.1
Demographics............................................................................................................ 52
F.1.1.1
Situation assessment (demographics)....................................................................... 52
F.1.1.1.1
Current consumer profile ........................................................................................... 52
F.1.1.1.2
Poor household definition .......................................................................................... 53
F.1.1.1.3
Present population and projected population growth rates........................................ 53
F.1.1.1.4
Demographic trends and migration patterns.............................................................. 54
F.1.1.1.5
Age and gender profile .............................................................................................. 54
F.1.1.2
Future trends and goals (demographics)................................................................... 55
F.1.1.2.1
Consumer profile ....................................................................................................... 55
F.1.1.2.2
Population and projected population growth rates..................................................... 55
F.1.1.2.3
Demographic trends and migration patterns.............................................................. 55
F.1.1.2.4
Age and gender profile .............................................................................................. 56
F.1.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (demographics)...................................................................... 56
F.1.1.4
Implementation strategies (demographics)................................................................ 56
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.1.2
HEALTH..................................................................................................................... 57
F.1.2.1
Situation assessment (health) ................................................................................... 57
F.1.2.1.1
Health profile.............................................................................................................. 57
F.1.2.2
Future trends and goals (health)................................................................................ 59
F.1.2.2.1
Health profile.............................................................................................................. 59
F.1.2.3
Strategic gap analysis (health) .................................................................................. 59
F.1.2.4
Implementation strategies (health) ............................................................................ 59
F.1.3
EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME.................................................................................. 60
F.1.3.1
Situation assessment (employment and income) ...................................................... 60
F.1.3.1.1
Employment profile .................................................................................................... 60
F.1.3.1.2
Household income ..................................................................................................... 60
F.1.3.2
Future trends and goals (employment and income) .................................................. 61
F.1.3.2.1
Employment profile .................................................................................................... 61
F.1.3.2.2
Household income ..................................................................................................... 61
F.1.3.3
Strategic gap analysis (employment and income) ..................................................... 61
F.1.3.4
Implementation strategies (employment and income) ............................................... 61
F.1.4
ECONOMICS............................................................................................................. 62
F.1.4.1
Situation assessment (economics) ............................................................................ 62
F.1.4.1.1
Economic sectors, GGP contribution and employment ............................................. 62
F.1.4.1.2
Economic trends ........................................................................................................ 64
F.1.4.2
Future trends and goals (economics) ........................................................................ 64
F.1.4.2.1
Economic sectors, GGP contribution and employment ............................................. 64
F.1.4.2.2
Economic trends ........................................................................................................ 65
F.1.4.3
Strategic gap analysis (economics) ........................................................................... 65
F.1.4.4
Implementation and strategies................................................................................... 65
F.2
SERVICE LEVEL PROFILE....................................................................................... 65
F.2.1
Residential consumer units........................................................................................ 66
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.2.1.1
Situation assessment (residential consumer units) ................................................... 67
F.2.1.1.1
Residential consumer units for water......................................................................... 68
F.2.1.1.2
Residential consumer units for sanitation .................................................................. 69
F.2.1.2
Future trends and goals (residential and consumer units)......................................... 73
F.2.1.2.1
Residential consumer units for water......................................................................... 73
F.2.1.2.2
Residential consumer units for sanitation .................................................................. 73
F.2.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (residential consumer units) .................................................. 74
F.2.1.4
Implementation strategies (residential consumer units) ............................................ 74
F.2.2
Public institutions and ‘dry’ industries ........................................................................ 75
F.2.2.1
Situation assessment (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries)................................... 75
F.2.2.2
Future trends and goals (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries) ............................... 75
F.2.2.3
Strategic gap analysis (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries).................................. 75
F.2.2.4
Implementation strategies (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries)............................ 75
F.2.3
Wet industries ............................................................................................................ 75
F.2.3.1
Situation assessment (wet industries) ....................................................................... 75
F.2.3.1.1
Wet industries : urban and rural................................................................................. 75
F.2.3.2
Future trends and goals (wet industries) ................................................................... 75
F.2.3.2.1
Wet industries : urban and rural................................................................................. 75
F.2.3.3
Strategic gap analysis (wet industries) ...................................................................... 75
F.2.3.4
Implementations strategies (wet industries) .............................................................. 75
F.2.4
‘Raw’ water consumers.............................................................................................. 75
F.2.4.1
Situation assessment (‘raw’ water consumers) ......................................................... 75
F.2.4.2
Future trends and goals (‘raw’ water consumers)...................................................... 76
F.2.4.3
Strategic gap analysis ‘Raw’ water consumers : urban and rural .............................. 76
v
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ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.2.4.4
Implementation strategies (‘raw water consumers’) .................................................. 76
F.2.5
Industrial consumer units........................................................................................... 76
F.2.5.1
Situation assessment (industrial consumer units) ..................................................... 76
F.2.5.1.1
Industrial consumer units for sanitation ..................................................................... 76
F.2.5.2
Future trends and goals (industrial consumer units).................................................. 78
F.2.5.2.1
Industrial consumer units for sanitation ..................................................................... 78
F.2.5.3
Strategic gap analysis (industrial consumer units) .................................................... 78
F.2.5.4
Implementation strategies (industrial consumer units) .............................................. 78
F.2.6
Industries and their permitted effluent releases......................................................... 79
F.2.6.1
Situation assessment (industries and their permitted effluent releases) .................. 79
F.2.6.1.1
Industries and their permitted effluent releases......................................................... 79
F.2.6.2
Future trends and goals (industries and their permitted effluent releases)................ 82
F.2.6.2.1
Industries and their permitted effluent releases......................................................... 82
F.2.6.3
Strategic gap analysis (industries and their permitted effluent releases) .................. 82
F.2.6.4
Implementation strategies (industries and their permitted effluent releases) ............ 82
F.3
WATER RESOURCE PROFILE ................................................................................ 82
F.3.1
Water source ............................................................................................................. 82
F.3.1.1
Situation assessment................................................................................................. 82
F.3.1.1.1
Surface water sources ............................................................................................... 83
F.3.1.1.2
Groundwater sources – aquifer characteristics ......................................................... 84
F.3.1.1.3
Groundwater monitoring ............................................................................................ 84
F.3.1.1.4
External sources (where the WSA purchases water from others): ............................ 85
F.3.1.1.5
Water returned to resources ...................................................................................... 85
F.3.1.2
Future trends and goals (water source)..................................................................... 86
F.3.1.2.1
Surface water source................................................................................................. 88
F.3.1.2.2
Groundwater sources-aquifer characteristics ............................................................ 88
F.3.1.2.3
Groundwater monitoring ............................................................................................ 89
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ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.3.1.2.4
External sources (where the WSA purchases water from others) ............................. 89
F.3.1.2.5
Water returned to resources ...................................................................................... 90
F.3.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (water source)........................................................................ 90
F.3.1.3.1
Implementation strategies (water source).................................................................. 90
F.3.2
Water quality.............................................................................................................. 93
F.3.2.1
Situation assessment (water quality) ......................................................................... 93
F.3.2.1.1
Quality of water taken from source : urban................................................................ 93
F.3.2.1.2
Quality of water taken from source : rural .................................................................. 95
F.3.2.1.3
Reporting on quality of water from source : urban and rural...................................... 95
F.3.2.1.4
Quality of water returned to the resource : urban ...................................................... 95
F.3.2.1.5
Quality of water returned to the resource : rural ........................................................ 98
F.3.2.1.6
Pollution contingency measures ................................................................................ 98
F.3.2.2
Future trends and goals (water quality) ..................................................................... 99
F.3.2.2.1
Quality of water taken from source : urban................................................................ 99
F.3.2.2.2
Quality of water taken from source : rural .................................................................. 99
F.3.2.2.3
Report on quality of water taken from source : urban and rural................................. 99
F.3.2.2.4
Quality of water returned to the resource : urban ...................................................... 99
F.3.2.2.5
Quality of water returned to the resource : rural ........................................................ 99
F.3.2.2.6
Pollution contingency measures .............................................................................. 100
F.3.2.2.7
Strategic gap analysis (water quality) ...................................................................... 100
F.3.2.2.8
Implementation strategies (water quality) ................................................................ 100
F.3.3
Waterborne Sanitation ............................................................................................. 101
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.4
WATER CONSERVATION / DEMAND MANAGEMENT (WC/WDM)...................... 101
F.4.1
Water resource management interventions ............................................................. 101
F.4.1.1
Situation assessment (water resource management interventions) ........................ 109
F.4.1.1.1
Targets for reducing unaccounted for water and water inefficiencies: urban .......... 109
F.4.1.1.2
Reducing high pressures for residential consumers : urban.................................... 109
F.4.1.1.3
Reducing high pressures for residential consumers : rural...................................... 110
F.4.1.1.4
Consumer / end-use demand management : public information and education
programmes............................................................................................................. 110
F.4.1.1.5
Leak and meter repair programme : urban .............................................................. 110
F.4.1.1.6
Leak and meter repair programme : rural ................................................................ 111
F.4.1.1.7
Working for water programme ................................................................................. 111
F.4.1.1.8
Treated Effluent ....................................................................................................... 111
F.4.1.2
Future trends and goals (water resource management interventions) .................... 112
F.4.1.2.1
Targets for reducing unaccounted for water and water inefficiencies: urban .......... 112
F.4.1.2.2
Leak reducing high pressures for residential consumers : urban ............................ 112
F.4.1.2.3
Reducing high pressures for residential consumers : rural...................................... 112
F.4.1.2.4
Consumer / end-use demand management : public information and education
programmes............................................................................................................. 112
F.4.1.2.5
Leak and meter repair programmes : urban ............................................................ 113
F.4.1.2.6
Leak and meter repair programmes : rural .............................................................. 113
F.4.1.2.7
Working for water programme ................................................................................. 113
F.4.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (water resource management interventions) ....................... 113
F.4.1.4
Implementation strategies (water resource management interventions) ................. 114
F.5
WATER SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE PROFILE .............................................. 121
F.5.1.
Water services infrastructure ................................................................................... 121
F.5.1.1
Situation assessment (water services infrastructure) .............................................. 122
F.5.1.1.1
Existing infrastructure .............................................................................................. 122
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.5.1.1.2
Brief functional description of existing main infrastructure components
(urban and rural) ...................................................................................................... 124
F.5.1.1.3
Existing groundwater infrastructure ......................................................................... 124
F.5.1.1.4
Existing surface water infrastructure........................................................................ 125
F.5.1.1.5
Existing water treatment works infrastructure.......................................................... 128
F.5.1.1.6
Existing pump stations infrastructure....................................................................... 129
F.5.1.1.7
Existing bulk pipeline infrastructure ......................................................................... 131
F.5.1.1.8
Existing reservoir infrastructure ............................................................................... 131
F.5.1.1.9
Existing reticulation infrastructure (by supply zone) ................................................ 132
F.5.1.1.12
Schemes to be transferred : water........................................................................... 146
F.5.1.1.13
Schemes to be transferred : sanitation .................................................................... 146
F.5.1.1.14
Schemes to be rehabilitated .................................................................................... 146
F.5.1.2
Future trends and goals (water services infrastructure) .......................................... 148
F.5.1.2.1
New infrastructure to be built ................................................................................... 149
F.5.1.2.2
Future internal and connector infrastructure............................................................ 149
F.5.1.2.3
Future bulk supply infrastructure ............................................................................. 152
F.5.1.2.4
Future bulk sanitation infrastructure ........................................................................ 154
F.5.1.3
Strategic gap analysis.............................................................................................. 161
F.5.1.4
Implementation strategies (water services infrastructure) ....................................... 161
F.6
WATER BALANCE .................................................................................................. 163
F.6.1
Water balance.......................................................................................................... 163
F.6.1.1
Situation assessment (water balance) .................................................................... 163
F.6.1.1.1
Amount of bulk water abstracted ............................................................................ 163
F.6.1.1.2
Amount of bulk water purchased from others .......................................................... 164
F.6.1.1.3
Water supply to consumers .................................................................................... 164
F.6.1.1.4
Total physical water losses...................................................................................... 164
F.6.1.1.5
Total effluent received at treatment works............................................................... 164
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.6.1.2
Future trends and goals (water balance) ................................................................. 165
F.6.1.2.1
Amount of bulk water to be abstracted .................................................................... 165
F.6.1.2.2
Amount of bulk water to be purchased from other................................................... 166
F.6.1.2.3
Water to be supplied to consumers : ...................................................................... 166
F.6.1.2.4
Total physical water losses...................................................................................... 166
F.6.1.2.5
Total influent received at treatment works ............................................................... 166
F.6.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (water balance).................................................................... 166
F.6.1.4
Implementation strategies (water balance).............................................................. 166
F.7
WATER SERVICES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT PROFILE........................ 167
F.7.1
Water services institutional arrangements............................................................... 167
F.7.1.1
Situation assessment (water services institutional arrangements profile) ............... 167
F.7.1.1.1
WSA functions and outputs ..................................................................................... 169
F.7.1.1.2
WSA capacity development..................................................................................... 171
F.7.1.1.3
Bylaws affecting water services............................................................................... 172
F.7.1.1.4
Water services provides (retail water) ..................................................................... 172
F.7.1.1.5
Water services providers (sanitation) ..................................................................... 172
F.7.1.1.6
Water services providers (bulk water) .................................................................... 173
F.7.1.1.7
Water services providers (bulk sanitation) .............................................................. 173
F.7.1.1.8
Support services agents (water) ............................................................................. 173
F.7.1.1.9
Sanitation promotion agent : ................................................................................... 173
F.7.1.1.10
Support service contract : ....................................................................................... 173
F.7.1.1.12
WSP staffing levels : water ...................................................................................... 173
F.7.1.1.13
WSP staffing levels : sanitation .............................................................................. 173
F.7.1.1.14
WSP training programmes ...................................................................................... 174
F.7.1.2
Future trends and goals (water services institutional arrangements) ...................... 174
F.7.1.2.1
Water services providers (retail water) ................................................................... 175
F.7.1.2.2
Water services providers (sanitation water) ............................................................ 175
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.7.1.2.3
Water services providers (bulk water) .................................................................... 175
F.7.1.2.4
Water services providers (bulk sanitation) .............................................................. 175
F.7.1.2.5
Support services agent (water) ............................................................................... 177
F.7.1.2.6
Sanitation promotion agent ..................................................................................... 178
F.7.1.3
Strategic gap analysis.............................................................................................. 178
F.7.1.4
Implementations strategies (water services institutional arrangements) ................. 178
F.8
CUSTOMER SERVICE PROFILE ........................................................................... 179
F.8.1
Customer service..................................................................................................... 179
F.8.1.1
Situation assessment (customer services) .............................................................. 179
F.8.1.1.1
Quality of service for water ..................................................................................... 181
F.8.1.1.2
Attending to complaints for water ........................................................................... 182
F.8.1.1.3
Attending to complaints for sanitation ..................................................................... 184
F.8.1.1.4
Education for basic water services .......................................................................... 185
F.8.1.1.5
Pollution awareness................................................................................................. 185
F.8.1.2
Future trends and goals (customer services) .......................................................... 186
F.8.1.2.1
Quality of service for water : urban and rural ........................................................... 186
F.8.1.2.2
Attending to complaints for water : urban and rural ................................................. 186
F.8.1.2.3
Attending to complaints for sanitation : urban and rural .......................................... 187
F.8.1.2.4
Education for basic water services .......................................................................... 187
F.8.1.2.5
Pollution awareness................................................................................................. 187
F.8.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (customer services) ............................................................. 187
F.8.1.4
Implementations strategies (customers services).................................................... 187
F.9
FINANCIAL PROFILE.............................................................................................. 189
F.9.1
Capital funds............................................................................................................ 191
F.9.1.1
Situation assessment (capital funds) ....................................................................... 192
F.9.1.1.1
Capital expenditure (budget) : water (R Million) ...................................................... 192
F.9.1.1.2
Sources of capital income : water (R Million)........................................................... 192
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ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.9.1.1.3
Sources of capital income : sanitation (R Million) .................................................... 192
F.9.1.2
Future trends and goals (capital funds) ................................................................... 193
F.9.1.2.1
Capital expenditure (budget) : water........................................................................ 193
F.9.1.2.2
Capital expenditure (budget) : sanitation (R Million)................................................ 193
F.9.1.2.3
Sources of capital income : water (R Million)........................................................... 194
F.9.1.2.4
Sources of capital income : sanitation (R Million) .................................................... 194
F.9.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (capital funds) ...................................................................... 194
F.9.1.4
Implementation strategies (water services institutional arrangements) ................... 194
F.9.2
Operating cost and income...................................................................................... 195
F.9.2.1
Situation assessment (operating costs and income) ............................................... 195
F.9.2.1.1
Operating costs : water............................................................................................ 196
F.9.2.1.2
Operating costs : sanitation ..................................................................................... 196
F.9.2.1.3
Operating income : subsidies .................................................................................. 196
F.9.2.1.4
Operating income : tariffs......................................................................................... 196
F.9.2.2
Future trends and goals (operating cost and income) ............................................. 196
F.9.2.2.1
Operating costs : water............................................................................................ 196
F.9.2.2.2
Operating costs : sanitation ..................................................................................... 197
F.9.2.2.3
Operating income : subsidies .................................................................................. 197
F.9.2.2.4
Operating income : tariff .......................................................................................... 198
F.9.2.3
Strategic gap analysis (operating cost and income) ................................................ 198
F.9.2.4
Implementation strategic (operating cost and income) ............................................ 198
F.9.3
Tariff and charges.................................................................................................... 199
F.9.3.1
Situation assessment (tariff and charges) ............................................................... 199
F.9.3.1.1
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for water .................................................... 199
F.9.3.1.2
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for sanitation.............................................. 199
F.9.3.1.3
Volume charges or other charge mechanisms : residential sanitation .................... 199
F.9.3.1.4
Block tariffs : residential (R/kl) for water ................................................................. 200
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ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.9.3.2
Future trends and goals (tariff and charges)............................................................ 200
F.9.3.2.1
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for water .................................................... 200
F.9.3.2.2
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for sanitation.............................................. 200
F.9.3.2.3
Volume charges or other charge mechanisms : residential sanitation .................... 200
F.9.3.2.4
Block tariffs : residential (R/kl) for water ................................................................. 201
F.9.3.3
Strategic analysis (tariff and charges) ..................................................................... 201
F.9.3.4
Implementation strategies (tariff and charges) ........................................................ 201
F.9.4
Free basic water ...................................................................................................... 204
F.9.4.1
Situation assessment (free basic water).................................................................. 204
F.9.4.1.1
Subsidy targeting approach for free basic water ..................................................... 204
F.9.4.2
Future trends and goals (free basic water) .............................................................. 204
F.9.4.2.1
Subsidy targeting approach for free basic water ..................................................... 204
F.9.4.3
Strategic gap analysis (free basic water)................................................................. 204
F.9.4.4
Implementation strategies........................................................................................ 204
F.9.5
Charges and block tariffs ......................................................................................... 205
F.9.5.1
Situation assessment (charges and block tariffs) .................................................... 205
F.9.5.1.1
Fixed charges and block tariffs ................................................................................ 205
F.9.5.1.2
Fixed charges and block tariffs : industrial for wastewater (per month)................... 205
F.9.5.1.3
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for wastewater (per kl) ..................... 206
F.9.5.1.4
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for wastewater (per month)............... 206
F.9.5.1.5
Fixed charges and block tariffs : other for water...................................................... 206
F.9.5.2
Future trends and goals (charges and block tariffs) ................................................ 206
F.9.5.2.1
Fixed charges and block tariffs : industrial for water................................................ 206
F.9.5.2.2
Fixed charges and block tariffs : industrial for wastewater ...................................... 206
F.9.5.2.3
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for water............................................ 206
F.9.5.2.4
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for wastewater .................................. 206
F.9.5.3
Strategic gap analysis (charges and block tariffs) ................................................... 207
xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.9.5.4
Implementation strategies (charges and block tariffs) ............................................. 207
F.9.6
Income and sales..................................................................................................... 209
F.9.6.1
Situation assessment (income and sales) ............................................................... 209
F.9.6.1.1
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : water (R) ................................ 209
F.9.6.1.2
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : sanitation (R).......................... 209
F.9.6.1.3
Sales arrangements................................................................................................. 209
F.9.6.2
Future trends and goals (income and sales) ........................................................... 210
F.9.6.2.1
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : water ..................................... 210
F.9.6.2.2
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : sanitation................................ 210
F.9.6.2.3
Sales arrangements................................................................................................. 211
F.9.6.3
Strategic gap analysis (income and sales) .............................................................. 211
F.9.6.4
Implementation strategies (income and sales) ........................................................ 211
F.9.7
Metering and Billing Urban ...................................................................................... 212
F.9.7.1
Situation and assessment (metering and billing) ..................................................... 212
F.9.7.1.1
Metering and billing : urban ..................................................................................... 212
F.9.7.1.2
Metering and billing : rural ....................................................................................... 213
F.9.7.2
Future trends and goals (metering and billing) ........................................................ 213
F.9.7.2.1
Metering and billing : urban ..................................................................................... 213
F.9.7.2.2
Metering and billing : rural ....................................................................................... 213
F.9.7.3
Strategic gap analysis (metering and billing) ........................................................... 213
F.9.7.4
Implementation and strategies (metering and billing) .............................................. 213
F.10
LIST OF PROJECTS ............................................................................................... 214
F.10.1
Projects.................................................................................................................... 214
F.10.2
Annual water and sanitation projects list ................................................................. 222
F.10.3
WSA sustainability project list.................................................................................. 222
F.10.4
Future trends and goals (projects)........................................................................... 222
xiv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
F.11
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...................................................................... 223
F.11.1
Current Situation...................................................................................................... 223
F.11.2
Future Trends and Targets ...................................................................................... 229
xv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIGURES
1.
Figure D.1 Locality Plan
2.
Figure D.3.1 Topography
3.
Figure D.3.4a: Cape Town’s urban footprint: 1977 versus 2006
4.
Figure D.3.4b Existing Land Use and Potential Future Development Areas
5.
Figure 3, based on the above key socio-economic variables, illustrates the spatial
variations in levels of living
6.
Figure D.4.2: Households earning below Household Subsistence Level
7.
Figure F.1.1.1.5 Age – Sex Distribution of Population
8.
Figure F.1.4.1.2: Comparison of level of unemployment and GGP growth in Cape
Town
9.
The general percentage distribution of households with inadequate sanitation
services correlate to a large extent with the location of informal settlements as
determined through aerial and on-site surveys and depicted in Figure F.2.1.1.2a and
10.
Figure F.2.1.1.2b.
11.
Figure F.3.1.2a : Demand growth Projections versus Supply Available
12.
The distribution of water demand is given in Figure F.3.1.2b below
13.
Figure F.4a: Impact of past restrictions and WC/WDM
14.
Figure F.4b: Impact of proposed WC/WDM
15.
Figure F.5.1(a) : Main Components of Bulk Water Supply Infrastructure
16.
Figure F.5.1 (b) Main components of Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure showing
Catchments
17.
Figure F.5.1(b).
18.
Figure F.5.1.2.3 - Future Bulk Water Infrastructure Requirements
xvi
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
AADD
BH
CMA
CU
DWAF
EIA
GGP
IDP
incl.
IWRP
kl
Ml
MIG
n.a.
N/A
NIS
PS
RES
SDF
SPA
SSA
SW
UAW
VIP
WC/WDM
WfW
WSA
WSDP
WSP
WTW
WWTW
%/a
Annual Average Daily Demand
Borehole
Catchment Management Authority
Consumer Unit
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Environmental Impact Assessment
Gross Geographic Product
Integrated Development Plan
included
Integrated Water Resource Planning
kilolitre
Megalitre
Municipal Infrastructure Grant
not available
Not Applicable
National Information Systems
Pump Station
Reservoir
Spatial Development Framework
Sanitation Promotion Agent
Support Services Agent
Surface Water
Unaccounted Water
Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine
Water Conservation / Water Demand Management
Working for Water
Water Services Authority
Water Services Development Plan
Water Services Provider
Water Treatment Works
Wastewater Treatment Works
Percentage per annum
xvii
KEY TERMS
TERM
Basic Water Supply Facility
Basic Water Supply Service
Basic Sanitation Facility
Basic Sanitation Service
IDP
MIG
WSA
WSDP
WSP
INTERPRETATION
The infrastructure necessary to supply 25 litres of
potable water per person per day supplied within 200
metres of a household and with a minimum flow of
10 litres per minute (in the case of communal water
points) or 6 000 litres of potable water supplied per
formal connection per month (in the case of yard or
house connections).
The provision of a basic water supply facility, the
sustainable operation of the facility (available for at least
350 days per year and not interrupted for more than 48
consecutive hours per incident) and the communication
of good water-use, hygiene and related practices.
The infrastructure necessary to provide a sanitation
facility which is safe, reliable, private, protected from the
weather and ventilated, keeps smells to the minimum, is
easy to keep clean, minimises the risk of the spread of
sanitation-related diseases by facilitating the appropriate
control of disease carrying flies and pests, and enables
safe and appropriate treatment and/or removal of human
waste and wastewater in an environmentally sound
manner.
The provision of a basic sanitation facility which is easily
accessible to a household, the sustainable operation of
the facility, including the safe removal of human waste
and wastewater from the premises where this is
appropriate and necessary, and the communication of
good sanitation, hygiene and related practices.
A municipal plan as defined in the Municipal Systems
Act.
A conditional grant from national government to support
investment in basic municipal infrastructure.
A water services authority is any municipality that has
the executive authority to provide water services within
its area of jurisdiction in terms of the Municipal
Structures Act 118 of 1998 or the ministerial
authorisations made in terms of this Act. There can only
be one water services authority in any specific area.
Water services authority area boundaries cannot
overlap. Water services authorities are metropolitan
municipalities, district municipalities and authorised local
municipalities.
A plan for water and sanitation services in terms of the
Water Services Act.
A Water services provider is
•
•
xviii
Any person who has a contract with a water
services authority or another water services
provider to sell water to, and/or accept wastewater
for the purpose of treatment from, that authority or
provider (bulk water services provider); and / or
Any person who has a contract with a water
services authority to assume operational
responsibility for providing water services to one or
more consumers (end users) within a specific
geographic area (retail water services provider); or
KEY TERMS
•
A water services authority which provides either or
both of the above services itself
xix
PREFACE
PREFACE
This report entails the 2007/08 to 2011/12 Water Services Development Plan for City of
Cape Town.
The City of Cape Town Water Services Development Plan was jointly undertaken and
executed by the Water and Sanitation Department and Community Engineering Services
(CES) Engineers.
The 2007/08 WSDP for the City of Cape Town (CCT) is presented for the first time in the
format as required by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (version 10). While the
general format is followed not all the formats of the tables are followed. In order to make the
document more relevant to managers CCT has rather followed the approach of presenting
tables that are used by managers in day to day operations e.g. tables generated from the
computer system SAP. This will help to ensure that the WSDP becomes a useful
management tool.
xx
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
A.
INTRODUCTION : STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY
A.1
GENERAL
The 2007/08 WSDP for the City of Cape Town (CCT) is presented below in
the latest format (version 10) as required by the Department of Water Affairs
and Forestry. CCT developed their own format in their first WSDP in 2001
and this is the first version that follows the DWAF format. While the Chapter
and section headings have been followed, not all the tables in version 10
have been incorporated. In a number of places tables have been adapted to
conform with the format city officials already collect information. This should
assist in later updates. The format has been adapted in places to improve the
flow of the document. By making these adaptions it is hoped that there will be
greater buy-in and the document become a useful planning tool.
The report was compiled using information extracted from a variety of
sources,
♦ the 2006/07 WSDP
♦ the 2005/06 annual report
♦ the 2006/07 IDP
♦ the 2007/08 IDP (Draft 15.03.07vx2.2.doc)
♦ the State of Cape Town 2006
♦ Departmental SDBIP’s (Service Delivery Business Implementation Plans)
and Performance Scorecards
♦ Information about the latest available Master Plans
♦ Historical and future capital and operating budgets
♦ various reports,
♦ Census 2006
Due to time and other constraints it has not always been possible to collect all
the necessary information. Where there are gaps this issue has been
highlighted.
Historical information for previous financial years has been difficult to obtain
in certain instances. Where historical information is provided it is not
necessarily 100% accurate and should be used as a guide that identifies
trends. This is particularly important in the case of financial information, which
has not been extracted from the financial statements.
It is a concern that there is a lack of capacity in certain areas to collect the
necessary information. Officials are in many cases stretched and have to fit
the WSDP into their busy schedules. Officials currently spend an enormous
amount of time collecting information for senior management and politicians.
Much of this information is similar to what is required for the WSDP but in a
different format and for different purposes. The more the general information
gathering process can be streamlined with the WSDP needs taken into
account the easier it will be to produce future updates.
1
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
A.2
ROADMAP OF PLANNING FRAMEWORK
The roadmap of the planning framework is outlined in the table in section A.4.
A.3
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
The strategic analysis and planning process is outlined in flow chart below.
This is an ongoing process and happens at both a “micro” and “macro” level
of strategic planning.
♦ Situation Assessment
♦ Data is captured in terms of the various chapter headings of the Water
Services Development Plan. These chapter headings identify the key
components of the water services business.
♦ The data is analysed and the current state of the key components was
identified.
♦ Set Goals and Objectives
♦ The national agenda as contained in the Water Services Act (Act 109
of 1997) and the Strategic Framework for Water Services (September
2003), and the City’s Integrated development Plan (IDP) informed the
desired future state or vision for Cape Town Water Services.
♦ Goals and objectives are set
♦ From the current state and desired future state a strategic gap analysis is
done and the challenges determined.
♦ The options to achieve these goals and objectives are identified
♦ The options are investigated and the constraints of each option identified
♦ The most suitable option is chosen and action steps to implement the
option identified.
♦ The implementation of the strategy and action steps then follows.
♦ Monitoring KPIs and evaluating the effectiveness of the strategy is
ongoing and included in the annual report. (Is the gap closing?)
♦ Gap closing? – continue with strategy. Gap not closing or is not closing
sufficiently fast? – revise strategy
♦ Go through the cycle again.
2
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
National
policies
and
legislation
1. Situation Assessment
2.
Set Goals
and
Objectives
and identify
trends
Current
State
Status Quo
Current
Situation
Gap
Desired
Vision /
Future
State
National Vision
3. What are the options to close the gap?
(Strategic gap analysis)
4. Investigate the options, identify constraints
8. Monitor KPIs
and evaluate
(Annual Report)
5. Decide on the Strategy
7. Implement
6. Decide on action steps
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
A.4
IDP METHODOLOGY
The Process of developing the WSDP is fully integrated into the IDP process and outlined in the table below. The WSDP is a
sector plan of the IDP. For the direct Water and Sanitation Services Department and the Utilities Services Portfolio Committee’s
involvement and input refer to the shaded sections.
PROCESS AND DELIVERABLES NEEDED TOWARDS OBTAINING APPROVAL FOR THE CITY’S 5 YEAR PLAN
Deliverable
Meeting
Jan
Process proposals towards the completion of the 5 year plan for the City
EMT
16
S4+
24
EMT
30
o
Layout framework on the IDP document
o
Progress towards the completion of the IDP document
o
Deliverables needed towards 31 May 07
Workshop towards the preparation of proposals to EMT on:
o
Corporate Strategic Framework
o
Strategic choices
o
Operations Integration Model
Meeting to discuss and agree on:
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
In-depth discussion on the
o
Corporate Strategic Framework
Operations integration model
o
Strategic choices
and strategic choices
o
Operations Integration Model
o
Draft Corporate Scorecard for the City
4
Jun
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Deliverable
Meeting
Jan
Requests for information (Statutory compliance, DPLG and Provincial Government
requirements) to be submitted to the IDP office
IDP Office
30
Feb
ED’s
Alignment Task Group to review Part A and Part B and submitted to the IDP office
IDP Office
26
ATG
Meeting with ODA on the completion of the 1st draft of the IDP document for discussion
and consideration by EMT
IDP Office
29
ODA
EMT to review the Strategic choices, revised PART A (Objectives) and PART B
(Programmes)
30
Mayco/Portfolio Committee Workshop where Mayco members will present their strategic
positions/plan for their portfolios for discussion and consideration
Updating of the narrative section of the Part A section of the IDP document
1
IDP Office
2
C Haskins
Distribution of draft IDP document for discussion by EMT (Closing date)
EMT
2
Secretariat
Writing of the narrative section of the Part B section (Programmes) of the IDP document
IDP Office
5
ATG
Completion of the 1st draft of the IDP document for discussion and consideration by EMT
IDP Office
ODA
5
5
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Meeting
Deliverable
Completion of the 1st draft of the Corporate Scorecard (KPI’s and targets) for
consideration by EMT
Jan
Feb
5
Meeting to discuss and agree on the draft IDP and Corporate Scorecard for discussion
and work-shopping at the 14 Feb 07 Mayco Workshop
EMT
7
Issue request to Executive Directors to complete:-
ED’s
6
o
Directorate Business Plans based on IDP objectives, KPI’s and programmes
o
Departmental Business Plans based on (And linked to) IDP and Directorate
objectives, KPI’s and programmes
o
Directorate SDBIP’s and Performance Scorecards based on (And linked to)
IDP objectives, KPI’s and programmes
o
Departmental SDBIP’s and Performance Scorecards based on (And linked to)
IDP and Directorate objectives, KPI’s and programmes
Distribution of draft IDP document for discussion by MAYCO (Closing date)
Directors
MAYCO
7
Secretariat
Meeting Cllr Kinnahan, Cllr Walker on IDP public engagement requirements for the year.
IDP,
Planning
8
Cllrs
Workshop to discuss and agree on the draft IDP document
MAYCO
15
Mayco workshop to conclude IDP document and corporate scorecard
MAYCO
1921
6
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
A special session of EMT
may be required
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Deliverable
Meeting
MTech meeting with Provincial Sector departments on the IDP document, Budget
compilation and state of the city analysis document
IDP
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
23
KMI
Finance
Governance
Consider,discuss changes to the IDP document and recommend revised draft IDP to
Mayco, Sub-Councils and Portfolio Committees
EMT
To discuss and comment on the Draft IDP document
Portfolio
27
1-6
Committees
To discuss and comment on the Draft IDP document
FOCOS
7
To discuss and comment on the Draft IDP document before Portfolio Committe and SubCouncil inputs
MAYCO
7
To discuss and comment on the Draft IDP document
SubCouncils
13,15,
19
To discuss and comment on the Draft IDP document after Portfolio Committe and SubCouncil inputs
MAYCO
20
To consider and approve the IDP and Budget for public comment
Council
28
Warning the public of engagement on the draft IDP and Budget
Adverts
29 to
SC Mngrs &
chairs
7
10
May
Jun
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Meeting
Deliverable
Jan
Feb
Internal consultation on the IDP comment
•
Email campaign
•
Briefing to Line based Finance Managers
•
Briefing to Line beasd Performance Managers
•
Intranet publication
•
Posters in all offices for awareness
30
Public Engagement for public comment on the draft IDP and budget:
o
Ward/Sub-Council meetings and workshops
o
Website Blog
o
SMS facility
o
Written comments and submissions
o
Sector and sectoral intertests
IDP
ED’s
o
Directorate Business Plans (Comprehensive and 2 page summary) based on
IDP objectives, KPI’s and programmes
o
Departmental Business Plans (Comprehensive and 2 page summary) based
on IDP and Directorate objectives, KPI’s and programmes
Directorate SDBIP’s and Performance Scorecards based on IDP objectives,
KPI’s and programmes
8
Directors
Apr
28
30
May
22
10
22
Office
Executive Directors to submit:-
o
Mar
-
Jun
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Meeting
Deliverable
o
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
9
Departmental SDBIP’s and Performance Scorecards based on IDP and
Directorate objectives, KPI’s and programmes
Business Plans to be submitted to the IDP office. Summaries will be included in
addendum to the Comprehensive IDP document. Business Plans also to be submitted to
Portfolio Committees and Executive Mayco Members for consideration.
9
SDBIP’s to be submitted to the IDP office for the finalization of the report to the Mayor.
Also to be submitted to Portfolio Committees and Executive Mayco Members for
consideration.
Performance Scorecards (Directorate) submitted to the OPMS and HR offices for the
compilation of performance agreements.
Submission of business plans and SDBIP’s to portfolio committees:
-
Directorate
-
Departmental
2-11
2-9
Meeting to consider, comment and make recommendations to MAYCO on the final draft
of the IDP document
EMT
30
Meeting to consider, comment and make recommendations to MAYCO on the final draft
of the IDP document
FOCOS
2
Meeting to consider, comment and make recommendations to Executive Mayco
Members on the directorate and departmental Business Plans and SDBIP’s
Portfolio
3-8
Committees
Meeting to consider, comment and make recommendations to MAYCO on the final draft
of the IDP document
Portfolio
Committees
9
3-8
Jun
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Deliverable
Meeting
Meeting to consider, comment and make recommendations to Council on the final draft of
the IDP document
MAYCO
15
Meeting to consider and approve the final draft of the IDP document and Budgets
Council
30
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Advertisement to make the public aware that a summary ot the IDP is available
10
Submit the approved IDP document to the MEC of Local Government and Housing in
terms of statutory requirements
10
Submit the High-level SDBIP to the Mayor for approval
14
Mayor to approve the High level SDBIP
28
Submit high level SDBIP to Council for notification
29/8
A.5
PROGRAM INTERACTION AND DATA EXCHANGE
The program interaction and data exchange is covered in the table under A.4
10
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
B.
ADMINISTRATION
B.1
NAME OF WSA
The Water Services Authority is the City of Cape Town.
B.2
1.
Name
City of Cape Town
2.
Address
Civic Centre, Hertzhog Blvd, Cape Town
STATUS OF THE WDSDP
This WSDP is the 3rd comprehensive WSDP of the CCT since 2002, following
on a Review Document in 2004 (GOTO) and an annual report at the end of
2005/06 (GOTO).
B.3
WSDP DRAFTING TEAM
B.3.1
Water services authority
The WSDP was compiled by a team of City of Cape Town Staff led by Mr
Zolile Basholo (Manager: WDM & Strategy) and Mr Jaco de Bruyn (Manager:
Water Services Development Planning):
WSA BUSINESS ELEMENT LIAISON
ORGANOGRAM
DATE: 2006/07
PROVINCE:Western Cape
WSA:City of Cape Town
PSP:City of Cape Town
WSA LIAISON OFFICIALS
WSDP Co-ordination
WSA Liaison
Person
Jaco de Bruyn
x
Directorate
Directorate: Water and x
Sanitation
Designation
Head WSDP /
Integrated Master
Planning
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1424
x
Email
jaco.debruyn@cape
town.gov.za
x
IDP Coordination
WSA Liaison
Person
Martin Van Der Merve
x
Directorate
Directorate: Executive
x
11
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Management Unit
Designation
Director: IDP
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 400-1211 / 1335
x
Email
x
martin van der
merve@capetown.gov.
za
Business Element: Socio-Economic Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Craig Haskins
(Demographics)
Carol Wright
x
Directorate
Strategy and
Development
Strategy and
Development
x
Designation
Head: Strategic
Information
Manager: Economic
Information
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 400 2066
(021) 483 9023
x
Email
craig.haskins@capeto
wn.gov.za
carol.wright@capetown x
.gov.za
Business Element: Service Level
Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Jaco de Bruyn
Michael Page (Informal x
Settlements)
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and x
Sanitation
Sanitation
Designation
Head WSDP /
Integrated Master
Planning
Acting Informal
Settlements
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1424
9021) 970 3019
x
Email
jaco.debruyn@cape
town.gov.za
michael.page@capeto x
wn.gov.za
Business Element: Water Resource Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Paul Rhode (Water
Resources)
Peter King (WWTWs)
Mpharu Hloyi (LAB
Tests)
Julian Daniels
(WC/WDM)
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and x
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Designation
Head: Planning - Bulk
Water
Head: Operations
Support
Manager: Scientific
Services
Head: Water Demand
Management
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 487 2487
(021) 487 2603
(021) 684 1000
(021) 590 1601
x
Email
paul.rhode@capetown. peter.king@capetown.g mpharu.hloyi@capetow julian.daniels@capetow x
gov.za
ov.za
n.gov.za
n.gov.za
Business Element: Water Conservation / Water Demand Management Profile (WC/WDM)
WSA Liaison
Person
Juliane Daniels
x
Directorate
Directorate: Water and x
12
x
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Sanitation
Designation
Head: Water Demand
Management
x
Contact
numbers
590 1601
x
Email
julian.daniels@capetow x
n.gov.za
Business Element: Water Services Infrastructure Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Jaco de Bruyn
Paul Rhode (Bulk
Water Planning)
Alan Maxwell (WWTWs Anic Smit (Reticulation Sifiso Mdakane (Asset
Planning)
Planning)
Management)
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Designation
Head WSDP /
Integrated Master
Planning
Head: Planning - Bulk
Water
Head: Develop &
Infras. Planning
Acting Head Planning,
Design and Projects
Manager: Engineering
& Asset Management
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1424
(021) 487 2487
(021) 487 2739
(021) 918 7367
(021) 487 2455
Email
jaco.debruyn@cape
town.gov.za
paul.rhode@capetown. alan.maxwell@capetow anic.smith@capetown. sifiso.madakane@cape
gov.za
n.gov.za
gov.za
town.gov.za
jaco.debruyn@cape town.gov.za
WSA Liaison
Person
Jaco de Bruyn
Paul Rhode (Water
Resources)
Julian Daniels
Mogamat Nazeem
Marlie (Consumer
meters)
x
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and x
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Designation
Head WSDP /
Integrated Master
Planning
Head: Planning - Bulk
Water
Head: Water Demand
Management
Head:Customer and
Meter Management
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1424
(021) 487 2487
(021) 590 1601
(021) 400 3348
x
Email
jaco.debruyn@cape
town.gov.za
paul.rhode@capetown. julian.daniels@capetow mogamat.marlie@cape x
gov.za
n.gov.za
town.gov.za
Business Element: Water Services Institutional Arrangements
Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Danie Klopper
x
Directorate
Directorate: Water and x
Sanitation
Designation
Directorate: Policy,
Strategy & Regulation
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1488
x
Email
danie.klopper@capeto x
wn.gov.za
Business Element: Customer Services Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Danie Klopper
Carina Crouse
(Technical Operating
Cathrine Wilson (WDM Mogamat Nazeem
Awareness)
Marlie
13
Juliane Daniels
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Centre)
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Sanitation
Designation
Directorate: Policy,
Strategy & Regulation
Toc Centre
Communications
Officer
Head: Customer and
Meter Management
Head: Water Demand
Management
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1488
(021) 957 4759
(021) 761 0989
(021) 400 3348
(021) 590 1601
Email
danie.klopper@capeto carina.crouse@capeto cathrine.wilson@capet mogamat.marlie@cape julian.daniels@capetow
wn.gov.za
wn.gov.za
own.gov.za
town.gov.za
n.gov.za
Business element: Financial Profile
WSA Liaison
Person
Jaco de Bruyn
Michelle Brown
(Finance Manager for
water)
x
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and x
Sanitation
Sanitation
Designation
Head WSDP /
Integrated Master
Planning
Manager: Finance
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1424
(021) 487 2668
x
Email
jaco.debruyn@cape
town.gov.za
michelle.brown@capet x
own.gov.za
Business Element: List of Projects
WSA Liaison
Person
Jaco de Bruyn
Michelle Brown
Wouter Loots (PMU)
Directorate
Directorate: Water and Directorate: Water and Directorate:Utility
Sanitation
Sanitation
Services
x
Designation
Head WSDP /
Integrated Master
Planning
Manager: Finance
Director: Project
Management Unit
x
Contact
numbers
(021) 590 1424
(021) 487 2668
(021) 850 4180
x
Email
jaco.debruyn@cape
town.gov.za
michelle.brown@capet wouter.loots@capetow x
own.gov.za
n.gov.za
14
x
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
B.3.2
B.4
Consultants
Comp
Chapter
Name
Designation
Role
Tel No
email
All
All
Dr L
Geustyn
Director
Project
Sponsor
021 880 0388
Leon@gls.co.za
All
All
J Frame
Engineer
Project Leader
082 479 6398
Johnframe@telkomsa.n
et
All
All
A Van
Niekerk
Engineer
Engineer
082 455 2066
Avanniekerk@adept.co.
za
PROCESS FOLLOWED
The process used to compile the WSDP was based on Section 14 to 18 of the
Water Services Act (Act 108 of 1997). The methodology adopted was to
realign the 2006/07 WSDP to version 10 of “DWAF’s Guide Framework and
Checklist for the Development of Water Service Development Plans” dated
2006 and then to update its content.
The update takes into account the gaps in the previous WSDP, the IDP
process as outlined under section A.4, the latest strategic thinking, the current
status of issues affecting Water Services and updating old base information.
From this document an Executive Summary (GOTO) was compiled. This
Executive Summary was used as the Water Services sector plan in the IDP.
This WSDP, as submitted to the DWAF and incorporated into the Cape Town
IDP, will be available in three formats:
-
A CD with the full report with links to related studies, detail reports,
policies and databases;
-
A website version without the links; (GOTO)
-
A printed version without the links.
Information presented in this report has been included with the emphasis on
the identification of issues effecting water and sanitation services provision.
Integration with IDP
The timeframes outlining the internal interaction with City officials and
politicians and with the public is contained in the table under A.3.
B.5
COMMENTS
Components
Interest Group
Considerations
Comments
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Comments will be received as part of the IDP process and will then be
incorporated into the WSDP. The closing date for public comments is 10 May
2007.
15
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
B.6
ADOPTION RECORD
Components
B.7
Action
All
Drafting of WSDP
All
Updating to final WSDP
(2007/08)
Approval reference
Date
WSDP COORDINATOR
Name
J de Bruyn
Designation
WSDP Manager
Role
Team Vice Captain
Telephone No /
E-mail
021 590 1424
jaco.debruyn@capetown.gov.za
B.8
PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT
The City’s MIG Project Management Unit co-ordinates the allocation and
distribution of funds. Water and Sanitation Services’ projects are managed by
the department.
B.9
DWAF Asset Transfer
There are no assets that need to be transferred from DWAF.
B.10
General
While the City does not have a separately approved Service Level Policy for
Water and Sanitation the service level categories outlined under Service
Level Profile (F2) have been incorporated into the WSDP since 2002.
Free basic levels and indigent subsidies are clearly spelt out under F2.
16
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
C.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2007/08
Introduction
While significant progress has been made since the 2006/07 WSDP Water and
Sanitation Services in Cape Town continues to face critical challenges. These
include eradicating the backlog of basic sanitation services, achieving the
essential targets for reducing water demand, meeting the wastewater effluent
standards and thereby reducing the impact on the water quality of urban rivers,
asset management and ensuring that infrastructure is extended timeously to
meet the development growth demands. Financial sustainability of the service is
a particular challenge: ensuring full cost recovery and debt management at a fair
tariff, and financing of capital investment.
In order to optimally achieve this and thus meet key policy and legislative
requirements, new and effective institutional arrangements and other strategies
continue to be put in place.
The national Strategic Framework for Water Services, Sept 2003, is a critical
policy document setting out the future approach to the provision of water
services. Of the national targets set, the most critical for Cape Town are:
• All people are to have access to functioning basic water supply by 2008
(achieved in CCT in 2005/06)
• All people are to have access to functioning basic sanitation by 2010 (CCT
are aiming for 2012 due to the extent of the requirement and its unique
constraints)
• Investment in water services infrastructure should total > 0,75% of GDP
• Institutional reform of regional water services providers to be completed by
2013, with Water Services managed and accounted for separately
• Annual reporting on key performance indicators to be started.
The guiding document to date has been the WSDP of June 2006. The 2007/08
update, of which this is the Executive Summary, is a product of the current
2007/08 IDP process and will be a Sector Plan in that.
Vision
To become a leader in the provision of equitable, sustainable, people-centred,
affordable and credible water services to all.
17
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Critical challenges
Cape Town Water Services faces a number of critical challenges:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
Eradication of basic sanitation services backlog in a fast-track manner
Meeting basis services expansion to meet the influx
Intensifying the Water Demand Management Strategy and achieving the
targeted or better reduction
Meeting the Wastewater effluent standards and reducing the impact on
the water quality of rivers and water bodies
Greywater runoff quality in informal settlements
Timeous provision of infrastructure to meet development growth needs
Maintenance of infrastructure to ensure continued operation
High financial requirements
Financial sustainability of the service and cost recovery and debt
management
Affordability of the Service
Increased performance and efficiency
Establishing a new, more effective institutional arrangement
The strategies to face these challenges are dealt with under the following
sections.
C.1
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
C.1.1
What is the backlog of water services?
With the exception of the backlog in informal areas and the relatively small but
un-serviced rural farm population, service levels generally meet the National
minimum standards as required by the Water Services Act 108 (of 1997).
The backlog in basic water was effectively eradicated in 2005/06 when 35 000
informal households received basic water. While 17 050 informal households
received access to basic sanitation, the backlog remains at approximately
30 000. This remains a huge challenge given the high unit cost, lack of available
land for Human Settlement to accelerate its formal housing provision and ground
level / slope /access space constraints.
The challenge then is to provide basic water and sanitation services to new
citizens moving into informal areas beyond the emergency level of service and to
eradicate the backlog of basic sanitation, targeted over the next 4 to 5 years.
Many of these households in informal settlements share the available on-site
facilities or rely on the availability of services from nearby established areas. The
basic level of service is defined as suitable clean toilet types shared at less than
5 households/toilet and water taps closer than 200m and shared by less than 25
households/tap.
18
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
C.1.2
What is the status of supply to higher levels of service?
Service levels to all formal developed areas are generally at the highest level of
service: a flush toilet and water connection in-house or on-site. The last 3 black
buckets in formal areas were replaced during 2007, meeting the President’s
requirement.
C.1.3
Cost of eradicating backlogs
In order to eradicate the backlog and to allow for the annual influx the Informal
Settlements programme is set out below:
INFORMAL
SETTLEMENTS
PROGRAMME
07
/08
08
/09
09
/10
10
/11
11
/12
12
/13
13
/14
14
/15
15
/16
16
/17
TOT
Sanitation backlog
7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.0
eradication (5 yrs)
Sanitation replace buckets 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.0
etc except chemical (5 yrs)
Water hh influx sustain
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5.0
Sanitation hh influx sustain 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 96.0
TOTAL
30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 205.0
The total housing backlog is 265 000 (115 000 informal settlements and 150 000
backyard shacks) according to figures from 2005. A possible programme to
eradicate the backlog of the full level of service for water and sanitation over a 20
year period would require the following annual funding:
PROVIDING FORMAL SERVICES FOR THE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Housing backlog eradication (20 years)
Sustaining the influx
TOTAL
R130M
R80M
R210M
This programme is funded through the City’s Housing programme. Depending on
the speed of implementing this programme, the informal settlement programme
would be changed to align the two.
The eradication of backlogs is but one of the essential infrastructural
requirements of the service. The 3-year capital budget requirements for 2007/8
and 2008/09 2009/10 financial years lies at R746M, R998M and R1,049M.
19
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
C.1.4
What is the strategy to eradicate backlogs?
The strategy has been to provide a very basic (emergency) level of service as
quickly as possible to about 95% of the approximately 195 informal
settlements. The households that do not have access to basic sanitation have
access to an emergency level. The emergency service is below the basic
level of service in terms of household ratios/service point and includes certain
unacceptable toilet types such as black buckets, of which 2 857 still need to
be replaced.
The City prescribes to “the water ladder” concept (as proposed in DWAF’s
“Strategic Framework for Water Services, September 2003”). So while the
City’s priority is to first provide an emergency level of service to all
households in all settlements, it is also extending the coverage and density of
services to the basic level.
Upgrading on an annual basis for informal areas on developable land is
proceeding as funds are obtained. A basic service level is being aimed for
(the standard being defined by the ratios mentioned above, ideally opting for
pour-flush, anearobic or flush toilets as appropriate). “Greenfields” housing
projects are undertaken to receive residents moved from undevelopable land.
Cape Town’s current plans based on current staffing are to eliminate the
sanitation backlog by 2012 (behind the National target), but additional
manpower resources are being sourced to accelerate implementation.
C.1.5
What is the status of all water infrastructure?
Existing infrastructure is often stressed significantly during peak periods. The
need for new infrastructure due to growth is also pressing. The limited
financial situation in the City versus the high demand for new housing has
created a scenario where the City is not in a position to maintain existing
infrastructure and to provide the required bulk infrastructure for connection of
new developments. There is not enough money to address both these issues.
A process under the leadership of the Corporate Development Directorate
was started to address the situation in a multi-disciplinary way. A partnership
approach with developers was started to ensure that development could
continue. Development contributions are determined and agreed for each
node or Corridor to fund some of the required infrastructure. There are still a
number of challenges such as obtaining bridging finance, and implementation
and capacity constraints in the City. The areas where water and sewer
infrastructure are severely stressed and are in need of significant upgrades
include:
•
•
•
•
West Coast / Parklands development corridor
De Grendel / N7 development node
Northern development corridor
Bottelary development corridor
20
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
• Fast-track housing projects (e.g. N2 Gateway)
• Maccassar / AECI development node
The existing infrastructure, particularly the sewer system, is increasingly in a
poor condition due to under-provision for essential maintenance and
replacement of aging infrastructure over several years. Major pipe collapses
have occurred over the past year where such pipes are in urgent need of
extensive repair or even replacement.
The bulk water system in the northern areas is under stress during peak
periods. The programme for implementing the augmentation scheme in this
area has been budgeted for. The EIA process for the works has also been
delayed 6 months and will only be finalised by 30 June 2007.
C.1.6
Effective management
The new organisational structure, under revision since 2001, is reaching
finalisation currently, with new staff rapidly being appointed in the top levels
and current staff to be placed by 30 June 2007. However, there are still
critical staffing shortages to address at operational level due to the manpower
drain that has occurred over the last few years. Internal optimisation of
structure and process, inter-departmental coordination, integrated planning,
as well as Employment Equity are being given high priority in conjunction with
the placement process. It is uncertain at this stage when the new institutional
arrangements will be fully functional.
An additional staff budget from 2007/08 onwards to alleviate the critical staff
shortages has been provisionally approved and budgeted for. In particular,
funds to appoint several Financial staff including accountants and staff
focused on increasing income has been approved.
C.2
WATER SERVICES BUSINESS ELEMENT SUMMARY
C.2.1
Socio-economic profile
The 2001 Census recorded the size of the metropolitan population at 2,9M
people living in 759 765 households. The City’s 20007/08 Integrated
Development Plan put the 2005 number of households at 847 000, with a
population estimate of 3,2M. This, together with a future estimated HIVincidence rate of 5 % (i.e. one in every 20 people are estimated to be HIVinfected), could constrain future population growth even further, together with
an expected reduction of rural immigration.
Cape Town faces rising development challenges. During the past decade
poverty and unemployment have almost doubled, the housing backlog has
more than doubled, drug-related crime has tripled, HIV prevalence has
increased tenfold and public transport has deteriorated. This is despite
significant economic growth (4% annual increase in GGP), improvements in
21
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
the provision of basic services (water, waste, electricity) and rising tourist
numbers.
Decades of distorted development in the city has manifested in highly skewed
distribution of income and wealth. In Cape Town there is a trend towards
rising poverty (from 25% in 1996 to 38% of households living below or
marginally above the household poverty line in 2005). This raises the issue of
affordability of the service.
C.2.2
Affordability of the Service
A free basic service is provided, in the form of the first 6 kl/month water
supply and first 4,2kl of sewerage conveyance and treatment free of charge to
all consumers per month.
The City’s Indigent policy allows for a R20 grant in account reduction/month
to qualifying ratepayers. Approximately 220 000 formal households currently
qualify based on a property value less than R100 000 (2000 General
Valuation), With the 2006 General Valuation the value of properties that
qualify for the Indigent Grant has changed to R199 000 from 2007/08
onwards .
The lower steps of the water and sewer tariffs, and the zero fixed sewer
charge and R20 grant for property values less than R199 000 are
mechanisms to ensure that water and sanitation is affordable to the poor and
indigent. Under conditions of no plumbing leaks, they would consume a
relatively low quantity of water. The Integrated Leaks Repair Project and the
Fixit Project, initiated at the end of 2005, are major initiatives to ensure that
these household plumbing leaks are minimized and therefore that the cost of
these services is affordable for them.
The fixed charge applicable to sewerage based on property value has been
found to be indefensible legally and will fall away in 2007/08.
Affordability of the service will be viewed over the long term. Costs can be
reduced in the short term but to the detriment of the maintenance of assets
and replacement of aging infrastructure and to an effective WDM Strategy
resulting in higher tariffs in the longer term. Higher than inflation increases in
tariffs will be required to ensure the sustainability of the service.
The water conservation and demand management strategy, besides being
necessary due to the Western Cape being a water scarce region, will also
reduce the cost of the service in the long term by postponing new resource
and bulk infrastructure schemes. Reductions in water consumption in the
higher steps will result in the need for upward adjustments in the tariff steps
but, on their own, will not result in an increase in the average water and sewer
bill to the consumer.
22
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
In terms of the asset management strategy there will be increased costs and
therefore higher tariffs in the short term but the strategy will ensure service
affordability in the long term.
The Financial and Institutional Strategy will result in improved performance of
the Water Services Provider and therefore should result in a reduction in unit
costs.
The City’s Debt Management and Credit Control policy, updated in 2005, has
been revised for 2007/08, will be augmented by concerted efforts of Water
Services to manage debt and ensure income due is received.
C.2.1
Service level profile
There are currently a total of approximately 656 800 formally registered
customers in the City with full level of service. This customer base is broken
down as follows:
Customer Type
Number
Commercial
15 680
Industrial
5 044
Department
10 567
Miscellaneous
8 952
Domestic*
616 557
TOTAL
656 800
* Includes cluster housing and sectional title.
Domestic customers include customers in cluster housing and sectional title.
Customers dwelling in backyard shacks number about 150 000 (2005 figure).
As at 2005 there were 115 000 informal customers. With an estimated 847
000 households with 115 000 in informal settlements, the total number of
customers served with a full level of service is 732 000. 115 000 and 85 000
customers in informal settlements receive a basic level of service for water
and sanitation respectively.
C.2.4
Water resource profile
Surface water represents 440,5 Mm3/year, or 97,1% of the total yield. The
City currently obtains 70 to 75% of its raw water requirements from DWAF
and the remainder from its own sources. Approximately 15% of the raw water
requirements are obtained from sources within the CMA.
23
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Groundwater resources make up 6,64 Mm3/year yield, representing only
1,46% of the total yield.
The total bulk water treated for 2004 was 849Ml/day, dropping to 772Ml/day
for 2005 as a result of the restrictions triggered by the drought and effective
WDM measures and increasing again in 2006 to 805Ml/day.
With the current implementation by DWAF of the Berg River Scheme to be
completed at the end of 2007, the existing water resources supplying water to
Cape Town will be sufficient at least until 2013.
To reduce over-exposure to climate change and the potential decrease in
system yield due to environmental reserve requirements, the strategy is to
diversify water resources to lessen the dependence on surface water
schemes. Schemes to be pursued under this strategy are Table Mountain
Group Aquifer, other ground water schemes, desalination, and treated
wastewater effluent re-use.
As part of this diversification strategy the City will continue to strengthen its
partnership with the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in the process
of reviewing and updating the Western Cape Systems Analysis
("Reconciliation" Study). This study which is currently being considered for
approval, evaluates the supply potential and attempts to reconcile it with the
demand including options for water trading from agricultural surplus to city
demand shortfall.
C.2.5
Water conservation and demand management
One of the essential steps for the City is to reduce water demand through the
implementation of Water Conservation and Water Demand Management
(WC/WDM) initiatives in order to ensure a sustainable supply of water for the
future and to ensure financial efficiency in the supply of water services.
A number of studies have all clearly illustrated that WC/WDM is the most
feasible solution to ensure adequate water resources for the city in the near
future. It has been estimated that WC/WDM can postpone the need for a new
water-resource augmentation scheme between five years and fifteen years
although this does not mean that bulk infrastructure can be postponed in
growth areas such as the northern areas.
The implementation of WC/WDM can also result in significant long-term
financial savings to the City as well as the public by reducing water losses,
reducing treatment costs and postponing large capital infrastructure.
The City’s approach to water demand management is based on three broad
principles: water is a strategic, precious and scarce resource; there should be
no wastage of water; and all water used should be measured and accounted
for.
24
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
A comprehensive eight-year WC/WDM strategy during has now been
developed. It is intended to submit this to Council by the end of 2006/07. The
framework of action of the strategy is divided into an enabling section and an
implementation section. The implementation goals are as follows:
Goal A: CCT must by 2010 reduce and maintain the non-revenue water
to below 15% of the total average demand and within accepted
international benchmarks.
Goal B: Water wastage by consumers should be reduced and
maintained to below 2% of the total demand by 2012 and most
consumers should achieve acceptable water efficiency benchmarks by
2016.
Policy E: Reduce the projected potable water demand by 20% by the
year 2012 and conserve Cape Town’s Water Supply. (Planning for future
water and sewer infrastructure is currently based on the City achieving this
goal).
The enabling goals defined in the strategy are as follows:
Goal C: CCT must by 2009 ensure and maintain ongoing effective
management systems and implement Integrated Water Resource
Planning in all decisions regarding water resources augmentation, bulk
infrastructure development and water efficiency projects.
Goal D: CCT must adopt WC/WDM as one of the key water service
delivery strategies, and must give priority to its implementation and
ensure an ongoing adequate enabling environment.
The two most critical components of the implementation of the WC/WDM
strategy are the reduction of the water losses and the re-use of treated
effluent water as an additional resource.
During the last two years a number of successful WC/WDM projects had
been implemented, most notable projects were the M’fuleni Integrated Leak
Repair Project, the Fixit Project, the education campaigns, treated effluent
recycling and various pressure management projects.
The focus on these projects has reduced non-revenue demand. In addition
the tariffs for treated effluent re-use are being rationalised and should result in
additional income. The additional income is intended to be ring-fenced for use
on WC/DM projects.
The budget cuts during the 2006/2007 financial year have however severely
restricted the implementation of the WC/WDM strategy. The budget spent to
date towards the comprehensive WC/WDM strategy is R 20 million. The
capital budget for WC/WD has been increased substantially being R22.5M,
25
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
R21.5M and R25.5M for 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 although this falls
below what is needed for the full implementation of the strategy as shown in
the table below:
Year
Capital (R M)
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
Total
23 410
52 447
69 046
63 402
63 828
34 487
30 955
31 041
32 413
32 470
433 498
Water demand has decreased from an average of 850 Ml per day in 2003/04
to 796 Ml per day in 2005/06, 28% below the predicted “Unconstrained Water
Demand Curve” and 13% below the “Low Water Demand Curve”. This is a
result of various factors including the 10% water restrictions and the WDM
projects implemented. While there is no room for complacency these are
positive signs which indicate that with more financial and human resources
the “Low Water Demand Curve” could be sustained.
C.2.6
Wastewater effluent and the impact on the water quality of rivers and
water bodies
Certain Wastewater Treatment Plants do not comply with DWAF effluent
standards due to aging infrastructure over a number of years. Where
investment has taken place, benefits are notable from the improved works.
This in turn improves the re-use potential of wastewater effluent.
The volume of wastewater treated over the previous 3 years was:
Year
Flow
ML
% Change on
previous year
2003/04
196 214
0.2%
2004/05
196 498
0.1%
2005/06
198 891
1.2%
The wastewater flows into the treatment works have not increased
substantially. This can be attributed to:
26
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
•
•
Water demand management initiatives
The implementation of grey water and other systems by residents as a
result of the drought of 2004/05
DEADP accepted the scoping report for increasing the WWT capacity at
either Melkbos or Potsdam to cater for growth in the area. A consultant has
been appointed to undertake detailed studies on potential environmental
impacts in terms of the EIA process. The studies should be completed
towards the end of the year.
The EIA for the proposed works to serve the northern region (Fisantekraal)
has been approved. Tenders have been received for the detailed design and
contract administration. However no appointment could be made as there
have been delays in purchasing the land.
An Environmental Management System (EMS) has been set up at Potsdam
Wastewater Treatment Works that integrates treatment process requirements
and operational control with environmental protection. While there were plans
to extend it to other wastewater plants this has been shelved as certification
will not be approved without compliant effluent.
Although it was previously an urgent requirement to adhere to the proposed
2010 standards, the implementation of these standards is currently being
delayed by DWAF and each application for upgrading is being assessed on
its merit and the reserve determination of the receiving water body.
Depending on adequate financial and human resources, it is envisaged that
100% of treated wastewater effluent will be compliant with current DWAF
standards (1984 standards) by 2012.
The mean % compliance is arithmetic mean of (Suspended Solids + Chem
Ox Demand + Ammonia + E Coli). The Nitrate is excluded as a poorly
performing works has a low nitrate which would improve % compliance
whereas the "real" compliance is actually worse and ortho-Phosphate is not
included as very few works have to comply with the future P standard.
The mean compliance was approximately 76% as at December 2006, up from
71 % as at December 2000, with 77% being the target for 2007/08and 100%
by 2011/12.
Stormwater runoff from polluted sources (industrial dumping and settlements
in catchments) often cause more severe pollution of water bodies than the
treated effluent does. A working arrangement has been set up with
Catchment Management to ensure the impact of sewerage overflows or
effluent problems is minimised and does not worsen the environmental health
further.
In general, the next five or six years will see a peaking of the upgrading
requirements for essential wastewater treatment and it is anticipated that
adequate funding will be made available to undertake the necessary
improvements, maintain effective service delivery and minimise the impact on
the environment.
C.2.7
Grey Water in Informal Settlements
27
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
A pilot project is currently being undertaken to deal with grey water runoff in
informal settlements. At this point in time the focus is on a storm water trench
in Site C in Khayelitsha to establish the success and effect of an aerator on
the grey/black water in the trench. The initial results look good. However, it is
necessary to evaluate the sustainability of the process.
C.2.8
Water services Infrastructure profile
The replacement value of the water and sewer infrastructure, determined in
May 2003 as part of the Section 78(1) evaluation, was about R17,5 Billion,
made up as follows:
Water Supply Infrastructure
Dams and catchments
Replacement
Value R mil
932
Treatment Works
1 021
Water Reticulation
8 073
Water Pump Stations
314
Reservoirs
1 268
Depots (shared)
30
Sub Total
11 638
Wastewater Infrastructure
WW treatment works
1 420
Sewer Reticulation
4 159
Sewer Pump Stations
284
Depots (shared)
30
Sub Total
5 893
Total
17 531
Previously maintenance of infrastructure was mostly reactive. Water Services
is implementing an asset management strategy AmiP (Asset Management
Improvement Programme) and the SAP Plant Maintenance Module, and this
situation is gradually being turned around. The department has achieved
Stage 3 (Basic Asset Management). This improvement process is being
driven through the Reliability Engineering (formerly Asset Care Centre) which
was established in March 2004. Reliability Engineering was being managed
through a bureau arrangement with Pragma whose contract has been
28
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
completed now that a skills transfer process to train municipal staff to take
over the function has taken place.
The water and sewer reticulation network makes up R12.2 (approximately
70%) of the total R17.5 billion replacement value. In terms of minimizing the
long term costs of owning the assets, therefore, the replacement programme
for these networks is very significant. Therefore condition records of the
networks need to be dramatically improved. Meticulous records of burst
mains and blockages, on a Metro basis, has been introduced and maintained
from June 2006. The Technical Operations Centre (TOC) is keeping statistics
which are presented monthly. The TOC systems are work in progress, but
progress is being made with IT and ERP on the portal systems.
From these records, investigations and tools such a CCTV cameras for sewer
pipes, a comprehensive pipe replacement programme will be developed.
It is likely that the Programme will identify that more funds will need to be
allocated to maintenance of infrastructure and replacement of aging
infrastructure.
ISO Certification
The Bulk Water branch has previously set the standard by achieving full ISO
certification on ISO 9001:2000 and thereafter maintaining it as certified by
independent audits.
Other branches are all striving to achieve this standard over the 5-year
planning horizon.
This together with the ISO 14001 and the Risk Management programmes to
be implemented will ensure that quality is assured and risks are minimised.
C.2.9
Water balance
The 12 month moving average of unaccounted for water for bulk and
reticulation was 19.2% as at the end of December 2006.
The distribution of water demand is as follows:
Category
%age
Commercial & Industrial
15%
Departmental Cluster
2%
Domestic Cluster
6%
Domestic Full
45%
Government
2%
Miscellaneous
5%
Municipal
3%
Schools and Sportsfields
2%
Non-Revenue Demand
C.2.10
21%
Water services institutional arrangements
29
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The decision to set up a separate Water Services Authority (WSA) and a
ring-fenced Water Services Provider (WSP) was reconfirmed by Council
in June 2004. The process has been delayed due to the delays in the
transformation process.
The key to addressing the challenges that Cape Town Water Services
face and achieving Water Services’ vision and goals is to ensure that
Water Services is structured financially and institutionally to achieve
enhanced operational and financial performance. The foundation of the
Water Services Strategy is therefore to effectively separate the Authority
and Provider roles and to structure the provider in a way that achieves
this. This will result in sustainable funding and sustainable institutional
mechanisms.
The process of separating the WSA and WSP has still to be defined.
Accountability for the ring-fenced WSP will rest with the Director: Water
Services who will then expected to deliver on the city’s strategic goals
through a Service Provision Agreement (SPA) and a 3-year rolling
business plan. The WSDP and annual updates thereof, will form the
basis for the 3-year rolling business plan.
The new arrangement is expected to contribute a great deal towards
ensuring sufficient funds are available, while maintaining an affordable
business model.
The City is also committed to developing alternative service delivery and
infrastructure funding or investment mechanisms. Objective 7.2 under the
Strategic Focus Area 7 “Good Governance and Regulatory Reform” from
the 2007/08 IDP (Draft 15.03.07vx2.2) states “Enhance service delivery
through exploring alternative service delivery mechanisms”
C.2.11
Customer service profile
All the necessary infrastructure is in place to ensure an adequate quality
of service to formal households customers. All customers receive water
that is fully treated. There are mechanisms in place to attend to customer
complaints and queries. Integrated statistics on burst water pipes and
blocked sewers have been recorded since June 2006.
C.2.12
Financial profile
The key financial strategies for CCT in the IDP are:
♦ Reducing salary costs to acceptable levels, taking into account the
City’s new operating model and transferring savings to improve the
maintenance of assets;
♦ Reducing the cost of servicing long-term debt with innovative methods
of borrowing and capital financing;
30
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
♦ Reducing the dependency on cross-subsidisation from tariff-based
services to within acceptable norms;
♦ Maintaining rate and tariff adjustments within national norms and
guidelines, ensuring the national and local economy are not
undermined;
♦ Making adequate provision for free basic services for the poor, to
ensure that there is no further marginalisation of poorer communities
or individuals through the entrenchment of the indigent policy;
♦ Preparing realistic income budgets with adequate provision for nonrecovery to ensure the expenditure reflected for each year can be fully
covered by cash receipts;
♦ Ensuring that adequate cash reserves are maintained to cover
legislated funds and provisions.
Implementing these financial strategies in the context of the implementing
the WSA and WSP arrangements will go a lot way to putting Water and
sanitation Services on a sustainable path.
A summary of the overall 5-year capital requirement in Rand million for
the service is shown in the table below:
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Reticulation
404.1
313.0
190.7
172.7
131.5
WWT
133.0
174.3
145.3
163.4
185.0
Bulk water
77.8
357.6
579.1
426.0
389.0
WDM
22.5
21.5
25.5
14.1
12.8
3.0
3.5
4.0
27.2
27.7
Water Meter repl.
16.0
16.0
16.0
18.3
19.2
Informal settlements
56.4
55.6
47.1
38.0
39.9
EAMS
31.3
55.2
40.2
42.0
42.0
2.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.7
746.4
998.1
1049.2
903.4
848.7
Support
Scientific Services
TOTAL
Note: the first 3 years correspond with the 3 year capital budget.
This will require a significant increase in funding through EFF which
historically stands at approximately R160 mil. The City will attempt to
increase the allocation from MIG so as to reduce the effect on EFF. This
capital budget is required to ensure the sustainability of the service.
The City recognises the urgent need to upgrade and extend
infrastructure. This is highlighted under the IDP Strategic Focus Area
“Sustainable Urban Infrastructure”. In order to ensure that this becomes
a reality it is committed to “improve leveraging of available funds without
31
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
compromising the Council’s ability to sustain service delivery” (part of
the Public Infrastructure Investment Programme under the Objective 2.7
-Strategic Focus Area No. 2)
Depending on the effect of an aggressive Water Demand management
Strategy and a re-evaluation of the approach to treated effluent standards
the high capital requirement may be able to be reduced.
The projected operating budget (in R Million) is shown below:
Year
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
Budget
2 611
2 953
3 214
3 540
3 866
4 167
This is based on the following assumptions:
City growth:
Inflation:
Demand growth:
1.50%
5.00%
2.00%
Based on the above projected capital and operating expenditure the
tariffs will increase above inflation over the next 5 years
The total debt owed to Water Services is R 2 billion and growing
annually. This reduces Water Services ability to afford the necessary
capital programmes to maintain existing infrastructure and develop new
infrastructure for the growth in the City. Recent debt management
initiatives have proven successful but more effort needs to be put into
this.
The Integrated Leaks and the Adhoc Leaks Project being driven out in
low income areas will contribute significantly to reducing the increase in
debt as well as the writing off of bad debt that resulted from the leaks on
private residential properties.
As mentioned under “Institutional Arrangements” the Water Services
Provider will be structured in a way that enhances operational and
financial performance.
32
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
D.
BACKGROUND TO THE AREA
D.1
LOCATION
The CCT is located in the Western Cape Province on the south-eastern
corner of South Africa as indicated on Figure D.1. The total area is
approximately 2 474 km2 and its coastline is 371 km long.
Figure D.1 Locality Plan
33
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
D.2
WATER SERVICES AUTHORITY PERSPECTIVE
The CCT, like the rest of South Africa, has undergone some significant
changes in political structure over the last decade. Prior to 1994, the area
consisted of a large number of smaller municipalities, or councils. The
dominant municipality was the Cape Town City Council (CCC), which at the
time also owned and operated the bulk water supply system. Outside of the
CCC area, the bulk supply system and the secondary distribution systems of
the various municipalities were separated, with metered bulk off-takes used
by the CCC for billing purposes. Within the CCC area however, the bulk- and
secondary systems were integrated, since all its consumers were billed
directly.
With the political changes in 1994, the smaller municipalities in the CMA were
amalgamated into 6 Metropolitan Local Councils (MLC’s), with the Cape
Metropolitan Council (CMC) as a regional local authority in charge of bulk
services This prompted a separation of the bulk- and secondary systems in
the old CCC area.
In December 2000, the unified City of Cape Town (CCT) was formed, by the
amalgamation of the six short-lived MLC’s and the former CMC. As at
November 2005, the restructuring of the City including the Water and
Sanitation Services Department is not yet complete with only positions down
to level 4 having been filled.
The Bulk Water Branch within the new CCT operates the bulk water supply
system, and currently supplies water in bulk to the Reticulation Branch’s eight
reticulation districts who in turn distribute the water to the end users. The
number of districts may reduce from eight to four for operational efficiency.
For plans of the 8 district and 4 region model GOTO.
The eight districts are required to interact with 22 sub-councils from a political
perspective to ensure co-ordination and integration at political level.
The Drakenstein (including the towns of Paarl and Wellington) and
Stellenbosch Municipalities located outside the CCT area, also purchase
water in bulk from the CCT.
Raw water is treated at water treatment plants which are operated by the Bulk
Water Branch, from where it is distributed via a network of large diameter
pipelines and reservoirs to the districts. The bulk networks are operated by
the Bulk Water Branch up to the metered connection points of the eight
districts. Downstream of the meters, the secondary distribution networks are
operated by the respective districts.
Wastewater collection and treatment is also carried out in-house, with the
wastewater collection function falling under the Reticulation Branch, whilst
treatment is undertaken by the Wastewater Treatment Branch.
D.3
PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
Information on the physical attributes of the area, the history, main features
and attractions are presented on the CCT’s website (GOTO)
D.3.1
Topography
The area consists of varying topography which includes flat plains, hills and
mountains. High mountains are located fairly close to the sea; e.g. Table
Mountain which exceeds 1 000 m in elevation. Other high mountains on the
34
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
perimeter include the Hottentots-Holland, Helderberg, Stellenbosch,
Jonkershoek, Franschhoek, Wemmershoek, Du Toits, Paarl, Slanghoek,
Limiet and Elandskloof mountains. These mountains form an eastern
perimeter of mountains around the CCT, as shown on Figure D.3.1.
A major portion of the CCT consists of the area known as the Cape Flats,
which has an elevation of between 20 and 45 m above sea level. This area is
relatively low-lying and can be supplied via the bulk supply network from large
reservoirs with top water levels at 110 m above sea level (ASL). The
mountainside developments in Somerset-West, along Table Mountain and the
Peninsula mountain range, as well as the hilly development in Durbanville,
Brackenfell-north, and the Atlantis area are at elevations which are too high to
be supplied from the 110 m ASL reservoirs. Very few areas with water
demand are located at elevations higher than 200 m ASL.
The rivers in the CCT are relatively small. Some rivers worth mentioning are
the Salt-, the Diep-, the Black-, the Eerste-, Kuils-, Moddergat- and Lourens
rivers. The rivers which are utilised as water sources lie mostly outside of the
CCT. These are the tributaries to the Berg River namely the Wolwekloof and
Banhoek tributaries, Sonderend-, Palmiet-, Klein Berg- and Leeu rivers. Of
these, the Berg river which flows in a northerly and later westerly direction, is
by far the largest.
35
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure D.3.1 Topography
36
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
D.3.2
Climate
Cape Town has a mean annual rainfall of 515mm/annum and an average
temperature of 16,7 °C. The CMA is a winter rainfall area.
The
meteorological depressions that typically bring rain to this area during winter
move past to the south of the area (and the land mass) during summer;
resulting in long dry spells. It is during the dry summer that the water
demands are highest, due to the higher temperatures and the fact that
watering of gardens is the norm in almost all residential areas. This contrast
complicates the management of a bulk water supply system, as sufficient runoff needs to be stored during winter in order to meet the increased water
demand in the hot and dry summer months.
D.3.3
Natural Environment
Cape Town is one of the most beautiful and diverse cities in the world. The
city is located in a highly sensitive and vulnerable ecosystem, is recognised
as a global biodiversity hotspot and is fortunate to have a National park within
its boundary. The environment is one of the strongest assets driving tourism
and attracting skilled staff for the city’s economy. Finding the balance for
sustainable development and improving quality of life remains the challenge.
Growing consumption, pollution (air, water, waste) and the protection of the
city’s biodiversity are key issues that must be addressed.
Cape Town is located within the Cape Floral Region, which is geographically
the smallest of the world’s six floral kingdoms, but supports the highest
density of plant species. Over 9000 different plant species occur in the Cape
Floral Region, 70% of which are endemic (i.e. are confined to this region).
Cape Town supports 2500 plant species, thus within the Cape Floral Region it
is considered an area of particularly high floral diversity (or a local “hotspot”
within a global “hotspot”). This floral diversity relates to the steep
environmental gradients, including altitudinal, geological and rainfall
gradients; that have combined to create a large number of different habitats.
Six national vegetation types are found only within the City Of Cape Town’s
borders, and of these, five are classified as “Endangered” or “Critically
Endangered”. These vegetation types support species that are unique to
Cape Town and many of these are under threat from extinction, owing mainly
to habitat destruction and invasion by alien plants.
D.3.4
Main infrastructure development
Cape Town grew by 40% in developed land area in the period 1985-2005.
Compared to the period 1977 to 1988, when the city developed by an
average of 701 hectares per year; the city is now developing at an average
rate of 1232 hectares per year (almost double previous averages) reflecting
the tremendous development boom the city is currently experiencing (figure
D3.4a).
37
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure D.3.4a: Cape Town’s urban footprint: 1977 versus 2006
Source: City of Cape Town, 2002
Sprawl contributes to increasing commuting times as well as the loss of
valuable agricultural land and areas with high biodiversity conservation
potential (City of Cape Town, 2006d). Much of the recent growth has
contributed to sprawl with relatively low density suburban residential
development driving this process, although higher density, higher income
residential development in the CBD has accelerated in the past few years.
Concentration of populations in urban areas greatly reduces the unit cost of
piped water, sewers, drains and roads. The use of environmentally friendly
energy sources and transport can reduce these costs even further.
The existing land use and potential future development areas are shown in
Figure D.3.4b below.
The major dams from which the CCT is supplied are situated outside (except
for the Steenbras Upper and the Steenbras Lower Dams) the mountainous
eastern perimeter of the area. The Theewaterskloof dam near Villiersdorp is
the major water source of the CCT and forms part of a large inter-basin water
transfer scheme that regulates the flow from the Sonderend-, Berg- and
Eerste rivers. The Voëlvlei dam is the furthest north near Gouda and relies on
diversion works in the Klein Berg, Leeu and 24 Rivers for its water supply.
The Wemmershoek dam is situated in the mountains near Franschhoek and
is supplied from various small rivers in the Wemmershoek mountains (e.g.
Tierkloof- and Olifants rivers). The Steenbras Upper dam and Steenbras
Lower dam are situated in the Hottentots-Holland mountain range near
38
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Gordon’s Bay, and serve a dual purpose of providing an upper reservoir for
the Steenbras Pumped Storage Scheme and for supplying water for
domestic/industrial use to the CMA. Other smaller dams include the dams on
Table Mountain (Woodhead, De Villiers, Hely Hutchinson, Victoria and
Alexandra) which are used to supply water to the southern suburbs and the
Peninsula, and the dams at Simons Town (Kleinplaas and Lewis Gay) which
provide water to the Peninsula.
39
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure D.3.4b Existing Land Use and Potential Future Development Areas
40
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
D.4
DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE
D.4.1
Economics
Although economic growth rates have been increasing, which could have a
more beneficial impact on employment levels, key indicators shows that
fundamental changes to the development path of the city are being
constrained by a number of trends which are reinforcing social and spatial
segregation and inequalities in the city. This pattern has persisted for the
past decade or more:
♦ Growth in the number of people living in informal settlements (23 000
families in 1993 to approximately 115 000 families in 2006)
♦ Increasing housing backlog (150 000 in 1998 to 265 000 in 2005). Some
recent estimates, using alternative methodology/definitions than before,
put the current backlog at 400 000
♦ Rising unemployment (13% in 1997 to 23% of the labour force by 2004)
♦ Rising poverty (from 25% in 1996 to 38% of households living below or
marginally above the household poverty line in 2005)
♦ Increasing HIV prevalence among women visiting public health clinics
(from 1.2% in 1994 to 15.4% in 2004, based on Provincial antenatal
statistics and following the same trajectory as the National trend)
♦ Increasing tuberculosis cases (from 13 870 in 1997 to 26 754 in 2005).
The problem in the city is not the absence of economic growth, but the failure
to harmonize economic and social development objectives, to ensure the
benefits of economic progress reach the population as a whole, and to ensure
the benefits of economic progress reach the population as a whole.
Residents of suburbs in the city are characterized by major differences in
housing quality, income, educational levels, access to services and work
status. Figure D.4.1, based on the above key socio-economic variables,
illustrates the spatial variations in levels of living. A high score indicates that a
relatively large proportion of households are experiencing absolute poverty
and have a large number of unemployed workers and employees with low
educational qualifications earning low salaries in unskilled occupations (City
of Cape Town 2006e).
41
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure D4.1
D.4.2
Social
Approximately 30% of households (almost 1 million people) in Cape Town live
in inadequate housing and depressed physical environments. These areas
are characterised by severe social and economic conditions, which manifest
in high levels of poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, alcoholism, low health
status and other deviant behaviour such as crime and delinquency. The low
health status of residents of informal settlements, highlights the fact that this
is the result of poor living conditions rather than the lack of health facilities.
Cape Town’s informal settlement residents are only benefiting slightly from
the current economic and social opportunity offered by the facilities and
amenities present in the city. In short, there is clearly a need for the
upgrading of the living conditions of these residents.
Cape Town is faced with immense human and social development challenges
over the long-term. This is due to decades of distorted development in the city
manifested in highly-skewed distribution of income and wealth. This is
42
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
reflected in growing levels of absolute poverty, inadequate housing, poor
health status (especially the impact of HIV/AIDS and TB becoming more
evident) and the exclusion of certain segments of the population from full
participation in the development of the city.
Poverty
One measure of poverty is the household subsistence level, below which
households are unable to meet their basic needs for clothing, food, cleansing
and transport. In Cape Town, the rise in poverty in clearly evident from Figure
D.4.2 below, with 38% of households (involving approximately 1.2 million
people) currently living in poverty. Intra-city inequalities are even more stark
with the 20% worst off areas in the city having an unemployment rate of
between 40%-58%, comprising 40% of the city’s population and 68% of the
city’s unemployed (City of Cape Town, 2005d). In a recent study conducted in
three informal settlements in the city, unemployment levels of 39.5% were
recorded. The shocking reality of these statistics are borne out by the fact that
14.3% of households responded that they often went hungry and a further
39.4% of households sometimes went hungry (De La Harpe, 2005).
Figure D.4.2: Households earning below Household Subsistence Level
Source: Statistics South Africa, 1996, 2001, and 2005
HIV/AIDS
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the city has been increasing steadily over the
past few years - with the highest prevalence recorded in the areas of Nyanga
and Khayelitsha. This is in line with international trends of higher HIV
prevalence in less affluent areas. While the Cape Town average HIV/AIDS
prevalence in pregnant women at 16% (2004) is well below the national
average of 29.5%, (2004), the disease’s prevalence in these two areas is as
high as or higher than the national average (City of Cape Town 2006a).
The high prevalence on HIV/AIDS in informal areas in the city is explained by
a range of factors. This includes poverty and unemployment which increases
vulnerability to HIV, urbanisation resulting in social disintegration which
increases risk-taking behaviour, inadequate services, sexual violence and
rape, disempowerment of women, illiteracy and low levels of education
(Bromfield, 2006).
A key failing in the response to HIV/AIDS is that the problem has previously
largely been defined within a health context with a primarily health sector
driven response. At a grassroots level, limited resources are also often
wasted due poor coordination, duplication of effort and plans that do not
address local priorities. Based on the complex underlying factors driving the
epidemic, it is clear that HIV/AIDS will not be impacted upon unless a
43
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
broader, coordinated, multi-sectoral approach to the epidemic is embraced
(City of Cape Town, 2006i).
Given the projection that 50% of the Cape Town’s population will remain
younger than 31 years in the future (as can be seen from the population
projection in section 4: ‘Cape Town’s Developmental Context’), there is a
critical need for youth development strategies to be implemented to address
future poverty, HIV/AIDS and unemployment and which relate to the social,
economic and physical needs of the city’s young.
D.5
REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE
The City of Cape Town is the major economic hub of the Western Cape
contributing 82% of the province’s GDP. It is bordered by the West Coast DM
to the north, the Cape Winelands District Council to the North East and
Overberg DM to the South East.
Cities do not function in isolation, but form part of particular regions with a
range of different stakeholders that influence their management. The key
challenges for developing successful city-regions include securing balanced
economic growth, appropriate governance systems to ensure effective
cooperative decision-making, an entrepreneurial approach to facilitating
investment, and the avoidance of competition between the cities and towns in
the city-region system. This acknowledges that major development projects
have to be coordinated effectively for the benefit of the city-region as a
whole. An important aspect of this is ‘spatial coalitions’, which are meaningful
partnerships with business, civil society and spheres of government, as
valuable assets in fostering a competitive regionalism (South African Cities
Network, 2006).
Two key strategies impact on the broader Cape Town context; namely, the
National Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (ASGISA),
and the Western Cape Growth and Development Strategy (PGDS). ASGISA
is a national framework to support a range of key policy thrusts, including
macro-economic policy refinement, strategic infrastructure provision, sector
investment strategy, labour market skills, small business and governance.
Provincially, the PGDS is a strategy for the Province to achieve shared growth
and integrated development. It is the core alignment mechanism for the
province and a coordination and implementation strategy driven by the
Provincial Government Western Cape. The objectives of the PGDS are:
♦ Identify appropriate levers to shift developmental path
♦ Identify location of regional development motors of shared growth
♦ Commit the Provincial Government to strengthen its contribution to shared
growth and development
♦ Design institutional architecture and reforms necessary for achieving
shared growth and development
♦ Focus, align and harmonise the Provincial Government planning,
budgeting and implementation
♦ Provide a framework for improved collaboration and coordination of all
stakeholders in the Province around a shared growth and the
development agenda.
Strategies at a metropolitan level should take cognisance of and be aligned to
these higher level strategies such as ASGISA and the PGDS, whilst focusing
on the particular local challenges (City of Cape Town, 2006b).
44
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
E.
IDP AND WSDP GOALS AND INTEGRATION
E.1
IDP PRIORITY ISSUES RELATED TO WATER SERVICES
Strategic Focus Area
Strategy / Objective
Water Services Business Elements
10. List of Projects
9. Financial profile
8. Customer Service
Profile
7. Water Services
institutional
arrangements Profile
6. Water balance
5. Water Services
Infrastructure Profile
4. Water
Conservation /
Demand
Management
3. Water Resource
Profile
2. Service Level
Profile
1. Socio - Economic
Profile
Page Numbers
1.
SHARED ECONOMIC
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
No direct Water Service’s objectives.
However increased economic growth
will require additional water and
sanitation infrastructure and additional
water resources. The Water
Conservation and demand
management strategy will become
more important as a result.
1.
2.
SUSTAINABLE URBAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reduce service backlogs for
infrastructure-related services
in accordance with national
objectives
X
X
X
1.1
Access to basic sanitation
services to all by 2012 (IDP
targeted to be relaxed)
1.2
Potable water services to all
by 2008 (largely met)
1.3
Bucket system sanitation
services eradicated in all
formal settlements by 2007
(informal settlements cannot
be met within current financial
constraints)
2
Develop demand management
programmes for water,
electricity, waste and transport
and reduce attendant
pollutants
X
X
X
X
X
X
45
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Strategic Focus Area
Strategy / Objective
Water Services Business Elements
10. List of Projects
9. Financial profile
8. Customer Service
Profile
7. Water Services
institutional
arrangements Profile
6. Water balance
5. Water Services
Infrastructure Profile
4. Water
Conservation /
Demand
Management
3. Water Resource
Profile
2. Service Level
Profile
1. Socio - Economic
Profile
Page Numbers
2.1 Introduce incentives to reduce
demand
2.2 Facilitate the introduction of
sustainable technologies
2.3 Focus more strongly on water
and electricity demand
management and waste
minimisation in order to reduce
pollution levels and reduce
capital investment requirements
2.4 Improve environmental
awareness
3
1.1
1.2
Effective management of City’s
Infrastructure and Resources
X
Rehabilitation / replacement of
failing water bulk infrastructure
(minimum measured leakage)
Installation and
commissioning of new water
systems
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS
3
INTEGRATED HUMAN
Rehabilitation of failing
wastewater treatment bulk
infrastructure
2.4
Rehabilitation / replacement of
failing bulk infrastructure (or
establishment and
commissioning of new)
No direct Water Services objectives
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2.3
2
X
Integrated Human Settlement
Planning
X
46
X
X
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Strategic Focus Area
Strategy / Objective
Water Services Business Elements
3
3
4.
SAFETY AND
SECURITY
5.
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
6
SOCIAL AND HUMAN
CAPITAL
7.
GOOD GOVERNANCE
AND REGULATORY
REFORM
Land release and incremental
housing
Redressing the Housing
Backlog
Informal settlement upgrade
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
No direct link to Water Services
objectives
1.
Local Economic Development
X
1.
2.
Eradication of extreme poverty
Access to community facilities
X
1.
2.
3.
X
Optimising the development of
our Organisation staff structure,
strategies, policies and promote
skills development.
Enhance service delivery through
exploring alternative service
delivery mechanisms
X
Strategically utilise information
technology, validated data bases
and systems to support the
transformation of public services
to provide better and more
efficient government and
reporting structures
X
X
X
X
X
47
X
10. List of Projects
2
9. Financial profile
8. Customer Service
Profile
7. Water Services
institutional
arrangements Profile
6. Water balance
5. Water Services
Infrastructure Profile
4. Water
Conservation /
Demand
Management
3. Water Resource
Profile
2. Service Level
Profile
1. Socio - Economic
Profile
Page Numbers
SETTLEMENTS
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Strategic Focus Area
Strategy / Objective
Water Services Business Elements
5.
6.
Improve the service culture and
workplace ethics by
accomplishing sound financial
governance, improved
accountability and transparency
X
X
Management of key financial
areas such as income control,
cash flow, indigent support,
alternative income opportunities,
asset management and risk
management
X
Improve the regulatory
environment (Bureaucratic red
tape
X
7.
Establishment of representative
Ward Participatory Mechanisms
X
X
8.
Improvement of Community
satisfaction
X
X
48
10. List of Projects
9. Financial profile
8. Customer Service
Profile
7. Water Services
institutional
arrangements Profile
6. Water balance
5. Water Services
Infrastructure Profile
4. Water
Conservation /
Demand
Management
3. Water Resource
Profile
2. Service Level
Profile
1. Socio - Economic
Profile
Page Numbers
4.
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
E.2
SUSTAINABLE WATER SERVICES SUB-GOALS
The vision of Water and Sanitation Services in Cape Town is “To become a
leader in the provision of equitable, sustainable, people-centred, affordable
and credible water services to all”.
EQUITABLE
E.3
‰
To ensure that access to a basic water supply to informal settlements is
maintained
‰
To ensure access to a basic sanitation service to at least 70% of all
informal settlements by 2010.
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SUB-GOALS
SUSTAINABLE
E.4
‰
To ensure the availability and reliability of water resources at all times.
‰
To ensure that the water demand remains at least 20% below the
unconstrained demand curve
‰
To ensure the supply of safe drinking water that meets quality standards
at all times.
‰
To ensure the protection of the environment and that 90% of treated
effluent is in compliance with current (1984) DWAF standards by 2010.
EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE WATER SERVICES INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS SUB-GOALS
AFFORDABLE
‰
To establish fair tariff that ensures all residents have access to basic
water and sanitation services, including indigent households.
‰
To ensure that tariffs are fair and in line with comparable organisations
and cities.
PEOPLE-CENTRED
‰
To ensure that we reach 80% satisfaction of all customers with the
provision of basic water and sanitation services annually.
‰
To create an environment that develops and utilises the skills,
competencies and innovation potential of all employees are developed
and utilised to meet the objectives of the organisation.
‰
To create an enabling environment that ensures devolvement of
meaningful relationships with all stakeholders.
CREDIBLE
49
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
‰
To ensure the implementation of international best management practices
in the provision of water and sanitation services.
‰
To become the organisation as the preferred water services institution for
all customers.
50
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F
WATER SERVICES BUSINESS ELEMENTS
F.1
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
F.1.1
Demographics
F.1.1.1
Situation Assessment (demographics)
F.1.1.1.1
Current consumer profile
The customer profile on SAP is
Commercial
15,681
Industrial
5,044
Department
10,567
Miscellaneous
8,952
Domestic*
616,557
Total
656,801
* Single residential and cluster combined.
There are currently approximately 15,000 formal serviced properties not
billed. Approximate 8,000 formal serviced sites are currently being loaded
onto SAP
The housing backlog is summarised in the 2006/07 IDP document and can
be listed as:
Informal settlements
115 000*
Overcrowded housing stock and backyard shacks
150 000*
TOTAL
265 000*
* 2005 figures
The challenge that the City faces is emphasized by the fact that the current
backlog represents about a third of the total of 845 000 households in the
City of Cape Town.
According to the IDP (IDP Draft 15.03.07vx2.2.doc) the number of people
living in informal settlements is growing (23 000 families in 1993 to 115 000
families in 2005 –an increase of approximately 7,700 per annum),
overcrowding is increasing and household size is declining. These contribute
to an increasing housing backlog (an increase from 150 000 in 1998 to
approximately 300 000 in 2006).
51
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Housing backlog compared to housing delivery
350000
300000
300000
240000
H o u s in g b a c k lo g ( n o . o f
d w e llin g u n its )
250000
2 4 50 0 0
2 6 50 0 0
2 6 50 0 0
2 4 50 0 0 2 4 50 0 0
2 2 10 0 0
200000
150000
300000
250000
200000
150000
15 0 0 0 0
100000
100000
50000
h o u s in g d e liv e r y
350000
50000
4 110
9 72 9
18 0 8 3 4 6 9
0
0
19 9 8 19 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 10
Source: Strategic Development Information & GIS using Housing Department data
From 1996 to 2005 the number of households in Cape Town has increased
from 651,972 to approximately 845,000. This represents a total increase of
approximately 193,000 over the period or 21,500 per annum.
F.1.1.1.2
Poor household definition
A household is classified as indigent if the household’s earnings is less than
or equal to R1,600 per month. This will be increased to R1,700 per month
from 2007/08.
In addition properties with a municipal value less than R50,000* (R88,000* in
2007/08) do not attract rates while those less than R100,000* (R199,000* in
2007/08) are eligible for a R20 Indigent Grant applicable to the sewerage
account.
*
F.1.1.1.3
The municipal value of properties has increased by 3.8 times on average since the previous
municipal valuation in 2000. The increase is significantly less in poorer areas. A direct
comparison is not possible
Present population and projected population growth rates
The 2001 Census recorded the size of the metropolitan population at 2 893
251 people living in 759 765 households. By comparing this to the 1996
figure of 2 563 095, a growth rate of 2,6% per annum is found between 1996
and 2001. In 2005 the estimated population was 3 239 768 living in 845 000
households.
The population previously projected for the Cape Metropolitan Area for 2001
was 3 154 238 (Dorrington, 1999). The actual census figure is therefore
8,27% lower than the projected population. Further analysis is needed to
reconcile the actual census figure with the projected figure.
F.1.1.1.4
Demographic trends and migration patterns
52
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The future customer profile for the City of Cape Town will be outlined by
highlighting the main determining factors:
•
Future population growth projections.
•
Current housing backlog to upgrade informal settlements
overcrowded housing stock to individually-serviced sites.
and
The Dorrington report: Projection of the Population of the Cape Metropolitan
Area 1996-2031 (Dorrington, 2000), is a widely accepted source of growth
statistics for the City of Cape Town. Findings of the report were updated per
suburb by the CMC Spatial Planning Department in 2003 to take cognisance
of the latest HIV/AIDS and migration trends.
The table below provides a summarized overview of the expected Cape
Town population growth for each of the previous MLC districts.
Projected Population Growth for the City of Cape Town
City of Cape
Town
Cape Town
Tygerberg
Blaauwberg
South Peninsula
Oostenberg
Helderberg
Total
Avg Growth
Pop 2001 Pop 2006
% 2001 -
Pop 2016
2006
1,130,175
1,187,229
976,412
1,075,394
173,452
271,370
406,354
437,676
319,710
389,351
148,114
186,084
3,154,217 3,547,104
Avg
Avg Growth
% 2006 -
Pop 2031
2016
1.0
2.0
11.3
1.5
4.4
5.1
1,253,867
1,174,194
374,080
481,640
470,436
243,517
2.5 3,997,734
Growth %
2016 2031
0.6
0.9
3.8
1.0
2.1
3.1
282,601
0.1
0.2
1.1
0.5
0.8
1.1
1.3 4,255,847
0.4
1,280,143
1,214,732
433,181
519,724
525,466
Compiled by the CMC Spatial Planning Department (revised by Water and Sanitation Services
Department)
Current migration patterns show a net inflow of people from rural areas
stretching as far as the Eastern Cape. The influence of migration patterns
adds an even pressure on the provision of housing in Cape Town. The
Western Cape is currently a net receiving province in South Africa. It is
estimated that on balance some 48 000 people enter the province each year.
This represents an increase due to in-migration of more than one per cent of
the total population.
F.1.1.1.5
Age and gender profile
The 2001 population pyramid Figure F.1.1.1.5 is showing a distribution
reduction towards the younger age groups, highlighting a tapering in birth
rates and future stabilization in population growth.
53
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure F.1.1.1.5 Age – Sex Distribution of Population
Compiled by Strategic Information, CCT, from Statistics SA Census data
For more details on the socio-economic profile including statistics on age,
gender, race, migration patterns, employment etc. refer to a report as
compiled by the Department of Strategic Information, “City of Cape Town: A
Population Profile of the City of Cape Town August 2003” (to view the MS
Powerpoint report GOTO).
F.1.1.2
Future trends and goals (demographics)
F.1.1.2.1
Consumer profile
There is no information as to how the consumer profile, other than residential
will change over time.
F.1.1.2.2
Population and projected population growth rates
A future estimated HIV-incidence rate of 5% (i.e. one in every 20 people are
estimated to be HIV-infected) together with an expected reduction of rural in
migration could constrain future population growth even further than that
shown in the table in F.1.1.4
F.1.1.2.3
Demographic trends and migration patterns
The geographic location of highest growth is mainly determined by two
factors:
• The active property market, driven by the favourable economic conditions
and the emerging black middle class. These type of middle- to high
income developments contribute to urban spread and is concentrated in
the following areas: (on Figure D.3.4b under Chapter D.3).
- northern portion of Durbanville;
- north of Table View;
- north of Kraaifontein;
54
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
- north-east of Strand;
- west of Strand and Somerset West.
• State-funded large scale housing developments to alleviate overcrowded
housing stock and relocate informal settlements from environmentally
sensitive and unsafe areas. These developments are of an urban infill
nature (close to urban opportunities for socio-economic upliftment) and
mainly concentrated in:
- Southern areas of Tygerberg;
- South-western portion of Oostenberg.
F.1.1.2.4
Age and gender profile
The reduction in the younger age groups together with a future estimated
HIV-incidence rate of 5% (i.e. one in every 20 people are estimated to be
HIV-infected), could constrain future population growth even further, together
with an expected reduction of rural in migration.
F.1.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (demographics)
The high growth in formal housing is putting a severe strain on the existing
infrastructure particularly at the growth nodes. Investment in infrastructure
over the last 10 years has not kept pace with this growth and the existing Bulk
Infrastructure Contribution Levy (BICL) to fund connector infrastructure is not
sufficient.
Wastewater infrastructure is particularly stressed and developments have had
to be stopped from time to time while upgrading and capacity extensions are
completed.
Housing delivery has not kept pace with the high growth in the informal areas.
Should current trends be maintained it is anticipated that there will be an
increasingly greater percentage of indigent over time.
There is no information as to how the consumer profile, other than residential
will change over time.
A data clean up of the SAP system is required in order to establish the correct
number of consumers in each category. There is currently no split between
wet and dry industrial consumer units.
F.1.1.4
Implementation strategies (demographics)
Basic services
There is currently an influx of some 7,700 households per annum into informal
settlements. Ideally these households should be accommodated directly into
housing provided by the state which would have on site water and sanitation.
However this is not possible due to the huge (265,000 in 2005) housing
backlog. The strategy is therefore to provide emergency levels of service to all
informal settlements and to move them up the “water ladder” over time, first to
basic levels and then when they are accommodated in the state housing
schemes to a full level of service.
55
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Higher level, associated services and economic growth
For the strategy to deal with the high growth areas refer to Chapter 5
Infrastructure.
Effective resource management
Current water demand growth predictions associated with population and
economic growth predictions coupled with the implementation of the WC&DM
Strategy means that a new water resource will be needed by 2013. By
intensifying the WC&DM Strategy it is hoped that this can be postponed
(Refer to F4).
Increased emphasis on water demand management will reduce pressure on
water infrastructure.
Effective Management
The customer profile is examined during the tariff exercise every year. As the
number of indigent consumers increases the extent of cross subsidisation
between the high and low users is increased.
Work is required in the following areas:
‰
‰
‰
Clean up data on SAP system of the consumers in each category.
Keep more accurate annual records and determine the trends in the
consumer profile.
Determine the split of wet to dry industrial consumer units.
F.1.2
HEALTH
F.1.2.1
Situation assessment (health)
F.1.2.1.1
Health profile
The graph below shows a growing number of new cases of TB being
recorded in all areas in Cape Town over the period 2001 to 2004. The highest
incidence is found in Khayelitsha and Nyanga. There are a number of factors
which contribute to this high incidence of TB infection. The crowded, poorly
ventilated conditions present within households in informal settlements, as
well as the high density of the settlement itself, increases the likelihood of
transmission of TB from one person to another. The damp and sometimes
unsanitary conditions present in many informal settlements also provide an
ideal breeding environment for the bacteria.
The high rate of TB infection in informal and poor areas is of particular
concern. TB is a treatable and curable disease if antibiotics are taken
correctly – usually once a day for up to six months. However, many people in
Khayelitsha, Nyanga, and other informal settlements lack access to proper
medical care, and may be unable to receive treatment. Those who do receive
treatment may be unable to return for follow-up care, an essential part of TB
treatment, due to lack of transport or inflexible working hours.
What is interesting to note is that Khayelitsha and Nyanga also show the
highest HIV prevalence. It is well documented that people suffering from
HIV/AIDS are more susceptible to diseases, and that people with weak or
compromised immune systems are more likely to develop an active TB
56
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
infection. TB is in fact the leading cause of death amongst people infected
with HIV/AIDS.
T B C a s e s a nd D e a t hs
30000
1600
Number of Cases
25000
1274
20000
15000
13870
14970
15769
1101 18361
17244
20950
1344
22999
1351
24129
800
600
10000
367
1200
1000
666
400
327
5000
1400
200
0
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
HIV/AIDS prevalence
The results below show the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Cape Town for the
period 2001 to 2003, as data for 2004 are not yet available. Prevalence
reflects the proportion (persons per 100 000 population) of population
infected with HIV/AIDS.
Unfortunately, it is clear from the data that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in
Cape Town has been increasing steadily over the past few years. HIV/AIDS
prevalence is highest in Nyanga and Khayelitsha. While HIV/AIDS prevalence
in Cape Town (13.1%) is well below the national figure (27.9%), HIV/AIDS
prevalence in Nyanga and Khayelitsha is as high as, or higher than the
national prevalence. Nyanga and Khayelitsha are two areas in Cape Town
which have a high poverty rate and are largely informal in nature. The high
HIV prevalence in those areas may be explained by the fact that many
residents are likely to be poor and uneducated, and may have had little in the
way of HIV/AIDS prevention education. Access to health care and clinics is
also poor, which is a two-fold problem. Firstly, people are less likely to be able
to access free condoms dispensed by government clinics, which contributes
to the high HIV/AIDS rate. Secondly, those living with HIV are less able to
access medical care than those in wealthier areas, and so are likely to suffer
from many complications before succumbing to the virus.
This high HIV/AIDS rate in large parts of Cape Town is worrying for a number
of reasons. Such a high number of sick people will place a burden on the
already overstrained public health system. There are also far reaching social
and economic consequences for the city, as the number of economically
inactive child-headed (AIDS orphans) households increases and a large
percentage of the economically active population becomes unable to work
due to illness. The high level of HIV/AIDS prevalence in Cape Town is a
serious public health issue which needs to be urgently addressed.
57
Number of Deaths
1336
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
H IV P r e v a le n c e ( % ) b y H e a lth D is tr ic t
30
2001
2002
2 7 .9
2 8 .1
2 7 .2
2003
25
1 9 .1
20
1 6 .1
15
10
1 3 .1
1 1 .6
1 0 .1
9 .3
4 .4
5
8 .1
7 .9
6 .3
F.1.2.2
Future trends and goals (health)
F.1.2.2.1
Health profile
(Total)
South Africa
(Total)
Cape Town
West
Tygerberg
East
Tygerberg
South
Peninsula
Oostenberg
Nyanga
Plain
Mitchells
Khayelitsha
Helderberg
Central
Blaauwberg
Athlone
0
The incidence of HIV and TB is anticipated to increase.
F.1.2.3
Strategic gap analysis (health)
All heath facilities are provided with on site water and sanitation. There are no
backlogs.
While the population growth scenarios and hence future water demands and
wastewater loadings factor in the impact of HIV/AIDS the impact needs to be
monitored on an annual basis
F.1.2.4
Implementation strategies (health)
The City is in a position to provide all new health facilities with water and
sanitation.
The impact of HIV/AIDS on water demand and wastewater loadings is
monitored as part of an ongoing process and adjustments to infrastructure
requirements.
58
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.1.3
EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
F.1.3.1
Situation assessment (employment and income)
F.1.3.1.1
Employment profile
Unemployment rates have increased consistently from 1997 to 2003. In an
effort to address the affordability of water and sanitation as basic services,
free basic services have been implemented.
U n e m p lo y m e n t in C a p e T o w n
25
2 3 .2
20
1 9 .7
1 9 .8
2001
2002
1 8 .0
1 6 .5
15
1 5 .0
1 3 .3
10
5
0
1997
F.1.3.1.2
1998
1999
2000
2003
Household income
Although the City of Cape Town has the highest average per-capita income in
the country, the current high poverty levels is indicative of the inequality in
income distribution. Approximately 33% of households are estimated to be
earning incomes below the Household Subsistence Level (< R 1 600 per
month).
The graph below shows the income distribution amongst households in Cape
Town. Over 17% of households earn less than R18 000 per annum, which
amounts to R375 per person per month, or a little over R12 a day.
Approximately two thirds of the population receive between R18 001 and
R132 000 per annum. Slightly more than 18% earn over R132 000 per
annum, amounting to R2750 per person per month, or a little over R90 a day.
While income per capita may be a commonly used measure of wealth in an
area, the distribution of income provides a more realistic measure. It shows
that although the average (mean) household income in Cape Town may be
R87 811 per yeari, many households actually bring in far less than this
amount.
59
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
14
13 . 0 7
12 .7 8
12
10 . 9 3
10 .4 3
10
9 .0 4
9 .7 7
8 .5 2
8 .4 8
7 .7 2
8
6 .9 3
6
4
1.4 9
2
0 .2 3
0 .6 1
F.1.3.2
Future trends and goals (employment and income)
F.1.3.2.1
Employment profile
The percentage of the population that is unemployed has recently started to
decrease. It is not known whether this trend will continue.
The City has in its IDP prioritised economic growth and job creation. It has
focused on effective service delivery in order to make Cape Town investorfriendly and capable of providing more jobs. It has set a goal to create at least
13,000 new jobs per annum.
F.1.3.2.2
Household income
With a turnaround in the percentage unemployed and the focus on economic
development and job creation average household incomes should increase.
However, this is not easy to predict and average incomes may in fact
decrease.
F.1.3.3
Strategic gap analysis (employment and income)
The City’s free basic services and Indigent Policies caters for a proportion of
the population not being able to afford water and sanitation services. It is not
known how the proportion will change over time.
Water leaks in private plumbing in poor areas renders water and sanitation
unaffordable to residents in these areas.
F.1.3.4
Implementation strategies (employment and income)
The proportion of the population who cannot afford water and sanitation is
examined each year during the budgeting and tariff setting process and tariffs
are adjusted accordingly. Households that cannot afford to pay can register
with the City as Indigent.
Water Leaks on properties with a municipal value less than R199,000
(previously R100,000) are being dealt with through the Integrated Water
Leaks Repair and Fixit Projects.
60
or more
R360 001
360 000
R192 001 -
R192 000
R132 001 -
R132 000
R96 001 -
R96 000
R27 001 -
R72 000
R54 001 -
R54 000
R42 001 -
R42 000
R30 001 -
R30 000
R18 001 -
R18 000
R12 001 -
R12 000
R6 001 -
000
R2401 - R 6
R1 - R2 400
0
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.1.4
ECONOMICS
F.1.4.1
Situation assessment (economics)
F.1.4.1.1
Economic sectors, GGP contribution and employment
In 2005, Cape Town’s economy contributed about 11.1% (or R112.47 billion)
to South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Between 1995 and 2004,
the city contributed 15.9% of South Africa’s economic growth, and 82% of
new provincial economic growth (or growth in new Gross Geographic
Product) (South African Cities Network 2006). As the city constitutes the main
portion of the provincial economy, the bulk of future growth will have to come
from the city in order to boost the Province’s overall growth. It is therefore
pertinent to examine Cape Town from a Provincial perspective.
A salient feature of the Western Cape economy is the rapidly growing
manufacturing and services industries, which along with agriculture,
construction and government sectors constitute the main contributors to the
regional Gross Domestic Product (GDPR). Amongst the largest employers
are the government, internal trade and catering, manufacturing, agriculture
and “other producers” (mainly domestic servants). Combined, these sectors
account for more than 75% of the total regional employment opportunities in
the Western Cape.
The strong growth of services industries, such as transport and
communication, financial and business services and internal trade and
catering, has been responsible for the better performance of the Western
Cape economy over the past five years. In contrast, the growth of the
Western Cape manufacturing industry has been disappointing as real valueadded manufacturing grew at only 1.4% per annum between 1999 and 2003.
The share of manufacturing in the regional GDP declined from 23% in 1995 to
19.9% in 2003. The decline in the sector’s formal employment contribution
dropped from 21% in 1995 to 16% in 2003. In very capital-intensive sectors,
such as basic chemicals and basic iron and steel, increased investment has
coincided with large reductions in employment.
The most dramatic development since 1995 is that there has been a decline
in employment in the manufacturing and an increase in informal employment.
The manufacturing sector has been overtaken from being the largest
employer by general government services and community and social services
- this being the major generator of formal sector employment - almost
doubling in a decade.
In the primary sector, the performance of agriculture, forestry and fishing in
the Western Cape shows an average annual growth rate of only 1.9 % since
1995. However, recent developments show increased activity in fishing and
Mari culture.
Although the Western Cape economy out performed the South African
economy in GDP or value-added terms, the growth in the tertiary services
sector has not been creating jobs. This is a key risk factor as it jeopardizes
the Western Cape’s chances of sharing economic benefits to a broader range
of people and municipal areas.
An important factor for local economic development is the trends in the Small
Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMME sector), which contributes significantly
to overall employment. Established businesses within the Western Cape only
61
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
constitutes 23 000, which in essence translates into 12% of businesses. In
contrast there were around 336 000 owner-managers in the Western Cape in
2003, which translated into the starting or running of 189 000 businesses.
Owner-manager and small businesses account for up to 40% of provincial
employment.
The Province’s four core sectors – agriculture, manufacturing, trade and
financial and business services – are each well diversified, which reduces the
risk of over-dependence on any single industry. A crucial dimension of the
Western Cape is its coastal location and the opportunities that arise from it.
These opportunities are not only in exports, but also in deepening
international links around investment, technology and production networks.
The challenges facing the Western Cape including the translation of
opportunities into output growth and employment in relatively labour-intensive
areas such as manufacturing. Lessons from industrializing countries and
regions indicate that government plays a crucial role in strategic repositioning
by anticipating future developments together with local economic
stakeholders, and co-ordinating the actions of local institutions to meet the
dynamic needs of the global customer.
The challenges to job creation are made more acute due to a relatively young
population with 85% of the population being 50 years or younger and 66% of
the population being of working age (between 16 and 65 years old). The
demand on job creation is further increased by the steady net in-migration of
approximately 48,000 individuals (mostly young people) into the province
each year. This is particularly prevalent in the southern coastal region right
down to Cape Town.
In an attempt to respond to the global and national economic trends, the
Province has to focus on sector and industry specific opportunities. A key
role includes facilitating SMME's and sector organization development, which
will allow the Province to take full advantage of opportunities presented.
In this regard that integrated planning demands that both provincial and
municipal government works from shared baseline information, which will
inform infrastructure investment decisions and local economic development
strategies.
Importantly, iKapa Elihlumayo and the associated provincial annual budgets
cannot match resource allocations to satisfy all the development challenges
within a reality of limited resources. It however plants the seeds for “shared
growth” over time in the allocation mix that aligns to the social and economic
goals of iKapa Elihlumayo. The IDP Needs Analysis will consider the National
and Provincial context first.
The economy of the City of Cape Town and surrounds, have shown a robust
growth rate of about 3% since 1994. This exceeds the national average of
2.5% (Wesgro, 2005) for the same period. The economic growth rate for
2002 was 3,8% (IDP, 2005) and is expected to rise to around 4% in 2006.
However, Cape Town’s economic growth needs to be accelerated even
further to around 6-7% annually in order to reduce current unemployment
levels. The biggest economic growth constraint is the low skills levels of the
labour force. It is estimated that more than 60 % of adults do not have a
matric qualification. (IDP, 2005)
In 2002, Cape Town contributed 12% to South Africa’s gross domestic
product (GDP), which included R 91 billion in goods and services produced.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
This represents an annual growth rate of 2.8% in GDP since 2000 (Wesgro,
2005).
F.1.4.1.2
Economic trends
Currently, a key strength of the city’s economy is that it is relatively well
diversified. However, in line with global trends, there has been a shift towards
the services sector with the three sectors experiencing most growth recently
being finance and business services, trade, catering and accommodation,
transport and communication. The manufacturing and government services
sectors both declined between 1995 and 2004. Manufacturing, which
accounts for 19.4% of employment, is in decline. The services and real estate
sectors have been the major drivers of growth with the city performing
particularly well in an era of low national growth and a large post-democracy
increase in tourism and agricultural exports. However, the improving national
economic scenario over recent years has been driven by the strong global
demand for resources, partly driven by rapid growth in China’s economy and
has not had strong spin offs for the city’s economy. The relatively strong Rand
has had negative impacts on the global competitiveness of the city’s major
economic sectors. According to the Department of Trade and Industry (2002),
93% of Cape Town businesses are small, contributing approximately 50% of
total output and 40% of total formal employment (City of Cape Town, 2006d).
Figure F.1.4.1.2: Comparison of level of unemployment and GGP growth
in Cape Town
35
1 4 0 .0
30
8 2 .3
8 2 .4
8 6 .1
9 4 .5
9 0 .3
1 0 0 .0
2 0 .9
20
2 3 .6
2 0 .8
2 2 .7
2 0 .6
19 .7
15
1 2 0 .0
8 0 .0
6 0 .0
16 .5
15
10
4 0 .0
13 .3
5
2 0 .0
0
0 .0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Source: Statistics South Africa, 2005
F.1.4.2
Future trends and goals (economics)
F.1.4.2.1
Economic sectors, GGP contribution and employment
Refer to F.1.4.1.2
63
2004
2005
G G P (R b illio n s )
% unem poym ent
25
9 8 .4
112 .5
10 8 .0
10 2 .3
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.1.4.2.2
Economic trends
Refer to F.1.4.1.2
F.1.4.3
Strategic gap analysis (economics)
The water demand predictions factor in the projected economic growth.
Future wastewater loading predictions are not integrated into this model.
The City’s ability to keep pace with the need to upgrade and extend the water
and wastewater infrastructure is currently under severe strain. Increased
economic growth will further exacerbate this.
F.1.4.4
Implementation and strategies
The water demand and wastewater loading prediction models will be
integrated.
Water and Sanitation tariffs are to increase substantially over the next 5 year
to ensure that the necessary infrastructure can be upgraded and extended. At
the same time the WC/WDM Strategy will focus on reducing water demands.
This will assist in postponing the implementation of new water resource
schemes and reduce the hydraulic loading on wastewater treatment works.
F.2
SERVICE LEVEL PROFILE
There are a total of approximately 656 800 formally registered customers in
the City. This customer base is broken down as follows:
Customer Type
Number
Commercial
15 680
Industrial
5 044
Department
10 567
Miscellaneous
8 952
Domestic*
616 557
TOTAL
656 800
* Includes cluster housing and sectional title.
As at 2005 there were 115 000 informal customers and 150 000 living in
backyard shacks.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.2.1
Residential consumer units
The table below defines the Service Level Categories as used by the City of
Cape Town:
Service Level Categories
Category
WATER
Inadequate
No access to basic water supply as defined below. (Water would generally
be obtained at great difficulty from other residents supplied at an
emergency, basic or full level of supply.)
Emergency
Partial access to basic water supply, as dictated by site-specific constraints
(e.g., high dwelling densities).
Basic
m) The provision of
taps/standpipes):
potable
water
(usually
through
communal
•
within 200 metres of a household;
•
at a ratio of not more than 25 households per tap (based on 25 litres
per person per day at a flow rate of 10 litres per minute);
•
with an effectiveness of not more than 7 days interruption supply to
any consumer per year; and
n) the provision of appropriate education in respect of effective water use.
Full
House connection
SANITATION
Inadequate
No access to sanitation as defined below. (Residents would either share
with other residents, supplied at a basic or full level of supply, their
sanitation facilities, or would provide for themselves – often through
unhygienic means. In many instances these residents are being serviced by
the CCT through the weekly removal of 20 litres open stercus “black bucket”
containers, a service which is to be replaced.)
Emergency
Partial access to sanitation (more than 5 households per toilet), as dictated
by site-specific constraints (e.g., high dwelling densities),
Basic
a) The provision of a shared toilet (at a ratio of not more than 5 families per
toilet) which is safe, reliable, environmentally sound, easy to keep clean,
provides privacy and protection against the weather, well ventilated,
keeps smells to a minimum and prevents the entry and exit of flies and
other disease-carrying pests; and
b) the provision of appropriate health and hygiene education.
Full
On-site Waterborne, Septic Tank or French Drain
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.2.1.1
Situation assessment (residential consumer units)
The total number of formal and informal households is given below:
Number of formal households (including backyard)
732 000*
Number of Informal households
115 000*
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
847 000*
Number of backyard dwellers
150 000*
*2005 figures
Backlogs
A closer look at informal settlements indicates that there are still significant
backlogs with respect to service delivery in informal settlements. The lack of
services in the informal settlements and certain rural areas are mainly due to
the following:
• the uncontrolled mushrooming of new settlements, and expansion and
densification of existing settlements - all on unprepared or un-serviced
land,
• consumers located in rural areas where there is no access to bulk water
and sanitation services,
• the typically very high dwelling densities in informal settlements (on
average about 140 dwelling units per hectare) make it impossible in many
instances to provide either services inside settlements or access into the
settlement for operation and maintenance purposes (In these instances it
would normally not be possible to provide services at an acceptable
level.),
• the lack of willingness by some land owners to allow the provision of
services on their land as they may not support or want to encourage the
settling of informal residents on their land.
The backlog in basic water was effectively eradicated in 2005/06 when 35
000 informal households received basic water. While 17 050 informal
households received access to basic sanitation, the backlog remains at
approximately 30 000. This remains a huge challenge given the high unit
cost, lack of available land for Human Settlement to accelerate its formal
housing provision and ground level / slope /access space constraints.
The challenge then is to provide basic water and sanitation services to new
citizens moving into informal areas beyond the emergency level of service
and to eradicate the backlog of basic sanitation, targeted over the next 4 to 5
years.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Whilst most informal settlements have access to an emergency level of
service, these services are not yet at an acceptable level for reasons
mentioned above. The services are therefore shared by a large number of
people, which in turn lead to a further lack of ownership, more misuse and
vandalism requiring a higher than normal level of maintenance.
In keeping with “the water ladder” concept as proposed in DWAF’s “Strategic
Framework for Water Services, September 2003” (GOTO), the City’s priority
is to first provide an emergency level of service to all households in all
settlements, before extending the coverage and density of services to the
basic level as soon as possible.
F.2.1.1.1
Residential consumer units for water
Service levels of existing formal developed and informal areas (excluding
rural areas) generally meet the minimum standards as required by the Water
Services Act 108 (of 1997) i.e. a communal standpipe within 200 m walking
distance (with a minimum supply rate of 25 litres per person per day at 10
litres per minute).
Formal households have either a metered water connection to the house or
to a yard toilet with water tap (uncontrolled volume supply). The first 6
kilolitres per month are supplied at no charge (free basic). Informal areas
have communal standpipes and water is provided free.
A recent study of indigent household demands in formal areas has shown
that, provided they do not have plumbing leaks, it should be possible for
these households to maintain their consumption at less than 10 kilolitres per
month. With the R20 Indigent Grant allocated for sewerage this results in the
free allocation to indigents being 10.695 Kl per month at 2006/07 tariffs.
Controlled volume supply is being installed in an area of Atlantis as a pilot.
The pilot aims to assist customers in ensuring that their water consumption
generally remains within the free portion. Those that need more than the free
portion and can afford it can apply for an additional allocation but it remain a
controlled volume supply.
Consumers with:
Number
1. None or inadequate
0
2. Communal water supply
115,000
3. Controlled volume supply
0
4. Uncontrolled volume supply
732,000
5. Total served
847,000
6. Total
847,000
Based on 2005 figures
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.2.1.1.2
Residential consumer units for sanitation
Service levels of existing formal developed areas (excluding rural areas)
generally meet the minimum standards as required by the Water Services Act
108 (of 1997) i.e. at least a ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP) or equivalent.
The general percentage distribution of households with inadequate sanitation
services correlate to a large extent with the location of informal settlements
as determined through aerial and on-site surveys and depicted in Figure
F.2.1.1.2a and Figure F.2.1.1.2b.
68
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure F.2.1.1.2a : Location of Informal Areas
69
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure 2.1.1.2b : Location of Informal Areas Near N2
Formal households generally have water-borne sewer connections with the
first 4,2 kilolitres of sewerage conveyed at no charge (free basic) although
households with a property value of greater than R100 000 used to pay a
fixed charge dependent on the value of the property. This fixed charge will be
discontinued from 1 July 2007.
Indigent formal households are currently defined as those in properties
valued at less than R100 000(R199 000 from 1 July 2007). They do not pay
the fixed charge for sewer. In addition they receive a monthly R20 Indigent
Grant that is credited to their accounts (refer to water for free portion as a
result)
In the informal areas a shared toilet is provided. The level of service is
considered emergency when it is not provided at the ratio of 1 toilet to 5
families. Sanitation is provided free to these areas.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Consumers with:
Number of
households
1.
None or inadequate (emergency level waterborne i.e less
than 1 toilet between 5 for informal areas)
30,000*
2.
Consumer installations: on-site dry or equivalent including
VIP toilets, USD, composting system.
3.
Consumer installations: Wet (Septic tank, digester or tanker
desludge or effluent discharge to an oxidation pond etc or
pitliners, chemical, container or portal potties)
48 500
4.
Discharge to sewer treatment works (intermediate or full
waterborne)
768 000
5
Total served
817,000**
6
Total
847,000
500
Based on 2005 figures
Assumption: total of 115,000 informal households.
* Estimate – see below
** Total served depends on estimate on backlog
The estimate of the number of households served depends on the total
number of toilets in service, the number of households served by a toilet and
the total number of informal households. Both of these figures are by nature
estimates and there are inaccuracies that arise in these estimates.
The total number of toilets in service varies due to
• vandalism
• relocations
• operational difficulties in keeping track of the number of toilets
Due to the fact that households either move independently, are relocated or
are moved into formal housing the number of informal households at any point
in time also has to be estimated.
To complicate matters an emergency level of service has been implemented.
In the areas where there is only an emergency level this means that all
households are served but with more households per toilet than the basic
level. The number of households without basic is calculated:
1
2
3
4
Total households in informal settlement
Number of toilets in informal settlement
Number of households served at basic level = 2 x 5 HH/toilet
Backlog = 1 - 3
The backlog is stated in terms of number of households without basic
sanitation. The backlog can also be stated as the number of toilets that need
to be installed.
GPS surveys are done after toilets are installed in order to keep a record that
can be plotted on GIS.
71
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.2.1.1.3
Grey water management
A pilot project is currently being undertaken to deal with grey water runoff in
informal settlements. At this point in time the focus is on a storm water trench
in Site C in Khayelitsha to establish the success and effect of an aerator on
the grey/black water in the trench. The initial results look good. However, it is
necessary to evaluate the sustainability of the process.
F2.1.1.4
Pit emptying and sludge disposal
As there are no VIP toilets in the City this is not required.
F.2.1.2
Future trends and goals (residential and consumer units)
The current growth in formal households is approximately 13,600 per annum
while the growth in informal households is approximately 7,700 per annum.
F.2.1.2.1
Residential consumer units for water
The goal is to provide at least basic water supply to annually meet the growth
in informal areas to ensure that the backlog remains eradicated.
Formal areas are funded by the development.
F.2.1.2.2
Residential consumer units for sanitation
The goal is to eradicate the sanitation backlog by 2012 (and if funds permit
by 2010) and to annually meet the growth in informal areas to ensure that the
backlog will be eradicated by the target date.
Formal areas are funded by the development.
F.2.1.2.3
Grey water management
This will depend on the results of the analysis of the success and effect of an
aerator on the grey/black water in a pilot trench in Site C in Khayelitsha.
F.2.1.2.4
Pit emptying and sludge disposal
This function will not be required as VIP toilets are generally not installed in
the municipal area.
F.2.1.2.5
Types of sanitation technology options
The types of sanitation technology options other than convention water borne
sewerage being used by the City in informal areas are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pitlines
Chemical
Container
Pour flush
Dry sanitation
Portal potties
Bucket
VIP toilets are not suitable for most of the areas within the municipal area due
to the sandy conditions and high water table.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.2.1.2.6
2010 target for basic sanitation
The target is 70% coverage by 2010, with 100% coverage if funds permit,
otherwise 100% by 2012.
F.2.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (residential consumer units)
While emergency levels of service have been provided the backlog for basic
sanitation remains high. There are insufficient funds to eradicate the
sanitation backlog by 2010.
The information on the number of Septic Tanks is not available.
While it is generally accepted that farm dwellers are provided with water and
sanitation this has not been quantified.
F.2.1.4
Implementation strategies (residential consumer units)
The backlog of basic water to informal areas has been eradicated. The City
will continue to provide basic services required to keep pace with the influx
and ensure that the backlog remains eradicated.
The City will continue with its strategy of providing emergency levels of basic
sanitation services to keep pace with the influx and to eradicate the backlog
and replace the bucket system (excluding chemical toilets) by 2012. Should
funds permit the backlog will be eradicated by 2010.
The informal settlements programme giving costs in R million is given below:
Financial Year
Sanitation backlog eradication
(5 yrs)
Sanitation replace buckets etc
except chemical (5 yrs)
Water hh influx sustain
Sanitation hh influx sustain
TOTAL
07
08
08
09
09
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13.6
0.5
9.6
30.9
13.6
0.5
9.6
30.9
13.6
0.5
9.6
30.9
13.6
0.5
9.6
30.9
13.6
0.5
9.6
30.9
0.0
0.5
9.6
10.1
0.0
0.5
9.6
10.1
0.0
0.5
9.6
10.1
0.0
0.5
9.6
10.1
0.0
0.5
9.6
10.1
This programme is integrated with the housing development programme.
There is no longer a need to provide basic services when residents are
moved into formal housing. Services are funded from the housing subsidy.
However by way of illustration the funding required to service the services to
formal properties is R130 million per year to eradicate the backlogs over 20
years and R80 million a year to keep pace with the influx.
The backlogs and rate of influx will continue to be monitored and the strategy
fine-tuned.
There is an ongoing programme to educate the newly urbanised population
with respect to health and hygiene and water demand management.
Sufficient funds have been allocated to the operation and maintenance of
basic water and sanitation to informal areas and the costs are crosssubsidised through the tariffs.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The number of Septic Tank that need to be removed will be quantified and a
programme and budget determined.
Water and sanitation provision on farms will be investigated and reported on.
F.2.2
Public institutions and ‘dry’ industries
F.2.2.1
Situation assessment (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries)
All public institutions and ‘dry’ industries have on site connections.
F.2.2.2
Future trends and goals (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries)
The Water and Sanitation Services Department will be able to cope with the
demand for new services for this sector.
F.2.2.3
Strategic gap analysis (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries)
None
F.2.2.4
Implementation strategies (public institutions and ‘dry’ industries)
New services are provided as part of normal business operations.
F.2.3
Wet industries
F.2.3.1
Situation assessment (wet industries)
All ‘wet’ industries have on site connections.
F.2.3.2
Future trends and goals (wet industries)
The Water and Sanitation Services Department will be able to cope with the
demand for new services for this sector.
F.2.3.3
Strategic gap analysis (wet industries)
Database of all ‘wet’ industries required for water conservation and demand
management purposes.
F.2.3.4
Implementations strategies (wet industries)
Identify top water consumers and identify which are ‘wet’ industries. The
Water Conservation and Demand Management Strategy targets high water
consumers.
F.2.4
‘Raw’ water consumers
F.2.4.1
Situation assessment (‘raw’ water consumers)
The City has very few ‘raw’ water consumers. These are mainly farmers on
the raw water pipelines that feed Faure and Blackheath Water Treatment
Plants.
74
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
On the Faure raw water pipeline there are raw water consumers/wine farmers
who paid for an increase in the pipeline diameter to access this water that is
supplied from DWAF. They are therefore not the City’s consumers, but they
share the same infrastructure. Since they are outside the Cape Municipal
area there is no obligation on the City as Water Service Authority to provide
them with any water – potable or otherwise.
On the Wemmershoek 1100 mm diameter raw water pipeline from
Theewaterskloof there is at least one consumer that takes raw water from the
line. This consumer is a Wemmershoek riparian who opted to draw water from
the raw water pipeline rather than the riparian pipe network. More water is
drawn than was obtained from DWAF and CCT are purely transporting it in
the pipeline by a special agreement.
Apart from the Wemmershoek riparian obligations, CCT have no other potable
water obligations to the farmers in other local authority areas.
F.2.4.2
Future trends and goals (‘raw’ water consumers)
It is not anticipated that there will be many future raw water consumers.
F.2.4.3
Strategic gap analysis ‘Raw’ water consumers : urban and rural
There is no strategic gap.
F.2.4.4
Implementation strategies (‘raw water consumers’)
No implementation strategies are required.
F.2.5
Industrial consumer units
F.2.5.1
Situation assessment (industrial consumer units)
F.2.5.1.1
Industrial consumer units for sanitation
The industries and their current industrial effluent for that needs to be treated
is given in the table below:
INDUSTRY TYPE
NUMBER MONTHLY WASTE
MONTHLY
TOTAL
OF
WATER (kl)
SEWERAGE(kl)
MONTHLY
SERVICE
EFFLUENT TO
UNITS
BE TREATED
(kl)
AIR-CONDITIONING
BLEED-OFF
12
36,947.40
1,759.40
35,188.00
ANODISING
3
6,242.36
297.26
5,945.10
BAKERY
5
6,078.35
289.45
5,788.90
BEVERAGES
11
203,572.74
9,693.94
193,878.80
BOTTLING
1
1,060.50
50.50
1,010.00
BUILDING
1
978.60
46.60
932.00
CHEMICALS
4
264.08
12.58
251.50
CONSTRUCTION
1
114.77
5.47
109.30
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
INDUSTRY TYPE
NUMBER MONTHLY WASTE
MONTHLY
TOTAL
OF
WATER (kl)
SEWERAGE(kl)
MONTHLY
SERVICE
EFFLUENT TO
UNITS
BE TREATED
(kl)
CONTAINER
1
290.64
13.84
276.80
COSMETICS
2
1,183.35
56.35
1,127.00
DAIRY
7
39,420.26
1,877.16
37,543.10
ENGINEERING
12
1,480.40
70.50
1,409.90
ENZIMES
1
2,210.78
105.28
2,105.50
FOOD
38
141,853.32
6,754.92
135,098.40
FOOD/FISH
12
26,752.95
1,273.95
25,479.00
FOOD/SPICE
2
944.16
44.96
899.20
FUEL
1
374.85
17.85
357.00
GALVANISING
3
1,293.60
61.60
1,232.00
GAS
1
420.00
20.00
400.00
LABORATORY
1
1,205.61
57.41
1,148.20
LAUNDRY
21
2,662.17
126.77
2,535.40
MEAT
7
18,476.12
879.82
17,596.30
METAL
14
16,083.38
765.88
15,317.50
MOTOR
5
774.48
36.88
737.60
PACKAGING
6
7,598.33
361.83
7,236.50
PAINT
3
215.78
10.28
205.50
PAPER
2
31,385.55
1,494.55
29,891.00
PHARMACEUT
2
2,323.13
110.63
2,212.50
PLATING
13
8,586.59
408.89
8,177.70
PRINTING
12
6,162.98
293.48
5,869.50
RADIATOR
3
505.16
24.06
481.10
RAGS
1
2,478.00
118.00
2,360.00
TANNERY
1
8,484.53
404.03
8,080.50
TEXTILE
40
156,872.21
7,470.11
149,402.10
TISSUE
2
77,712.29
3,700.59
74,011.70
TRANSPORT
7
2,414.27
114.97
2,299.30
VEH/WASH
4
2,345.39
111.69
2,233.70
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
INDUSTRY TYPE
WINERY
TOTAL
NUMBER MONTHLY WASTE
MONTHLY
TOTAL
OF
WATER (kl)
SEWERAGE(kl)
MONTHLY
SERVICE
EFFLUENT TO
UNITS
BE TREATED
(kl)
3
1,198.05
57.05
1,141.00
265*
818,967.03
38,998.43
779,968.60
*This needs to be checked as other records indicate that there are 289.
The total monthly industrial effluent that is treated is 780 Ml per month or 26
Ml per day.
The operating costs of treatment plants, as well as the transportation costs
from source to the treatment works, are recovered automatically via the
sewerage charge for effluent up to a quality of 1000 mg/l as a percentage of
the water consumed on site. Any non-recovery will be for excess quality
effluent above 1000 mg/l (or effluents involving surcharges only).
F.2.5.2
Future trends and goals (industrial consumer units)
The most likely industries to be on the increase would be construction and
allied industries In terms of the concrete suppliers and the food and catering
industries. Increased production and water consumption in the construction
industry need not result in an increase in industrial effluent discharge as the
majority is re-cycled into the product.
The food and catering industry expansion could result in increased discharge
of fat, oil and grease with associated blockages if grease trap facilities are not
adequately provided.
The trend towards recycling of water at commercial vehicle wash-bays and
waste minimisation will continue as the WC&DM Strategy intensifies.
F.2.5.3
Strategic gap analysis (industrial consumer units)
Non-recovery of the operating costs of wastewater treatment in excess quality
effluent above 1000 mg/l (or effluents involving surcharges only) is a problem.
Monitoring of polluters is currently inadequate due to capacity constraints.
The information and permitting of existing dischargers is not up to date.
F.2.5.4
Implementation strategies (industrial consumer units)
The potential for increased discharge of fat, oil and grease from the food and
catering industry expansion will be monitored as building plans are submitted
to the City. Premises will be inspected for adequate grease trap facilities.
Planned inspections of the top water users and industrial areas will serve to
locate where wastewater treatment costs are not being fully recovered. Top
water consumers are currently being inspected.
There will be prioritised inspection of the top polluters in each of the
respective parameters of COD, Dissolved Solids (Conductivity), pH, Metals,
Chlorides, Sulphates and Cyanides.
77
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
New dischargers are picked up from plans scrutiny, but many plans are
“spec” plans and do not indicate future activities and processes to be
undertaken in the buildings and thus need to be inspected once tenants move
in. Many tenants do not know they need to apply for permission to discharge
effluent; It is a continuous inspection and education process especially in the
new industrial/ commercial developments.
Water and Sanitation Services are working closely with DEA&DP on Cleaner
Production.
20 additional inspectors to provide more extensive inspection of the industrial
and commercial areas have been budgeted for.
F.2.6
Industries and their permitted effluent releases
F.2.6.1
Situation assessment (industries and their permitted effluent releases)
F.2.6.1.1
Industries and their permitted effluent releases
The industries and their current permitted industrial effluent volume is given in
the table below:
Industry
No. of Units
Permitted
Volume
(Ml/year)
AIR-CONDITIONING BLEED-OFF
12
422.26
ABATTOIR
1
54.1
BATTERY
1
0.2
BOTTLING
2
20
BEVERAGE
2
158
CATERING
1
0.75
ENGINEERING
1
0.05
ENZYME
1
18.8
FISH
1
0.01
FOOD
14
227
GALVANIZING
1
8.76
METAL
2
1.45
MILITARY
1
1.61
MINERAL OIL
1
0.46
PACKAGING
1
10.25
PAINT
1
2.25
PAPER
1
4.59
PHARMACEUTICAL
1
7.9
78
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Industry
No. of Units
Permitted
Volume
(Ml/year)
PLASTICS
1
37.7
POULTRY
1
150.89
TEXTILE
5
148.78
TRANSPORT
2
38.63
WINERY
1
0.67
WOOD
1
0.12
TOTAL
56
1315.23
All the industries not in this table still need to be issued permits.
The Prohibited Discharges into sewers is contained in the Wastewater and
Industrial Effluent Bylaw and is outlined below:
Section A: General
1.
Temperature at point of entry
2.
Electrical Conductivity at 25 °C
3.
pH Value at 25 °C
4.
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Not less than
Not to exceed
0 °C
40 °C
500 mS/m
5.5
12.0
5 000 mg/ℓ
Section B: Chemical substances other than Heavy Metals
– maximum concentrations
1.
Settleable Solids (60 minutes)
2.
Suspended Solids
1 000 mg/ℓ
3.
Total dissolved solids at 105 °C
4 000 mg/ℓ
4.
Chloride as Cℓ
1 500 mg/ℓ
5.
Total sulphates as SO4
1 500 mg/ℓ
6.
Total phosphates as P
25 mg/ℓ
7.
Total cyanides as CN
20 mg/ℓ
8.
Total sulphides as S
50 mg/ℓ
79
50 mℓ/ℓ
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Section B: Chemical substances other than Heavy Metals
– maximum concentrations
9.
Total phenols as C6H5OH
50 mg/ℓ
10.
Total sugars and starches as glucose
11.
Oils, greases, waxes and fat
12.
Sodium as Na
1 500 mg/ℓ
400 mg/ℓ
1 000 mg/ℓ
Section C: Metals and inorganic content – maximum
concentrations
Group 1
1.
Iron as Fe
50 mg/ℓ
2.
Chromium as Cr
10 mg/ℓ
3.
Copper as Cu
20 mg/ℓ
4.
Zinc as Zn
30 mg/ℓ
Total collective concentration of all metals in Group 1 shall not exceed 50 mg/ℓ
Section C: Metals and inorganic content – maximum
concentrations
Group 2
5.
Arsenic as As
5 mg/ℓ
6.
Boron as B
5 mg/ℓ
7.
Lead as Pb
5 mg/ℓ
8.
Selenium as Se
5 mg/ℓ
9.
Mercury as Hg
5 mg/ℓ
10.
Titanium as Ti
5 mg/ℓ
11.
Cadmium as Cd
5 mg/ℓ
12.
Nickel as Ni
5 mg/ℓ
Total collective concentration of all metals and inorganic constituents in Group 2
shall not exceed 20 mg/ℓ
80
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Section D: Prohibited radioactive materials
Any radioactive wastes or isotopes of such nature or in such concentration as
do not meet the requirements laid down by the Council for Nuclear Safety
referred to in Section 24 of the Nuclear Energy Act (Act 92 of 1982) as
amended.
F.2.6.2
Future trends and goals (industries and their permitted effluent releases)
The goal is to ensure that all industries that discharge industrial effluent are
on the City’s database.
F.2.6.3
Strategic gap analysis (industries and their permitted effluent releases)
Many industrial premises that discharge industrial effluent have not got
permits. In addition, the increase in the number of industries and their
permitted effluent releases is currently not being tracked.
F.2.6.4
Implementation strategies (industries and their permitted effluent
releases)
Visits to and education of consumers will be increased through the increased
capacity of the inspectorate. All companies that require permits will be
registered.
F.3
WATER RESOURCE PROFILE
F.3.1
Water source
F.3.1.1
Situation assessment
One of the major issues facing CCT in the future is the task to reduce water
demand through the implementation of water demand management initiatives
in order to ensure a sustainable supply of water for the future. The limited
nature of the available water resources and the shortage of raw water
storage capacity have increased the risk of water shortages occurring in the
Cape Metropolitan Area prior to the construction of the Berg Water Project,
which is scheduled for completion by the end of 2007. Two successive years
of well below the long term average rainfall in 2003 and 2004 led to DWAF
imposing restrictions on the users of water from the Western Cape Water
System in October 2004 (20% reduction in water demand required in
2004/2005. Better rainfall in subsequent years, combined with the change in
consumer behavior as a result of the imposition of restrictions and the
successful implementation of various water demand management initiatives
have decreased the need for restrictions prior to the completion of the Berg
Water Project (A 10% reduction in demand was required in 2005/06 ,
2006/07 and 2007/08).
In order to understand the limitations of existing water resources a
description of the existing water resources are herewith provided, where after
details on future schemes/options will be discussed. For a more detailed
description of the available existing water resources, possible future water
resources as well as water resource planning issues, refer to the document
entitled “Water Resources and Water Resource Planning” GOTO.
The CCT is aware of the studies that are being conducted on the impact of
global warming. The issue of global warming and the possible effect it could
have on water consumption is being monitored. The impact of longer term
81
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
global warming needs to be addressed within the Western Cape Systems
Model.
F.3.1.1.1
Surface water sources
Most of the water resources serving the CCT are stored in dams during the
wet winter months in order to ensure a continuous water supply during the
dry summer months. The CCT utilises water from various dams within the
CMA and also from dams outside the CMA. Some of the dams are operated
and controlled by the CCT, whilst the other dams are operated and controlled
by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). The CCT currently
obtains approximately 70 to 75% of its raw water requirements from DWAF
and the remainder from its own sources. Approximately 15% of the raw
water requirements are obtained from sources within the CMA. The following
dams and rivers are utilised as shown on the table below.
Surface Water Resources
DAMS/RIVERS
FIRM YIELD*
APPROXIMATE %
OWNED &
CCT Registered
OF TOTAL SUPPLY (1:50 YEAR)
OPERATED BY
Usage
REQUIREMENTS**
3
Mm
Major Sources
M m3
%
Theewaterskloof Dam/
DWAF
Kleinplaas Dam
DWAF
48.3%
219
Voëlvlei Dam
DWAF
23.2%
105
70.5
Palmiet River
DWAF
5%
22,5
22.5
Wemmershoek Dam
CCT
11.9%
54
54
Steenbras Upper and
Steenbras Lower Dam
CCT
8.8%
40
40
97.1%
440.5
307
120
Total
Approx. yields
Minor Sources
Simon’s Town:
Lewis Gay Dam
CCT
0,4%
1,85
1.85
CCT
0,1%
0,5
0.5
CCT
0.88%
4
4
Kleinplaas
Land en Zeezicht Dam
(From Lourens River)
Table Mountain:
Woodhead
Hely-Hutchinson
De Villiers Dam
Victoria Dam
82
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
DAMS/RIVERS
FIRM YIELD*
APPROXIMATE %
OWNED &
CCT Registered
OF TOTAL SUPPLY (1:50 YEAR)
OPERATED BY
Usage
REQUIREMENTS**
3
Mm
Alexandra Dam
Grand Total
98.5*
446.86
313.35*
* Excludes the Atlantis Aquifer and Albion Springs
** Approximate % of total supply requirement and firm yield includes Agriculture
and other Water Service Authorities.
On an annual basis the usage from the various sources may vary. The
Western Cape Water System (WCWS) is operated so as to minimise spillage
by placing a water demand on the dams that are most likely to spill during the
wet winter period.
F.3.1.1.2
Groundwater sources – aquifer characteristics
The four groundwater resources in the City of Cape Town (CCT) are
summarised in the table below. The volume of groundwater abstracted by
consumers residing in the urban peripheral areas that do not have access to
bulk water services is unknown.
Groundwater Resources
Firm Yield (1:50 yr)
Aquifer
No. of Boreholes
3
Mm /year
Albion Spring
Not applicable
Approx. 1.64
Atlantis
Cape Flats
44
Not yet developed
5
18
Newlands
Not yet developed
10
Total
F.3.1.1.3
% of Total
Requirements
1.46% of total resources
6.64
Groundwater monitoring
Refer to F.3.2.1.4 for monitoring of the Atlantis Aquifer.
F.3.1.1.4
External sources (where the WSA purchases water from others)
External sources are identified under section F.3.1.1.1.
F.3.1.1.5
Water returned to resources
A schedule of WWTWs giving key data pertaining to the discharge of effluent
returned to resources is given below:
83
Present Organic
loading - pe's
(annual daily
average)
Capacity still
available for
development? (%)
106.8
38,982
nil
99,000
900,000
788,527
12.4
38,982
no
Bellville
AS
14,691
54.6
51.8
18,907
5.1
63,930
581,182
561,047
3.5
17,837
yes
Borcherds
Quarry
AS
12,045
33
31.1
11,352
5.8
39,600
360,000
400,000
NIL
10,900
no
Camps Bay
Sea Outfall
2,000
5.5
2.1
767
61.8
4,400
40,000
19,903
50.2
766
no
Cape Flats
AS
91,250
200
135.2
49,348
32.4
35.7
40,000
no
Dover
Ox Pond
-
0.01
0.005
2
50.0
-
-
-
50.0
nil
no
Gordons Bay
AS
1,290
3.1
2.7
986
12.9
1,530
13,909
16,400
NIL
986
yes
Green Point
Sea Outfall
10,950
40
26.8
9,782
33.0
25,600
232,727
175,000
24.8
9,782
no
Hout Bay
Sea Outfall
3,600
9.8
4.5
1,643
54.1
8,820
80,182
32,762
59.1
1,643
no
Klipheuwel
RDU
-
0.07
0.1
37
NIL
50
455
750
NIL
0
yes
Kraaifontein
AS + BF
2,810
17.5
18.8
6,862
NIL
17,500
159,091
125,415
21.2
6,300
yes
Llandudno
RDU
114
0.28
0.19
69
32.1
175
1,591
1,036
34.9
69
no
Macassar
AS
13,280
57
36.2
13,213
36.5
40,755
370,500
236,382
36.2
12,920
no
Melbosstran
d
AS
5,475
5.4
2.9
1,059
46.3
2,700
24,545
15,753
35.8
200
yes
Millers Point
RDU
-
0.06
0.06
22
NIL
66
600
600
NIL
22
yes
Mitchells
Plain
AS
9,024
45
33
12,045
26.7
52,800
480,000
392,895
18.1
12,045
no
Oudekraal
RDU
1.26
0.03
0.03
11
NIL
33
300
300
NIL
11
no
Parow
AS
438
1.2
1.0
365
16.7
748
6,800
7,092
NIL
0
yes
Philadelphia
Ox Pond
-
0.086
0.075
27
12.8
-
-
-
10.0
0
yes
Potsdam
AS + BF
14,700
32
35.5
12,958
NIL
33,600
305,455
385,000
NIL
8,319
at
present
Scottsdene
AS
2,140
12
10.3
3,760
14.2
10,200
92,727
68,417
26.2
3,300
yes
Simons
Town
BF
730
5
2.3
840
54.0
3,040
27,636
12,710
54.0
840
no
Wesfleur
AS
2,372
14
9.8
3,577
30.0
16,800
152,727
87,713
42.6
0
yes
Wildevoelvlei
AS
2,555
14
9.9
3,614
29.3
9,460
86,000
73,615
14.4
3,613
yes
Zandvliet
AS
16,790
59
52
18,980
11.9
41,300
375,455
336,341
10.4
18,980
at
present
WWTW at capacity i.e no
84
199,100 1,810,000 1,164,078
Type
Additional
requirement
within 5 years?
Design Capacity Organic Load population
equivalents
105
Discharge volume
(Ml/annum)
Design Capacity Organic Load
(COD kg/day)
73,000
Present hydraulic
loading (Ml pa)
Present hydraulic
loading (Annual
daily average)
AS
Permit volume
(Ml/annum)
Athlone
WWTW
Design Capacity Hydraulic Load
(Ml/day)
Hydraulic capacity
available for
development (%)
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
spare capacity
For the quality of water returned to the resource refer to F.3.2.1.4
Only the Wesfleur Treatment Works at Atlantis returns effluent to the source
from which it was extracted (groundwater). All other treatment works have
exemptions (in terms of the 1956 Water Act) from this requirement.
Other statistics concerning wastewater are:
•
Approximately 31,0 Ml/d (5,9%) of wastewater is discharged directly via
marine outfall sewers
•
53 000 tonnes/annum of dry sludge is estimated to be produced
• Approximately 31 Ml/d (6%) of treated effluent is re-used
F.3.1.2
Future trends and goals (water source)
In order to determine what the future trends and goals for water sources are it
is critical to determine what the future demands will be.
In 1998/99 the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF)
commissioned Ninham Shand together with sub-consultants Palmer
Development Group (PDG) and the Institute of Futures Research (IFR) to
analyse the past-, present- and future urban demand for water in the Cape
Metropolitan Area. In order to better assess and understand current and
future demand, this study was updated in 2003/2004 by the City of Cape
Town. Based on the potential economic growth and population growth it is
estimated that the unconstrained water demand growth in the City will vary
between 2,7% and 3,7% per annum.
The historic growth rate of the total bulk water supplied by the CCT between
1973 and 2000 was 3% to 4% per annum. In order to ensure a sustainable
supply of water for the future, the CCT initiated an “Integrated Water
Resource Planning (IWRP) Study” (GOTO) to best assess how to manage its
water demand. The results of the IWRP Study indicated that the CCT has to
actively implement Water Demand Management (WDM) measures, whilst
simultaneously investigating and implementing additional water augmentation
schemes. The implementation of the WDM recommendations contained in
the IWRP Study include inter alia pressure management, user educational,
elimination of automatic flushing urinals, leakage repair, tariffs, metering and
credit control. The CCT through its WDM strategy and programme has
committed itself to the implementation of the recommendations emanating
from the IWRP Study. The objective of the WDM Policy and Strategy is to
reduce the projected demand for water by 20% by the year 2010. The CCT
through its Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) has also committed
itself to ensuring a sustainable supply of water for the future. Figure F.3.1.2a
below shows the historic growth in water demand and the low water demand
projection for the CCT. The low water demand projection ties in with the 20%
reduction in water demand objective stated in the previous WDM Policy and
Strategy. The IDP target line corresponds to the more comprehensive
WC&DM Strategy. (Refer to F.4.1.3 for a discussion on which projection to
use for water resource and infrastructure planning).
Figure F.3.1.2a : Demand growth Projections versus Supply Available
85
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
CCT Demand Projections
Existing Supply
Supply incl. BWP
Unconstrained
Low Water Demand
Actual
2007/08 IDP
WDM Strategy
600
500
400
300
200
100
Year
The total bulk water supplied within the Cape Metropolitan Area for the
financial year ending June 2006 was 272 million cubic metres (average 745
Ml/day). This includes Unaccounted-for-Water (UAW) and bulk losses in bulk
pipelines. The City also supplies approximately 62 Ml/d to Water Services
Authorities and other minor consumers outside its area of jurisdiction, for a
total of 807 Ml/d.
For a summary of bulk water treated GOTO
The distribution of water demand for 2005/06 is given in the table below:
Category
%age
Commercial & Industrial
15%
Departmental Cluster
2%
Domestic Cluster
6%
Domestic Full
45%
Government
2%
Miscellaneous
5%
Municipal
3%
Schools and Sportsfields
2%
Non-Revenue Demand
21%
86
2019
2017
2015
2013
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
0
1991
Bulk Supplied (million cubic metres)
700
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The pie chart of the distribution of water demand is given in Figure F.3.1.2b
below:
Commercial & Industrial
Departmental Cluster
Domestic Cluster
Domestic Full
Government
Miscellaneous
Municipal
Schools and Sportsfields
Non-Revenue Demand
For the spreadsheet of calculations GOTO
F.3.1.2.1
Surface water source
The Berg Water Project is currently being constructed and is scheduled to be
complete by the end of 2007.
Future surface water projects, including new dams sites, raising of existing
dams and river diversion schemes are being considered in the DWAF
Reconciliation Strategy.
F.3.1.2.2
Groundwater sources-aquifer characteristics
The future ground water resources are shown in the table below:
Firm Yield (1:50 yr)
Aquifer
No. of Boreholes
3
Mm /year
Cape Flats
Not yet developed
18
Newlands
Not yet developed
10
TMG
Not yet developed
Not known at this stage
% of Total
Requirements
The use of these groundwater resources is being considered as part of the
DWAF Reconciliation Study.
TMG Aquifer Feasibility and Pilot Study
The TMG Aquifer Feasibility Study and Pilot Project was awarded to the TMG
Aquifer Alliance (TMGA Alliance) by the Executive Committee of the City of
Cape Town on the 23 April 2002. The primary objective of the Study is to
determine the viability of the TMG aquifer as a potential future water resource
87
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
for the City of Cape Town. An incremental and precautionary approach has
been adopted in the Study as there is uncertainty regarding the potential
environmental impacts of abstracting water from the aquifer.
Due to the nature of the project, the Study was broken up into 4 discreet
phases. This flexible approach allows for a significant amount of interaction
with the City of Cape Town and enables the CCT to play a key role in the
decision making process throughout the Study. Provision was made in the
Project for the CCT to be able to terminate the project at the end of the
Preliminary and Exploratory Phases and during the Pilot Phase of the Study
should it become evident after reviewing the progress and the feasibility of
the various phases that the desired outcomes will not be achieved.
The Preliminary Phase concluded that, based on a regional desktop
assessment of the Table Mountain Group Aquifer, the Aquifer would most
likely be a viable water resource that could significantly augment the City’s
current water resources in the future. An outcome of the Preliminary Phase
was the identification of 26 potential target sites suitable for exploratory
drilling to gain a better understanding of the properties of the aquifer.
The Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning
(DEA&DP), subsequent to considering an appeal against the application from
the City, have issued a Record of Decision to allow the City to proceed with
exploratory drilling. It is anticipated that the exploratory drilling phase will be
completed by 2009.
F.3.1.2.3
Groundwater monitoring
No changes are expected to the ground water monitoring programme.
F.3.1.2.4
External sources (where the WSA purchases water from others)
The Berg Water Project, currently being constructed, will be owned and
operated by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Refer also to
F.3.1.2.1
F.3.1.2.5
Water rfeturned to resources
The City through the IDP document has committed itself to ensuring
compliance with DWAF effluent standards. It has set as a target 100%
compliance with respect to 4 critical DWAF effluent standards (E-coli count,
Ammonia content, Oxygen demanding substances, Total suspended solids)
by 30 June 2012. Achieving this target is dependant on adequate funds for
R&M, staffing requirements and infrastructural upgrades.
F.3.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (water source)
Water Sources
Based on the projected low water demand curve starting in 2002/03, there
would have been a theoretical shortfall between demand and supply prior to
the completion and commissioning of the Berg River Dam. The implication
would have been a higher than usual risk of having to impose water
restrictions.
The implementation of water demand management initiatives and the
previous and current restrictions have influenced the growth in demand and
88
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
thereby reduced the risk of severe restrictions prior to completion of the new
dam.
Should demand growth follow the low water demand curve, then further water
resources would be required by 2013. Should the implementation of the City’s
comprehensive Water Demand Management Strategy be successful this
would further reduce the growth in demand and thereby delay the need for the
implementation of the next water resource scheme.
Water returned to resources
The Percentage compliance with respect to 4 critical DWAF effluent
standards (E-coli count, Ammonia content, Oxygen demanding substances,
Total suspended solids) remains unsatisfactory at 76%.
F.3.1.3.1
Implementation strategies (water source)
Water Sources
The WC & DM strategy (Chapter F.4) is key to the water resource strategy
and needs to be read in conjunction with the water source strategy herender.
The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry is currently in the process of
reviewing and updating the Western Cape Systems Analysis. This
"Reconciliation" Study (GOTO) will re-assess all the water resource options
(supply and demand side) available for the City of Cape Town, neighbouring
local authorities and the agricultural sector. The Study is utilizing information
from the City’s “Integrated Water Resource Planning Study” and the City’s
“Review of Long term Urban Water Demand Study”, as well as other studies
which DWAF has undertaken in the Breede Valley and Lower Berg River
Area. Effluent re-use schemes are also becoming an important consideration.
The Study will also compare the latest information on desalination to all the
other water resource options available to DWAF and the City. The outcome of
the Reconciliation Study will be a shortlist of options to be studied at
Feasibility level, and associated with each will be a legal requirement to
undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment process. The Reconciliation
Study will also develop a strategy to guide future water resource development
for the City of Cape Town (CCT), surrounding local authorities and
agriculture.
The study is currently being considered for approval. Options for water trading
from agricultural surplus to city demand shortfall is being considered.
Further water augmentation schemes that could possibly be implemented in
the short- to medium term include the Voëlvlei/Augmentation Scheme Phase
I, the Table Mountain Group Aquifer, the Cape Flats Aquifer, the Lourens
River Diversion Scheme and the Eerste River Diversion Scheme.
Figure F.3.1.2a “Demand Growth Projections versus Supply Available” above
illustrates diagrammatically when a new water resource is required. From the
figure it is clear that there is a higher risk of having to impose water
restrictions before the summer of 2007 when water from
the Berg Water Project becomes available.
Based on the low water demand curve it is then anticipated that a new water
resource, after the Berg Water Project, will only be required in approximately
2013. It is imperative that planning commences at an early stage as the leadtime to implement a water resource scheme is approximately 6 to 7 years.
89
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
However, the comprehensive WC&DM Strategy that has been developed and
will be approved by Council together with this WSDP will delay the need for a
new water resource to beyond 2020. (Refer to comments under Chapter F.4
with respect to realising this goal).
There are a number of factors which could bring forward the timing of new
water augmentation schemes e.g. possible climate change, decrease in
system yield due to environmental reserve requirements. Given the
abovementioned factors, the Mayoral Committee of the City of Cape Town
resolved to follow a “precautionary and conservative” approach to water
resource planning and implementation in order to ensure that water
restrictions are not unnecessarily imposed on the water consumers within the
Cape Metropolitan Area.
The Berg Water Project
The Berg Water Project comprises a dam on the farm Skuifraam, a
supplemental scheme and ancillary works. The Department of Water Affairs
and Forestry and its implementing agent TCTA is construction the dam. The
construction is progressing well with the construction of the dam wall
progressing from approximately 63% complete in June 2006 to 80% complete
in March 2007.
The City of Cape Town is funding the construction through the operating
charges from DWAF. It will start delivering water to the City by the end of
2007, and will ultimately supply 81 million kl of water per annum. The new
dam will increase the assurance of supply to all water users and provide
much needed additional storage capacity to the system of dams supplying the
Cape Metropolitan Area.
National Cabinet approved the implementation and financing of the Berg
Water Project (BWP) on 30 April 2002. The Minister of Water Affairs and
Forestry directed the Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA) to finance and
implement the BWP in terms of Section 103(2)(b) of the National Water Act.
TCTA will own the land and infrastructure until the loans raised by TCTA
have been redeemed, whereafter the land and infrastructure will revert back
to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). It is intended that
users of the water will fund the BWP which in today’s terms will cost between
R1,4 billion and R1,5 billion. Other users who are allocated water from the
BWP will pay a third party capital charge (for information GOTO), based on
their water allocation and the CCT will receive a credit from DWAF for this
amount.
It is important to note that the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry only
approved the implementation of the Berg Water Project when they were
satisfied that the City had made progress with respect to the implementation
of water demand management (WDM). The construction of the Dam was to
proceed as a parallel process to the City implementing WDM.
Desalination
Desalination (or desalting) is generally understood to be the removal of
dissolved salts from seawater and in some cases from brackish waters of
inland seas, highly mineralised groundwater and municipal wastewaters.
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Desalination with to-day’s technologies, however, can remove minerals and
most biological or organic chemical compounds. A more appropriate term for
desalination could be “de-mineralization” or “purification” of water.
Desalination as a possible water supply (resource) for the City of Cape Town
was first investigated as part of the Western Cape Systems Analysis and then
investigated at pre-feasibility level as part of the “Integrated Water Resource
Planning Study” undertaken by the City of Cape Town from 1999 through to
2001.
Advances in desalination technology over the last decade have meant that
the cost of desalination has decreased significantly. It is currently estimated
that the cost of water from a desalination plant would be in the order of R5
/m3.
The decreasing costs of desalination, together with the fact that desalination
could provide a more environmentally-acceptable solution, could result in
desalination being implemented prior to some of the conventional water
resource schemes which have been identified. Given the abovementioned
situation and the fact that the City has adopted a “conservative and
precautionary” approach to water resource development, the City has taken a
decision to further investigate desalination technologies and establish a pilot
desalination plant well in advance to large scale desalination being required
in order to be in a position to utilise the technology when required.
GOTO for reports on desalination.
Although there have been delays in the implementation of a pilot desalination
plant at the V&A Waterfront, it is still the City’s intention to proceed with the
project.
Water Returned to Resources
There is an ongoing programme to upgrade and extend the Wastewater
Treatment Works to increase their capacities and ensure that they comply
with the 1984 DWAF Standards (refer to F.5 Infrastructure).
In addition water returned to resources will reduce as more treated effluent
projects are implemented as part of the WC/WDM Strategy. (refer to F.4)
Both programmes need a significant amount of funds which the City is
committed to ensuring becomes available as part of its financial strategy.
Refer to Chapter 9 of Draft IDP. (GOTO)
F.3.2
Water quality
F.3.2.1
Situation assessment (water quality)
The overview of the situation with respect to water quality is given in the table
below:
Resources available to perform function
Budgets
Bylaws
Infrastructure
Personnel
1
Quality of water taken from source: urban
Yes
NA
Yes
Yes
2
Quality of water taken from source: rural
Yes
NA
Yes
Yes
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F.3.2.1.1
3
Reporting on quality of water taken from source:
urban and rural
Yes
NA
Yes
Yes
4
Quality of water returned to source: urban
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
Quality of water returned to source: rural
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Pollution contingency measures
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Quality of water taken from source : urban
The overview of the situation with respect to water taken from source is given
in the table below:
At Source
(WTPs)
At
Reservoir
At Tap
1.
Is water quality measured?
(Yes/no)
Yes
Yes
Yes
2.
Do you monitor it yourself?
(Yes/no)
Yes
Yes
Yes
3.
If no, who does?
NA
NA
NA
4.
Monitoring intervals (daily,
weekly, monthly, quarterly, biannually, annually)
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
5.
Are these results available in
electronic format? (Yes/no)
Yes
Yes
Yes
6.
% Time (days) within SANS 241
standards per year
Microbiological compliance
Chemical compliance Class 1
100%**
96%**
100%**
96%**
99%**
95%**
** Note: in terms of SANS 241/2005 the quality of the water system is classified as “Excellent”.
Raw water quality
DWAF does not guarantee the quality of the raw water abstracted from its
dams. This may impact on the costs of treating the water. For example, the
removal of tastes and odours from drinking water using activated carbon
costs several million Rand per annum.
Algae blooms are increasing problematic due to the increasing nutrient load
into dams. Odour and toxin producing Cyanobacteria (blue green algae)
remain a threat to raw water supplies. Blooms are monitored according to
World Health Organisation protocols and water treatment processes are
accordingly adjusted. This problem could escalate further in the future if it is
not addressed.
Treated water quality
Weekly sampling is also undertaken jointly by the Health Department and
Scientific Services. Samples are taken at various locations throughout the
distribution network.
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The quality of treated water at the water treatment plants is strictly
monitored/controlled on a 24 hour basis by the water treatment division and
complies to SANS 241/2005 and other guidelines. The Scientific Services
Branch conducts weekly visits to each WTP to test the water, inspect the
process, retrieve various samples and analyse them. The results are then
scrutinised, evaluated and compiled as a weekly report with comments. The
WTP manager is given a copy of the results, one copy is sent to the Head of
Bulk Water Operations and one is kept by Scientific Services. Composite
sampling is carried out by the WTP on a weekly basis and these samples are
also analysed by the Scientific Services Branch and a monthly report is
generated.
Non-compliance with the standards are reported on 24 hour basis to
operational managers. Suitablely experienced and qualified staff from the
Water and Sanitation Services Department response immediately to
operational problems and consumer complaints. For details on raw water
quality and treated water quality refer to table entitled “Water Treatment Data”
GOTO.
All water quality results are discussed by inter-disciplinary teams within the
City at the monthly Water Quality Committee chaired by the Director: Water
and Sanitation.
Implementation of Fluoridation Regulations
In terms of Regulations No. R873, dated 8 September 2000, promulgated
under the Health Act (Act 63 of 1977), all water services providers were
required to ensure a fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/l in potable water for the
purposes of reducing dental caries. Fluoridation is complex, expensive and a
potentially hazardous undertaking and requires the implementation of new
infrastructure at an estimated cost of R18 million. The running cost of
fluoridation is estimated at about R 8 million per annum. Skilled operators
required to manage the fluoride concentration are currently inadequate, and
the training of additional staff is required. Fluoridation of water supply has
been put on hold after a national process of engagement with the various
bodies concerned. New Regulations would be required in terms of the new
Health Act (Act 61 of 2003)
F.3.2.1.2
Quality of water taken from source : rural
For table refer to F.3.2.1.1
F.3.2.1.3
Reporting on quality of water from source : urban and rural
The method of notification of consumers of water quality problems is outlined
below:
Method of Notification
F.3.2.1.4
If quality of water does not comply,
are urban residents notified?
Yes
Radio and newspapers for large areas
Door to door if in specific area
If quality of does not comply, are rural
residents notified?
Yes
Radio and newspapers for large areas
Door to door if in specific area
Quality of water returned to the resource : urban
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The overview of the situation with respect to water returned source is given in
the table below:
In the return
effluent
In the
Stormwater
In the
river
1.
Is water quality measured? (Yes/no)
Yes
Yes
Yes
2.
Do you monitor it yourself? (Yes/no)
Yes
Yes
Yes
3.
If no, who does?
NA
NA
NA
4.
Monitoring intervals (daily, weekly,
monthly, quarterly, bi-annually,
annually)
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
5.
Are these results available in
electronic format? (Yes/no)
Yes
Yes
Yes
6.
For wastewater treatment works
discharges to the water resource: %
of time within the requirements of
special or general standards
(Regulation 991)
76%
NA
37%**
** increased monitoring and sampling required.
Vleis and coastal areas comply 68% and 80% of the time respectively.
Random tests are done to monitor illegal discharge of industrial effluent to the
stormwater system in accordance with the Stormwater Bylaw.
Although it was previously an urgent requirement to adhere to the proposed
2010 standards, the implementation of these standards is currently being
delayed by DWAF on the grounds that they are unaffordable. The City has
been asked by DWAF to ensure that its WWTW comply with the 1984
Standards . However, each application for upgrading existing and building
new WWTWs is being assessed on its merit and the reserve determination of
the receiving water body.
Providing there is sufficient funding the Water and Sanitation Services
Department will ensure that 90% of treated effluent is in compliance with
current DWAF standards (1984 standards) by 2010 and 100% by 2012. The
current level of compliance is 76%.
Scientific Services generates monthly, quarterly and annual aggregate
assessments of compliance for each individual treatment works and an
overall summary for all facilities. Graphical representation of these statistics
gives a visual “dashboard” of compliance for the key constituents stipulated in
the permit is given in the table below. For a comprehensive spreadsheet of
results at each wastewater treatment plant for the year 2006 GOTO.
Final Effluent Quality Compliance with Standard (%)
WORKS
Susp Solids
Chem Ox Demand
Ammonia
E Coli
Athlone
98
98
98
0
Bellville
78
82
62
2
Borcherds Quarry
100
98
86
65
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WORKS
Susp Solids
Chem Ox Demand
Ammonia
E Coli
Cape Flats
49
47
49
83
Gordons Bay
100
98
96
93
Klipheuwel
96
60
38
89
Kraaifontein
98
92
76
89
Llandudno
96
98
96
42
Macassar
100
90
72
80
Melkbosstrand
100
100
100
94
Millers Point
69
29
76
95
Mitchells Plain
98
96
92
48
Oudekraal
79
67
85
81
Parow
86
72
88
66
Potsdam
86
26
20
26
Scottsdene
96
89
96
91
Simons Town
76
4
37
62
Wesfleur – Domestic
100
98
100
100
Wesfleur - Industrial
88
45
88
60
Wildevoelvlei
94
94
100
96
Zandvliet
98
100
92
98
MORE THAN 90% COMPLIANCE
75% - 90% COMPLIANCE
LESS THAN 75% COMPLIANCE
Natural features such as rivers, wetlands and vleis form integral components
of the stormwater management system with diverse ecological, aesthetic and
recreational functions. Many have over the past decades been significantly
altered or obliterated by canalisation, urban runoff induced erosion and
discharge of polluted waters. Apart from it’s primary drainage function, the
stormwater system also conveys final effluents from inland wastewater
treatment plants to the coastline. Activity associated with urban development,
unless appropriately managed, impacts negatively on the water quality of
receiving waters. This poses public health concerns and degrades the
ecological health of the inland water bodies in particular.
The Catchment, Stormwater and River Management Branch within the Roads
& Stormwater Department is responsible for the routine monitoring of coastal
and inland waters. Laboratory services are provided by the Water Services
Department.
Various parameters, which include the physical, chemical, biological and
aesthetic properties of the water, are evaluated against the applicable South
African Water Quality Guidelines. For results for the 2006 Hydrological year
refer to Inland and Coastal Water Quality Report produced by CSRM
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(GOTO). In addition, under the umbrella of the national River Health
Programme (http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/) the ecological health of the City’s
rivers is assessed annually.
During 2004, an Environmental Management System was established for the
Potsdam Wastewater Treatment Works by the Environmental Planning
Department. The development of further EMS projects have been postponed
until each treatment works achieves compliance with effluent standards.
Atlantis Aquifer
An Environmental Management System (EMS) has been completed for the
Atlantis Aquifer System, and an environmental consultant audits the EMS on
an annual basis. In addition an environmental officer for the area was
appointed in July 1999, to safeguard the environment, water supply
infrastructure and to educate the public. The Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR) assist in monitoring water quality and aquifer
levels on a regular basis. In terms of the National Water Act (1998), aquifers
are protected by law.
Silwerstroom Spring which arises on the edge of the Atlantis dunefield is an
important component of the Atlantis Aquifer water supply scheme: good
quality water from the spring is used to blend with aquifer water. Abstraction
of water at the Silwerstroom weir results in drastic daily water level
fluctuations which has had a negative impact on the ecological health of the
system and may have contributed to the growth of filamentous algae in the
pool upstream of the weir. This practice has however recently stopped due to
clogging of pump equipment by algae. A consequence of this has been that
the Silwerstroom Spring now overflows the weir and is permitted to flow down
to the sea thus restoring some of the ecological functioning of the system.
The spring is also unique since it supports a population of the endemic fish
species, Galaxias zebratus (Cape galaxias). This Gondwanaland relic’s
closest genetic family is located in South America! The Water and Sanitation
Department and ecologists from Scientific Services and DWAF are seeking
solutions which will alleviate algae growth, allow sustainable abstraction and
leave sufficient flow for the system and the Galaxias population to remain
healthy.
F.3.2.1.5
Quality of water returned to the resource : rural
Refer to F.3.2.1.4
F.3.2.1.6
Pollution contingency measures
Effluent from industrial consumers generally is discharged into the sewage
system and treated at the wastewater treatment works and is therefore not
considered as a pollution threat.
However, that which ends up in the stormwater system presents a real and
serious threat. Containment of chemicals in storage and during transportation
presents a definite risk to the stormwater system and hence the environment
at large. The Water Pollution Control Inspectorate and Tradewaste Laboratory
are equipped to monitor industrial effluents and provide assistance with
containment during pollution incidents.
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The Wastewater Treatment Works’ status with respect to pollution
contingency measures is tabulated below:
Resource Description
Potential source of pollution
Formal contingency
Measure?
Salt River
Athlone WWTW
Yes
Kuils River
Bellville WWTW
Yes
Salt River system
Borcherds Quarry WWTW
Yes
False Bay
Cape Flats WWTW
Yes
Atlantic Ocean
Camps Bay Outfall
Yes
Sir Lowry’s Pass River
Gordons Bay WWTW
Yes
Atlantis Ocean
Green Point Outfall
Yes
Atlantic Ocean
Hout Bay Outfall
Yes
Diep River
Klipheuwel WWTW
No
Diep River system
Kraaifontein WWTW
No
Atlantic Ocean
Llandudno WWTW
No
Eerste River
Macassar WWTW
Yes
Kleine Zoute River
Melkbosstrand WWTW
Yes
False Bay
Millers Point WWTW
No
False Bay
Mitchells Plain WWTW
Yes
Atlantic Ocean
Oudekraal WWTW
No
Salt River system
Parow WWTW
No
Diep River
Potsdam WWTW
No
Kuils River system
Scottsdene WWTW
Yes
False Bay
Simons Town
No
Atlantis Aquifer
Wesfleur WWTW
Yes
Wildevoelvlei Vlei
Wildevoelvlei WWTW
Yes
Kuils River
Zandvliet WWTW
Yes
The word “system” indicates that the effluent is discharged into a tributary of this river
F.3.2.2
Future trends and goals (water quality)
F.3.2.2.1
Quality of water taken from source : urban
Algae blooms and geosmin in the raw water is increasing problematic,
specifically at Theewaterskloof, Voelvlei, Steenbras and Constantia Nek.
Microbiological and chemical compliance to SANS 241/2005 of the drinking
water is expected to remain in the “Excellent” category.
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Growth in the city will require increased monitoring in the new reticulation
areas.
F.3.2.2.2
Quality of water taken from source : rural
Refer to F.3.2.2.1
F.3.2.2.3
Report on quality of water taken from source : urban and rural
There are no changes expected to the reporting system.
F.3.2.2.4
Quality of water returned to the resource : urban
There have been some improvements in the quality of water returned to
resource from upgraded WWTWs. However, significant investment is still
required for the overall water quality to improve and achieve 90% and 100%
compliance by 2010 and 2012 respectively in accordance with the IDP
document.
F.3.2.2.5
Quality of water returned to the resource : rural
Refer to F.3.2.2.5
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F.3.2.2.6
Pollution contingency measures
Ensure that all WWTWs and sewer pumpstations have Pollution Contingency
measures.
F.3.2.2.7
Strategic gap analysis (water quality)
There are a number of strategic gaps:
♦ Ineffective catchment management at dams resulting in algae blooms and
geosmin problems.
♦ Monitoring of drinking water quality in new areas of the reticulation is
falling behind.
♦ The Program for upgrade and extension of Wastewater Treatment Works
has fallen behind due to lack of funding in previous years. Overall effluent
quality is still not to DWAF standards. Percentage compliance is
‰
76% for treated effluent quality
‰
37% in rivers
‰
68% in coastal areas
♦ Lack of community empowerment to ensure that the polluters pays
principle is enforced.
♦ Some WWTWs and sewer pumpstations do not have pollution
contingency measures.
♦ Lack of understanding by the community of the excellent drinking water
quality
♦ Out of 289 industrial properties that are monitored for compliance with
industrial effluent bylaw standards 25% are non-compliant.
F.3.2.2.8
Implementation strategies (water quality)
The following strategies have been or are in the process of being
implemented:
♦ In order to at least stabilise and hopefully reduce the influx of nutrients
and subsequent algae blooms, serious and urgent catchment
management is required by the responsible authorities.
♦ Extend reticulation network water quality monitoring.
♦ Ensure sufficient capital and human resources for upgrading and
extending WWTWs
♦ CMAs need to be established in the catchment areas and wastewater
charge discharge system needs to be implemented.
♦ Identify source and non-source points of pollution and implement strategy.
♦ Establish Pollution Contingency measures where there are none.
♦ Water Quality awareness campaigns (e.g Hlonipha Amanzi for WDM)
♦ Water and Wastewater bylaws awareness campaigns (Raising the
Citizen’s Voice)
♦ Education of the consumer around the quality of drinking water in Cape
Town. (e.g. improve consumer’s level of understanding of the excellent
drinking water quality)
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♦ Increased monitoring of industrial effluent discharging into WWTWs
♦ Non-compliant industrial effluent – identify the worst offenders, enforce
payment of penalties and encourage waste minimisation principles.
F.3.3
Waterborne Sanitation
F.3.3.1
Situation Assessment
The majority of the properties in the Cape Town area are already served by
waterborne sanitation.
F.3.3.2
Future Trends and Goals
The City plans to implement waterborne sanitation throughout the municipal
area. In informal settlements this takes the form of shared facilities (refer to
Service Level Profile in Chapter 2) while in formal areas it takes the form of a
house connection.
F.3.3.3
Strategic Gap Analysis
The ability of the City to provide full waterborne sanitation to those in informal
areas and in backyard shacks is linked to its ability to provide state housing
through the national subsidy scheme or to place households on serviced
sites.
The ability of Water and Sanitation Services to provide households who
currently have septic tanks is dependent on adequate finance being available.
F.3.3.4
Implementation Strategies
Waterborne sanitation is provided to all new formal residential properties. In
the case of private developments it is the responsibility of the developer to
provide all household connections while in the case of state housing it is
funded through the housing subsidy.
Water demand and water resource planning by the City has factored in the
installation of waterborne sewerage for all formal and informal households.
F.4
WATER CONSERVATION / DEMAND MANAGEMENT (WC/WDM)
Water is a scarce resource in South Africa and also in Cape Town. For more
than a century there have been periods of water restrictions followed by the
development of new schemes to expand the city’s water supply, usually
through the building of a dam. Until 1995 the focus was primarily on
managing the supply of water by developing new schemes to meet the growth
in water demand.
Cape Town is a large city of approximately 3,1 million people that is expected
to consume increasingly more water, because of population and economic
growth. The availability of water resources and adequate bulk water and
wastewater infrastructure to meet the growing water demand in the City of
Cape Town (CCT) is a limiting constraint to the social upliftment and
economic prosperity of the city. As early as in 1995 City of Cape Town
committed itself to a 10% saving on the historical demand growth of 4 % per
annum.
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Various studies have also indicated that Water Demand Management and
Water Conservation (WC/WDM) initiatives are the most feasible water
augmentation options to meet the growing water demand for the city.
In 2001 CCT developed a WC/WDM policy and strategy based on the
outcome of the IWRP study. A number of WC/WDM projects were
implemented and some of the projects such as the Khayelitsha Pressure
management project were very successful and received wide recognition. The
implementation of the strategy was however not sustainable and due to
numerous institutional challenges the initial commitment and resources to
WC/WDM were significantly reduced during 2003/2004 financial year and
again during 2005/2006. The revised WC/WDM Strategy under F.4.1.4 seeks
to overcome these challenges, build on experience gained and adapt to the
city’s approach in light of current socio-political, environmental and urban
management imperatives.
Integrated Water Resource Planning
The Integrated Water Resource Planning approach integrates critical
planning criteria and activities into one systematic planning process. It
involves the concurrent consideration of water supply and water demand
management options. It is conducted using an open and participatory
approach involving all stakeholders. IWRP also identifies and attempts to
quantify the external costs and benefits and inherent uncertainties associated
with each alternative.
With the realisation that water demand management was becoming
increasingly important in order to ensure future sustainability and affordability,
the former Cape Metropolitan Council (CMC) decided to adopt an integrated
approach to water demand management and water augmentation. Towards
the end of 1999, the CMC initiated an “Integrated Water Resource Planning”
(IWRP) Study. (GOTO)
The aim of the Studies was to investigate at pre-feasibility level various water
demand management initiatives along with various water supply
augmentation schemes. Recommendations were to be made to the City of
Cape Town (CCT) on where to focus their resources and attentions with the
aim of meeting and managing the water demand within the Cape Metropolitan
Area (CMA). The study considered the technical, institutional, socioeconomic, environmental and financial aspects of the options using a multicriteria decision making analysis.
The results of the Studies indicated that a significant saving in water demand
could be achieved through the implementation of certain water demand
management initiatives. In comparison to the water supply options, certain
water demand management initiatives would have a significantly lower
implementation cost, could be implemented in a shorter time frame and were
generally more environmentally and socially acceptable.
A full suite of the Reports detailing the various investigations carried out
under the IWRP Study are available for scrutiny in the offices of the Bulk
Water Branch of the City of Cape Town.
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The need for WC/WDM
The need for a WC/WDM at CCT is not limited to the immediate water
resource shortages and includes the following:
i. Reconciling supply and future demand. Various studies have clearly
indicated that WC/WDM measures are the most feasible options for
reconciling supply and future demand.
ii. Financial viability of the Water Services. WC/WDM can contribute
significantly to ensuring the financial viability of water service delivery in
CCT in the following ways:
¾ Reducing the direct operating costs by reducing non-revenue demand
¾ Reducing the operating cost of revenue demand (not significant)
¾ Increasing income from consumers through more equitable tariffs
¾ Increasing income by capacitating non-paying consumers (reducing
consumption to affordable levels) to pay for water
¾ Postponing capital infrastructure requirements
iii. Water resource and environmental protection. Limiting water abstracted
from rivers and also reducing the pollution discharged through the
wastewater system can protect the environment.
iv. Assist in alleviating the current problems of the wastewater system. The
wastewater treatment in CCT is currently under severe stress due to lack of
capacity. There are a number of treatment plants where hydraulic loading is
the key constraint and WC/WDM can play a significant role in alleviating
problems and reducing costs.
Consequences of not implementing WC/WDM
The consequences of not implementing the entire WC/WDM strategy can be
significant and will depend on the extent of implementation. Some of the
important consequences are as follows:
a. Premature development of the next water augmentation scheme at
significant cost.
b. The aim of achieving sustainable and affordable service delivery to lowincome areas could be threatened.
c. The existing loss of income to Council will continue to increase. Current
levels of loss of income could be as high as R 205 million per annum (20%
of total demand at an average selling price of R3.5 /kl).
d. The existing direct cost of distribution losses will continue to increase.
Current financial losses due to distribution losses are estimated as R 15
million per annum. (Assuming 10% of total demand and R0.5 / kl)
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The role of WC/WDM in postponing a new water resource augmentation scheme
Analysing the potential role of WC/WDM on the two possible future demand
scenarios, a high water demand scenario and a low water demand scenario,
illustrate that WC/WDM can postpone the need for further water resource
augmentation scheme by a number of years. The figures below illustrate both
the impact of previous WC/WDM initiatives and water restrictions and the
estimated impact of the proposed strategy on future water demand
requirements.
Figure F.4a illustrates the existing demand and the water availability, (EEWE,
including Berg river scheme). There are three high water requirement
projections illustrated each starting at a different point on the existing curve.
The figure clearly indicates that if we assume that the impact of the water
restrictions is sustained and existing water consumers do not return to their
previous habits, then a new water augmentation is required during 2013 (light
blue line). If however we assume that existing consumer return to their
previous habits prior to 1999, then the next water augmentation scheme would
have been required in 2002.
Figure F.4a: Impact of past restrictions and WC/WDM
Impact of restrictions on High Water Requirement
780
680
580
480
380
280
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
20
21
180
existing
starting 1999
starting 2000
starting 2006
EEWE
Figure F.4b illustrates the proposed impact of the W/WDM strategy assuming
that existing consumers are not allowed to return to their previous water use
behaviour. The diagram illustrates that with the proposed WC/WDM strategy
the next water augmentation can be postponed until 2029.
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Figure F.4b: Impact of proposed WC/WDM
680
630
580
530
480
430
380
330
280
230
180
19
95
19
98
20
01
20
04
20
07
20
10
20
13
20
16
20
19
20
22
20
25
20
28
20
31
20
34
20
37
Million m^3 per annum
Impact of proposed WDM - High Water Requirement
Year
EEWE
Full WC/WDM
existing
no more WC/WDM
There is no apparent reason why the demand of the existing consumers
should be allowed to return to its previous levels. The WC/WDM strategy
should focus to ensure that current efficiency levels are maintained through
the following measures:
a. Capitalise on the consciousness and current consumer behaviour on
water usage by increasing consumer awareness and providing further
consumer assistance (i.e. water audits and handing out of low flow
shower heads and hippo bags)
b. Ensure the implementation of the WC/WDM strategy offsets any
additional increase in demand by existing consumers. This can be
achieved if the budget allocation for the strategy is approved.
c. Enforce the new WC/WDM by-laws.
Opportunity for reducing wastage and increasing efficiency
Based on the 2004 demand analysis and from the various discussions with
various key role players it is estimated that the implementation of WC/WDM
can achieve the following savings:
a.
Reduction of water wastage from an estimated 148 Ml/day to 111 Ml/day.
This included both reticulation leaks and plumbing leaks by consumers.
b.
Reduction of inefficient water usage from 210 Ml/day to 147 Ml/day
c.
Further treated effluent reuse of approximately 65 Ml/day
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d.
Reduction in the normal natural growth rate due to new consumers by 25 %
per annum. Reduce growth rate from 3% to 2%. (excluding reduction of
existing water usage)
It can therefore be concluded that the water demand can be reduced through
WC/WDM by 323 Mlday. The following table illustrates where the various
opportunities exist within each sector. The savings achieved to date based on
the 2004 demand are estimated as 73 Ml/day assuming a natural growth rate
of 3.09% per annum. The savings achieved are a combination of the WDM
interventions as well as the impact of the water restrictions.
The activities and the target savings that can be achieved are illustrated in the
table below:
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Activities that will achieve the savings envisaged.
Inefficiency component
Max Saving % savings
target
Target
Savings
(Ml/day)
1
Reduction of UAW (leaks only)
93.0
60%
55.8
2
Inefficient water consumption in
poor areas
39.2
75%
29.4
Activity to achieve saving
·
Comprehensive
management programme
Primary necessity
reticulation ·
Financial sustainability of
Council
Comprehensive management programme ·
Financial sustainability of
in poor communities
Council
·
3
4
5
Inefficient water consumption of
business / industry
Inefficient water consumption of
domestic
Recycling and alternative water
resources
77.0
148.7
87.0
80%
75%
75%
61.6
111.5
65.3
.
Behavior change
·
Retro-fitting
·
Leak repair
.
Behavior change
·
Retro-fitting
·
Leak repair
·
Effective tariff
.
Effluent recycling plants
.
Well and bore holes
·
rain harvesting
106
Affordability for consumer
·
Water
consideration
resource
·
Water
considerations
resource
·
Water
considerations
resource
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Inefficiency component
Max Saving % savings
target
Target
Savings
(Ml/day)
Activity to achieve saving
·
Total
444.8
Unconventional resources
323.5
107
Primary necessity
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.4.1.1
Water resource management interventions: Situation Assessment and
Implementation progress to date
In 2003/04 the daily average water demand was 850Ml per day. During the
severe level 2 water restrictions of 2004/05 it dropped to 737Ml/day. Since
partially relaxing the water restrictions while maintaining several Water
Demand initiatives, it has climbed again to 796Ml per day in 2005/06 but still
well below the peak of two years earlier. The variation results from many
factors including people’s reaction to the variation in restriction levels, how
much winter rains are received as well as the WDM projects and programmes
undertaken.
The indicator being used to track performance in reducing water demand is
“% Reduction in actual demand below the predicted Unconstrained Water
Demand Curve”, the latter being what demand would have been if demand
patterns of 2001 were to continue unabated. At July 2006 this indicator stood
at 28%, about the same as a year earlier. This can be compared to the target
set earlier of reaching 20% by 2010. It is conceded that the restrictions during
the drought of the summer of 2004 had a major impact, but what is significant
is that the demand has not jumped back up to anything near the
Unconstrained demand. In fact, another measure of “% Reduction below the
Low Water Demand Curve”, the latter being a target curve strived for, was
beaten by 13%.
The Water Demand Management Unit has initiated many projects with the
intention of reducing the water demand. In addition, most of the maintenance
activities of the Reticulation branch also have a Water Conservation/Water
Demand Management impact, for example replacing a leaking water main.
Reduction of non revenue demand and reticulation management
F 4.1.1.1
Targets for reducing unaccounted for water and water inefficiencies
The Unaccounted for Water (UAW) in the City stands currently at 19% or 151
Ml/day. (Refer to notes on UAW under Chapter F.6 Water Balance.) In 2004
the level of UaW was at 23.3 % or 186 Ml/day. The overall targeted savings
for this component by 2010 is 55.8 Ml/day which will reduce the level of
unaccounted for water to approximately 16.3 % of the total demand.
F 4.1.1.2
Reducing high pressures for residential consumers : urban
It is estimated that the pressure reduction can reduce the overall water
demand by 25.02 Ml/day.
In the last financial year, two pressure management projects were completed,
which reduce excess pressure in a supply zone, thereby reducing losses
through any leaks:
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Mfuleni
The average pressure in this township was reduced from 7 to 4 bar,
generating a saving of 36 000 kl (R200 880) per month. The night flows were
significantly reduced by more than 50%. The low project cost of R300 000
yields a very short payback period of only 2 months. Investigations are being
done to further reduce the pressure at night, by means of time-modulated
specialist controllers.
Gugulethu
Further savings can be obtained from the system installed, but current
statistics indicate a saving in the region of 48 180kl (R 268 844) per month.
The payback period is only 1 month.
It is estimated that combined reductions in demand from the projects has
already resulted in savings of approximately 2.5 Ml/day.
F.4.1.1.3
Reducing high pressures for residential consumers : rural
The City has a very small rural component and reducing pressures here will
result in an insignificant water saving.
Consumer / end-use demand management
F4.1.1.4
Public information and education programmes
Consumers have been made aware of the need to save water through a
variety of means. Many shopping malls have been targeted in the Metro
together with the Airwave media. Display stands have been set up at most
events held around the City including during Local Government-, Water- and
Sanitation Weeks.
The awareness and education campaign ‘Hlonipha Amanzi” is run primarily in
informal Settlements, the aim being to ensure that water is not wasted through
lack of knowledge, once fully serviced plots are provided. This is a proactive,
enabling way of dealing with issues around wastage prior to them occurring.
This campaign will be continued.
F4.1.1.5
Leaks Projects
The focus here was to fix leaks in domestic plumbing on private property. Two
projects were undertaken:
Mfuleni Integrated Leaks Project
The project outlook was to integrate various aspects of interaction between
the community and the City with respect to Water and Sanitation Services.
The project included raising awareness and training of identified individuals,
with the intention of leaving skills behind in the community. This will enhance
the sustainability factor in such projects. The saving statistics indicate that
this project was a success and promises to sustain current savings. At the
start of the project the average monthly water consumption per property was
18,5kl. This radically reduced to 11,4kl per month, boasting a saving of 7kl
per month per property of which there are in the region of 8 000 in this area.
The payback period has been estimated at 5 months.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
FixIt Leaks Programme
The target for this programme is indigent homes, properties under the value
of R100 000. Indications were that 10% of these used in excess of 30kl per
month which is unacceptably high. The project prioritised the largest-volume
users in this category. As an incentive, it is agreed that arrears will be written
off, should the owner keep a leak-free property for 6 months after the repair is
complete.
So far, 8 000 leak repairs have been completed at an average saving of 25kl
per households per month. An investment of R95 000 will continue to yield an
approximate saving of R558 000 per month.
F.4.1.1.6
Leak and meter repair programme : rural
See urban.
Water resource conservation
F4.1.1.7
Working for water programme; Removal of Alien Vegetation
The CCT has an ongoing programme for the removal of alien vegetation in
the catchment areas of their dams. This programme will have the effect of
increasing available run-off. The CCT also contributes towards the removal
of alien vegetation in DWAF catchments through a catchment management
charge.
The City’s Integrated Aquatic Weed Control Programme aims to assist with
management of alien aquatic weeds which occur in rivers, canals, wetlands,
dams and treatment ponds. Depending on conditions prevailing in the target
water body, mechanical, manual, chemical or biocontrol methods may be
recommended.
The national departments of Agriculture and DWAF have established regional
aquatic weed management groups (the City of Cape Town is represented on
the Western Cape Regional Aquatic Weeds group) which advocate this
approach.
Mechanical removal methods which are sometimes combined with litter or silt
removal activities can be destructive to rivers or wetlands since habitats and
sediments tend to be disturbed. Timing of such activities outside of bird and
frog breeding seasons is important. Chemical control methods involve the use
of herbicides which have been registered for use in water and which are
intended for use on the target weed. Trained operators should be used and it
is useful to provide information to the public or erect signage to help with
alleviating potential concerns about spraying herbicides over aquatic
ecosystems. Biocontrol agents are generally insects which are natural
enemies of the alien plant species. Introduction of biocontrols onto host plants
can result in moderate to complete control of the nuisance plant population.
Biocontrol agents are available in South Africa for control of water hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), parrots feather
(Myriophyllum aquaticum), South American water fern (Azolla filliculoides)
and kariba weed (Salvinia molesta). An addendum to the Catchment,
Stormwater and River Management’s River Maintenance Guidelines entitled
“Decision Support Guide for the Control of Aquatic Weeds” is available and
additional advice regarding integrated aquatic weed control can be obtained
from Scientific Services or Catchment, Stormwater and River Management.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Non-conventional Resources
F.4.1.1.8
Treated Effluent re-use
Two thirds of the City’s water consumption ends up in more than 22
Wastewater Treatment Works across the City from where the final effluent is
normally discharged back into the environment. The opportunity for re-using
the treated effluent has not yet been fully exploited. Thus far, the majority of
Golf Courses in the City are using treated effluent for irrigation purposes, as
do parks and sport fields. A limited number of Industries are also benefiting
from the lower tariff. The total existing average daily summer re-use is
estimated at 30 Ml per day or 7% of the total waste water treated.
A study of more than a year ago highlighted that there still is lots of potential
to expand the use of treated effluent to more users.
A major extension of the Potsdam Treated Effluent Re-use scheme has been
completed. It includes a new intake chamber, two new pump stations, a
filtration plant, 4km of pipeline and a 40Ml storage reservoir. This scheme is
able to re-use 17Ml/day of treated effluent, saving on the same amount of
potable water use. It was constructed at a cost of R19,0M.
F.4.1.2
Water resource management interventions: Future trends and goals
Reduction of non revenue demand and reticulation management
F4.1.2.1
Targets for reducing unaccounted for water and water inefficiencies: urban
As the implementation of the WC/DM Strategy intensifies the assumptions will
be tested and the targets reviewed either up or down depending on the
accuracy of the current assumptions. District management areas will be
implemented throughout the Council by installing additional district meters.
Leak detection activities will be intensified and a dedicated team will soon be
established.
F.4.1.2.2
Leak reducing high pressures for residential consumers : urban
Further projects will be implemented and it envisaged that pressure reducing
valves will be installed in two more district management areas in the next
financial year. One of the areas will be target for pressure reduction will be the
Atlantis (Protea Park). A city council assessment for pressure reduction
opportunities will also be carried out. The target assumptions stated above
will be tested and the targets reviewed either up or down depending on the
accuracy of the current assumptions.
F.4.1.2.3
Reducing high pressures for residential consumers : rural
Refer to F.4.1.2.2
Consumer / end-use demand management
F.4.1.2.4
Public information and education programmes
The following programmes/projects will be continued:
♦ Water and Sanitation Weeks
♦ Media Campaign
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
♦ School education programme and water audits
♦ Shopping Mall Promotions
♦ The “Hlonipha Amanzi” Programme
In addition, the following programmes are in the process of being launched:
♦
♦
♦
♦
Bylaws awareness workshops
Raising the Citizen’s Voice
Top 100 consumers
Establishment of consumer forums
A project to introduce WC/WDM during the 2010 soccer world cup will also be
initiated.
F.4.1.2.5
Leak and meter repair programmes : urban
The following initiatives are planned for over the next two years:
♦ A comprehensive demand management project will be implemented in the
Atlantis (Protea Park).
♦ Further comprehensive demand projects will be identified and rolled out
over the next 5 years.
♦ The Fix-It leak projects will continue in various areas. The Fix-It leak
projects targets high consumers in low cost areas until such a time as a
comprehensive demand project is implemented.
♦ A comprehensive debt management policy will begin to role out. Part of
the debt management will be to introduce flow limiters (demand
management devices). The debt management policy will be implemented
as part of the comprehensive demand management projects but also on
an ad-hock basis for high consumers in low cost areas as part of the Fix-It
leak initiative.
F.4.1.2.6
Leak and meter repair programmes : rural
Refer to F.4.1.2.5
Water resource conservation
F.4.1.2.7
Working for water programme
The Working for Water Programme will continue in its current state.
F.4.1.3
Strategic Gap analysis (WRM interventions)
The envisaged WC/WDM strategy for Cape Town is perhaps a lot more
challenging and comprehensive than in most other cities in South Africa. An
estimated budget of over more than R 700 million of the next 10 years is
envisaged to achieve the full economic potential of WC/WDM. Monitoring the
effectiveness of the strategy is critical as it will impact planning for the next
water resource and infrastructure schemes. The most key strategic gaps in
the implementation of a WC/WDM Strategy are:
Resources
♦ Ensuing adequate financial resources
♦ Inadequate human resources to implement WC/WDM strategy
♦ Inadequate capacity to enforce by-laws
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Institutional
♦ Lack of political leadership (currently been addressed)
♦ WC/WDM Strategy is not a big enough priority within the City.
♦ Differences in opinion and views regarding the role of WC/WDM by
various parties within Council and with other key stakeholders.
Technical capacity and tools
♦ Ineffective management information and monitoring systems
♦ Inadequate demand measurement systems and tools.
♦ Lack of key performance areas and benchmarks on a district
management level and in accordance with other key classification
parameters.
♦ Lack of adequate research on consumer behaviour and understanding.
♦ Lack of use of integrated water resource planning in decision-making.
External constraints
♦ Lack of adequate national water efficiency standards
♦ Other consumers in the Western Cape need to also embrace WC/WDM
♦ Availability of various water efficiency appliances and fittings in South
Africa.
F.4.1.4
Implementation of long term WC/WDM strategy (WRM interventions)
The new WC/WDM Strategy that has been developed to overcome the
strategic gaps identified. The enabling objectives are seen to be as important
as the implementation objectives. The Strategy will be submitted to Council in
May 2007. The purpose of the WC/WDM strategy is to ensure the long-term
balance between available water resources and water demand, to postpone
the need for expensive capital infrastructure projects for as long as it is
economically viable and to minimise water wastage.
The results of the analysis indicate quite a significant potential for WC/WDM
in postponing new water resource augmentation. The calculations however
are based on a number of assumptions that need to be verified. In addition,
and as mentioned previously, the envisaged WC/WDM strategy for Cape
Town is perhaps a lot more challenging and comprehensive than in most
other cities in South Africa.
In the light of these factors, CCT commits to implementing and monitoring a
comprehensive WC/WDM strategy. While it is acknowledged that WC/WDM
is a critical component in the future planning of the Western Cape Water
Supply System, the effectiveness of the implementation of the WC/WDM
Strategy must be monitored and the timing of future interventions must be
planned accordingly. This will ensure security of supply for the residents of
Cape Town.
The strategy developed is divided into Enabling objectives and
Implementation objectives. The implementation objectives are sub-divided
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
into two categories; “Water demand reduction objectives” and “water resource
conservation objectives”
Framework of action
Based on the fundamental principles of WC/WDM as well as the policy
adopted in the previous WC/WDM strategy by CCT, five goals have been
identified and represent the overall policy.
Goals, A,B and E relate to the implementation objectives that will result in the
direct reduction of water demand. Thirteen implementation objectives have
been developed under the various goals. These objectives are illustrated in
the table below.
Goal A: CCT must by 2010 reduce and maintain the non-revenue water to
below 15% of the total average demand and within accepted international
benchmarks.
Goal B: Water wastage by consumers should be reduced and maintained to
below 2% of the total demand by 2012 and most consumers should achieve
acceptable water efficiency benchmarks by 2016.
Goal E: Reduce the projected potable water demand by 20% by the year
2012 and conserve Cape Town’s Water Supply.
Implementation /Water Demand reduction objectives
Policy
Objective
number
Description
Goal A
A1
Reduce and maintain low levels of water losses through the
reticulation system
A2
Reduce and maintain low levels of non-revenue demand by
consumers
A3
Adopt and implement proactive O & M measures
A4
Reduce and maintain low levels of billing and metering losses
B1
Promote the efficient use of water to consumers and
customers
B2
Regulate and enforce the prevention of wastage of water
B3
Ensure the efficient use of water in new connections and
developments
B4
Introduce more equitable tariffs and informative billing
B5
Assist and capacitate consumers to be water efficient,
including the introduction of leak repair and retrofitting projects
B6
Reduce and maintain low levels of inefficient water use by
Council (internal money)
E1
Maximize the use of treated effluent
Goal B
Goal E
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Policy
Objective
number
Description
E2
Promote alternative water resources and technologies
E3
Conservation of existing water resources
E4
Ensure the quality of treated effluent is of suitable standards
The enabling goals defined in the strategy are as follows:
Goal C: CCT must by 2009 ensure and maintain ongoing effective
management systems and implement Integrated Water Resource Planning in
all decisions regarding water resources augmentation, bulk infrastructure
development and water efficiency projects.
Goal D: CCT must adopt WC/WDM as one of the key water service delivery
strategies, and must give priority to its implementation and ensure an ongoing
adequate enabling environment.
Enabling WC/WDM objectives
Goal C
Goal D
Objective
number
Description
C1
Establish appropriate district management areas and
monitor the unaccountable for water
C2
Ensure adequate information and policies to support
decision-making
C3
Ensure all decisions are supported in terms of
Integrated Resource Planning (IRP).
C4
Monitor the impact of WC/WDM measures and KPI
D1
Ensure adequate financial resources
D2
Ensure adequate human resources and processes
D3
Ensure adequate transparency, stakeholder buy in and
commitment
Summary of requirements
The following table illustrates the budget requirements for the next ten years.
Not all of these requirements have not been incorporated into the 3 and 5
year budgets in this document.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Total programme requirements for ten years
Year
Operating
Capital
Total
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
2007/08
R 17,545
R 23,410
R 40,955
2008/09
R 39,308
R 52,447
R 91,755
2009/10
R 51,749
R 69,046
R 120,795
2010/11
R 47,518
R 63,402
R 110,920
2011/12
R 47,837
R 63,828
R 111,665
2012/13
R 25,848
R 34,487
R 60,335
2013/14
R 23,200
R 30,955
R 54,155
2014/15
R 23,264
R 31,041
R 54,305
2015/16
R 24,292
R 32,413
R 56,705
2016/17
R 24,335
R 32,470
R 56,805
R 324,897
R 433,498
R 753,395
Total
Human Resource requirements
(funded from Operating budget listed above)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3 Prin. Technicians
1 Snr. Foreman
10 Snr. Artisans
30 Artisans
40 Workers
10 CDW’s
24 Inspectors
Treated Effluent Re-use
CCT has identified recycling of treated effluent as the most feasible option of
alternative resources to conventional surface water resources. It forms an
important part of the WC/DM Strategy (refer to Goal E).
CCT had numerous existing treated effluent re-use schemes at various Waste
Water Treatment Works (WWTW). The extent of existing re-use, potential for
expansion and level of service was unknown due to the age of some of the
networks and a lack of measurement equipment and control functions.
Various studies were subsequently carried out by CCT during 2004/2005 to
determine the feasibility of expanding the use of treated effluent and to
determine the infrastructure requirements. The objectives of the studies were
to investigate the current re-use schemes and the possibility of further
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
extensions to the re-use of treated effluent that are economically viable. The
studies looked at the following:
♦ Status of existing pump and pipeline schemes
♦ Quality of treated effluent being distributed
♦ Reporting on any supply problems currently experienced by end users
♦ Assessment of potential consumers for recycled water
♦ Investigation into the possible expansion of treated effluent distribution.
The feasibility study was reviewed during 2006/2007 and the information
contained in this revised strategy report reflects the most recent costs and
potential savings.
Three main programmes have been identified in order to achieve the
objective of maximising treated effluent and are as follows:
a)
a.
Installations and modifications to infrastructure
b.
Operations, maintenance and effective management of the treated
effluent systems
c.
Consumer and financial management
Installations and modifications to infrastructure
The proposed extensions to the infrastructure will require approximately R202
million of capital costs as indicated below:
Waste Water Treatment
Works (WWTW)
Capital Cost
Estimates (Rm)
2007 costs
Development
and Operating
Cost (R/kl) @
10% over 20
years (2007
Costs)
Athlone
R 41
R 2.42
Bellville
R 40
R 2.29
-
-
Cape Flats
R 32
R 2.55
Gordonsbay
R
4
R 3.12
Kraaifontein
R
2
R 1.83
Macassar
R 13
R 1.48
Mitchells Plain
R 14
R 2.52
Parow
R
1
R 1.46
Potsdam
R 13
R 2.42
Borcherds Quarry
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Waste Water Treatment
Works (WWTW)
Capital Cost
Estimates (Rm)
2007 costs
Development
and Operating
Cost (R/kl) @
10% over 20
years (2007
Costs)
Scottsdene
R
9
R 3.11
Wesfleur (Atlantis)
R
9
R 2.76
Wildevoelvlei
R 11
R 2.47
Zandvliet
R 13
R 2.92
-
-
Marine Outfalls
Total
R 202
An immediate action plan was formulated to implement “quick-win” initiatives.
The immediate action plan is illustrated in the table below. Potential effluent
reuse figures are estimated annual averages.
PLANT
EFFLUENT REUSE
Site
Present Immediate Cost
Long
term
Cost
Ml/d
Ml/d
NPV(R/m) Demand
Ml/d
NPV(R/m)
Total
Athlone
2.911
0
0
14.787
41
17.698
Bellville
4.133
0.000
0
7.103
40
11.236
Cape flats
2.620
0.204
0
5.356
32
8.180
Gordons Bay
0.000
0.291
0
0.763
4
1.054
Kraaifontein
0.833
3.202
0.54
0.623
2
4.657
Macassar
2.038
0.000
0
4.949
13
6.986
Mitchells Plain
0.000
0.000
0
3.528
14
3.528
Parow
0.699
0.175
0.45
0.437
1
1.310
Potsdam
4.657
0.000
0
19.212
13
23.869
Scotsdene
0.116
3.202
2.5
1.182
9
4.500
Wesfleur
0.175
0.000
0
1.863
9
2.038
Wildevoelvlei
0.000
0.000
0
2.765
11
2.765
Zandvleit
0.291
0.000
0
2.329
13
2.620
18.473
7.073
3.49
64.895
202
90.441
Total
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The income that can be generated from the immediate action plan is
estimated at R 5.2 million per annum.
The proposed activities of this programme that need to be budgeted are
indicated in ascending order of priority based on the allocations of the various
modifications to the WWTW and reticulation infrastructure.
E1.1.1 Implement immediate measures to upgrade existing works
E1.1.2 Implementation of Macassar w/t proposals
E1.1.3 Implementation of Athlone w/t proposals
E1.1.4 Implementation of Bellville w/t proposals
E1.1.5 Implementation of Cape Flats w/t proposals
E1.1.6 Implementation of Wildevoelvlei w/t proposals
E1.1.7 Implementation of Mitchells Plain w/t proposals
E1.1.8 Implementation of Potsdam w/t proposals
E1.1.9 Implementation of Kraaifontein w/t proposals
E1.1.10 Implementation of Zandvliet w/t proposals
E1.1.11 Implementation of Gordonbay w/t proposals
E1.1.12 Implementation of Parow w/t proposals
E1.1.13 Implementation of Scottsdene w/t proposals
E1.1.14 Implementation of Wesfleur (Atlantis) w/t proposals
E1.1.15 Review and update feasibility study
b)
Operations, maintenance and effective management of the treated
effluent systems
The recycled effluent treatment infrastructure requires a dedicated
management approach to ensure it is adequately maintained and managed.
Some of the operational functions will be done by the WWTW and the
reticulation staff, but a specialised team is required to carry out certain
maintenance, enhancements and monitoring functions. It is also necessary to
install bulk meters and carry out water balances in the same way that a water
balance is carried out with the water supply distribution system and implement
quality control measures to assure consistency in the quality of effluent water
supplied.
c)
Consumer and financial management
The success of maximising the use of treated effluent largely depends on
marketing it effectively to potential consumers and managing the revenue
from sales effectively.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.5
WATER SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE PROFILE
F.5.1.
Water services infrastructure
A summary of the existing water supply and wastewater infrastructure as well
as the estimated replacement cost (excl. consumer connections) is provided
in the table below:
Water Supply Infrastructure
Replacement Value R mil*
Dams and catchments
932
Treatment Works
1 021
Water Reticulation
8 073
Water Pump Stations
314
1 268
Reservoirs
Depots (shared)
30
Sub Total
11 638
Wastewater Infrastructure
WW treatment works
1 420
Sewer Reticulation
4 159
Sewer Pump Stations
284
Depots (shared)
30
Sub Total
5 893
Total
17 531
*Based on June 2003 Rand Values
For a full inventory of the main infrastructure refer to the infrastructure
database dated June 2003 GOTO. A detailed description of the bulk system
and internal systems is not pertinent to the identification of issues and
performance indicators and is therefore not described in detail. For further
information refer to the various Master Plans and the studies on the bulk
systems:
Bulk Water : “Computer Analysis and Master Plan for Bulk Water Supply
System”
Bulk Wastewater : “Strategic Evaluation of Bulk Wastewater” GOTO
120
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure F.5.1(a) : Main Components of Bulk Water Supply Infrastructure
121
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure F.5.1 (b) Main components of Wastewater Treatment
Infrastructure showing Catchments
122
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Figure F.5.1(a) and Figure F.5.1(b) shows the main components of existing
bulk water and bulk wastewater infrastructure in the City of Cape Town
(CCT). A Geographical Information System (GIS) and Geodatabase is on
operation and maps the majority of the infrastructure along with related data.
F.5.1.1
Situation assessment (water services infrastructure)
F.5.1.1.1
Existing infrastructure
The water supply infrastructure is historically and logically categorised into
two groups, namely the Bulk water supply system and the internal distribution
system (Reticulation). The former system is generally in good order with
sufficient capacity to meet the current required demand. Water gravitates
from the majority of the dams, located mainly outside of the Cape
Metropolitan area, via a number of large diameter pipelines to the water
treatment works and bulk storage reservoirs from where water is distributed
directly, but also via internal service reservoirs to consumers via bulk
connections to the Reticulation system. A number of pumping stations are
also required to boost supply in the higher lying areas.
For a more detailed description of the Bulk water supply infrastructure refer to
a document entitled “Bulk Water Supply Infrastructure” GOTO.
The wastewater system, similar to the water system, consists of a bulk
system and an internal Reticulation system. Tygerberg Hill forms the
watershed, with wastewater draining towards the wastewater works, many of
which are located next to the coast. The drainage areas and the location of
pumping stations and wastewater works are indicated on Figure F.5.1(b).
The Strategic Bulk Wastewater Study completed in June 1999 GOTO is
continuously used to assess performance of existing wastewater equipment,
processes and management systems and identify where improvements are
necessary for more effective performance.
For a more detailed description of the bulk wastewater infrastructure refer to
a document entitled “Bulk Wastewater Infrastructure” GOTO
F.5.1.1.2
Brief functional description of existing main infrastructure components (urban
and rural)
Refer to F.5.1.1.2
F.5.1.1.3
Existing groundwater infrastructure
The following groundwater resources exist within the Cape Metropolitan Area.
‰
‰
‰
‰
Albion Springs
Atlantis Aquifer
Cape Flats Aquifer
Newlands Aquifer
Only two of the abovementioned ground water resources are currently being
exploited namely Albion springs and the Atlantis Aquifers. The Table
Mountain Group Aquifer (TMG) falls outside the boundaries of the CMA.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Albion Springs
Water from Albion Springs is treated with chlorine and lime and then pumped
directly into the reticulation system of the City of Cape Town.
Atlantis
The Atlantis Supply Scheme comprises of two aquifers, one at Witzands and
one at Silwerstroom.
The number of boreholes and abstraction potential is listed below:
AQUIFER
NO. OF BOREHOLES
ABSTRACTION POTENTIAL
(APPROXIMATE)
(MILLION m3/a)
Witzands
30
Silwerstroom
14
5
For a schematic of the scheme GOTO
The Altantis water supply scheme supplies the towns of Altantis and Mamre
and is situated within the Blaauwberg area.
F.5.1.1.4
Existing surface water infrastructure
Only the major surface water infrastructure owned by CCT is included here.
For further information on CCT (including the CCT’s smaller dams) and
DWAF infrastructure GOTO
Component name
Steenbras
Lower Dam
Steenbras
Upper Dam
Wemmershoek
Dam
Steenbras
Steenbras
Wemmershoek
Dam safety registration?
Yes
Yes
Yes
% allocation of total consumption
8.8%
for
upper and
lower
8.8%
upper
lower
% of domestic allocation used
100%
100%
100%
Yes
Yes
Yes
Date of last dam safety inspection
Jan 2002
Jan 2002
April 2006
Date of last water restriction
2004/05
2004/05
2004/05
Number of water restrictions in last 5
years
1
but
ongoing
10%
for
WC&DM
1
but
ongoing 10%
for WC&DM
1 but ongoing
10%
for
WC&DM
Component ID
Scheme name
Operation
Is the abstraction
DWAF?
registered
with
124
for
and
11.9%
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Component name
Steenbras
Lower Dam
Steenbras
Upper Dam
Wemmershoek
Dam
purposes
purposes
purposes
Planned
Planned
Planned
Are spare parts available?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Number of breakages / failures per year
nil
nil
Nil
Physical condition (in operation, poor,
good)
Good
Good
Good
Cost of refurbishment required
t.b.d.
t.b.d.
R12m
Cost of
required
n/a
n/a
n/a
Date Constructed
1921,
raised
1928,
raised
1954
1977
1957
Expected total lifespan
78
78
90
R183m
R47m
R470m
Annual operating cost
t.b.d.
t.b.d.
t.b.d.
Annual maintenance cost
t.b.d.
t.b.d.
t.b.d.
Catchment area (km2)
68,6
29,7
86
Full supply storage capacity (m3)
33.5 million
31.7 million
58,6 million
Type of structure (dam, rim of river,
abstraction)
Dam
Dam
Dam
Spillway capacity (m3 / sec)
600
800
770 (SEF)
Total annual assured yield (m3 / annum)
40 million
Upper
&
Lower
combined
54 million
Can the dam capacity be increased?
No
No
No
Capacity available for development (%)
WC
System at
capacity
WC System
at capacity
WC System at
capacity
Functionality
Maintenance –
demand, planned
none,
infrastructure
infrequent,
replacement
Asset Assessment
Estimated
2003)
replacement
value
(Jan
Type and Capacity
Wemmerhoek Dam
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The Wemmershoek Dam was completed in 1957 and is owned and operated
by the City of Cape Town. The dam is situated on the Wemmershoek River in
the mountains near Franschhoek and has a capacity of 58,6 Mm3. The dam
has a gravel and boulder embankment with a sloping clay core.
The Wemmershoek Water Treatment Plant is situated at the base of the dam
wall.
Wemmershoek Dam has a yield of 51 Mm3/annum at 99% assurance of
supply. When Wemmershoek Dam was constructed a compensation
agreement involving an exchange of water rights for agricultural use, between
Wemmershoek Dam and the RSE scheme was made and a 10 Mm3 annual
release is made into the Berg River from the RSE Scheme in lieu of that from
the Wemmershoek Dam.
Table 3 in Annexure “A” in GOTO sets out the main characteristics of the
Wemmershoek Dam.
Steenbras Upper and Lower Dams
The construction of Steenbras Lower Dam was completed in 1921. In 1928
the dam wall was raised by 12,29 m and then raised again to its present
height. The capacity of Steenbras Lower Dam is 36,2 Mm3.
Steenbras Upper Dam was completed in 1977 and is situated 5 km upstream
of Steenbras Lower Dam. Steenbras Upper Dam was constructed for a dual
purpose of providing an upper reservoir for the City of Cape Town’s
Steenbras Pumped Storage Scheme and for supplying water for
domestic/industrial use to Cape Town. The capacity of Steenbras Upper Dam
is 31,7 Mm3. Both Steenbras Upper and Lower Dams are owned and
operated by the CCT. Steenbras Water Treatment Plant is situated on the
Western side of the Hottentots Holland Mountains and receives its water via a
752 m long tunnel from Steenbras Lower Dam.
Steenbras Upper Dam is also an integral part of the Palmiet Phase 1 system
and stores water transferred via a canal from the Palmiet River.
Table 4 in Annexure “A” in GOTO
Steenbras Upper and Lower Dams.
sets out the main characteristics of
The combined historic firm yield of both dams together is approximately 38 x
106 m3.
Kleinplaas and Lewis Gay Dams
Kleinplaas and Lewis Gay Dams are both situated on the Woel River and
have storage capacities of 1,36 Mm3 and 0,18 Mm3 respectively. Water is also
pumped into Kleinplaas Dam from the small Rawson Reservoir in the adjacent
Klawer River catchment. In 1996 the yield of the system was estimated to be
1,85 Mm3/annum at 96% assurance. The dams are owned by the CCT and
water from the two dams is treated at Brooklands Water Treatment Plant.
Table 5 in Annexure “A” in GOTO sets out the main characteristics of the
dam.
Table Mountain Dams
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
There are 5 dams utilised for water supply which are situated on the top of
Table Mountain. All these dams are owned and operated by the CCT.
Woodhead Dam and Hely-Hutchinson Dam
The construction of Woodhead Dam was completed in 1897. The dam is on
the Disa River and has a capacity of 0,955 Mm3. The dam is a stone faced
structure of cement mortar, and rubble fill.
Hely-Hutchinson Dam was completed in 1904. The dam also lies on the Disa
River and acts as an extension to the Woodhead Dam. The dam has a
capacity of 0,927 Mm3. The outlet works on the Woodhead Dam feeds the
water back into the Disa Gorge en route to the Twelve Apostle tunnel. Both
dams are owned by the CCT and their water is treated at Kloof Nek Water
Treatment Plant.
Table 5 in Annexure “A” of GOTO sets out the main characteristics of the
dams.
De Villiers Dam, Victoria Dam and Alexandra Dam
The Victoria Dam was completed in 1895 and has a capacity of 0,128 Mm3.
Alexandra Dam was completed in 1903 and has a storage capacity of 0,126
Mm3. The De Villiers Dam was completed in 1910 and holds 0,243 Mm3 of
water. All three dams are located on the Disa River, with water from Victoria
Dam being discharged into the Alexandra Dam as the levels in that dam
dropped, and from there into the De Villiers Dam.
F.5.1.1.5
Existing water treatment works infrastructure
There are 22 wastewater treatment works within CMA as tabulated below:
NAME OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
CAPACITY (Ml/day)
Cape Flats Wastewater Treatment Works
200.0
Athlone Wastewater Treatment Works
105.0
Zandvliet Wastewater Treatment Plant
55.0
Bellville Wastewater Treatment Plant
46.0
Mitchells Plain Wastewater Treatment Works
37.5
Macassar Wastewater Treatment Plant
34.0
Borcherd’s Quarry Wastewater Treatment Works
33.0
Potsdam Wastewater Treatment Works
32.0
Wildevoëlvlei Wastewater Treatment Works
14.0
Wesfleur Wastewater Treatment Works
14.0
Kraaifontein Wastewater Treatment Plant
7.0
Simon’s Town Wastewater Treatment Works
5.0
Scottsdene Wastewater Treatment Plant
4.5
127
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
NAME OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
CAPACITY (Ml/day)
Gordon’s Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant
3.5
Melkbosstrand Wastewater Treatment Works
2.5
Parow Wastewater Treatment Plant
1.2
Llandudno Wastewater Treatment Works
0.5
Dover Wastewater Treatment Works
0.1
Philadelphia
0.08
Oudekraal Wastewater Treatment Works
0.03
Miller’s Point Wastewater Treatment Works
0.03
Klipheuwel
0.03
For a full description of bulk wastewater infrastructure GOTO
F.5.1.1.6
Existing pump stations infrastructure
The existing bulk water pump stations infrastructure is given below:
PUMP STATIONS
ATLANTIS
NO. OF
PUMPS
FLOW PER
PUMP UNIT
(Mℓ/day)
HEAD
(m)
RATED MOTOR
POWER (kW)
EACH
Softening Plant Raw
Water
3
8,4
50
55
Softening Plant
Product Water
3
9,1
8
15
Witzands No. 1
3
7,8
120
185
Witzands No. 2
3
7,8
120
185
Witzands No. 3
2
8,6
71
160
Silverstroom No. 1
2
6,0
18,5
18
Silverstroom No. 2
2
5,7
110
110
Silverstroom No. 3
2
5,7
110
110
Silverstroom No. 4
2
5,7
110
110
Proposed Witzands
“A”
3
14,4
166
410
Proposed Witzands
“B:
3
13,9
240
575
Weir
128
REMARKS
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
PUMP STATIONS
NO. OF
PUMPS
FLOW PER
PUMP UNIT
HEAD
(m)
RATED MOTOR
POWER (kW)
EACH
77,4
56
REMARKS
(Mℓ/DAY)
Wynberg No. 1
1
4,3
1
4,3
Wynberg No. 2
1
23,0
8,40
330
Monterey
1
19,0
80,0
250
1
19,0
86,0
250
Pumping in
parallel – 7,2
Mℓ/day
Pumping in
parallel –
21,1 Mℓ /day
Garlandale
1
91,0
104,0
1 400
Kildare Road
1
65,4
43,6
400
1
65,4
87,2
400
Albion Spring
1
4,8
100,00
90
Newlands 535
1
50,0
50,0
373
Voëlvlei Low Lift
3
68,1
24,0
306
2
79,5
29,0
429
5
68,1
120,0
1 313
1
22,7
125,0
429
3
60-300
110
1 700
1
23
90
400
1
23
90
400
Voëlvlei High Lift
Firlands
1
Wynberg No. 3
Variable speed
motor
Variable speed
motor Pumping in
series – 69,0
Mℓ/day
Variable speed
motor
Variable speed
motor
Variable speed
motor. Maximum
300 Mℓ /day with 3
pumps
For a full description of bulk water and bulk wastewater pumpstations GOTO.
For a full description of the water and sewer reticulation pump stations refer to
the individual master plans.
129
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.5.1.1.7
Existing bulk pipeline infrastructure
For a description of bulk water and bulk wastewater infrastructure GOTO. For
a full description of the water and sewer reticulation pipelines refer to the
individual master plans.
F.5.1.1.8
Existing reservoir infrastructure
The main characteristics of the CCT’s Bulk Water Service Reservoirs are
listed in the table below:
NO.
SERVICE RESERVOIR
CAPACITY @ FSL
FSL
DEPTH
(Mℓ)
(m) RL
(m)
1
Blackheath Upper
48,20
174,50
7,28
2
Blackheath Lower
537,60
110,60
11,84
3
Constantia Nek
3,38
230,97
7,32
4
Monterey
23,35
189,06
6,39
5
Newlands Upper
132,60
138,20
7,63
6
Plattekloof
583,60
110,97
12,23
7
Tygerberg No. 1
33,44
110,57
7,64
8
Tygerberg No. 2
275,90
110,57
12,19
9
Wynberg No. 1
8,64
118,19
3,50
10
Faure
614,20
110,68
12,22
11
Glen Garry
149,20
140,20
6,88
12
Melkbos No. 1
20,00
100,00
11,75
13
Melkbos No. 2
20,00
100,00
11,75
14
Witzands (boreholes)
0,250
60,00
2,00
15
Pella No. 1
10,00
241,95
9,69
16
Pella No. 2
40,00
239,4
6,7
17
Hospital No. 1
10,00
193,50
8,2
18
Hospital No. 2
20,00
193,50
9,0
19
Midlands
10,00
175,00
9,08
20
Silwerstroom (boreholes)
1,00
25,52
5,82
For a description of the reservoirs GOTO. For a full description of the water
and sewer reticulation reservoirs refer to the individual master plans.
130
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.5.1.1.9
Existing reticulation infrastructure (by supply zone)
The main supply zone for the city is the 110 meter system. There are a
number of other water supply zones to higher areas. The supply zones also
correspond to the areas of the former pre-1997 local authorities.
Recently there have been problems with the AC pipelines in Kraaifontien. It
would appear that the reason for these reaching the end of their useful life is
that these did not include slag.
For a full description of the water and sewer reticulation infrastructure refer to
the individual master plans.
F.5.1.1.10
Existing Sanitation Infrastructure
Stormwater Ingress into Sewers
Stormwater ingress into sewers is one of the major problems facing Water
and Sanitation Services in CCT. The ingress negatively impacts on the
capacity of the conveyance system, as well as that of the wastewater works.
The causes of the ingress can be summarized as follows:
‰
The sewerage network is aging and starts to fail.
‰
A big portion of the network was constructed with pitch fibre pipes, in
conditions which are not suitable for this type of pipe material. The result
is that the pipes will not reach their expected design lifespan. The pipes
fail unpredictable and progressively which leads to groundwater ingress
for years before the pipe finally fails completely. Only then does the
problem become visible and can be repaired.
‰
In some catchments, glazed clay pipe was used. CCTV inspections have
shown that root ingress into the joints is a problem. The biggest problem
with the pipes is that the pipes fail at the ogee but don’t collapse. The
failure creates a big opening for water to enter or exit and sand and roots
to enter.
‰
Poorly constructed manholes leads to ingress through the joints. Where
sewerage gasses are a problem, the mortar in the concrete has been
dissolved which leads to leaking joints.
‰
Theft of manhole covers, especially in low-lying areas, leads to storm
water ingress
‰
House-connections which are usually constructed by contractors are not
completed with the correct materials or skill and lead to open joints.
‰
In some of the older areas, the storm water from the property cannot
drain to the street. The result is a flooded back yard and proof was found
that the consumers will lift the sewer manhole covers to drain the water
away.
‰
A problem across the City is the connection of roof water down pipes to
the sewerage system.
Replacing of stolen and broken covers is done on a routine basis and the
replacement of pitch fibre replacement is approximately 25% complete.
The silt problems in the Cape Flats sewers remains a problem because there
is insufficient capacity in the one line to allow the other to be taken out of
commission for a period..
131
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The Lourens river to Macassar WWTW sewer has reached the end of its
useful life and collapses are a regular occurrence.
There are also specific areas where infill and densification has resulted in
capacity constraints.
F.5.1.1.11
Existing sewerage treatment works infrastructure
Financial investment into wastewater treatment infrastructure has been
lacking historically due to the high demand on capital throughout the city and
this is affecting essential maintenance and upgrading which results in further
deterioration of the infrastructure or “asset stripping”.
Where investment has taken place, benefits have been achieved through
improved wastewater treatment processes, effluent quality, sludge
management, effluent re-use and the creation of treatment capacity to cater
for development in the City. This in turn improves the re-use potential of
wastewater effluent.
Although it was previously an urgent requirement to adhere to the proposed
2010 standards, the implementation of these standards is currently being
delayed by DWAF and each application for upgrading is being assessed on
its merit and the reserve determination of the receiving water body.
Should the City be again required to implement the DWAF’s proposed 2010
standards, the capital requirements would have to be substantially increased.
Furthermore all of the city’s 22 WWTWs would have to be upgraded to meet
these requirements. Any increase in capital budget allocation for this purpose
will impact the sanitation tariff.
As a result of the lack of investment into wastewater treatment infrastructure
the % compliance of Treated Effluent quality with DWAF standards is low at
76% for the four critical operational parameters viz., COD,TSS,FSA and
E.coli. Major sustained further investment is required to get to higher levels.
Capital of R77,4M was spent on more than 14 Treatment Works during
2005/06 as part of a significant 10 year programme ahead to deal with the
requirements for improved effluent quality compliance as well as treatment
capacity for the proposed development in the metropolitan area.
Since 2004/05 the Wastewater Treatment Branch has experienced significant
success in sludge-to-land/ composting as a means of beneficial sludge
disposal. This project is an example of private-public partnership for mutual
benefit and has led to soil enrichment of farming land as well as reduced the
uptake of valuable space on landfill sites. This initiative is being carried out
with the approval of DWAF.
A schedule of the Wastewater Treatment Works outline key characteristics
and other data is given in the following tables. The following abbreviations
apply to the tables that follow:
132
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
AS = Activated Sludge; BF = Bio filters; RDU = Rotating Disc Unit; Ox Pond =
Oxidation Ponds
LA = Land application; Comp = composting
to other = liquid sludge take to another treatment works for handling
ind = industrial re-use; irrig = used for irrigation
volume recycled is estimated
no (GA) = covered by General Authorisation
Wesfleur eff comp.: 1st fig = Dom, 2nd fig = Ind.
GW recharge = groundwater recharge
The statistics applicable to the existing wastewater treatment works and
sewer outfalls are contained in the following tables. For the spreadsheet of
these tables GOTO
Athlone
Bellville
Borcherds
Quarry
Camps Bay
ATH
BEL
BOR
CBY
Current owner
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Current operator
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future owner / WSA (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future operator / WSP (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Date constructed
1920's
1950's
1973
1978
Expected total lifespan
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
R700 M
R350 M
R210 M
R35 M
Annual operating cost (2006/2007 FY)
R 13,678,326
R 11,192,016
R 9,937,515
R 429,733
Annual maintenance cost (2006/2007FY)
R 2,275,860
R 3,206,505
R 3,205,590
R 201,561
Type of plant
AS
AS
AS
Sea Outfall
Design Capacity – Hydraulic Load (Ml/day)
105
54.6
33
5.5
106.8
51.8
31.1
2.1
nil
5.1
5.8
61.8
Design Capacity – Organic Load (COD kg/day)
99,000
63,930
39,600
4,400
Design Capacity – Organic Load - population equivalents
900,000
581,182
360,000
40,000
Present Organic loading - pe's (annual daily average)
788,527
561,047
400,000
19,903
12.4
3.5
NIL
50.2
mag + flume
open flume
open flume
magnetic
73,000
14,691
12,045
2,000
Component name
Component ID
Institutional status
Asset assessment
Estimated replacement value (based on R7 million/Ml)
Type (process) & capacity
Present hydraulic loading (Annual daily average)
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
Inlet meter (type)
Operation
Permitted effluent volume (Ml/annum)
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Component name
Athlone
Bellville
Borcherds
Quarry
Camps Bay
Total volume of water received and treated per year (Ml)
38,982
18,907
11,351
766
Discharge volume (Ml/annum)
38,982
17,837
10,900
766
Volume of effuent recycled (Ml/annum)
0
1,070
365
0
Applications of recycled effluent (i.e. irrigation, mining, etc)
-
ind + irrig
irrig
-
24
24
24
0
Discharge into (description of source)
river
river
river
sea
Does raw wastewater contain industrial effluent?
yes
yes
yes
no
own staff
own staff
own staff
-
2,500
1,200
3,100
150
beds, to other
mech
mech
-
11,000
37,857
15,294
-
40
14
17
-
4,400
5,300
2,600
-
some, LA
LA
Comp + LA
-
weekly
weekly
weekly
weekly
own
own
own
own
no
yes
no
no
933B
476B
1457B
1527B
09-03-1981
11-10-1979
17-01-1991
24-06-1992
expired
vol exceeded
valid
valid
yes
yes
yes
yes
Compliance with Suspended Solids Standard
98.0
78.4
100.0
N/A
Compliance with Chemical Oxygen Demand Standard
98.0
82.0
98.0
N/A
Compliance with Ammonia Standard
96.1
62.7
86.3
N/A
Compliance with E Coli Standard
0.0
2.2
65.2
N/A
Describe the physical condition (in operation, poor, good)
fair to good
fair to good
fair to good
good
How well is the infrastructure maintained?
reasonable
reasonable
reasonable
good
Are spare parts readily available? (Yes/No)
yes
yes
yes
yes
Number of breakages / failures per year
>10
>10
>10
<10
Operating hours per day (manned hours per day)
Industrial Effluent control (by whom)
Solid waste disposal - grit& screenings (m³/annum)
How is sludge dewatered
Sludge produced (m³/annum)
Solids content of sludge as removed offsite (%)
Annual mass on dry basis (Tons)
Is sludge used beneficially? If so how
How often is water quality monitored? (state frequency)
What laboratory is used?
Is stormwater infiltration an operating problem (yes/no)
Legislative requirements
DWAF Permit Number
Date of issue
Still valid (yes/no)
Has licence ito National Water Act been applied for.
Effluent Quality (calendar 2006)
Functionality
134
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Athlone
Bellville
Borcherds
Quarry
Camps Bay
digesters
nil
mat. Ponds
nil
inlet screens
belt press,
centrifuge
nil
sludge
dewatering
maturation
ponds,
disinfection
disinfection
nil
no
yes
no
no
Cape Flats
Dover
Gordons Bay
Green Point
CAP
DOV
GOR
GRN
Current owner
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Current operator
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future owner / WSA (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future operator / WSP (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Date constructed
1960's
1984
1994
1985
Expected total lifespan
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
R1 400M
R0.1M
R25 M
R210 M
Annual operating cost (2006/2007 FY)
R 27,163,926
R 69
R 1,525,169
R 1,327,324
Annual maintenance cost (2006/2007FY)
R 3,711,224
R0
R 461,313
R 584,732
Type of plant
AS
Ox Pond
AS
Sea Outfall
Design Capacity – Hydraulic Load (Ml/day)
200
0.01
3.1
40
Present hydraulic loading (Annual daily average)
135.2
0.005
2.7
26.8
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
32.4
50.0
12.9
33.0
199,100
-
1,530
25,600
Design Capacity – Organic Load - population equivalents
1,810,000
-
13,909
232,727
Present Organic loading - pe's (annual daily average)
1,164,078
-
16,400
175,000
35.7
50.0
NIL
24.8
open flume
none
magnetic
magnetic
Component name
What needs to be refurbished? (cost)
What needs to be replaced? (cost)
What additional processes are required
Does the works need to be extended within 5 years?
Component name
Component ID
Scheme name
Institutional status
Asset assessment
Estimated replacement value (based on R7 million/Ml)
Type (process) & capacity
Design Capacity – Organic Load (COD kg/day)
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
Inlet meter (type)
Operation
135
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Cape Flats
Dover
Gordons Bay
Green Point
Permitted effluent volume (Ml/annum)
91,250
-
1,290
10,950
Total volume of water received and treated per year (Ml)
49,348
2
986
9,782
Discharge volume (Ml/annum)
40,000
nil
986
9,782
Volume of effuent recycled (Ml/annum)
1,800
0
0
0
Applications of recycled effluent (i.e. irrigation, mining, etc)
irrig
-
-
-
Operating hours per day (manned hours per day)
24
0
8
0
Discharge into (description of source)
sea
evap.
river
sea
Does raw wastewater contain industrial effluent?
yes
no
no
no
own staff
-
-
-
Solid waste disposal - grit& screenings (m³/annum)
2,200
-
300
300
How is sludge dewatered
mech
-
beds
-
Sludge produced (m³/annum)
7,580
-
375
-
95
-
40
-
7,200
-
150
-
fuel
-
LA
-
weekly
never
weekly
weekly
own
-
own
own
no
no
yes
no
1504B
NONE
2097B
1474B
19-02-1992
-
18-10-2001
24-05-1991
Still valid (yes/no)
valid
-
expired
valid
Has licence ito National Water Act been applied for.
yes
no (GA)
yes
yes
Compliance with Suspended Solids Standard
49.0
N/A
100.0
N/A
Compliance with Chemical Oxygen Demand Standard
47.1
N/A
98.0
N/A
Compliance with Ammonia Standard
49.0
N/A
96.0
N/A
Compliance with E Coli Standard
82.6
N/A
92.7
N/A
Describe the physical condition (in operation, poor, good)
reasonable
good
good
reasonable
How well is the infrastructure maintained?
reasonable
good
good
reasonable
Are spare parts readily available? (Yes/No)
yes
N/A
yes
most yes
Component name
Industrial Effluent control (by whom)
Solids content of sludge as removed offsite (%)
Annual mass on dry basis (Tons)
Is sludge used beneficially? If so how
How often is water quality monitored? (state frequency)
What laboratory is used?
Is stormwater infiltration an operating problem (yes/no)
Legislative requirements
DWAF Permit Number
Date of issue
Effluent Quality (calendar 2006)
Functionality
136
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Cape Flats
Dover
Gordons Bay
Green Point
>10
nil
<10
>10
digesters
nil
nil
fine screens
nil
nil
fine screens
nil
nil
sludge
mechanical
dewatering
odour control
no
no
yes
no
Hout Bay
Klipheuwel
Kraaifontein
Llandudno
HBY
KLI
KRA
LLA
Current owner
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Current operator
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future owner / WSA (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future operator / WSP (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Date constructed
1993
2000
1971
1973
Expected total lifespan
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
Estimated replacement value (based on R7 million/Ml)
R63 M
R1 M
R100 M
R2 M
Annual operating cost (2006/2007 FY)
R 456,881
R 208,939
R 2,590,334
R 77,085
Annual maintenance cost (2006/2007FY)
R 479,174
R 46,161
R 1,133,148
R 227,994
Sea Outfall
RDU
AS + BF
RDU
Design Capacity – Hydraulic Load (Ml/day)
9.8
0.07
17.5
0.28
Present hydraulic loading (Annual daily average)
4.5
0.1
18.8
0.19
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
54.1
NIL
NIL
32.1
Design Capacity – Organic Load (COD kg/day)
8,820
50
17,500
175
Design Capacity – Organic Load - population equivalents
80,182
455
159,091
1,591
Present Organic loading - pe's (annual daily average)
32,762
750
125,415
1,036
59.1
NIL
21.2
34.9
magnetic
open flume
open flume
magnetic
Component name
Number of breakages / failures per year
What needs to be refurbished? (cost)
What needs to be replaced? (cost)
What additional processes are required
Does the works need to be extended within 5 years?
Component name
Component ID
Scheme name
Institutional status
Asset assessment
Type (process) & capacity
Type of plant
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
Inlet meter (type)
Operation
137
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Hout Bay
Klipheuwel
Kraaifontein
Llandudno
Permitted effluent volume (Ml/annum)
3,600
-
2,810
114
Total volume of water received and treated per year (Ml)
1,643
25
6,862
69
Discharge volume (Ml/annum)
1,643
0
6,300
69
Volume of effuent recycled (Ml/annum)
0
0
500
0
Applications of recycled effluent (i.e. irrigation, mining, etc)
-
0
irrig
-
Operating hours per day (manned hours per day)
8
0
24
0
Discharge into (description of source)
sea
evap
river
sea
Does raw wastewater contain industrial effluent?
yes
no
no
no
own staff
-
-
-
150
-
620
25
How is sludge dewatered
-
to other
mech
to other
Sludge produced (m³/annum)
-
-
5,000
-
Solids content of sludge as removed offsite (%)
-
1
16
1
Annual mass on dry basis (Tons)
-
-
800
-
Is sludge used beneficially? If so how
-
-
composting
-
weekly
weekly
weekly
weekly
own
own
own
own
no
no
yes
no
2070B
letter
459B
494B
01-09-2000
01-11-1999
06-03-2001
08-05-1984
expired
?
vol exceeded
valid
yes
no (GA)
yes
no (GA)
Compliance with Suspended Solids Standard
32.7
95.8
98.0
95.9
Compliance with Chemical Oxygen Demand Standard
44.2
60.4
84.3
98.0
Compliance with Ammonia Standard
51.9
37.5
76.5
95.9
Compliance with E Coli Standard
N/A
88.6
89.1
47.2
Describe the physical condition (in operation, poor, good)
good
good
fair to good
good
How well is the infrastructure maintained?
good
good
reasonable
good
Are spare parts readily available? (Yes/No)
yes
yes
yes
yes
Component name
Industrial Effluent control (by whom)
Solid waste disposal - grit& screenings (m³/annum)
How often is water quality monitored? (state frequency)
What laboratory is used?
Is stormwater infiltration an operating problem (yes/no)
Legislative requirements
DWAF Permit Number
Date of issue
Still valid (yes/no)
Has licence ito National Water Act been applied for.
Effluent Quality (calendar 2006)
Functionality
138
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Hout Bay
Klipheuwel
Kraaifontein
Llandudno
<10
<10
>10
<10
What needs to be refurbished? (cost)
nil
nil
PST's
nil
What needs to be replaced? (cost)
nil
nil
inlet works
nil
What additional processes are required
nil
nil
nil
nil
no
yes
yes
no
Component name
Number of breakages / failures per year
Does the works need to be extended within 5 years?
Macassar
Melbosstrand
Millers Point
Mitchells Plain
Oudekraal
MAC
MEL
MIL
MIT
OUD
Current owner
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Current operator
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future owner / WSA (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future operator / WSP (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Date constructed
1978
1977
1996
1976
1996
Expected total lifespan
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
R350 M
R40 M
R1 M
R315 M
R1 M
Annual operating cost (2006/2007 FY)
R 8,297,595
R 816,042
R 47,999
R 13,627,145
R 18,153
Annual maintenance cost (2006/2007FY)
R 1,733,912
R 294,400
R 40,567
R 4,696,682
R 23,270
Type of plant
AS
AS
RDU
AS
RDU
Design Capacity – Hydraulic Load (Ml/day)
57
5.4
0.06
45
0.03
36.2
2.9
0.06
33
0.03
36.5
46.3
NIL
26.7
NIL
Design Capacity – Organic Load (COD kg/day)
40,755
2,700
66
52,800
33
Design Capacity – Organic Load - population
equivalents
370,500
24,545
600
480,000
300
Present Organic loading - pe's (annual daily
average)
236,382
15,753
600
392,895
300
36.2
35.8
NIL
18.1
NIL
open flume
open flume
none
open flume
none
Component name
Component ID
Scheme name
Institutional status
Asset assessment
Estimated replacement
million/Ml)
value
(based
on
R7
Type (process) & capacity
Present hydraulic loading (Annual daily average)
How much capacity
development? (%)
How much capacity
development? (%)
Inlet meter (type)
is
is
still
still
available
available
for
for
139
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Macassar
Melbosstrand
Millers Point
Mitchells Plain
Oudekraal
Permitted effluent volume (Ml/annum)
13,280
5,475
-
9,024
1.26
Total volume of water received and treated per year
(Ml)
13,213
1,058
22
12,045
11
Discharge volume (Ml/annum)
12,920
200
22
12,045
11
Volume of effuent recycled (Ml/annum)
293
858
0
0
0
Applications of recycled effluent (i.e. irrigation,
mining, etc)
irrig
irrig
-
-
-
Operating hours per day (manned hours per day)
24
8
0
24
0
river
river
sea
sea
sea
no
no
no
no
no
-
-
-
-
-
300
300
-
2,000
-
mech
beds
to other
mech/beds
to other
20,357
375
-
9,300
-
14
40
1
17/40
1
2,850
150
-
2,600
-
LA
LA
-
some LA
-
weekly
weekly
weekly
weekly
weekly
own
own
own
own
own
no
no
no
no
no
904B
2026B
NONE
934B
1682B
02-11-1988
20-01-2000
-
09-03-1981
29-07-1996
vol exceeded
valid
-
vol exceeded
valid
yes
yes
no (GA)
yes
no (GA)
Compliance with Suspended Solids Standard
100.0
100.0
69.4
98.0
78.8
Compliance
Standard
90.2
100.0
28.6
96.0
67.3
Compliance with Ammonia Standard
72.5
100.0
75.5
92.2
84.6
Compliance with E Coli Standard
80.4
93.8
95.3
47.8
80.9
Component name
Operation
Discharge into (description of source)
Does raw wastewater contain industrial effluent?
Industrial Effluent control (by whom)
Solid waste disposal - grit& screenings (m³/annum)
How is sludge dewatered
Sludge produced (m³/annum)
Solids content of sludge as removed offsite (%)
Annual mass on dry basis (Tons)
Is sludge used beneficially? If so how
How often is water quality monitored? (state
frequency)
What laboratory is used?
Is stormwater infiltration an operating problem
(yes/no)
Legislative requirements
DWAF Permit Number
Date of issue
Still valid (yes/no)
Has licence ito National Water Act been applied for.
Effluent Quality (calendar 2006)
with
Chemical
Oxygen
Demand
Functionality
140
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Macassar
Melbosstrand
Millers Point
Mitchells Plain
Oudekraal
fair
good
good
fair
good
How well is the infrastructure maintained?
reasonable
good
good
reasonable
good
Are spare parts readily available? (Yes/No)
most yes
yes
yes
most yes
yes
>10
<10
<10
>10
<10
aerators
nil
nil
inlet works
nil
inlet screens
nil
nil
sludge
dewatering
nil
nil
nil
nil
disinfection
nil
no
yes
yes
no
no
Component name
Describe the physical condition (in operation, poor,
good)
Number of breakages / failures per year
What needs to be refurbished? (cost)
What needs to be replaced? (cost)
What additional processes are required
Does the works need to be extended within 5
years?
Parow
Philadelphia
Potsdam
Scottsdene
PAR
PHI
POT
SCO
Current owner
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Current operator
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future owner / WSA (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future operator / WSP (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Date constructed
1976
1996
1957
1976
Expected total lifespan
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
Estimated replacement value (based on R7 million/Ml)
R10 M
R0.5 M
R250 M
R84 M
Annual operating cost (2006/2007 FY)
R 452,332
R0
R 9,075,033
R 2,880,021
Annual maintenance cost (2006/2007FY)
R 240,909
R0
R 2,484,861
R 534,810
Type of plant
AS
Ox Pond
AS + BF
AS
Design Capacity – Hydraulic Load (Ml/day)
1.2
0.086
32
12
Present hydraulic loading (Annual daily average)
1.0
0.075
35.5
10.3
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
16.7
12.8
NIL
14.2
Design Capacity – Organic Load (COD kg/day)
748
-
33,600
10,200
6,800
-
305,455
92,727
Component name
Component ID
Scheme name
Institutional status
Asset assessment
Type (process) & capacity
Design Capacity – Organic Load - population equivalents
141
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Component name
Parow
Philadelphia
Potsdam
Scottsdene
Present Organic loading - pe's (annual daily average)
7,092
-
385,000
68,417
NIL
10.0
NIL
26.2
open flume
none
open flume
open flume
Permitted effluent volume (Ml/annum)
438
-
14,700
2,140
Total volume of water received and treated per year (Ml)
365
27
12,957
3,760
0
0
8,319
3,300
Volume of effuent recycled (Ml/annum)
365
0
4,638
365
Applications of recycled effluent (i.e. irrigation, mining, etc)
irrig
-
ind + irrig
irrig
8
0
24
24
stormwater
evaporation
river
river
no
no
yes
no
-
-
own staff
-
50
-
1,000
300
to other
-
mech
beds
-
-
27,800
2,050
0.5
-
18
40
Annual mass on dry basis (Tons)
-
-
5,000
820
Is sludge used beneficially? If so how
-
-
composting
LA
weekly
never
weekly
weekly
own
-
own
own
no
no
no
no
456B
NONE
2076B
1616B
12-03-1987
-
09-05-2000
20-01-1995
valid
-
valid
vol exceeded
no (GA)
no (GA)
yes
yes
Compliance with Suspended Solids Standard
86.3
no effluent
86.0
96.1
Compliance with Chemical Oxygen Demand Standard
72.0
no effluent
26.0
89.8
Compliance with Ammonia Standard
88.2
no effluent
20.0
96.1
Compliance with E Coli Standard
68.8
no effluent
25.6
91.1
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
Inlet meter (type)
Operation
Discharge volume (Ml/annum)
Operating hours per day (manned hours per day)
Discharge into (description of source)
Does raw wastewater contain industrial effluent?
Industrial Effluent control (by whom)
Solid waste disposal - grit& screenings (m³/annum)
How is sludge dewatered
Sludge produced (m³/annum)
Solids content of sludge as removed offsite (%)
How often is water quality monitored? (state frequency)
What laboratory is used?
Is stormwater infiltration an operating problem (yes/no)
Legislative requirements
DWAF Permit Number
Date of issue
Still valid (yes/no)
Has licence ito National Water Act been applied for.
Effluent Quality (calendar 2006)
142
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Parow
Philadelphia
Potsdam
Scottsdene
Describe the physical condition (in operation, poor, good)
good
good
fair to good
fair
How well is the infrastructure maintained?
good
good
reasonable
fair
Are spare parts readily available? (Yes/No)
most yes
N/A
most yes
yes
<10
NIL
>10
<10
civil structures
nil
bio-filters
reactors
aerators
nil
inlet works
inlet works
nil
pump to
emergency
pond
replace
bioFilter with
A/S.
sludge
mechanical
dewatering
yes
yes
at present
yes
Simons Town
Wesfleur
Wildevoelvlei
Zandvliet
SI,
WES
WIL
ZAN
Current owner
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Current operator
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
WSSSA
Future owner / WSA (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
Future operator / WSP (If applicable)
CoCT
CoCT
CoCT
WSSSA
Date constructed
1970
1978
1976
1989
Expected total lifespan
>2020
>2020
>2020
>2020
Estimated replacement value (based on R7 million/Ml)
R35 M
R100 M
R100 M
R420 M
Annual operating cost (2006/2007 FY)
R 1,098,050
R 2,639,980
R 3,729,834
R 18,212,983
Annual maintenance cost (2006/2007FY)
R 1,254,612
R 1,291,093
R 849,798
R 38,015
BF
AS
AS
AS
5
14
14
59
Present hydraulic loading (Annual daily average)
2.3
9.8
9.9
52
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
54.0
30.0
29.3
11.9
Design Capacity – Organic Load (COD kg/day)
3,040
16,800
9,460
41,300
Design Capacity – Organic Load - population equivalents
27,636
152,727
86,000
375,455
Component name
Functionality
Number of breakages / failures per year
What needs to be refurbished? (cost)
What needs to be replaced? (cost)
What additional processes are required
Does the works need to be extended within 5 years?
Component name
Component ID
Scheme name
Institutional status
Asset assessment
Type (process) & capacity
Type of plant
Design Capacity – Hydraulic Load (Ml/day)
143
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Simons Town
Wesfleur
Wildevoelvlei
Zandvliet
12,710
87,713
73,615
336,341
54.0
42.6
14.4
10.4
open flume
open flume
open flume
open flume
Permitted effluent volume (Ml/annum)
730
2,372
2,555
16,790
Total volume of water received and treated per year (Ml)
840
3,577
3,613
18,980
Discharge volume (Ml/annum)
840
0
3,613
18,980
Volume of effuent recycled (Ml/annum)
0
3,577
0
0
Applications of recycled effluent (i.e. irrigation, mining, etc)
-
GW recharge
-
-
Operating hours per day (manned hours per day)
8
8
8
24
Discharge into (description of source)
sea
GW recharge
vlei
river
Does raw wastewater contain industrial effluent?
no
yes
no
no
-
own staff
-
-
Solid waste disposal - grit& screenings (m³/annum)
150
300
300
3,000
How is sludge dewatered
beds
beds
mech
mech
Sludge produced (m³/annum)
200
2,500
5,700
37,200
Solids content of sludge as removed offsite (%)
40
40
14
14
Annual mass on dry basis (Tons)
75
1,000
800
5,200
Is sludge used beneficially? If so how
no
LA
composting
LA
weekly
weekly
weekly
weekly
own
own
own
own
no
no
no
no
372B
777B
754B
1507B
13-09-1983
01-03-1979
25-08-1978
30-04-1992
valid
vol exceeded
vol exceeded
vol exceeded
in progress
yes
yes
yes
Compliance with Suspended Solids Standard
76.5
100 / 88.0
94.1
98.0
Compliance with Chemical Oxygen Demand Standard
3.9
98.0 / 44.9
94.0
100.0
Compliance with Ammonia Standard
37.3
100 / 88.8
100.0
92.6
Compliance with E Coli Standard
62.2
100 / 60.5
95.7
97.7
Component name
Present Organic loading - pe's (annual daily average)
How much capacity is still available for development? (%)
Inlet meter (type)
Operation
Industrial Effluent control (by whom)
How often is water quality monitored? (state frequency)
What laboratory is used?
Is stormwater infiltration an operating problem (yes/no)
Legislative requirements
DWAF Permit Number
Date of issue
Still valid (yes/no)
Has licence ito National Water Act been applied for.
Effluent Quality (calendar 2006)
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Simons Town
Wesfleur
Wildevoelvlei
Zandvliet
Describe the physical condition (in operation, poor, good)
fair
good
good
good
How well is the infrastructure maintained?
fair
reasonable
good
good
Are spare parts readily available? (Yes/No)
most yes
yes
yes
yes
<10
>10
<10
<10
Sed tanks
inlet mech's
nil
nil
What needs to be replaced? (cost)
bio-filter
medium
screens
nil
nil
What additional processes are required
recycle
pumping
system
extra
maturation
ponds
nil
nil
no
yes
yes
being
extended
Component name
Functionality
Number of breakages / failures per year
What needs to be refurbished? (cost)
Does the works need to be extended within 5 years?
F.5.1.1.12
Schemes to be transferred : water
There are no water schemes to be transferred.
F.5.1.1.13
Schemes to be transferred : sanitation
There are no sanitation schemes to be transferred.
F.5.1.1.14
Schemes to be rehabilitated
Many of the components of the exiting wastewater treatment works need to
be rehabilitated or upgraded while at the same time the works require
extension. The following wastewater schemes are in the process of being
rehabilitated and or extended:
Potsdam WWTW: The first phase upgrading to increase the treatment
capacity from 32 to 40 Ml/day was substantially completed and will be
commissioned by 30 June 2007. This has allowed the housing development
in the Blaauwberg area to resume, following the earlier restrictions imposed
due to a lack of wastewater treatment capacity. As part of the first phase
improvements, ultra violet disinfection of the final effluent was installed to
ensure a bacteriological compliant final effluent.
Scottsdene WWTW: In 2005/06 civil works were completed for the deviation
of the inlet wastewater flow to a new screening and grit removal facility on the
plant at a cost of R2M. The mechanical installations are being done in
2006/07. It can be expected that the improved interception and removal of
solids from the wastewater flow will help produce an improved final effluent
quality.
Green Point Marine Outfall Pump Station: During 2005/06 the first set of
new automatic inlet screens and associated screw conveyors, screenings
compactor and washing equipment was installed in this station together with
an upgrading of electrical equipment and architectural improvements. The
screens will be tested over a period to establish if their solids removal
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effectiveness will allow the present secondary screens to be removed from
the wastewater treatment process
Kraaifontein WWTW: A second sludge dewatering belt press was installed
during 2005/06 which completes the improved sludge management facility at
this plant. The dewatered activated sludge is removed daily and is applied to
agricultural land as a soil conditioner.
Cape Flats WWTW: Installation of a new treatment process monitoring and
data collection system and low voltage switchgear was completed during
2005/06 which will improve the operational control.
Mitchells Plain WWTW: An additional sludge dewatering belt press was
installed during 2005/06 and 2006/07 which provides adequate capacity for
the dewatering of all sludge from the Works. It has eliminated the need for on
site sludge drying, the consequence of which has been a reduction of odours.
An additional contract was awarded for the replacement of the diffused air
aeration pipework in four biological reactors and submersible mixers in the
equalisation basins.
Athlone WWTW: The electrical upgrading of the blower motor was
substantially completed during 2005/06. This will allow the Works to be able
to operate with standby blower capacity.
On the process side, a consultant was appointed to implement an ISO
9001:2000 quality management system. The project is being piloted at the
Potsdam WWTW and will be rolled out to the rest of the works. This is a
continuous improvement system that will systematically improve the
operations of the Treatment Works to achieve the desired effluent water
quality standards, in alignment with the Department of Water Affairs and
Forestry’s permit requirements.
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F.5.1.2
Future trends and goals (water services infrastructure)
Draft 15.03.07vx2.2 of the IDP states:
“Strategic Focus Area 2: Sustainable Urban Infrastructure and Services
A small percentage of the city’s increasing population does not have access
to basic services. Increasingly-stressed infrastructure is impairing
sustainable service delivery, social development and economic growth in
Cape Town. The reality is that all the infrastructure requirements cannot be
met simultaneously, given the limitations of the current budget and the
financing models. The City’s objectives include related to Water and
Sanitation include:
2.1 Reduce backlogs in line with national objectives for basic services.
2.2 Large or bulk infrastructure programmes that are essential must
receive priority.
2.3 Develop an integrated programme approach to infrastructure and
service planning and budgeting.
2.4 Develop demand management programmes for water, electricity,
waste and transport and reduce attendant pollutants.
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F.5.1.2.1
New infrastructure to be built
The infrastructure to be built is contained in the Bulk Water, Wastewater
Treatment and Reticulation master plans.
The status of the Reticulation master plans is shown in the following table:
Area
Date
Consultant
Water
Sewerage
Bellville
01 May 2004
GLS
Khayelitsha
01 June 1999
Liebenberg Stander
X
Durbanville
01 November 2003
KV3
X
Tygerberg: South Area
01 April 2001
GLS
X
Tygerberg: West Area
01 September 2000
GLS
X
01 June 2000
GLS
X
Helderberg
01 December 2000
GLS
Blaauwberg
01 March 2000
GLS
X
Oostenberg
01 May 2002
GLS
X
Oostenberg
01 May 2004
GLS
Tygerberg: Central Area
Remarks
X
X
X
Awaiting
Updated
planning for 2006
master
Awaiting
Updated
planning for 2006
master
The master plans for Central City and South need to be updated.
The WWT master plans are updated annually during the budgeting process
The BW master plans were last updated in January 2005.
A summary of new infrastructure to be built is contained in the sections
F.5.1.2.2, F5.1.2.3 and F.5.1.2.4.
F.5.1.2.2
Future internal and connector infrastructure
The growth rate of the City is driving the need for new infrastructure.
However, over the last few years the financial situation and priorities of the
City of Cape Town has created a scenario where it is not in a position to
timeously provide the required bulk pipeline infrastructure.
The drive to provide housing has released MIG funding to construct the Delft
Sewer to the value of R220M. It will accommodate the sewerage flows for all
housing developments in the catchment.
During 2004, mostly at the insistence of the Water Services and Transport
Directorates, a City-wide Economic Development project process was started
to address the situation. A key element of this current initiative is a
partnership approach with developers, to ensure that development can
continue. Development contributions from the developers are determined
and agreed on for each Development Node or Corridor and which funds can
be used to provide the required infrastructure.
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The development areas are described below.
West Coast/Parklands development corridor
This is one of the fastest growing areas in the City of Cape Town. The
Services Master Plan for this area is updated on a regular basis through a
Bureau system. Apart from the normal reticulated infrastructure internal to the
development parcels, a number of larger pipes are required.
Water
A 1000mm diameter main feeder from a new connection on the bulk Voëlvlei
pipeline will be constructed within the next 2 years, leading to 1 or 2 new
reservoirs as described under Bulk Water. General upgrades and extension
of networks will continue, to match parcel development.
Sewer
The biggest constraint for development is sewerage treatment capacity. With
phase 1 and 2 of the Potsdam WWTW upgrading completed limited capacity
is available until a further phase is commissioned to take Potsdam WWTW to
47ML capacity per day.
An EIA is underway to review the Potsdam/Melkbos waste water treatment
strategy. Depending on the outcome Potsdam could be increased to more
than 47Ml/day or a new works have to be constructed at Melkbos. Pumping
waste water to Melkbos will be costly.
De Grendel / N7 development corridor
This area is one of the latest development corridor additions. The area is on
the East of the N7 between Plattekloof Township and Contermanskloof. The
installations of services for the first two of four phases are practically
complete. The Developer is selling serviced land to sub-developers for
further development and building of houses.
Water
A reservoir is needed but will be constructed closer to the time when the
corridor is fully developed. For the interim the water will be boosted and the
same booster installation will be used to pump water to the future reservoir.
Water is supplied from the Voëlvlei system.
Sewer
The sewer master plan required a south western and north western bulk
sewer to Potsdam for the corridor. Negotiations with the land owners have
led to an upsized south western bulk sewer crossing the N7. The south
western bulk sewer is more economical than the alternative and will be able
to serve the whole corridor.
The Bulk sewer is under construction and will be commissioned before June
2007.
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Northern development corridor
All economic development in this corridor has been stopped, due to waste
water treatment capacity not being available. This area north and north-east
of Durbanville and Kraaifontein is in desperate need of infrastructure in order
to continue with development.
Water
The Master Plan for this area was implemented over the last few years. Two
reservoirs will need replacement in future. The new supply system from the
Voëlvlei pipe is already in operation.
The latest update of the master plan has suggested a number of
improvements to optimise the pressure zones and to reduce the volume of
water supplied by booster installations. Most of the optimisations are within
existing developments which will be costly to council and will be attempted as
and when budget permits.
Sewer
The need for the new Fisantekraal WWTW has reached a critical stage as
discussed under Wastewater Treatment.
Consultants are busy with the design of the pipe line and it will go to tender
during 2007/2008 financial year with a planned completion date of June
2009.
The internal bottle necks and overflowing sewers are on program to be
upgraded and the first one is the Vygeboom sewer to Fairtrees road which is
currently under construction for completion June 2007.
Bottelary development corridor
This area between Brackenfell and Kuilsriver along the Bottelary Road was
one of the first identified nodes.
Water
A reservoir, feeder main and new bulk connection will be constructed as part
of the new development. Apart from the normal reticulation required as per
the Master Plan, a number of bulk connections will be required. The bulk
connections will be made as and when required
Sewer
The Master Plan for this area is up-to-date and indicates that major
infrastructure is required. A new bulk sewer, a new bulk pump station and
upgrading of the Bellville WWTW will be required. Developments in the area
are stopped due to treatment capacity problems at Bellville WWTW.
Scoping for the EIA process to upgrade Bellville WWTW has started.
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Macassar / AECI development corridor
The development of this area has already been delayed due to a lack of
infrastructure. The area is vast and major infrastructure is required.
Water
The Master Plan for this area is updated on a regular basis to ensure that
required infrastructure is identified timeously.
In general, the water
reticulation can cater for this area.
Sewer
Major infrastructure is required to provide capacity for the proposed
development as well as backlog capacity for existing areas already approved.
The construction of the new sewer across AECI property to Macassar will
start during 2007/2008 financial year. It will replace the badly corroded
sewer and it will serve the whole Helderberg basin. The new sewer will
release the development potential of the AECI site as well as Sir Lowrey’s
Pass and Gordons Bay
Fast-track, In-fill housing projects and growth
The City’s priority N2 Gateway housing project opens up a number of places
where new infrastructure is required. The development in Delft where more
than 9 000 houses need to be built has highlighted the need for a new bulk
sewer to serve the entire catchment.
The proposed development at Wingfield will require the completion of the
final phase of the Northern area sewer to Langa Pump Station.
The Ysterplaat proposed development will require bulk infrastructure to the
Athlone WWTW.
Densification and redevelopment of the Cape Town CBD and others require
the updating of master plans and verification of available capacities in the
water and sewerage system.
Commercial and Industrial growth require in existing area’s requires further
infrastructure upgrading.
F.5.1.2.3
Future bulk supply infrastructure
Planning of the bulk water distribution (refer to Computer Model Analysis and
Master Plan for Bulk Water Supply System, dated March 2001 and updated
in January 2005 held by the Bulk Water Branch) system has been based on a
future AADD of 1350 Ml/d.
Conceptual planning of bulk water supply infrastructure has however been
carried out up to an AADD of 1850 Ml/d. The timing of the bulk water
infrastructure required is dependent on the growth in water demand and the
effectiveness of the WDM strategy being implemented.
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Bulk Water Planning Investigations
The planning and development of major water resource schemes, like the
Berg Water Project, is usually complemented by the planning and
development of additional bulk water supply infrastructure needed to convey
the raw water to water treatment plants, the treatment of the raw water into
potable water and then the conveyance and bulk storage of the treated water.
The former CMC appointed specialist consultants in 1998 to conduct a Bulk
Water Supply Master Plan (and development of a computer model) for the
City. The objectives of the Study were to:
•
optimize the operation of the existing bulk water supply system
•
assist with the maximization of existing and future water resources
•
assist in making optimal decisions when constraints on the bulk water
supply system necessitate operational changes
•
to assist in the planning and optimization of future capital works
The Bulk Water Master Plan identified that a new Water Treatment Plant
(WTP) and associated bulk water pipelines and bulk reservoirs would have to
be constructed within the next 7 years in order to meet the demand of water.
The new water treatment plant would be linked to the Berg River Dam
currently under construction.
A new WTP abstracting water from the Berg River Dam will reduce the
reliance which the City currently places on the RSE Tunnel System and
thereby increase security of supply. The WTP would also: directly supply the
rapidly growing northern areas of the City; cater for the growing demands of
the Drakenstein and Stellenbosch Municipalities; and increase the flexibility in
the operation of the bulk water supply system.
In 2003, the Bulk Water Branch initiated an environmental process as part of
a feasibility study (including route selection and location of infrastructure) to
ensure timeous development of a new 500 ml/d Water Treatment Plant
(WTP), 300 Ml bulk water supply reservoirs and associated pipe work in order
to meet the future growth in water demand for the City. It is anticipated that
the full Environmental Impact Assessment phase of the environmental
process will be completed during 2007.
Should the new WTP and associated infrastructure not be constructed
timeously, water restrictions would have to be imposed in the dry summer
months in order to ensure that the peak water demand does not exceed the
CCT’s available WTP capacity.
Areas that are being considered for the location of the new treatment works
are Klapmuts, Muldersvlei and Joostenburg Vlakte.
Additional bulk water reservoirs are required in the Blaauwberg area
(Contermanskloof Reservoir) and in the Helderberg area (Steenbras Bulk
Reservoir).
Additional bulk water supply infrastructure may also be required in order to
boost bulk water supply to Houtbay.
Timing, Phasing and Cost of the new Infrastructure
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The timing and phasing of the construction of the new bulk water supply
infrastructure would be dependent on the growth in peak week water demand
in the area served by the bulk water supply infrastructure as well as factors
such as security of supply. It is proposed that the infrastructure be phased in,
in such a way so that it can be utilised as part of the bulk water supply
system upon completion and commissioning.
It is currently estimated that a 300 Ml bulk water supply reservoir (and
associated interlinking pipe work) will be required to provide balancing
storage on the Wemmershoek pipeline by the end of 2010. The completion of
the proposed water treatment plant will be required by the end of 2011, with
the remainder of the bulk water supply infrastructure connecting the proposed
WTP to the proposed Spes Bona Transfer Reservoir and the existing Glen
Garry Reservoir being required shortly after this point in time.
The cost of the new water treatment plant and associated bulk reservoirs and
bulk pipelines (including the Voëlvlei to Glen Garry Transfer Scheme) is in
the order of R1.4 billion.
Should the imposition of water restrictions and the implementation of the
water demand management strategy change consumer behaviour with
regards to water consumption, the implementation date of the new water
treatment plant will have to be revised accordingly. This will however have to
be monitored on an annual basis.
A Schematic layout description of required bulk water supply infrastructure is
given in Figure F.5.1.2.3 Future Bulk Infrastructure Requirements
It must be noted that the description, phasing and costing of the bulk water
supply infrastructure described in all the text above is provisional and is also
subject to the outcomes of various further planning initiatives.
F.5.1.2.4
Future bulk sanitation infrastructure
The Bulk Infrastructure Programme has been updated in the form of a Master
Plan which summarises the sewage infrastructure requirements to meet
future growth. GOTO for 3 and 7 year program.
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Figure F.5.1.2.3 - Future Bulk Water Infrastructure Requirements
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Strategic Bulk Wastewater Study
The Strategic Bulk Wastewater Study (1999) (GOTO) assessed the
performance of existing wastewater infrastructure, processes and
management systems and identified where improvements were necessary for
more effective performance. In addition the development predicted to take
place in the CMA over the next 20 years, identified the need for facilities to be
extended or new ones to be put in place. This study formed the basis of the
more recent 10 Year Master Plan.
The Wastewater Treatment Branch’s Master Plan was compiled as an easy
reference document giving general information on issues in the Branch, the
comprehensive Bulk Wastewater Strategic Study organizational structures
and flow predictions. The document reflects the latest statistical information
and includes a 3 year and 7 year capital programme (total of 10 years) which
is based on prioritizations to achieve improved compliance of effluent quality
and/ or increased treatment capacity to keep pace with development.
The Master Plan is a living document which will be updated on a regular
basis as priorities change and issues emerge which influence strategic plans.
It is a useful tool especially with regards to flow predictions and capital
improvement intentions and will serve the Branch well as a basic planning
document.
The highlights of the 10 year master plan with interim strategies to deal with
overlaoding are given below with the wastewater treatment plants grouped in
catchments.
Catchment 1: Bellville, Kraaifontein, Scottsdene & Fisantekraal
This is a very high growth area of the City with development applications
outpacing the ability to provide additional wastewater treatment capacity.
Bellville is the most overloaded WWTW and as a result, the effluent is largely
non-compliant with standards. Kraaifontein and Scottsdene WWTW are at
capacity and the proposed first phase of Fisantekraal WWTW (an intended 25
Ml/day) will only be constructed by 2010. An interim strategy to relieve the
overload situation and allow limited development to take place, is to divert
some of the flow from the Bellville WWTW to Zandvliet WWTW. This appears
possible for the next few years due to the slow pace of the N2 Gateway
project. Once Fisantekraal WWTW is operational, some of the wastewater
flow from the catchment areas of Bellville and Kraaifontein will be diverted to
the new works, creating capacity at Bellville and Kraaifontein WWTW on a
permanent basis. Authority has been granted by the Department of
Environmental Affairs and Development Planning to extend Bellville and
Scottsdene WWTW and to construct the proposed Fisantekraal WWTW. This
will take place over the next 3 to 5 years.
The Scottsdene WWTW capacity increase will probably be 5 Ml/day. The
Bellville WWTW improvements will be undertaken in two phases: (a) a
preliminary upgrading to address improvement of the existing plant
performance and to reach effluent compliance standards. (b) a capacity
extension from an effective 48 Ml/day to 58 Ml/day is the current projection.
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Catchment 2: Athlone, Cape Flats, Borcherds Quarry and Parow
Cape Flats WWTW has adequate capacity but requires improvements to
certain critical structures. Parow is a small treatment facility the effluent from
which is used for irrigation of the Parow Golf course. Borcherds Quarry is
approaching capacity and a decision will need to be taken in the course of the
next 5 years or so, whether to extend this works or by-pass the additional flow
generated in the catchment to Athlone WWTW. Athlone WWTW has some
spare capacity but needs mechanical sludge dewatering, effluent disinfection
and odour control. It is anticipated that within the next 5 -10 years additional
capacity will have to be provided to deal with development in the catchment.
Catchment 3: Macassar, Zandvliet and Gordon's Bay Zandvliet WWTW is
currently undergoing a capacity extension to accommodate the N2 Gateway
Project and development in the local area. A further capacity extension
(currently planning of 12 ML/day) will be required in the short term to deal with
the expected developmental growth in the catchment. Gordon's Bay is a
further high growth area of the City and the WWTW serving this area is
almost at capacity. Rather than extending the treatment works, which would
mean purchase of privately owned land, new development will be
accommodated by means of a proposed relief sewer which will connect to the
Lourens River pump station and then onwards via a new reticulation system
to Macassar WWTW where spare capacity is available. Macassar WWTW
has spare capacity due to some of the wastewater inflow being diverted to the
Zandvliet WWTW as part of the new bulk sewer installation to serve the N2
Gateway project.
Catchment 4: Melkbos and Potsdam
The Potsdam WWTW is currently being extended to accommodate housing
development in the Blaauwberg area. The second phase of this extension will
be completed in 2009. Projected continuing development in the area requires
additional wastewater treatment capacity within the next 6 years or so. In this
regard an Environmental Impact Assessment is presently under way to
identify the most appropriate site. Indications thus far suggest that extending
either, or possibly both, the Potsdam and Melkbosstrand WWTW is a better
solution than a new greenfields site.
The Melkbos/Potsdam additional capacity will probably be 20 Ml/day.
Catchment 5: Simon's Town and Wildevoelvlei
Both of these treatment works currently have spare capacity. Development
potential in the Kommetjie area is high and the Noordhoek area requires
waterborne sewage to replace the current septic tank system. It is therefore
anticipated that the Wildevoelvlei WWTW will need to be extended within the
next 6 years or so.
Catchment 6: Llandudno and Sea Outfalls
There are no extensions required to the Llandudno WWTW. The sea outfall
pumping stations at Hout Bay, Camps Bay and Green Point require upgrading
of certain mechanical and electrical equipment. Due to the development in the
catchment area of the Green Point outfall an application has been made to
DWAF to increase the capacity to 40 Ml/day.
For the 3 year capital programme and the remaining 7 year master plan
GOTO
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F.5.1.2.5
Asset Management Plan
One of the important issues identified, as part of previous WSDPs was the
lack of proper asset management strategy. This has inevitably lead to the
deterioration of infrastructure and service provision.
As a result of the lack of a proper asset management strategy, a project
(GOTO for Project Definition Report) was set up in 2003/04 to develop a
Framework for a Strategic Municipal Asset Management Plan [AMP]. It
encompasses stages one, two and three as listed below and forms the basis
of a Basic Asset Management Plan [BAMP]. The implementation of stages 4,
5, and 6, will form the basis of a further project dependent upon the
satisfactory progress of this project.
Stage 1: Improvement Strategy Development
Stage 2: Basic Asset Register
Stage 3: Basic Asset Management
Stage 4: Improved Maintenance Management
Stage 5: Introduce Advanced Asset Management Techniques
Stage 6: System Optimization
The Water and Sanitation Services is now focusing on growing its “asset
management maturity” with the implementation of a strategic municipal asset
management programme (SMAM), facilitated through Reliability Engineering
(formerly Asset Care Centre or ACC)
Reliability Engineering was being managed through a bureau arrangement
with asset performance management specialist PRAGMA Africa from March
2004 but that contract has since been terminated. Reliability Engineering is
now managed by Water and Sanitation staff.
SMAM, which outlines ways of implementing asset management principles in
municipal environments, was implemented at Cape Flats Wastewater
Treatment works as a pilot project for Water and Sanitation Services.
The programme requires the adoption of a continuous improvement process.
For this the CCT bought PRAGMA’s asset management improvement
programme (AMiP). An AMiP base line assessment was conducted to first
establish a point of reference for future assessments. The analysis
determined that the critical problem areas in the department included:
‰
a lack of asset management planning through uncontrolled and
uncoordinated performance of maintenance work,
‰
a reactive rather than proactive approach to maintenance, and
‰
poor asset lifecycle management.
Reliability Engineering was established to address these issues. Reliability
Engineering is essentially a central hub where all maintenance- and assetrelated information is recorded, analysed and stored while maintenance
schedules, budgets and contractors are managed and proper work execution
ensured. Work requests are called in and logged onto an asset management
software system. These requests, along with preventative maintenance work,
are then assigned to staff.
Asset histories are built up, providing valuable data for future procurement
decisions. The centralisation of maintenance enforces tight adherence to
service level agreements and affords the CCT improved control and
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negotiating power when dealing with service providers. Reliability
Engineering also ensures compliance with statutory requirements and safety,
health and environmental regulations.
The Reliability Engineering site, which is situated off-site in Haardekraaltjie,
Bellville captures and records all required work as well as preventative
maintenance schedules, generating reports including details of failure
analysis.
The Reliability Engineering procedure is designed to ensure work is planned
to effectively utilise resources and ensure all necessary spares are available
to conduct maintenance work. Through a series of workshops, work planning
and control procedures and policies are developed and implemented.
The implementation of Reliability Engineering has resulted in:
‰
improved productivity at the site and
‰
improved the proactive versus reactive maintenance ratios.
‰
improved planning and co-ordination
‰
consolidation and maximisation of shared best practices.
Reliability Engineering is integrated with the SAP ERP system and the Work
Scheduler/Planner decides whether identified work needs to be part of a
maintenance plan or a reactive job.
In terms of stage 2 “Basic Asset Register” GOTO for the latest information on
“Asset Databases in Water Services – their State and Condition from an
Infrastructure Asset Management Perspective.”
A pilot programme was launched in March 2004 at Cape Flats Wastewater
Treatment Works Mechanical Workshop. The success of the pilot saw the
implementation of Reliability Engineering extended to cover the Wastewater
Branch sites, together with the Bulk Water Branch and Reticulation.
The Asset Management Plan is being developed with a view of ensuring that
it does not just stay as a document, but it is implementable. The Branch has
achieved n stage 3 and trying very hard to get to stage 4. This requires efforts
on getting the right skills to the system. These skills remain the challenge to
the implementation.
The Reliability Engineering is currently managing the maintenance
programming aspects which incorporates electrical and mechanical including
pipeline infrastructure. It has developed a proper reliability engineering
structure which will focus on CIP (Continuous Improvement Programme), this
will enable water and Sanitation to be able to look beyond maintenance but to
look at condition based maintenance which is critical for most of the rotating
equipment. So Asset Management Maturity is still in the developmental
stages and will take some time.
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Reticulation
The overall condition of the water and wastewater reticulation pipe network
has not yet been quantified on a Metro basis. In some former MLC areas,
conditions of networks are known and these records need to be
amalgamated in order to focus expenditure. Some networks are showing
signs of weakness that require addressing.
Records of burst mains and blockages, on a Metro basis, has been
introduced and maintained. Burst main and blockage incidents are reported
under the following topics:
‰
Street address of burst locality including locality sketch
‰
GIS code/SAP Asset Code
‰
Pipe details (size, type, lining, sheathing etc.)
‰
Ground conditions
• Details of fracture/blockage
The condition of the reticulation network is in need of an immediate upgrade.
Although not all the network is covered on the GIS, the Branch has an idea
as to which areas are a priority based on the number of bursts or breakdowns
that are being experienced on the mains.
For statistics refer to GOTO
CP (Cathodic Protection) is being looked at as a means to which extention of
pipeline life will be improved, this will focus on mains that are made of
carbonised steel and other related materials.
Bulk Water
Maintenance tactics have been completed. A hardcopy and a CD were
provided to the City Of Cape Town by Pragma.
WADMS: CDs were provided to the City Of Cape Town containing the
following information: Asset class, asset type, asset description, cost centre, location, capitalization,
GAMAP expected life, age of asset, replacement value, depreciation value
and current book value. The areas that are covered are: - Dams, depots,
pump stations, reservoirs, sewer retic, water retic, water treatment plants and
waste water treatment plants.
Challenges: The A.M. module (Finance) and P.M. module (Engineering) are
not linked as yet. The bar coding is at different hierarchy levels in these two
modules.
Wastewater Treatment
Maintenance tactics have been completed. A hardcopy and a CD were
provided to the City Of Cape Town by Pragma.
Attributes: An update has been done on the following asset types: - Pumps,
motors and gearboxes. These above constitute 39% of waste water assets.
Challenges: Name plates are missing in some assets.
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F.5.1.3
Strategic gap analysis
Wastewater Infrastructure
As mentioned previously financial investment into wastewater treatment
infrastructure has been lacking historically due to the high demand on capital
throughout the city and this is affecting essential maintenance and upgrading
which results in further deterioration of the infrastructure or “asset stripping”.
If this tendency continues, a major problem would arise as far as future
capital requirements are concerned since the demand escalates at a much
higher rate while the investment backlog grows.
The lack of investment has resulted in effluent being below DWAF standards
and a lack of treatment capacity in growth areas. The lack of capacity has
resulted in development applications not being approved e.g. in the northern
areas (Catchment 1: Bellville, Kraaifontein, Scottsdene & Fisantekraal) and
the and Catchment 4: Melkbos and Potsdam
Staff reduction has continued over the past five years and increased use is
made of consultants to implement capital improvements.
.Bulk Water Infrastructure
A significant amount of capital investment in infrastructure is required in the
northern growth areas to ensure that the northern growth areas have
sufficient supply into the future and that the risk of imposing restrictions in the
short to medium term is reduced. It is critical that sufficient funds be made
available for the Northern areas Augmentation Scheme. It is important to note
that this scheme will still be required even with an aggressive WC&DM
Strategy as it is a growth are in the City.
Reticulation Infrastructure
Major funding is required to replace and extend the reticulation infrastructure
especially in the growth areas.
Asset Management
The maturity level is at stage 3 – Basic Asset Management. Obtaining the
necessary skills remains the challenge to moving up to stage 4: Improved
Maintenance Management
There are specific challenges in each branch which are detailed under
F.5.1.2.5
F.5.1.4
Implementation strategies (water services infrastructure)
The technical aspects of planning and implementing the necessary
infrastructure maintenance, upgrade and extension are largely in place.
Reference should be made to the Bulk Water, Wastewater Treatment and
Reticulation Master Plans mentioned previously. The Asset Management
Strategy and the Stormwater ingress reduction strategies are highlighted
here.
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Asset Management
The strategy is to move the entire Water and Sanitation Services Department
up the levels of maturity in accordance with the AmIP (Asset Management
Improvement Plan). A proper reliability engineering structure which will focus
on CIP (Continuous Improvement Programme) has been established. This
will enable water and Sanitation to be able to look beyond maintenance to
condition based maintenance which is critical for most of the rotating
equipment.
Stormwater Ingress
The elements of the Strategy are
♦ The network-related will be resolved by proactive maintenance.
♦ The consumer-related problems will be addressed by education
programs, pamphlets and frequent inspections.
♦ It is not possible to adjust the plot levels if it was originally too low. In
these areas the problem is not easy to resolve. Mid-block storm-water
systems will to be investigated.
♦ No future developments will be allowed that cannot drain to street level.
Where possible it will be beneficial to the sewerage system if no trees are
planted directly above the pipe. In economical developments, the
sewerage pipes should be installed under the road and no mid-block
sewers should be allowed.
The major impediments to implementation are the lack of funding and
capacity constraints. The Financial and Institutional strategies are therefore
key to the Infrastructure strategy.
Financial Strategy for infrastructure
The by-product of the lack of wastewater treatment capacity causing
development applications not to be approved is that the issue of the historical
lack of funding has been highlighted. As a result more funding is being made
available for wastewater and wastewater treatment.
The Financial Strategy in the IDP (GOTO) is also key to ensuring that funding
is available. Tariffs have been increased and will continue to be increased in
real terms over the next 5 years to ensure that the necessary funding is
available.
Institutional Strategy for Infrastructure
The institutional strategy is outlined in the IDP and in Chapter F.7 of this
document. It will ensure the long term financial and institutional sustainability
that will enable the necessary infrastructure upgrades and extensions.
A component of the institutional strategy is the implementation of alternative
service delivery mechanisms. A current example of this is the outsourcing of
the operations at the Zandvliet Wastewater Treatment Works, which is
successfully operated by a private company. Such alternative service
delivery mechanisms may be considered in future especially in the case of
new infrastructure.
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F.6
WATER BALANCE
F.6.1
Water balance
F.6.1.1
Situation assessment (water balance)
Unaccounted For Water and Non-Revenue Demand
Unaccounted for Water, although still around 19%, is being focussed on
through a phased plan of action. Currently this is not a true UAW because
bulk and reticulation losses (see note below). Initial success has been to
undertake improved monthly Water Balance calculations with the involvement
of a Working Group of affected Branches. An audit of the large Bulk Water
meters has highlighted areas for improvement and will be reviewed quarterly.
Moreover, international best practice has moved away from UAW and
percentages as it can be misleading.
A water balance is usually categorised into the following:
System Input
(Former MLC
meters)
Authorised
Consumption
Billed Authorised
Consumption
Billed Metered
Consumption
Revenue Water
Billed Unmetered
Consumption
Unbilled
Authorised
Consumption
Unbilled Metered
consumption
Non-Revenue
Water
Unbilled
Unmetered
Consumption
Water Losses
Apparent Losses
Illegal
Connections
Metering
Inaccuracies
Real Losses
Mains Leaks
Reservoir
Overflows / Leaks
Service
Connection Leaks
By using this methodology one is able to identify the real losses which can
then be targeted for water demand management interventions. Real losses
are divided into UARL – unrealisable annual real losses and CARL –
calculated annual real losses. This methodology needs to be applied to Bulk
and Reticulation separately.
F.6.1.1.1
Amount of bulk water abstracted
Bulk water is abstracted from DWAF and CCT dams which form part of the
Western Cape System. In order to optimise the yield from the system water is
drawn from the dams that are spilling at any point in time. It is therefore not
relevant to list the water abstracted from each dam.
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As mentioned above the losses in the bulk and reticulation systems need to
be separately recorded. There are currently problems with some of the meters
that supply the previous MLCs (Metropolitan Local Councils). This has
resulted in inaccuracies in calculating the bulk and reticulation losses.
In order to determine a water balance the amount of treated water from the
water treatment works is recorded on a monthly basis to produce an annual
figure. The amount of treated water supplied is given in the table below:
2001/02
(mil m3)
2002/03
(mil m3)
2003/04
(mil m3)
2004/05
(mil m3)
2005/06
(mil m3)
287.5
301.4
310.2
282.7
294.5
Total water treated
For the source of these figures GOTO
F.6.1.1.2
Amount of bulk water purchased from others
Refer to notes under F.6.1.1.2
F.6.1.1.3
Water supply to consumers : urban
The water sold to consumers as extracted from the SAP system is given below:
2001/02
(mil m3)
*
2002/03
(mil m3)
*
2003/04
(mil m3)
*
2004/05
(mil m3)
222.5
2005/06
(mil m3)
235.8
Unbilled metered and
unbilled unmetered
*
*
*
6.0
6.0
Total authorised
*
*
*
228.5
241.8
Billed
* SAP installed in August 2003. Figures before this are unreliable.
The 2004/05 and 2005/06 figures include 19.9 and 22.5 mil m3 sold to other
municipalities and users.
Due to an estimated authorised consumption for “unbilled metered” and
“unbilled unmetered” of approximately 6 mil m3 the total authorised
consumption in 2004/05 and 2005/06 is 228.8 and 241.8 mil m3.
F.6.1.1.3.1
Categorisation of residential uncontrolled volume supply
The statistics for this are not currently available.
F.6.1.1.4
Water supply to consumers : rural
Included under urban
F.6.1.1.5
Total physical water losses
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The total losses given below include a portion of the bulk losses and all the
reticulation losses.
2001/02
(mil m3)
Total losses
*
2002/03
(mil m3)
*
2003/04
(mil m3)
2004/05
(mil m3)
2005/06
(mil m3)
54.2
52.7
5.4
5.2
48.8
47.5
17.0
17.0
*
Estimated Apparent losses
Estimated Real losses
Estimated UARL
*
*
*
* SAP installed in August 2003. Figures for consumer consumption before this are unreliable
Currently a 12 month moving average is used to calculate the UAW which
stands at 19%.
The annual real losses for 2005/06 are estimated to be 47.5 mil m3/annum of
which 17 mil m3/annum are the UARL.
F.6.1.1.6
Total effluent received at treatment works
The total effluent received at the treatment works is given in the table below:
Total (Ml)
Inc / dec
2000/01
193 453
2001/02
192 083
2002/03
195 865
2003/04
196 214
2004/05
196 498
2005/06
198 891
-0.7%
+2.0%
+0.2%
+0.1%
+1.2%
This represents 88.3% and 84.3% of the water supplied to consumers in
2004/05 and 2005/06 respectively. The relatively high proportion can be
attributed to the stormwater ingress.
The average annual increase in total effluent received at the works is 0.6%.
Over the same period the total water demand decreased by 0.2%. The low
annual increase can be attributed to water demand management and water
restrictions reducing the flow into the sewer network.
For a table of monthly total flows since 1 July 1997 GOTO and for a table of
flows from each wastewater treatment plant GOTO.
F.6.1.1.6
Total returns to the Water Resource System
The total returns to the water resource system are not currently recorded.
F.6.1.2
Future trends and goals (water balance)
F.6.1.2.1
Amount of bulk water to be abstracted
The amount to be purchased from DWAF and CCT sources will be in line with
the allocation of 213 million cubic metres per annum until the end of 2007.
Thereafter the additional allocation of 81 million cubic meters from the Berg
Water River Dam will be available.
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For the demand growth projections versus supply available refer to Figure
F.3.1.2a in Chapter F.3. It shows the unconstrained demand (3-4% pa growth)
and the low water demand curve (2% pa growth). The comprehensive
WC&DM Strategy aims to ensure that the demand remains at current levels
beyond 2020. Due to the untested nature of the assumptions in the strategy
resource and infrastructure planning is currently based on the low water
demand curve.
F.6.1.2.2
Amount of bulk water to be purchased from other
The Western Cape System is a combination of CCT and DWAF owned dams.
The abstractions from both are managed as a whole so as to maximise the
yield from the system.
F.6.1.2.3
Water to be supplied to consumers :
The water supplied to consumers is expected to be at or below the low water
demand curve less water losses.
F.6.1.2.4
Total physical water losses
The WC/WDM Strategy assumes that the total real losses will reduce from
47.5 to 27.2 over an 8 year period.
F.6.1.2.5
Total influent received at treatment works
It is difficult to predict with any certainty what the trends will be with respect to
the total influent received at treatment works. The impact of ground water
infiltration is also not quantified.
F.6.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (water balance)
Currently the meters from the water treatment works into the system are
reliable. The meters from the bulk system feeding the reticulation system
cannot be used with confidence because:
‰
‰
Some meters are faulty
The integrity of the reticulation feed zones may not be reliable as there
may be inter-connections
No information on ground water infiltration nor the reasons why the total
influent received at treatment works has reduced.
Water losses calculations need to be refined based on more accurate zone
information.
F.6.1.4
Implementation strategies (water balance)
‰
Bulk and Reticulation UAW needs to be separated. For the division
between bulk and reticulation systems:
♦ Repair or replace faulty meters.
♦ Check zones are discrete.
‰
Zone metering needs to be intensified. Refer to WC/WDM strategies.
‰
Improve water balance and water loss estimates by comprehensive zone
metering and meter testing programs.
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F.7
WATER SERVICES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT PROFILE
F.7.1
Water services institutional arrangements
F.7.1.1
Situation assessment (water services institutional arrangements profile)
The new City of Cape Town and the Water and Sanitation Services entity was
formed with the amalgamation of the Cape Metropolitan Council and the 6
metropolitan local councils in December 2000.
On 28 November 2001 Council authorized Water and Sanitation Services to
operate as fully fledged and functional internal business unit in order
to,ensure maximum independence and minimum constraints.
During the establishment period, Council underwent political and strategic
changes. As a result of these changes ODA, aloeCap and Africon were
appointed between October 2003 and March 2004 using USAID funding. The
appointment was to review the decisions taken and propose a way forward.
This culminated in a report entitled “High level review of the project to
establish internal business units for Electricity, Water and Sanitation and
Solid Waste Management Services” (C07/06/04) dated 24 June 2004 which
was adopted by Council in June 2004.
The recommendations of this report were:
♦ The creation of an appropriate service authority mechanism for the City of
Cape Town
♦ The establishment of a Water Services Authority (WSA) and Water Services
Provider (WSP) arrangement.
Current Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structure
The new organisational structure, under revision since 2001, is reaching
finalisation currently, with new staff rapidly being appointed in the top levels
and current staff to be placed by 30 June 2007. However, there are still
critical staffing shortages to address at operational level due to the manpower
drain that has occurred over the last few years. Internal optimisation of
structure and process, inter-departmental coordination, integrated planning,
as well as Employment Equity are being given high priority in conjunction with
the placement process. It is uncertain at this stage when the new institutional
arrangements will be fully functional.
An additional staff budget from 2007/08 onwards to alleviate the critical staff
shortages has been provisionally approved and budgeted for. In particular,
funds to appoint several Financial staff including accountants and staff
focused on increasing income has been approved.
Processes and Systems
To enhance processes and systems and promote a world class status for the
Water and Sanitation Services Department, it is intended that all branches
achieve ISO 9001:2000 accreditation. The Progress of each branch is given
below:
Bulk Water Branch
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In December 2006 Bulk Water Branch successfully maintained its three-year
ISO: 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems (QMS) certification (2006 2009) during the triennial review audits by SABS.
The Branch was assessed and found to satisfy the requirements of ISO
9001:2000 QMS in respect of: The Management of Water Resources, and the
Planning, Design, Development and Maintenance of the Infrastructure for the
Catchment, Treatment, Storage and Conveyance for Bulk Water Supply
excluding clause 7.5.4 Customer Property.
The Branch has embarked on integrating ISO 9001:2000 QMS with other
management systems, such as OHSAS 18001:1999 Occupational Health and
Safety Management Systems (OHSMS), including Risk Management
Systems, and ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems
This alignment of the management system will help the Branch in the
facilitation of Integrated Management Systems also known as SHREQ (Safety
Health Risk Environment and Quality).
The Branch implemented the OHSAS 18001:1999 (OHSMS) in 2004 and the
certification is due by December 2008. The Environmental Management
System (ISO 14001:2004) it is still in its development phase.
Controlled Document Management System , ZIZO ( Zoom In Zoom Out)
software: In 2003 the Branch simultaneously took a decision to also introduce
a multidisciplinary document control system that was paperless, user-friendly,
flexible, self expandable to complement ISO 9001:2000 (QMS) and later ISO
18001:1999, and ISO 14001:2004 (EMS) (SHREQ)
Wastewater Treatment Branch
It is envisaged that ISO has progressed slower than expected.
Planning commenced during 2002/2003 for the introduction of an
Environmental Management System (EMS) at Potsdam Wastewater
Treatment Works that will integrate treatment process requirements and
operational control with environmental protection. Specialist consultants are
assisting in this initiative which involves both operational and management
staff. The EMS is based on best practice approach for such systems with ISO
14001 used as a guide. The EMS will be extended to incorporate the new
sections of the Potsdam Works once constructed.
The goal to complete EMS for Potsdam by 2004 has not yet been achieved,
mainly due to the final effluent quality not meeting the license application
conditions. It is planned to roll the system out to three additional treatment
works per annum until all works are included.
It is envisaged that ISO 9001:2000 will be implemented at all works during
2007/08.
Reticulation Branch
The existing ISO Quality Management System certification at South
Peninsula (SPA) Water Division is being maintained.
Since 2001, some progress has been made with preparations for certification
of the whole of Reticulation. It is envisaged that certification will be achieved
over the next few years.
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Asset Management Services
During the first quarter of 2004, the Electrical Engineering Maintenance
workshop embarked upon obtaining the SABS standardization in order to
benchmark themselves against an acceptable quality standard.
During December 2004 the workshop was audited for ISO 9001 and at the
same time pre-audited for ISO 14001 & 18001. During February 2005, ISO
9001 accreditation was achieved while 14001 & 18001 final audit took place
in July 2005.
Other
Risk Management
Work has started on an Integrated Risk Management Programme with the
appointment of a Risk Manager and the development of a strategy.
Safety
An increase in Safety standards have been achieved mainly due to a focus on
training and implementation of safety practice. No fatalities occurred for the
2005/06 financial year. About 10 % of all procedures were reviewed during
the 2005/06 financial year but a lot of work remains on addressing the
identified risks.
As a number of engineering contractors working for Water and Sanitation
Services have been contravening basic provisions of the OHSA, its
management proved to be a challenge. Steps taken included ensuring the
requirements are in the contract and are enforced by undertaking unexpected
site checks. A structured programme of assistance to contractors to improve
on safety is also being developed.
During the 2005/06 financial year, 54 plants and 70 pump stations were
inspected in order to ensure compliance with the OHSA act. It was found that
the majority of all the plants have improved steadily over the years and that all
statutory requirements were met or exceeded. In general the older
installations needed upgrading and this is being done on a phased priority
basis.
F.7.1.1.1
WSA functions and outputs
In order to fulfil the WSA roles and responsibilities the following major
functions that need to be in place are addressed in the table below:
(Y= Yes, N= No, I= insufficient / inadequate, NA= Not applicable)
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Generally only problem areas are highlighted.
If no by when?
Personnel
Infrastructure
Bylaws
Budget
Resources available to
perform the function
Policy Development
Indigent Policy
Y
Free basic water policy (including
equitable share)
Y
Free basic sanitation policy
Y
Procurement Policy
Y
Credit Control and debt Collection Policy
Y
I
2007/08
I
2007/08
I
2007/08
I
2007/08
Regulation and Tariffs
Water Services bylaws with conditions as
required by the Water Services Act
Y
Y
Mechanisms to ensure compliance with
bylaws
N
NA
Tariff structure
Y
NA
Tariffs promulgated
Y
NA
Mechanisms to undertake project
feasibility studies
Y
NA
Criteria for prioritising projects
Y
NA
Mechanisms to assess and approve
project business plans
Y
NA
I
2007/08
Mechanisms for selecting, contracting,
managing and monitoring implementing
agents
Y
NA
I
2007/08
Mechanisms to monitor project
implementation
Y
NA
I
2007/08
Infrastructure development
Water conservation and demand
management
Water conservation and demand
management strategy
Y
Performance management and monitoring
Performance management systems
Y
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Personnel
If no by when?
Infrastructure
Water Service monitoring and evaluation
system
I
I
2007/08
NA
I
2007/08
NA
I
2007/08
Bylaws
Budget
Resources available to
perform the function
Y
NA
WSDP information system
I
NA
Mechanisms for stakeholder participation
Y
NA
Mechanisms to monitor and report on
WSDP implementation
Y
NA
Criteria to select appropriate WSPs
Y
NA
Mechanisms to contract, manage and
monitor WSPs
Y
NA
Mechanisms to approve WSP business
plans
Y
NA
WSA overall capacity
I
WSDP
WSP institutional arrangements
Sufficient staff and systems to fulfil all
WSA functions
Other (state)
In summary the major issue is staff capacity constraints.
F.7.1.1.2
WSA capacity development
Integration or centralisation of several functions have delivered benefits of
improved planning, efficiency and cost saving:
♦ Strategic and Master Planning;
♦ Benchmarking;
♦ Regulation of the new by-laws;
♦ Fleet maintenance;
♦ Electrical-/ Mechanical Maintenance.
Communication both internally and externally has improved with the
development of a communication strategy, implemented via, inter alia:
♦ launching of various roadshows, events and ceremonies,
♦ communication with international cooperation partners and
♦ media releases.
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Water and Sanitation Services’ internal IT capability has streamlined through
the acquisition and installation of various new systems such as infrastructure
for the new LIMS software at Scientific Services, upgrades to SCADA and
Telemetry at reservoirs and works or optimising connectivity such as by
sharing the connection to Bellville Compost Plant of Solid Waste.
The Department has developed version 7 of the Workplace Skills Plan. For
further details GOTO.
F.7.1.1.3
Bylaws affecting water services
The bylaws affecting water services are listed in the table below:
By-law
Date
promulgated
Short Description
Effect on Water Services
Water
1 September
2006
To control and regulate water
services in the City
More effective
management of the use of
water and sanitation
services by users
Wastewater and
Industrial
Effluent
1 September
2006
To control and regulate sewerage
and industrial effluent and
discharges
More effective
management of the
discharge of industrial
effluent by users
Credit Control
and Debt
Collection
Still in draft
form.
To give effect to the Council’s
credit control and debt collection
policy, its implementation and
enforcement, as required by
Section 98 of the Municipal
Systems Act, 32 of 2000, and to
give effect to the duty imposed by
Section 96 of the Municipal
Systems Act to collect all money
that is due and payable to the
Council.
Water Services is more
financially sustainable.
(Existing policy
dated June
2004)
F.7.1.1.4
By-law relating
to Stormwater
Management
23 September
2005
To provide for the regulation of
stormwater management and to
regulate activities which may have
a detrimental effect on the
development, operation or
maintenance of the stormwater
system
More effective
management of the
discharge of stormwater by
users
Treated Effluent
In preparation
To control and regulate the use of
treated effluent in the City
More effective
management of the use of
treated effluent by users
Water services providers (retail water)
The internal Water and Sanitation Department within the City of Cape Town is
the retail water provider.
F.7.1.1.5
Water services providers (sanitation)
The internal Water and Sanitation Department within the City of Cape Town is
the retail sanitation provider.
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F.7.1.1.6
Water services providers (bulk water)
The internal Water and Sanitation Department within the City of Cape Town is
the bulk water provider. The Department also provides bulk water to
Drakenstein and Stellenboch
F.7.1.1.7
Water services providers (bulk sanitation)
The internal Water and Sanitation Department within the City of Cape Town is
the bulk sanitation provider.
F.7.1.1.8
Support services agents (water)
The internal Water and Sanitation Department within the City of Cape Town
provides some support functions while some are provided corporately by the
City.
F.7.1.1.9
Sanitation promotion agent :
This function is provided in-house by the Water and Sanitation Department.
The Health Department of the City also undertakes health and hygiene
awareness programmes
F.7.1.1.10
Support service contract :
The following functions have service contracts:
♦ Wastewater Treatment works at Zandvliet
♦ Meter reading in specific areas
F.7.1.1.11
Water Services Institutions
There are no public Water Services institutions that assist the City in its WSA
functions.
F7.1.1.12
WSP staffing levels : water
The delay in the transformation process has had a significant effect on staff
moral. There has also been a significant loss of staff as part of the City’s
strategy to reduce the staff levels through natural attrition.
The number of employees in Water and Sanitation Services is approximately
2,500. There is currently a process of finalising staff lists before the new
appointments in 2007/08.
F.7.1.1.13
WSP staffing levels : sanitation
The sanitation staffing levels are shown in the table in section F.7.1.13.
By way of example of the critical issue of staff capacity the Wastewater
Treatment Branch is highlighted.
The Wastewater Treatment Branch staff levels have reduced from 449 in
December 1997 to 279 in March 2007 – almost a 38% reduction. Staff losses
as reported in June 2005 has continued.
For this branch, significant losses have been experienced in the following
groups:
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Table - Staff Losses in Wastewater Treatment Branch
Group
Professional
Managers
Controllers
/
Process
Process Assistants
December
1997
20
June 2005
March 2007
11
13
Percentage
Decrease
35%
76
57
63
17%
136
95
72
47%
In the last 2 years there has been an increase in the number of Process
Controllers due to having taken over some Operators from the Athlone Power
Station. They are experienced in operating mechanical and electrical
equipment, but have no knowledge of wastewater treatment.
There is an urgent need to attract, develop and retain skilled staff in Water
and Sanitation Services.
F.7.1.1.14
WSP training programmes
During 2005/06 Version 7 of the Workplace Skills Plan was completed and
general operating funds were re-prioritised to enable more appropriate
training of staff than originally budgeted. The Pinelands Training Centre was
also fully accredited by the ESETA (Energy Sector Education Authority).
Accredited and Non-accredited Training
Programmes
Person Days
2002
/03
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
1,839
3,700
6,782
2,209
2006
/07
For details of programmes GOTO
Total person days
F.7.1.2
Future trends and goals (water services institutional arrangements)
Institutional Reform
The national agenda is to set up public services (and tariff services in
particular) in a manner that is both predictable in terms of availability and
competitive in terms of pricing so that
♦ There is a platform for economic growth and job creation. (well functioning
city attracts investment etc)
♦ There is a platform to create opportunities for Black Economic
Empowerment (BEE).
♦ There is a platform to enhance operational and financial performance
which leads to sustainable funding for the service.
♦ This sustainable funding leads to sufficient (sustainable) infrastructure
asset replacement and expansion.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
♦ Sustainable water services delivery will enhance the municipality's ability to
provide equitable and affordable water and sanitation services through
cross-subsidization.
The City’s strategic intent, aligned with the national agenda and as stated in
the IDP, is universal access to basic services and to achieve operational,
financial and other efficiencies which will enhance equitable, affordable and
effective service delivery and sustainable development. There is a high priority
for economic growth and job creation, and ensuring a sustainable city.
Water Services’ institutional reform process is also guided by the Strategic
Framework for Water Services (SFWS) dated September 2003. GOTO. For an
extract from the SFWS on the institutional reform of water services provision
GOTO.
The objectives of the reform process are given in Table below:
Reform Objectives (Strategic Framework for Water Services)
The key objectives of reform are:
‰
Ensure the provision of an appropriate level of water services that are
sustainable to all households in South Africa and to implement the free basic
water and sanitation policies effectively and efficiently
‰
Improve the performance of water services providers
‰
Improve the financial viability and sustainability of the water services sector by
significantly enhancing revenue collection (from those who use in excess of a
basic service) and improving consumer management
‰
Improve the accountability of water services providers to water services
authorities and to consumers
‰
Use existing capacity, skills and resources in the water services sector in an
integrated and optimal way and to attract, develop and retain the necessary
professional and technical skills, and improve employment and gender equity
‰
Improve the efficiency of water use so as to ensure the wise use of South
Africa’s scarce water resources through appropriate demand management and
conservation initiatives and
‰
Improve the regulation of water services providers to ensure technical and
environmental standards are met, services are provided efficiently and services
are appropriately priced.
The key determinant of Water and Sanitation’s institutional arrangements is
the institutional arrangements of the City as a whole. An extract from the
2007/08 IDP (Draft 15.03.07vx2.2) is given below: of the IDP states:
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Strategic Focus Area 7 Good Governance and Regulatory Reform
There is a short term, high priority need to stabilize the organisation and execute
various institutional improvements to give effect to the IDP. The focus, therefore,
is on an intensive effort to develop and sustain a better public administration as
well as improving the regulatory environment to maximise the impact of public
investment and service delivery on the development potential of Cape Town.
The current level of performance of the City, mainly due to a lack of capacity,
cumbersome red tape processes, a silo approach to the developmental
challenges facing Cape Town and the absence of a high performance service
delivery culture have a significant negative impact on public performance. The
City will continue to align with and strengthen intergovernmental (including with
state-owned enterprises) strategies, processes and programmes, including
budgets, in order to maximise resources and support delivery and positively
impact on efficiencies and sustainability.
The City therefore intends to
♦ Stabilise the organisation
♦ develop and sustain a better public administration
♦ improving the regulatory environment
With the aim of maximising the impact of public investment and service
delivery on the development potential of Cape Town.
The institutional objectives given in the IDP are:
7.1 Optimising the development of our Organisation staff structure, strategies, policies
and promote skills development.
7.2 Enhance service delivery through exploring alternative service delivery
mechanisms.
7.3 Strategically utilise information technology, validated data bases and systems to
support the transformation of public services to provide better and more efficient
government and reporting structures.
7.4 Improve the service culture and workplace ethics by accomplishing sound
financial governance; improved accountability and transparency.
7.5 Management of key financial areas such as income control, cash flow, indigent
support, alternative income opportunities, asset management and risk
management.
7.6 Improve the regulatory environment through conducting policy and by-law review
(Bureaucratic red tape).
7.7 Establishment of representative Ward Participatory Mechanisms
7.8 Improvement of community satisfaction
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Human Resources
Primary Objective
The strategic provision, development and retention of a skilled-, motivated-,
and economically-viable workforce for Water Services in the interests of the
City of Cape Town, its residents and visitors, and aligned to the vision of the
City.
Secondary objective(s)
♦ Ensure staff is orientated towards learning thus establishing a sustainable
skills base.
♦ Introduce a performance-driven culture by developing appropriate reward
strategies.
♦ Ensure employment equity by appropriate training programmes and staff
assessments.
♦ Ensure effective personnel administration as set out in the Just
Administration Act.
♦ Facilitating business process engineering / redeployment of staff by
combining emergency repair gangs and eliminating duplication of
functions.
♦ Establish Wellness coordination for Occupational Risk Management
initiatives, for example HIV/AIDS/ TB/ EAP programmes.
♦ Develop and maintain a skilled and motivated workforce by retraining
managers, attending to remuneration levels, and inspiring staff.
F.7.1.2.1
Water services providers (retail water)
The trends and goals that apply to the how service, as outlined in F.7.1.2
applies to this.
F.7.1.2.2
Water services providers (sanitation water)
The trends and goals that apply to the how service, as outlined in F.7.1.2
applies to this.
F.7.1.2.3
Water services providers (bulk water)
The trends and goals that apply to the how service, as outlined in F.7.1.2
applies to this.
F.7.1.2.4
Water services providers (bulk sanitation)
The trends and goals that apply to the how service, as outlined in F.7.1.2
applies to this.
F.7.1.2.5
Support services agent (water)
The trends and goals that apply to the how service, as outlined in F.7.1.2
applies to this.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.7.1.2.6
Sanitation promotion agent
The trends and goals that apply to the how service, as outlined in F.7.1.2
applies to this.
F.7.1.3
Strategic gap analysis
Institutional Reform
The decision to establish an appropriate service authority mechanism and the
establishment of a Water Service Authority (WSA) and a Water services
Provider (WSP) arrangement has experienced numerous obstacles. The
decision to form an internal ringfenced business unit dates back to November
2001 with the confirmation that WSA and WSP be established dating back to
June 2004.
There remains an urgent need to ensure that implementation proceeds for
reasons outlined below:
♦ Comply with national legislation
♦ Bring effect to national and City’s strategic intent
♦ Comply with Council resolution in June 2004
♦ Ensure that water and sanitation services in the City is sustainable.
Human Resources
The lack of staff capacity in key areas such as Finance, technical and project
management is hampering delivery.
Processes and Systems
Processes and systems to support service delivery need improvement.
F.7.1.4
Implementations strategies (water services institutional arrangements)
Institutional Reform Strategy
♦ Establish an appropriate service authority mechanism and the
establishment of a Water Service Authority (WSA) and a Water services
Provider (WSP) arrangement in accordance with Council resolution. Date
of implementation is still to be set.
Accountability for the entire service will rest with the Director: Water and
Sanitation Services who will then be expected to deliver on the national
and city strategic intent through a Service Provision Agreement (SPA) and
a 3 year rolling business plan.
♦ Investigate alternative service delivery mechanisms.
HR Strategy
The HR Strategy includes:
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
♦ Budget for and fill key financial, technical and project management posts.
The financial posts focus on income generation.
♦ Multi-skilling existing staff through learnerships and other Tertiary
education, therefore full impact of replacement staff can largely be
negated and resultant financial sustainable manpower costs.
♦ Increase Training programmes and reduce labour and support costs.
♦ Actively head hunt – Humanity Science and Technology students via
Tertiary Educational Institutions, build partnerships to “groom” designated
students for the Water Services sector, e.g. by job shadowing.
♦ Establishing Science
designated groups.
and
Technology
mentorships
for
in-house
♦ Utilisation of a small Nucleus of well trained multi-skilled contract staff to
supplement manpower resources.
Processes and Systems
To enhance processes and systems and promote a world class status for the
Water and Sanitation Services Department, it is intended that all branches
achieve ISO 9001:2000 accreditation.
F.8
CUSTOMER SERVICE PROFILE
F.8.1
Customer service
F.8.1.1
Situation assessment (customer services)
Item
Resources available to perform the function
Budget
Bylaws
Infrastructure
Personnel
1
Quality of service for water: urban
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
Quality of service for water: rural
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
3
Attending to complaints for water:
urban
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
Attending to complaints for water:
rural
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
Attending to complaints for water:
urban
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Attending to complaints for water:
rural
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Education for basic water services
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Pollution Awareness
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
While the budget, infrastructure and personnel are generally in place for this
function, projects are ongoing to improve the performance of the function and
to obtain consolidated statistics.
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The CCT is committed to providing efficient, uninterrupted and affordable
services, which are clean and safe to all consumers. It plans to enhance this
by extending the implementation of the ISO 9001 Quality Management
System throughout Water and Sanitation Services.
Customer/Consumer Charter
Key elements of the extended implementation of ISO 9001 Quality
Management System are:
•
•
•
Communication including the Customer Charter and Opinion Surveys
Revenue collection including data rectification, informative and accurate
billing
Quality management, which includes the improvement of service levels
and the implementation of benchmarking, procedures and Audits
The ISO 9001 Quality Management System will:
•
•
•
•
•
assist integration of previous administrations
help ensure better customer service
improve safety
improve efficiency/production- lower costs
facilitate performance management
The Consumer (previously Customer) Charter was introduced as part of this
process during 2001. For the latest copy GOTO.
Consumer Surveys
Since 2002, Water and Sanitation Services have been commissioning
research on an annual basis, to discover what the needs and perceptions of
the
consumers
of
water
were.
The findings from the research are being used:
•
•
•
•
as input to the ISO 9001:2000 certification auditing, helping to ensure that
an acceptable level of service satisfaction is achieved and maintained
to uncover needs not currently being addressed, especially informal areas
to uncover needs among specific groups, such as business and
commerce
to prepare input for updating the Water Services Customer Charter to
measure the level of satisfaction with the service
Information is being gathered from a range of users in the CCT by a
professional market research consultant. Samples taken are statistically
representative of all the users, which implies that the findings are taken
seriously.
The following issues are mainly addressed:
•
•
Perception of services received: drinking water, effluent water or
sewer(sanitation) drainage
Evaluation of services rendered when reporting problems or enquiring
about water services
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
•
•
•
•
•
Awareness of environmental initiatives, including water conservation or
restrictions
Effectiveness of marketing drives such as around Water Week
Issues relating to payment and billing procedures for services
Importance rating and evaluation of services supplied
Demographics of the market
Presentations on all the findings are given on the Cape Town website GOTO
or the PDF document GOTO.
Customer and Meter Management Strategy
In terms of Chapter 9 Section 95 of the Local Government Municipal Systems
Act 2000, the CCT is required to establish a Sound Customer and Revenue
Management System. Over the years Local Government has had a wide
variety of service policies, service practices and levels of resources in the
previous seven Administrations. Water and Sanitation Services is committed
to addressing these aspects within an integrated comprehensive Customer
and Meter Management Strategy for Water and Sanitation Services to ensure
a focussed, effective and efficient service delivery on an equitable basis to all
our communities across the City of Cape Town.
The strategic issues, policies, objectives and initiatives of the Customer and
Meter Management Section are herewith briefly discussed:
Key Strategic Issues
There are seven key strategic issues on which CCT is basing its customer
and meter management strategy:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
F.8.1.1.1
An Effective Debt Management Process (refer to 9.6 Income and Sales)
Meter Verification and Meter Accuracy (refer to 9.7 metering and billing)
Meter Management and Billing (refer to 9.7 metering and billing)
Meter Reading (refer to 9.7 metering and billing)
24/7 Technical Operation Centre (refer to F.8.1.1.3)
Corporate Call Centre (refer to F.8.1.1.3)
Customer Interaction (refer to F.8.1.1.7)
Quality of service for water: urban
The overview of the quality of service provided is given in the table below:
Item
Current*
1.
Total no. of consumers
656 800
2.
No. of consumers experiencing greater than 7
days interruption in supply per year
Zero
3.
No. of consumers receiving flow rate of less
than 10 litres per minute
Zero
4.
Water quality: no chlorination
Zero
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
5.
Water quality: chlorinated
Zero
6.
Water quality: full treatment
656 800
*Information is not available for the previous years.
The fourth annual detail independent survey of consumer perceptions of
Water and Sanitation Services has been completed. 87% of consumers are
satisfied with the service, a result up from 83% in 2004, with a significant
upward swing from “Somewhat satisfied” to “Very satisfied”. Specific findings
from this survey have been used to identify areas where service can be
improved.
The ratings from previous surveys are given in the table below:
Percentage of
customers satisfied
with the service
F.8.1.1.2
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
> 80%
> 80%
83%
87%
Quality of Services for water: rural
Refer to F.8.1.1.1
F.8.1.1.3
Attending to complaints for water: urban
The statistics with respect to attending to complaints is given below:
Item
2005/06
1 Total number of consumer units
656,800
2 No. of complaints queries of quality of service
within a year
28,912
3 % of complaints / queries
4.40%
4 % queries responded to within 24 hours
5 Number of major or visible leaks reported per
annum
*
**
6 % Major or visible leaks repaired within 48 hours
after being reported
*
Event recording is not currently done at the TOC. The Districts are
informed and enter the notification into SAP themselves. Statistics
are therefore not available.
**
These statistics are now being captured City wide and are
available as from June 2006
Technical Operation Centre (24hr Emergency Service)
181
*
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
During 2004, Water and Sanitation Services set up a centralised Technical
Operation Centre (Tel. 086 010 3054) to respond to all technical complaints
and enquiries such as:
•
•
•
•
Burst, leaking and damaged water and mains/leadings and meters
Water taste and discoloration problems
Low water pressure or interrupted supply
Water restriction contravention reporting or advice
It provides a one-number 24/7 customer interface and technical despatch
centre for all of Water and Sanitation Services functions as an after hours
operational centre for a number of other services also. It has become a critical
role player in the management process relating to events affecting Water and
Sanitation Services such as the Water Restrictions since 2004 as well as the
electricity power outage schedules of 2006.
Water restrictions are policed and monitored by Water Officers who not only
respond to complaints but also pro-actively investigate suburbs where water
wastage is detected.
During the 2005/06 financial year, the TOC’s operation was bedded down and
much improved. An average of 45 000 calls per month are taken with and an
average call response time of 8 seconds and only 1% dropped.
The following table is sent to the Portfolio Committee on a monthly basis to
keep them informed of the call volumes and complaints/requests at the TOC:
MONTH
Mar
CALL VOLUMES
IN
OUT
TOTAL
16 901
14 043
30 944
Apr
20 303
18 327
38 630
4
2 496
3 850
1 490
7 840
May
18 983
19 162
38 145
1
2 194
3 825
1 388
7 408
Jun
22 016
20 587
42 603
2
2 844
4 113
1 192
8 151
Jul
21 255
19 042
40 297
0
2 501
3 367
936
6 804
Aug
23 313
23 701
47 014
0
2 768
4 801
1 000
8 569
Sep
20 260
18 388
38 648
0
3 398
5 035
658
9 091
Oct
22 146
19 656
41 802
0
4 199
5 089
777
10 065
Nov
24 749
21 055
45 804
0
4 836
5 320
1 007
11 163
Dec
23 643
20 124
43 767
0
4 814
5 844
839
11 497
Jan 07
23 323
19 802
43 125
0
5 109
5 509
916
11 534
Feb 07
20828
18980
39808
0
5114
5522
894
11530
Avg
/month
21 477
19 406
40 882
1
3 540
4 659
1 041
9 241
TOTAL
257
720
232
867
490
587
17
42 480
55 905
12 488
110 890
182
Restrictions
10
COMPLAINTS / REQUESTS
Water
Sanitation
Other
2 207
3 630
1 391
TOTAL
7 238
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
From this table the key complaints/requests statistics are given below:
Area
Total: Year to
Feb 07
Monthly
average
490 587
40 882
17
1
Water
42 480
3 540
Sanitation
55 905
4 659
Other
12 488
110 890
Total incoming and
outgoing calls
Water restrictions
All calls are logged and responded to appropriately, becoming part of the
Workflow process. All calls reaching the Corporate Call Centre but dealing
with Water and Sanitation Services-related matters are re-routed to it.
A number of pilot applications for new technology utilisation towards improved
operational processes such as GIS, GPS and Vehicle tracking have been
implemented.
Corporate Call Centre
A Corporate Call Centre (Tel 086 010 3089, Fax 086 010 3090, e-mail
accounts@Cape Town.gov.za) has been established by the City, which
receives most complaints and requests, also those in respect of water
account queries. Any technical complaints or others related to water that
cannot be dealt with by the Corporate Call Centre, is forwarded via an
electronic notification to the Technical Operation Centre for action.
F.8.1.1.4
Attending to complaints for water: rural
Refer to F.8.1.1.3
F.8.1.1.5
Attending to complaints for sanitation: urban
The statistics with respect to attending to complaints is given below:
Item
2005/06
1 Total number of consumer units
656,800
2 No. of complaints of quality of service within a year
45,310
3 % of complaints / queries
6.90%
4 No. of blockages reported per annum
**
5 % queries responded to within 24 hours
*
6 % blockages repaired within 48 hours after being
reported
*
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
*
Event recording is not currently done at the TOC. The Districts are
informed and enter the notification into SAP themselves. Statistic
are therefore not available.
**
These statistics are now being captured City wide and are
available as from June 2006
Refer also to F.8.1.1.3
F.8.1.1.6
Attending to complaints for sanitation: rural
Refer to F.8.1.1.3
F.8.1.1.7
Education for basic water services
Customer Interaction
This function includes engaging the public and educating them in the
awareness of Water Conservation, Water Pollution and Water Demand
Management. It also deals with broad-impact citizen queries and
correspondence as well as matters that are logged at the Corporate Call
Centre but which require specialist investigations.
Customer education, communication and liaison are accepted as key
strategic issues and are being afforded a high priority in the new structure of
Water and Sanitation Services. Water conservation, water pollution, water
ingress and payment habits, among others, are all being addressed in a
comprehensive and sustainable fashion.
Hlonipha Amanzi (Respect Water) Programme
In 2006/07 Water and Sanitation Services launched their “Hlonipha Amanzi”
Programme. The programme covered 30 informal areas.
The project was aimed at informing and educating informal communities on
the basic services provided. The campaign promoted and encouraged
community cooperation to better manage valuable resources such as water,
to help keep the environment and themselves clean and to prevent the spread
of diseases associated with an unhealthy environment. Through this it was
hoped to build better communities.
The objectives of the project were:
‰
‰
‰
‰
‰
Promotion of sustainable service delivery
Promotion of improved management of existing resources
Promotion of health and well-being of individuals
Education on how to be responsible and create a safe, secure and
hygienic community
Making information/reporting lines more accessible
It was a requirement of the project that the consultants employ individuals
from each community, through a consultative process, for the duration of each
set of workshops and to leave behind capacity-building skills.
This project was unique to the Branch in that three consultants (each
assigned different areas) worked closely with the project leaders to ensure
that the same content, material and issues were taken to each area to provide
the consistency required. This was important, as the intention is to continue to
roll this project out to the remaining informal areas throughout the City of
Cape Town until all informal areas have been covered.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
A series of workshops were held in each area. The workshops started off with
an icebreaker to bring everyone together. This was then followed by the main
body of the workshop running through topics on flipcharts which included:
service delivery elements, vandalism, unhealthy environments, disease/germs
and what the community can do to prevent this. The workshops culminated in
washing of hands, tea/coffee and sandwiches for all and presentation of
certificates for all attendees as well as a bucket, soap, and soap dispenser.
The last workshop in each area also had lucky draws for small prizes, like
retail store vouchers and food hampers.
Areas covered in this first phase included: Thabo Mbeki, Klipfontein, Area K,
Kosovo, Samora Machel, Ekanni, Ekanni (Michells Plain), Morkel’s Cottages,
Sir Lowry’s Pass, Solly’s Town, Siyahlala, Happy Rest, Silihluwe, Polile, Wag
‘n Bietjie, Cuban Heights, Rondevlei, Joe Slovo (zones 1, 2 & 3),
Wallacedene, Happy Valley, Kalkfontein, Malawi, Red Hill, Vrygrond, Mxolisi
Petani – Taiwan, Monwabisi Park, Mfuleni, Witsand, and Doornbach.
Overall, the workshops have been very well received by the communities they
served. The community members attending the workshops were very
enthusiastic and some very valuable comments have been received, which
will be utilised in the next round of workshops.
F.8.1.1.8
Pollution awareness
The Hlonipha Amanzi Programme covers pollution awareness in informal
settlements.
F.8.1.2
Future trends and goals (customer services)
F.8.1.2.1
Quality of service for water: urban and rural
The goal is to ensure that the percentage of customers satisfied with the
service continues to increase and reaches 95% within the next 5 years.
F.8.1.2.2
Attending to complaints for water: urban and rural
The goal is to ensure that all complaints / queries are routed through the TOC
within the next two years and that consolidated statistics on response times
and other indicators are available.
F.8.1.2.3
Attending to complaints for sanitation: urban and rural
Refer to F.8.1.2.3.
F.8.1.2.4
Education for basic water services
The goal is to extend the successful “Hlonipha Amanzi” programme to all
currently existing informal areas by mid 2009.
F.8.1.2.5
Pollution awareness
The Hlonipha Amanzi Programme will continue to be used to raise awareness
on pollution issues.
F.8.1.2.6
Quality of health and hygiene education and awareness
Refer to F.8.1.2.5
F.8.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (customer services)
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
There is no consolidated information on response times to complaints and
queries and to repairing water and sewer mains. The reasons are:
• TOC does not currently do notifications on SAP and the information
systems are not integrated.
• There is a huge backlog in closing of notifications.
The lack of integration of the TOC and District processes also means that
other statistics such as number of burst water mains and sewer blockages
repaired have to be obtained from the Districts. It is not possible to get a
consolidated report.
The link between SAP and GIS is not in place.
All informal areas have not been covered with education for basic water and
sanitation services.
F.8.1.4
Implementations strategies (customers services)
In order to ensure that consolidated information is readily available from SAP
the project for integrating the TOC and SAP processes have been raised to
the level of a corporate project. It is envisaged that it will still take 12-14
months before the system is fully integrated.
The link between SAP and GIS is planned to be in place by the end of 2007
More funding is required to improve the facilities at the TOC Centre
The successful “Hlonipha Amanzi” Programme will be rolled out to the
remaining informal settlements
186
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9
FINANCIAL PROFILE
As part of the review of the WSDP, and in the context of important financial
constraints on the City, Water and Sanitation Services commissioned a study
in 2004/05 to undertake a financial assessment of its services. The high level
purpose of the study was to assess an affordable and sustainable level of
capital expenditure for Water and Sanitation Services and to determine the
implications of this for future operations.
For the Financial report from Palmer Development Group GOTO (Draft 2 dated 17 November 2005). The figures contained in this report were updated
in November 2006. For an update of the model results dated GOTO.
The financial model was developed to allow the user to develop and choose
from four capital expenditure scenarios, as follows:
‰
A “needs-based” capital programme based on information received
directly from the water services officials;
‰
The “modelled” scenario which is based on unit costs (input) and demand
(early model assumptions); This scenario is a “smooth” scenario and
assumed no “lumpiness” in capital development. Although this is
unrealistic, it nevertheless provides a useful basis for comparison with
other scenarios at an indicative level.
‰
An ”affordable” scenario which can be input directly by the user. The
Consultant assumed 25% of revenues as an affordable long term capital
spend.
‰
A “selected option” allowing the user to choose one of the three options
for each of the major components of the system, viz. bulk water
expansion, bulk water renewals, etc.
The primary objectives of this study were to:
‰
To determine an indicative affordable and sustainable capital expenditure
programme for the City of Cape Town Water and Sanitation Services;
‰
To determine the implications of the capital programme on:
‰
ƒ
Financing (how funds are secured),
ƒ
The service (what can and cannot be done), and
ƒ
Tariffs (the impact on the customer); and
To identify the key strategic issues facing the service in order to ensure
Water and Sanitation Services were provided in a sustainable manner into
the future.
The conclusions of the report were that:
‰
An affordable long term capital expenditure programme appears to be in
the region of R500 million per annum (smoothed over time), though it is
recognised that actual expenditure will be “lumpy”.
‰
The implications of the capital expenditure programme were:
♦ Financing (how funds are secured),
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
1. Water services needs to secure an appropriate share of MIG
funds
2. The current cost of capital for sanitation is too high and must
be renegotiated with the Department of Finance in the City.
3. Water services should investigate project finance, especially
for large discrete bulk water and wastewater investments.
Some of the wastewater investment could be packages to
make them more attractive.
♦
The service (what can and cannot be done), and
Direct operating costs need to increase significantly in real terms
over the next four years as a result of a need to increase
maintenance costs and because of increasing bulk water costs.
This is notwithstanding efficiency gains with respect to staff costs
and general expenses.
♦
Tariffs (the impact on the customer);
The average tariffs need increase in real terms annually.
‰
The report identified the key strategic issues facing the service in order to
ensure Water and Sanitation Services are provided in a sustainable
manner into the future:
♦ A sustainable capital programme must cater for three important
elements simultaneously: (1) elimination of backlogs and provision for
new demand (2) bulk expansion to cater for new demand, and (3)
rehabilitation and replacement of existing infrastructure.
♦ At present there is an inadequate provision for depreciation of assets.
This must change to ensure sustainability. Depreciation should
encompass all assets, including grant funded assets and assets fully
paid for.
♦ At present there is inadequate maintenance of infrastructure.
Expenditure (and efficiency in spending) must increase significantly in
real terms. It is not clear by how much without more detailed study.
♦ Adequate cash collections is critical to the business. This is not in the
control of the business and failure to perform in this area could
seriously jeopardise the business.
♦ In all of the scenarios modelled, there is a need to increase tariffs
significantly in real terms to ensure sustainability.
♦ Much more attention needs to be given to the financial aspects of the
business. It needs dedicated attention from a high level financial
person adequately resourced with skilled staff such as cost
accountants to improve the overall financial performance and
efficiency of the business. Joburg Water, arguably the best performing
water services utility in the country, have about 40 staff dedicated to
the finances of the business, under a senior Chief Financial Officer.
♦ The current tariff structure is in need of urgent reform. It is an
inherently unstable tariff structure and places the Water and Sanitation
188
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Services business in potential financial jeopardy. For inter-city
comparison of GOTO.
♦ Much more attention needs to be given to data integrity (see separate
report produced during the long term water demand study for more
detail).
Further to the Palmer Development Group report the City has undertaken a
range of measures to ensure that the finances of the City remain sustainable
into the future. These are targeted towards the City achieving long-term
financial viability and sustainability.
The 2007/08 IDP lists the strategies that are being pursued: ♦ Reducing salary costs to acceptable levels, taking into account the City’s
new operating model and transferring savings to improve the
maintenance of assets;
♦ Reducing the cost of servicing long-term debt with innovative methods of
borrowing and capital financing;
♦ Reducing the dependency on cross-subsidisation from tariff-based
services to within acceptable norms;
♦ Maintaining rate and tariff adjustments within national norms and
guidelines, ensuring the national and local economy are not undermined;
♦ Making adequate provision for free basic services for the poor, to ensure
that there is no further marginalisation of poorer communities or
individuals through the entrenchment of the indigent policy;
♦ Preparing realistic income budgets with adequate provision for nonrecovery to ensure the expenditure reflected for each year can be fully
covered by cash receipts;
♦ Ensuring that adequate cash reserves are maintained to cover legislated
funds and provisions.
Some of the interventions in place, though not fully integrated, include:
♦ The consolidation of all legacy billing systems and implementation of a
uniform rates and service structure for the City as a whole;
♦ the working of a single/integrated financial system (SAP), providing
regular and timely reports to all stakeholders;
♦ constantly seeking out opportunities for external funding to supplement
the City’s budget and reducing reliance on the City’s own funds for capital
development; and
♦ regularly reviewing financial strategies and benchmarking against other
organisations
.
F.9.1
Capital funds
F.9.1.1
Situation assessment (capital funds)
F.9.1.1.1
Capital expenditure (budget) : water (R Million)
189
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The historical capital budget for water and sanitation is given in the table below:
2004/05
R mil
2005/06
R mil
2006/07
R mil
0.1
10.1
0.0
13.0
27.3
17.8
156.0
278.3
307.6
SUPPORT SERVICES
0.0
4.0
0.0
SCIENTIFIC SERVICES
0.0
3.0
0.0
61.7
78.7
87.7
0.0
0.0
2.0
13.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.5
244.5
401.3
423.6
EAMS
BULK WATER
RETICULATION
WASTE WATER
WDM
N2 GATEWAY
OTHER
W & S SERVICE TOTAL
F.9.1.1.2
Capital expenditure (budget) : sanitation (R Million)
Refer to F.9.1.1.2
F.9.1.1.3
Sources of capital income : water (R Million)
The historical sources of capital funding for water and sanitation is given in
the table below:
2005/06
R mil
2006/07
R mil
AFF (now CRR)
55.4
62.0
BICL
22.6
53.0
CMIP
4.5
0.0
DWAF
1.7
0.3
EFF
161.6
152.1
MIG
137.5
141.1
18.1
15.1
401.3
423.6
Other
TOTAL
Historically EFF and MIG funding for water and sanitation have been
approximately been R155 million and R140 million respectively.
F.9.1.1.4
Sources of capital income : sanitation (R Million)
190
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Refer to F.9.1.1.4.
F.9.1.2
Future trends and goals (capital funds)
The backlog in basic services and in infrastructure development that has
arisen over a number of years and the continued growth in the city particularly
at specific growth nodes results in an extensive capital infrastructure
programme being required.
Water and Sanitation Services is committed to eradicating the backlogs and
keeping pace with the growth while at the same time reducing the demand for
water through its WC&DM Strategy.
The projected capital expenditure (in R mil) for the next 5 years is:
2007/08
R mil
2008/09
R mil
2009/10
R mil
2010/11
R mil
2011/12
R mil
Reticulation
404.1
313.0
190.7
172.7
131.5
WWT
133.0
174.3
145.3
163.4
185.0
Bulk water
77.8
357.6
579.1
426.0
389.0
WDM
22.5
21.5
25.5
14.1
12.8
3.0
3.5
4.0
27.2
27.7
Water Meter repl.
16.0
16.0
16.0
18.3
19.2
Informal settlements
56.4
55.6
47.1
38.0
39.9
EAMS
31.3
55.2
40.2
42.0
42.0
2.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.7
746.4
998.1
1049.2
903.4
848.7
Support
Scientific Services
TOTAL
Note: the first 3 years correspond with the 3 year capital budget.
GOTO for more detail.
F.9.1.2.1
Capital expenditure (budget) : water
See F.9.1.2
F.9.1.2.2
Capital expenditure (budget) : sanitation (R Million)
See F.9.1.2
F.9.1.2.3
Sources of capital income : water (R Million)
The sources of capital income for water and sanitation are identified below:
2007/08
R mil
191
2008/09
R mil
2009/10
R mil
2010/11
R mil
2011/12
R mil
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Capital requirement
746.4
998.1
1049.2
903.4
848.7
Grants (MIG & DWAF)
179
188
197
207
217
CRR
100
120
144
173
207
467.4
690.1
708.2
523.4
423.7
Nett Capital from EFF
CRR = Capital Replacement Reserve
EFF = External Financing Fund
F.9.1.2.4
Sources of capital income : sanitation (R Million)
See F.9.1.2.3
F.9.1.3
Strategic gap analysis (capital funds)
The high debt burden of the service has reduced its ability to attract debt
financing. Current EFF funding is only approximately R155 mill
Obtaining sufficient capital for the infrastructure programme is a challenge. A
reliable and steadily improving income stream is required.
F.9.1.4
Implementation strategies (water services institutional arrangements)
The following strategies, in addition to the corporate strategies mentioned
under F.9, have been developed to ensure that there is sufficient capital to
meet the infrastructure challenges. They are:
♦ The key strategy that will enable the Department to attract more capital is
to structure the institution effectively and in line with national goals and
objectives – for more information on this refer to the implement of the
WSA and WSP arrangements in Chapter 7.
♦ Increase the capacity of the Water and Sanitation Services Financial
branch. The Finance branch is going to be and upgraded to in terms of
skills and to a incorporate a unit focusing on revenue.
♦ Lobby for more Grant funding.
♦ Increase CRR by at least 20% per annum for at least the next 5 years to
ensure that there is sufficient funding for replacing infrastructure.
♦ Reduce non-payment and write-off irrecoverable debt to ensure that
Water and Sanitation Services is more “bankable” and thereby attracts
more and lower interest debt financing.
192
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.2
Operating cost and income
F.9.2.1
Situation assessment (operating costs and income)
The historical operating costs broken down into categories as reported
through the SAP system are:
2003/04
R mil
2004/05
R mil
2005/06
R mil
2006/07
R mil
Salaries Wages and Allowances
304.36
314.31
343.94
348.21
General Expenses - Other
190.14
182.00
234.30
251.58
Bulk Purchases
119.15
165.92
218.59
249.71
44.58
51.62
58.75
67.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
197.75
128.56
165.51
324.86
Repairs and Maintenance (primary)
64.86
68.21
89.17
77.06
Repairs and Maintenance
(secondary)
77.89
124.97
137.13
116.20
0.00
114.28
125.28
129.47
110.91
129.22
122.88
110.40
3.82
148.64
190.08
147.41
43.02
42.75
44.48
48.24
664.51
645.58
687.02
735.11
8.78
9.78
10.60
11.82
Internal Contribution Expenditure
119.88
119.88
90.00
92.04
Activity Based Costs
-74.59
-99.18
-108.07
-92.30
60.25
117.63
100.38
134.36
1,935.29
2,264.15
2,510.04
2,752.06
Contract Services
Grants and Subsidies
Bad Debts / Working Capital
Reserve
Depreciation
Interest Internal Borrowings
Transfers to&from Reserves/Appr
Acct
Internal Utilities Expenditure
Bulk Charges Expenditure
Insurance Departmental
Expenditure
Corporate Support Services
Water and Sanitation Totals
193
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The nominal and real increases in the previous budgeted expenditure were as
follows:
Nominal Increases
Inflation
Real Increase
F.9.2.1.1
2003/04
to
2004/05
17.0%
2004/05
to
2005/06
10.9%
2005/06
to
2006/07
9.6%
6.0%
6.0%
6.0%
11.0%
4.9%
3.6%
Operating costs : water
See F.9.2.1
F.9.2.1.2
Operating costs : sanitation
See F.9.2.1
F.9.2.1.3
Operating income : subsidies
The Equitable share stands at R178.9 million for 2007/08 increasing at 5%
per annum for the next 5 years.
F.9.2.1.4
Operating income : tariffs
Revised Water and Sanitation Tariff Policies are approved every year. For the
latest policies GOTO.
F.9.2.2
Future trends and goals (operating cost and income)
F.9.2.2.1
Operating costs : water
The City is expected to grow at 1.5% per annum for the next 5 years with
inflation at 5.0%. This means that operating budgets need to increase by at
least 6.5%. While water demand has historically grown at between 3 and 4%
per annum, Water and Sanitation Services is planning on the low water
demand curve of 2% pa increase by continuing to implement the WC&DM
Strategy. The purchase of bulk water is therefore expected to increase by
inflation plus 2% i.e. 7%.
Costs in specific areas as highlighted under F.9.2.3 are expected to increase
above 6.5% (inflation and city growth) due to current shortages and backlogs.
The drive to reduce non-payment and bad debt will result in the reduction of
the bad debt provision over time.
194
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The projected operating costs (in R mil) for water and sanitation broken down
into categories as reported through the SAP system are given in the table
below:
2007/
2008
R mil
2008/
2009
R mil
2009/
2010
R mil
2010/
2011
R mil
2011/
2012
R mil
Salaries Wages and Allowances
488
520
554
589
628
General Expenses - Other
298
317
338
360
383
Bulk Purchases
271
290
310
332
355
73
77
83
88
94
0
0
0
0
0
Bad Debts / Working Capital Reserve
390
371
349
344
337
Repairs and Maintenance (primary)
101
108
115
122
130
55
59
63
67
71
136
143
150
158
165
0
37
95
142
174
116
122
128
134
141
0
62
155
227
273
100
120
144
173
207
51
54
58
61
65
790
846
905
968
1,036
12
13
14
15
16
0
0
0
0
0
Activity Based Costs
-70
-75
-79
-85
-90
Corporate Support Services
141
150
160
171
182
2,953
3,214
3,540
3,866
4,167
Contract Services
Grants and Subsidies
Repairs and Maintenance (secondary)
Depreciation
Depreciation (new assets)
Interest Internal Borrowings
Interest (new loans)
Transfers to & from Reserves /Appr Acct
Internal Utilities Expenditure
Bulk Charges Expenditure
Insurance Departmental Expenditure
Internal Contribution Expenditure
Totals
F.9.2.2.2
Operating costs : sanitation
For trends on operating costs for sanitation refer to F.9.2.2.1 above.
F.9.2.2.3
Operating income : subsidies
The Equitable Share is projected to increase by inflation each year.
195
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.2.2.4
Operating income : tariff
The income from tariffs will be monitored over time to assess whether there is
a need to change the tariff policies or structure. The major change for 2007/08
is the ceasing of the fixed charge for sanitation/sewerage.
F.9.2.3
Strategic gap analysis (operating cost and income)
On the expenditure budget there is insufficient budget provision in a number
of areas which is impacting the effectiveness of the service. These are:
‰
‰
‰
‰
F.9.2.4
Staff shortages
Insufficient funds to write off bad debt
Insufficient funds to maintain infrastructure
Insufficient funds for capital replacement - CRR (Capital Replacement
Reserve)
Implementation strategic (operating cost and income)
In order to close the gaps in operating expenditure in key areas the strategy is
to have large increases in these items from 2006/07 to 2007/08 with lower
subsequent annual increases.
The effect of these increases will be monitored to determine whether these
are sufficient to resolve the constraints.
2006/07 to 2007/08
Overall increase in operating costs will increase by 13.04%, significantly
higher than inflation and city growth which is 6.5% . In particular the following
items will increase by significantly above inflation and city growth.
Increase staff budget
General expenses
Bad debts / working capital reserve
Repairs and Maintenance
Transfers to & from CRR
I4.50%
7.85%
20.05%
30.51%
41.27%
Subsequent years 2007/08 to 2011/12
From 2007/08 to 2011/12 the average annual increase will be 9.0% (2.5%
above inflation and city growth).
Decrease Bad Debts / Working Capital Reserve steadily from R390 mil
(13.2% of opex) to R337 mil (8.1% of opex). The drive to increase payment
levels will be monitored and the amount allocated to bad debt reduced should
the payment level increase substantially.
Transfers to CRR increase by 20% per annum from R100 mil (3.4 % of opex)
to 207.4 mil (5.0 % of opex) so that there is more funding allocated to
infrastructure replacement.
196
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.3
Tariff and charges
F.9.3.1
Situation assessment (tariff and charges)
The historical average tariff for water and sanitation/sewerage is:
2003/04
Average tariff (water &
sanitation)
Increase
Restrictions
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
5.23
6.24
6.40
6.74
No restrictions
19.4%
0% & 20%
restrictions
2.5%
20% & 10%
restrictions
5.4%
10%
restrictions
The increase from 2003/04 to 2004/05 was high due to the imposition of 20%
restrictions while the subsequent year’s increase was low due to the reduction
of the restrictions to 10%.
During the same period the income from user charges increased on the
budget (refer to section F.9.6.1) by:
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
8.8%
8.7%
6.0%
The increase was an average of 7.8% per annum with a real increase of 1.8%
per annum.
The changes in user charges and tariffs from one year to the next differ from
one another because of the changes in the amount of water sold.
F.9.3.1.1
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for water
There are no fixed charges for water.
F.9.3.1.2
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for sanitation
Fixed charges are based on the municipal value of the property. All properties
with a municipal value of less than R100 000 and informal settlements do not
attract a fixed charge.
F.9.3.1.3
Volume charges or other charge mechanisms : residential sanitation
2004 /
2005
2005
/2006
2006/
2007
0 – 4.2
0
0
0
+4.2 – 8.4
R1.52
R 1.60
R 1.68
+8.4 – 28
R3.70
R 3.90
R 4.10
Domestic Full- Single residential
properties. 70% of water
consumption to a maximum of 28 Kl
of sewerage per month (70% of 40 Kl
of water equals 28 Kl of sewerage)
197
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
2004 /
2005
2005
/2006
R3.65
R 3.85
2006/
2007
Domestic Cluster - Bulk metered
flats, cluster developments. Including
sectional and single title units.
90% of Water Consumption (* see
note)
An allowance of 4.2 kl per unit per
month will be made available at zero
cost upon submission of a signed
affidavit stating the number of units
supplied
from
that
metered
connection.
F.9.3.1.4
R 4.04
Block tariffs : residential (R/kl) for water
Block
Domestic Full
0-6
2004/
2005
0
Water that is used predominantly for
domestic purposes and supplied to
single residential properties.
+6-12
R2.26
+6-12
R 2.39
R 2.56
+12 – 20
R4.82
+12 – 20
R 5.10
R 5.46
+20 – 40
R7.12
+20 – 40
R 7.55
R 8.08
+40 – 60
R8.80
+40 – 50
R 9.33
R 9.98
+60
R11.61
+50
R 12.31
R 13.17
R 5.11
R 5.47
Domestic Cluster – Bulk metered
flats, cluster developments including
single title and sectional title units.
An allowance of 6 Kl per unit per
month at zero cost upon submission
of affidavits stating the number of
units.
Block
0-6
2005/
2006
0
2006/
2007
0
R4.82
F.9.3.2
Future trends and goals (tariff and charges)
F.9.3.2.1
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for water
There are no plans to introduce fixed charges for water.
F.9.3.2.2
Fixed charges : residential (per month) for sanitation
The fixed charge for sanitation will be discontinued from 2007/08 onwards.
F.9.3.2.3
Volume charges or other charge mechanisms : residential sanitation
There are no plans to change the blocks in the sewerage tariff.
198
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.3.2.4
Block tariffs : residential (R/kl) for water
There are no plans to change the blocks in the water tariff. The successful
implementation of the WC & DM Strategy may necessitate a revision to the
tariffs in the lower blocks.
F.9.3.3
Strategic analysis (tariff and charges)
The current tariff modelling uses the historical water demand in the various
blocks in order to ensure that there is sufficient income. The successful
implementation of WC & WDM Strategy particularly in the low income areas
will necessitate a revision of the relative charges in the blocks.
The tariffs are modelled every year and changes in consumption patterns are
factored into the annual adjustments.
F.9.3.4
Implementation strategies (tariff and charges)
The proposed domestic tariffs for water for 2007/08 are:
TARIFFS FOR 2006/07
Domestic Full
0-6
0
PROPOSED
TARIFFS
PER KL
VAT EXCLUSIVE
2007 / 2008
0-6
0
Water
that
is
used
predominantly for domestic
purposes and supplied to
single residential properties.
+6-12
R2.56
+6-12
R 3.05
+12 – 20
R5.46
+12 – 20
R 6.50
+20 – 40
R8.08
+20 – 40
R 9.63
+40 – 50
R9.98
+40 – 50
R 11.90
+50
R13.17
+50
R 15.70
R5.47
Dom.
Cluster
R 6.52
Domestic Cluster – Bulk metered flats,
cluster developments including single title
and sectional title units. An allowance of
6 Kl per unit per month at zero cost upon
submission of affidavits stating the
number of units.
For the tariffs for 0%, 20% and 30% restrictions GOTO.
199
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The proposed domestic tariffs for sanitation for 2007/08 are:
VOLUMETRIC TARIFFS
Domestic
FullSingle
residential properties. 70%
of water consumption to a
maximum of 28 Kl of
sewerage per month (70% of
40 Kl of water equals 28 Kl of
sewerage)
TARIFFS
2006 / 2007
PROPOSED
TARIFFS
2007 / 2008
0 – 4.2
0
0 – 4.2
0
+4.2 – 8.4
R1.68
+4.2 – 8.4
R 3.78
+8.4 – 28
R4.10
+8.4 – 28
R 9.23
Domestic Cluster - Bulk
metered
flats,
cluster
developments.
Including
sectional and single title
units.
90% of Water Consumption
(* see note)
R4.04
R 9.10
An allowance of 4.2 kl per
unit per month will be made
available at zero cost upon
submission of a signed
affidavit stating the number
of units supplied from that
metered connection.
* Important Note: The Director of Water and Sanitation may adjust the percentages as
appropriate to the consumer. This is not applicable to the domestic full category.
For the tariffs for 0%, 20% and 30% restrictions GOTO.
There will be ongoing analysis of the changing water consumption and
wastewater discharge patterns to ensure that income will be sufficient.
In order to ensure that Water and Sanitation Services is able to meet the
infrastructure and other challenges above inflation increases in the average
tariff will be required as shown in the table below:
Average tariff (water & sanitation)
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
R
R
R
R
R 10.11
7.31
7.92
8.74
9.50
Annual nominal increases
8.4%
10.4%
8.8%
6.4%
Inflation
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
Annual real increases
3.4%
5.4%
3.8%
1.4%
Over a 5 year period average tariffs are projected to increase by an average
of a nominal 8.4% per annum or a real 3.4% per annum. The total real
increase in tariffs over a 5 year period is projected to be 18.5%. This will
mean that the total real increase in tariffs from 2003/04 to 2011/12 (8 year
period) will be 32.5%
200
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Over a 5 year period income from user charges are projected to increase by
an average of a nominal 10.3% per annum or a real 5.3% per annum. The
total real increase in tariffs over a 5 year period is projected to be 29.4%. This
will mean that the total real increase in tariffs from 2003/04 to 2011/12 (8 year
period) will be 40.6%
This assumes a city growth of 1.5% per annum, a 2% annual increase in
water demand (low water demand curve), an inflation rate of 5% and that the
10% restriction will continue for the next 5 years.
The reduction in revenue demand as a result of the WC&DM Strategy will
result in higher increases in the average tariff although not a high average
cost to the consumer. In other words the projected income from the user
charges will remain the same but because of the lower water consumption the
average tariff will increase.
The WC&DM Strategy assumes a 0% increase in water demand beyond
2020. Should the City achieve this objective even over the next 5 years then
the average tariff for a 0% annual increase in the water demand is as follows:
Average tariff (water & sanitation)
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
R
R
R
R
R 11.20
7.31
8.12
9.19
10.25
Annual nominal increases
11.1%
13.2%
11.6%
9.2%
Inflation
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
Annual real increases
6.1%
7.2%
6.6%
4.2%
It is important to note that while the percentage tariff increases would be
higher than the 2% annual increase in water demand the average bill to the
consumer would not increase at the same rate because of the lower average
consumption.
By way of illustration should the annual increase in water demand be 1% then
the average tariff would be as follows:
Average tariff (water & sanitaton)
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
R
R
R
R
R 10.61
7.31
8.01
8.95
9.85
Annual nominal increases
9.7%
11.7%
10.1%
7.7%
Inflation
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
Annual real increases
4.7%
6.7%
5.1%
2.7%
Both of the above tables assume the same capital expenditure would be
required. This would not necessarily be the case.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.4
Free basic water
F.9.4.1
Situation assessment (free basic water)
F.9.4.1.1
Subsidy targeting approach for free basic water
The first 6 kilolitres of water supplied to all residential dwellings in the
municipal area is free. There is no fixed charge. Refer to the R20 Indigent
Grant for Sewerage.
F.9.4.1.2
Subsidy targeting approach for free basic sanitation
The first 4.2 kilolitres of sewerage removed from all residential dwellings in
the municipal area is free. The fixed charge does not apply to dwellings
occupied by Indigent households. A R20 Indigent Grant is applicable to the
sewerage tariff for qualifying households.
The nett result is that at 2006/07 tariffs an Indigent household can consume
10.695 kilolitres per month of water (with sewerage disposal assumed to be
70% of water consumption) without attracting any charges.
F.9.4.2
Future trends and goals (free basic water)
F.9.4.2.1
Subsidy targeting approach for free basic water
No changes to the existing structure are planned. However, the approach of
free basic water to all may need to be revised in future.
F.9.4.2.2
Subsidy targeting approach for free basic sanitation
No changes to the existing structure are planned. The R20 Indigent Grant will
remain. However, the approach of free basic sanitation to all may need to be
revised in future.
F.9.4.3
Strategic gap analysis (free basic water)
While the tariff structure is aligned to the needs of the Indigent, leaking
plumbing results in higher water consumption and sewerage disposal and
therefore higher and unaffordable charges.
F.9.4.4
Implementation strategies
The Integrated Water Leaks Repair and the Fixit Projects are addressing the
high water consumption and sewerage disposal (refer to Water conservation
and Demand Management).
The Indigent Grant on top of free basic services will be monitored over time
and changes made should it be necessary.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.5
Charges and block tariffs: Industrial and Commercial
F.9.5.1
Situation assessment (charges and block tariffs)
Water
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
R 5.14
R 5.45
R5.83
/
R4.54
R 4.81
R 5.15
Provincial
R4.88
R 5.17
R 5.53
Municipal – Departmental use
R4.54
R 4.81
R 5.15
Miscellaneous – All consumers who do not fall
within the above categories.
R4.88
R 5.17
R 5.53
Miscellaneous External - All consumers
supplied outside the City of Cape Town.
R5.83
R 6.18
R6.61
Bulk Tariff - Exclusive of the Water Research
Commission Levy
R1.77
R 1.98
R 2.21
Commercial – Water supplied to premises
predominantly of a commercial nature
Industrial - Water which is used in
manufacturing, generating electricity, land-based
transport, construction or any related purpose.
Schools / Sport – Any educational activity
sporting body
Government
Departments
-
National
and
Only for Bulk Supply to other Municipalities and
for cost recovery from Water and Sanitation
Services Reticulation of the City of Cape Town
Wastewater
Industrial and Commercial - Schools, hospitals,
Government: National / Provincial and any other –
95% of water consumption (* see note)
Departmental - 95% of water (* see note)
consumption excluding facilities not connected to
the sewer system
F.9.5.1.1
2004 / 05
2005 /06
R2.27
R 2.39
R 2.20
2006/07
R2.51
R 2.31
R2.09
Fixed charges and block tariffs: industrial for water (per month)
There are no blocks in the tariff nor fixed charges for water supplied to
industrial properties.
F.9.5.1.2
Fixed charges and block tariffs : industrial for wastewater (per month)
There are no blocks in the tariff but there is a fixed charge for wastewater
removed from industrial properties. The fixed charge is based on the value of
the property and is charged on a “cents in the Rand” basis. The current cents
in the rand is 0.2513. The volume of water discharged is assumed to be 95%
203
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
of the water consumed. The Director: Water and Sanitation can adjust the
percentage based on measurements taken.
F.9.5.1.3
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for water (per kl)
As for Industrial.
F.9.5.1.4
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for wastewater (per month)
As for Industrial.
F.9.5.1.5
Fixed charges and block tariffs : other for water
The other tariffs for water are:
School / Sports
Government
Municipal
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous external
Bulk Tariff
Water is charged at a one rate per Kl. There are no fixed charges.
F.9.5.1.6
Fixed charges and block tariffs : other for wastewater
Wastewater is charged at one rate per Kl discharged. The volume discharged
is assumed to be 95% of the water consumed. The Director: Water and
Sanitation can adjust the percentage based on measurements taken.
There is a fixed charge for wastewater removed from “government and other”
properties. The fixed charge is based on the value of the property and is
charged on a “cents in the Rand” basis. The current (2006/07) cents in the
rand is 0.2008.
F.9.5.2
Future trends and goals (charges and block tariffs)
F.9.5.2.1
Fixed charges and block tariffs : industrial for water
No changes to the structure are planned for the future. Above inflation
increased can be expected in line with the average tariff.
F.9.5.2.2
Fixed charges and block tariffs : industrial for wastewater
The fixed charge based on the cents in the rand will be dropped from 1 July
2007. Above inflation increases for tariffs can be expected in line with the
average tariff increases.
F.9.5.2.3
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for water
No changes to the structure are planned for the future. Above inflation
increased can be expected in line with the average tariff.
F.9.5.2.4
Fixed charges and block tariffs : commercial for wastewater
The fixed charge based on the cents in the rand will be dropped from 1 July
2007. Above inflation increases for tariffs can be expected in line with the
average tariff.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.5.2.5
Fixed charges and block tariffs : other for water
No changes to the structure are planned for the future. Above inflation
increased can be expected in line with the average tariff.
F.9.5.2.6
Fixed charges and block tariffs : other for sanitation
The fixed charge based on the cents in the rand will be dropped from 1 July
2007. Above inflation increases for tariffs can be expected in line with the
average tariff.
F.9.5.3
Strategic gap analysis (charges and block tariffs)
The current tariff modelling uses the historical water demand in the various
categories in order to ensure that there is sufficient income. The successful
implementation of WC & WDM Strategy will necessitate a revision of the
tariffs.
The tariffs are modelled every year and changes in consumption patterns are
factored into the annual adjustments.
F.9.5.4
Implementation strategies (charges and block tariffs)
The average tariff for water and sanitation are projected to increase by above
inflation annually.
The proposed sanitation tariffs for Industrial, Commercial and departmental
for 2007/08 are:
CURRENT
TARIFFS
2006 / 2007
R 5.83
PROPOSED
TARIFFS
PER
KL
2007 / 2008
VAT EXC
R 6.95
Schools / Sport – Any educational
activity / sporting body
R5.15
R 6.14
Government
Departments
R5.53
R 6.59
Municipal – Departmental use
R5.15
R 6.13
Miscellaneous – All consumers who do
not fall within the above categories.
R5.53
R 6.59
Miscellaneous External - All consumers
supplied outside the City of Cape Town.
R6.61
R 7.88
Commercial – Water supplied to
premises predominantly of a commercial
nature
Industrial - Water which is used in
manufacturing, generating electricity,
land-based transport, construction or any
related purpose.
- National and Provincial
205
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
CURRENT
TARIFFS
2006 / 2007
Bulk Tariff - Exclusive of the Water
Research Commission Levy
R2.21
PROPOSED
TARIFFS
PER
KL
2007 / 2008
VAT EXC
R 2.31
Only for Bulk Supply to other
Municipalities and for cost recovery from
Water Services Reticulation of the City of
Cape Town
For the tariffs for 0%, 20% and 30% restrictions GOTO.
The proposed sanitation tariffs for Industrial, Commercial and departmental
for 2007/08 are:
VOLUMETRIC TARIFFS
TARIFFS
2006 / 2007
PROPOSED
TARIFFS
2007 / 2008
Industrial and Commercial - Schools,
hospitals,
Government:
National
/
Provincial and any other – 95% of water
consumption (* see note)
R2.51
R 5.65
Departmental - 95% of water (* see
note) consumption excluding facilities not
connected to the sewer system
R2.31
R 5.20
* Important Note: The Director of Water and Sanitation may adjust the percentages as
appropriate to the consumer. This is not applicable to the domestic full category.
.For the tariffs for 0%, 20% and 30% restrictions GOTO.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.6
Income and sales
F.9.6.1
Situation assessment (income and sales)
The historical budgeted income for water and sanitation broken down into the
categories as reported on SAP is given below:
2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07
R million R million R million R million
User Charges for Services
Rent of Facilities and Equipment
Interest earned on Arrears
Operating Grants and Subsidies
Other Income
Internal Charges Revenue
Internal Cross Subsidisation Revenue
Accum Surplus
TOTAL
-1,276
-1,388
-1,508
-1,598
-1
0
0
0
0
-72
-52
-110
-72
-101
-162
-170
-2
-4
-8
-12
-709
-699
-744
-813
0
0
-34
-36
124
0
-2
-12
-1,935
-2,264
-2,510
-2,752
Over a three year period the average annual increase in income was 12.5%.
The major contributors to this high increase were:
User charges for services
Interest earned on Arrears
Operating Grants and Subsidies
Other Income
Accum Surplus
7.8%
23.6%
33.5%
80.2%
146.7%
From the above it can be seen that the high increase was not only attributable
to users charges for services (i.e. tariffs) but rather to the other items listed
above.
Since GAMAP was introduced all municipalities have to budget for expected
income and therefore add a provision for bad debt into the budget. A deficit
would only then occur if the sales volumes were less than originally projected.
F.9.6.1.1
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : water (R)
Water and Sanitation income is combined under F.9.6.1
F.9.6.1.2
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : sanitation (R)
Water and Sanitation income is combined under F.9.6.1
F.9.6.1.3
Sales arrangements
The billing system is integrated with the SAP computer software. The Water
and Sanitation bill is sent monthly with the rates and other services accounts.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The City is divided into 20 billing areas / meter reading areas. Bills are sent
out daily in order to cover the whole city in one month.
Payment for municipal accounts can be easily made at any municipal office,
through third party payments (supermarkets etc) and electronic funds
transfers (EFTs) or stop orders through banks
When insufficient payment is made by a customer the payment is not
necessarily allocated to water even though payment may have resulted as a
consequence of dis-connection / restricting the water supply.
The current credit control policy has been in operation since June 2004.
F.9.6.2
Future trends and goals (income and sales)
F.9.6.2.1
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : water
The future trends for water and sanitation income are shown in the table
below:
2007/08
R mil
2008/09
R mil
2009/10
R mil
2010/11
R mil
2011/12
R mil
-1,741
-1,924
-2,165
-2,402
-2,608
0
0
0
0
0
Interest earned on Arrears
-110
-116
-121
-127
-134
Operating Grants and Subsidies
-179
-188
-197
-207
-217
-12
-13
-14
-14
-15
-873
-934
-999
-1,069
-1,144
-38
-40
-43
-46
-49
-2,953
-3,214
-3,540
-3,866
-4,167
User Charges for Services
Rent of Facilities and Equipment
Other Income
Internal Charges Revenue
Internal Cross Subsidisation Revenue
0
Over a 5 year period income from user charges are projected to increase by
an average of a nominal 10.3% per annum or a real 5.3% per annum. The
total real increase in tariffs over a 5 year period is projected to be 29.4%. This
will mean that the total real increase in tariffs from 2003/04 to 2011/12 (8 year
period) will be 40.6%
This assumes a city growth of 1.5% per annum, a 2% annual increase in
water demand (low water demand curve), an inflation rate of 5% and that the
10% restriction will continue for the next 5 years.
Provision for bad debt has been made under the budgeted expenditure.
F.9.6.2.2
Total income (and non-payment) and expenditure : sanitation
Refer to F.9.6.2.1.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.6.2.3
Sales arrangements
There are plans to update the Credit Control Policy during the 2007/08
Financial Year.
The City has plans to set up a customer internet portal on SAP.
F.9.6.3
Strategic gap analysis (income and sales)
The Service has a R2.0 billion debt (R1.5 bil for water and R0.5 for sanitation)
which has grown from R1.2 during the last 2 years. Clearly a concerted effort
is required to turn this situation around.
The dunning and dis-connection process is ongoing. Issues related to
speeding up debt recovery:
F.9.6.4
‰
When a customer is dis-connected or restricted (in the case of residential
consumers) and pays for water and sewerage this payment is not always
allocated to the water and sanitation debt on the SAP system due to the
way the payment allocation rules were set up.
‰
Some indigent households have huge municipal debt due to previous or
ongoing water leaks that discourages them from paying the current
account or making arrangements to pay.
‰
There have been numerous moratoriums over the last few years on
restricting water to properties with municipal value less than R100 000.
This has exacerbated the debt situation.
‰
The top 1000 debtors owe approximately R 259 milllion. This has
improved from R587 million in May 2006.
‰
There is insufficient capacity for disconnections / restrictions and
reconnections.
‰
There is a growing gap between the number of properties being
disconnected / restricted and those being reconnected. This could mean
that a significant number of customers are tampering.
Implementation strategies (income and sales)
A number of strategies to address the strategic gap are either being
implemented or are in the process of being developed.
‰
All payments made as a result of disconnection or restricting the water
supply should be allocated to water and sanitation. This will necessitate a
change in the rules on SAP.
‰
The Integrated Water Leaks Repair and the Fixit Project is currently
addressing the high water leakage and high debt at residential properties
less than R100,000. (R199 000 from 2007/08). The City is repairing leaks
on those properties free of charge on a once-off basis. Residents that
maintain their water consumption within expected norms for 6 months
then have their water and sewerage arrears written off to bad debt. In this
way indigent households should have a low or zero (consumption within
the free portion) monthly water and sewerage bill which they can afford.
‰
The Top 1000 debtors will continue to be targeted on an ongoing basis as
this is an effective way of ensuring that those with the highest debt pay.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
‰
A tender is being prepared and contractors will be used from 1 July 2007
to intensify the disconnection/restriction and reconnection process and
additional labour will continue to be employed through labour brokers to
assist the in-house teams.
‰
Check for tampering those properties that have been dis-connected /
restricted but have not been reconnected.
‰
Increase the capacity of the Water and Sanitation Services Financial
branch. The Finance branch is going to be and upgraded to in terms of
skills and to a incorporate a unit focusing on revenue.
F.9.7
Metering and Billing Urban
F.9.7.1
Situation and assessment (metering and billing)
F.9.7.1.1
Metering and billing : urban
Meter Verification and Meter Accuracy
The CCT is committed to ensure through its accredited Meter Verification
Laboratory that each metered customer has the right and recourse to
challenge the accuracy of its meter through a process as provided for in terms
of the Trade Metrology Act and the SABS 1529-1:2003.
Meter Management and Billing
The CCT is committed to reading and billing all consumers monthly and has
provided a line of communication for customers to lodge any queries in
respect of their accounts through the Corporate Call Centre. Water and
Sanitation Services deal with the management of the water meter, its
accuracy and the preparation of the customers account before invoicing by
the Corporate Finance Department.
Meter Reading
The CCT currently reads approximately 78.3% of the 656 800 water meters
monthly, while the rest are estimated. There are major advantages to the
customer in a read versus an estimated meter reading, among these paying
for actual usage and greater confidence in the account figure. Continual
estimating also results in reduced income for the service as the high
consumption in summer months is smoothed by the lower winter
consumption.
There are currently approximately 22,000 meters that have been repeatedly
estimated for over a year due to meters not being accessible.
Consolidated monthly statistics on the following have been collected through
the District Managers’ Operational report since June 2006:
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
Meters installed
Meters replaced
Meters relocated / refixed
Meters stolen
Meter connections removed
Leaking meters repaired
Historical data will therefore be available from 2006/07. For an example of the
District Managers’ Operational Report GOTO
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.9.7.1.2
Metering and billing : rural
Refer to F.9.7.1.1
F.9.7.2
Future trends and goals (metering and billing)
F.9.7.2.1
Metering and billing : urban
Water and Sanitation Services has set a target to reduce the number of
estimated readings to 10% by 2012 and to progressively eliminate estimating
of those meters that have been estimated for over a year.
It has also set a goal to reduce the number of meters being repeatedly
estimated from 22,000 per month to zero by 2012.
F.9.7.2.2
Metering and billing : rural
Refer to F.9.7.2.2
F.9.7.3
Strategic gap analysis (metering and billing)
There are a number of issues that need to be addressed:
♦ The proportion of meters being estimated is too high
♦ There is insufficient staff capacity to deal with the issues that lead to
ongoing estimations of meters.
♦ Inaccurate meters, especially the larger meters, need to be identified and
repaired or replaced.
♦ Customer data clean-up also required as the information from legacy
systems has still not been cleaned up.
♦ There are still 7,000 properties that are not billed
♦ There is often a delay in loading the meters of new developments onto
SAP. This results in customers not receiving a bill for some time and then
when they do the bill is unaffordable. This is particularly prevalent with
state housing schemes and exacerbates the non-payment problem.
♦ There are a few areas where meter reading does not take place because
of the problem of the delay in the initial billing of those areas.
F.9.7.4
Implementation and strategies (metering and billing)
A project / committee focusing on all aspects around meters and improving
revenue will be established under the new Revenue unit in the new Water and
Sanitation Services “Financial and Commercial Branch”. It will inter-alia focus
on the issues raised under F.9.7.3
.
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City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.10
LIST OF PROJECTS
F.10.1
Annual, WSA Sustainability and IDP Project Lists
The project list as provided from the SAP system is given in the table below: (Source : Water 200708 Capital Budget as
resubmitted Feb07 summary JdB.xls).
This is a comprehensive list of Projects which includes the sustainability list. The table lists the total cost of each project as well
as the reason for the project (Investment Reason). All the projects are for inclusion in the IDP. For the spreadsheet detail the
amounts provided for 2008/09 and 2009/10 as well as future years GOTO.
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
BW
Development of Additional Infrastructure
0
709,807
709,807
EFF
New Asset
BW
Development of Additional Infrastructure
43,946,000
0
1,636,246,000
EFF
New Asset
BW
Infrastructure Replace/Refurbish BW
0
6,801,188
6,801,188
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
BW
Infrastructure Replace/Refurbish
15,000,000
0
79,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
BW
Replacement of Plant & Equipment- BW
200,000
0
1,128,200
CRR
New Asset
BW
Atlantis - Administrative building upgrade and refurbish
0
800,000
840,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
BW
Bulk Water Infrastructure Upgrade
2,000,000
140,744
10,792,744
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
BW
Servitudes - Payment for usage/property rights linked to Water Infrastructure Upgrades
50,000
2,572
318,072
EFF
New Asset
BW
Bulk Water Infrastructure Replace/Refurbishment
3,500,000
3,895,750
22,875,750
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
BW
Extension of Bulk Water Pipeline
240,000
640,495
2,803,695
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
BW
Voëlvlei : Replacement of LLPS Pipeline
2,000,000
12,506,356
20,686,356
EFF
Replacement of Asset
BW
TMS Aquifer Deep Borehole
3,900,000
1,050,126
38,250,126
EFF
New Asset
BW
Plant & Equipment Additional
1,000,000
0
6,115,500
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Replacement of Vehicles
15,000,000
2,732,411
56,732,411
EFF
Replacement of Asset
EAMS
Replacement of Plant & Equipment
10,000,000
225,781
42,600,781
EFF
Replacement of Asset
EAMS
Mobile Generators Emergencies
0
5,668,315
26,983,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Replacement of Plant, Tools & Equipment (Fleet)
0
0
0
CRR
Replacement of Asset
EAMS
Replacement of Vehicles & Accessories
0
0
0
CRR
New Asset
EAMS
New/Addit.Vehicles & Accessories
5,000,000
0
17,500,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Depot Rationalisation for Transformation (Hillstar)
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
EAMS
Depot Rationalisation for Transformation
0
0
25,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
EAMS
Vehicle On-board Computers
0
0
0
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Tools & Sundry Equipment (Elec)
15,000
0
75,000
EFF
New Asset
212
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
RETIC
N2 Gateway Projects
0
29,260,260
47,910,910
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
N2 Gateway Projects
0
117,000,000
228,709,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Design Aandrag Supply System
0
0
2,240,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Monwabisi Pumpstation-Sewer
1,208,076
493,679
1,701,755
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Monwabisi Pumpstation-Sewer
7,099,453
0
25,618,366
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
D'urbanville Collectors Sewers
0
0
0
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
D'urbanville Collectors Sewers
2,000,000
0
10,900,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Sanitation Upgrade: Informal Settlements
0
3,672,257
3,847,571
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Infomal Settlements Sanitation Project
0
777,860
777,860
STA
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgrade Sewer Pumpstations
10,000,000
9,146,873
49,146,873
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Repl&Upgr Sew Pumps Citywide
5,000,000
0
22,500,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Incremental Upgrade Areas - Standpipes
2,000,000
4,058,029
12,058,029
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgrade Water Network
15,000,000
22,946,315
79,946,315
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgrade Water Network
9,000,000
0
33,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replace Office Furniture & Equipment
0
239,395
2,900,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Computer Replacement
0
513,297
2,900,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Sewer Network Emergencies
5,000,000
3,305,809
20,422,425
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
The construction of a new 300mm water main for the new High Risers under construction in the 6,475,000
Beach Road coridor - Strand
0
13,255,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Somerset West - New Bulk Connection
0
0
0
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
New Zevenwacht Heights Reservoir and Pumpstation
0
0
0
BICL
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Renovate Langeberg Reservoirs 1 & 2
6,700,000
0
8,700,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Installation of New Infrastructure - Supply to Bellville North As per Masterplan
7,900,000
249,200
22,149,200
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Installation of New Infrastructure - Supply to Bellville North As per Masterplan
2,000,000
299,856
4,299,856
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Remove midblock water network-Bishop Lavis Phase 4
4,800,000
450,000
8,250,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade & Replace Water Meters
16,000,000
12,234,984
75,234,984
PRI
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
The replacement of an existing sewer main along Beach Road - Strand. Existing pipe absolute
due to sand infiltration and the current development of 15 High Rise Appartment blocks.
0
104,556
1,300,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
The rehabilitation of a concrete pipe line from Gant's to the Beach Road Corridor in Strand for
the sewer outfall from Somerset Business Park, Sir Lowry's Pass, etc.
0
0
550,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
The construction of a new Main sewer for the Somerset West Business Park to serve
developments under construction and the Sir Lowry's Pass community.
4,950,000
0
6,950,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Pich Fibre Replacement - M/Plain
5,000,000
0
10,000,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
213
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
RETIC
Pich Fibre Replacement - M/Plain
300,000
0
1,300,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Remove Midblock Sewer Network-Ruyterwach
4,870,962
0
6,070,962
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Remove Midblock Sewer Network-B Lavis
4,570,962
2,459,940
8,530,902
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Fisantekraal Main Sewer
0
0
2,000,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Replace Black Mac Sewer Screens
0
0
0
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Replace Black Mac Sewer Screens
0
0
0
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade of Bridgetown Sewer Pump Stn
3,500,000
0
8,500,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Upgrade of Bridgetown Sewer Pump Stn
500,000
0
1,700,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Helderberg / AECI Macassar system
0
0
20,000,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Bottelary Bulk Sewer System
0
157,715
157,715
BICL
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Fisantekraal Main Sewer
76,850,000
0
82,150,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Design Pump Station, Rising main and gravity main for Melkbos Outfall sewer - Parklands
0
0
12,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Bulk Sewer Capacity Expansion
0
0
0
OTH
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Alterations to Sandown Pump Station And New Rising Main Sandown Rd
0
500,000
500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Mfuleni (Bardale Housing Dev New Water Infrastructure)
0
0
1,611,200
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Mfuleni (Bardale) Water
0
0
236,215
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Mfuleni (Bardale Housing Dev New Sewer Infrastructure)
0
0
915,840
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Mfuleni (Bardale) Sewer
0
0
1,439,698
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Rehab of Water Network (Citywide)
2,500,000
0
5,000,000
MIG
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Rehab of Water Network (Citywide)
0
0
0
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Rehab of Sewer Network (Citywide)
7,500,000
0
15,000,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Rehab of Sewer Network (Citywide)
1,500,000
0
3,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Pump Station Rehab ( Citywide)
4,000,000
0
7,500,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Pump Station Rehab ( Citywide)
500,000
0
1,500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Rehab of Rising Main - Retreat
3,000,000
0
3,000,000
MIG
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Rehab of Rising Main - Retreat
700,000
0
700,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements Water Incremental Upgrade
2,500,000
145,470
7,039,999
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements Water Incremental Upgrade
500,000
0
500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Car Wash Facilities : Khay/M. Plain
0
0
0
STA
New Asset
RETIC
Sewer Infrastructure - Master Planning
500,000
150,000
7,050,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Installation of New Sewer Infrastructure
3,000,000
244,434
18,044,434
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgr Sew Netw
3,000,000
0
38,578,751
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgrade Sewer Network
15,000,000
10,658,308
78,658,308
CRR
Replacement of Asset
214
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
RETIC
Flood Disaster Wallacedene- New water reticulation for Wallacedene development
330,000
1,903,758
3,522,194
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Flood Disaster Wallacedene- New water reticulation for Wallacedene development
330,000
1,779,749
3,059,870
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Water Infrastructure - Master Planning
500,000
175,439
7,075,439
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Basic Sanitation: Informal Settlements
0
6,270,855
6,640,855
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Basic Sanitation: Informal Settlements
0
1,465,483
1,745,142
STA
New Asset
RETIC
Protea Heights Water Sup New Infrastructure to Supply New Development.
6,000,000
2,641,074
26,241,074
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlement Projects - Standpipes
0
844,846
1,444,846
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
New Infrastructure: Water Parklands/Sunningdale Councils Share of costs
1,000,000
159,456
8,159,456
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Upgrade and Installation of new Sewer infrastructure in Kuilsriver in terms of the sewer master
plan
1,000,000
334,609
6,734,609
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Flood Disaster Wallacedene Sewer Upgrade
0
407,994
982,291
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
New Infrastructure: Sewage Parklands/Sunningdale Councils Share of costs
4,000,000
13,288,400
24,288,400
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Construction of new water main to service a new low cost housing project (200-300 erven) at
the Somerset West 10Ha site.
0
0
0
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Construction of new sewer pump station and sewer mains to service a new low cost housing
project at the Somerset West 10Ha site.
0
0
0
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
P/Station Dist 9 : Blomtuin - Ops Man
0
0
149,183
REV
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Sanitation - Portable Toilets (Eradication of Container Buckets)
10,000,000
0
52,000,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Sanitation
3,000,000
0
6,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Potsdam Outfall - De Grendal/ Doornbach pump station and rising main
0
0
0
BICL
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlement Proj - Standpipes
1,000,000
0
2,000,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Install 60m of cured in place lining to 600mm foul sewer crossing Ratanga road
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Install 32m of cured in place lining to 600mm foul sewer crossing Bosmansdam Road road
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Slip Line 700mm main outfall sewer in Pentz Drive Table View
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Alterations and additions to water mains
2,500,000
0
14,800,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Alterations and additions to Treated Effluent mains
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Alterations and additions to sewer mains
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Address Grey Water
225,000
0
1,175,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Address Grey Water
0
0
235,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Sand & Rag Trap in main Sewer Line
1,000,000
0
2,800,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Sand & Rag Trap in main Sewer Line
250,000
0
500,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Upgrading and installation of new sewer infrastructure in Somerset West in terms of the sewer
master plan.
5,000,000
0
10,000,000
BICL
Enhancement of Asset
215
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
RETIC
Upgrading and installation of new water infrastructure in Somerset West in terms of the water
master plan.
5,000,000
0
10,000,000
RETIC
Upgrade Water Infrastructure - S/West
3,530,000
0
RETIC
Replacement of obsolete electrical panels and pump units to ensure zero percent overflow into
the environment.
0
0
RETIC
Replacements of electrical motors and drives which are obsolete, rising main at capacity, gravity 0
section at capacity and in a poor state, upgrading essential to prevent overflows into the
environment.
0
RETIC
Upgrading of main sewer in Lourensford Road :due to collapses and under capacity for new
developments.
0
0
RETIC
Phase 3 rehabilitation of 500m Liesbeek interceptor sewer
0
0
0
CRR
New Asset
RETIC
Rehabilitate maitland sewer at Valkenberg
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Replacement of egg-shaped sewer collector in Langa
3,200,000
0
7,000,000
MIG
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replacement of egg-shaped sewer collector in Langa
500,000
0
1,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replacement of pitch fibre sewer in Station Park - Guguletu
100,000
0
200,000
MIG
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replacement of pitch fibre sewer in Station Park - Guguletu
100,000
0
200,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Pitch Fibre Sewer Replacement in Grassy Park/Ocean View/Kirstenhof etc.
1,500,000
0
4,500,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade and Replace Sewer Infratsructure where repair is no longer a sustianbale option
0
0
0
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Fish Hoek Outfall Sewer - Replacement of Badly Corroded Asbestos Cement Pipeline
1,200,000
0
7,600,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Blue Route Interceptor Sewer - Replacement of Badly Corroded Concrete Pipeline
3,750,000
0
4,750,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
~ Wallacedene Sewer: upgrade of existing network for additional flow from new Wallacedene
development
0
0
1,650,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Wallacedene Sewer: upgrade of existing network for additional flow from new Wallacedene
development
670,000
0
1,170,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Basic Sanitation: Informal Settlements
1,000,000
0
3,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Sanitation Upgrade: Informal Settlements
1,105,000
0
3,605,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
New Sewer Line - Northern Area - Thornton
10,000,000
0
110,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgrade Sewer Network
0
0
0
CRR
New Asset
RETIC
Upgrade and extentions at the 18 water pump stations in Somerset West.
0
0
0
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Bulk sewer connection main for Erf 18834 housing development. MIG.
10,000,000
0
20,000,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Bulk sewer connection main for Erf 18834 housing development. MIG.
2,000,000
0
4,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Construction of new water main to service a new low cost housing project at Macassar, Erf
2633.
10,000,000
0
20,000,000
MIG
New Asset
216
BICL
Enhancement of Asset
4,630,000
BICL
New Asset
0
CRR
Replacement of Asset
0
CRR
Replacement of Asset
0
BICL
Enhancement of Asset
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
RETIC
Construction of new water main to service a new low cost housing project at Macassar, Erf
2633.
2,000,000
0
4,000,000
EFF
New Asset
SS
Laboratory Equipment: Replacement/Additional
1,500,000
0
8,700,000
EFF
New Asset
SS
Refurbishment of Labs
800,000
0
2,100,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Basic Sanitation: Informal Settlements
0
0
0
STA
Enhancement of Asset
SS
New Scientific Services Building
0
0
0
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
SUP
Replace Stolen Laptops
0
0
26,892
REV
Replacement of Asset
SUP
Furniture & Equipment
1,500,000
0
9,500,000
EFF
New Asset
SUP
IT Equipment Replacement
0
0
0
CRR
Replacement of Asset
SUP
IT Equipment Replacement
1,500,000
0
7,500,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
WDM
Water Demand Management
0
21,476,082
21,476,082
CRR
New Asset
WDM
Water Demand Management
0
0
2,000,000
EFF
New Asset
WWT
Gordons Bay Wastewater Treatment Works
0
127,345
3,200,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Klipheuwel Wastewater Treatment Works
0
0
1,150,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Infrastructure Replace/Refurbish - WWT-CRR
15,000,000
0
120,000,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
WWT
Infrastructure Replace/Refurbish - WWT-EFF
0
0
16,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
WWT
Expansion of Wastewater Treatment Works
15,000,000
0
120,000,000
EFF
New Asset
WWT
Melkbos WWTW-Upgrade & extensions
740,000
116,463
116,189,999
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Wesfleur WWTW-Upgrade & extensions
0
60,000
43,060,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Scottsdene WWTW-Upgrade & extensions
10,000,000
1,906,383
50,670,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Zandvliet WWTW-Extensions
0
2,604,008
71,199,999
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Kraaifontein WWTW-Upgrade
0
2,982,651
25,000,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Mitchell's Plain WWTW-Upgrade
0
2,629,115
11,999,999
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Bellville WWTW-Upgrade & extensions
15,000,000
548,981
129,600,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Cape Flats WWTW-Upgrade
0
2,000,000
43,300,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Athlone WWTW-Upgrade
0
1,727,182
74,200,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Borcherds Quarry WWTW-Upgrade
0
459,290
565,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Potsdam Wastewater Treatment Works
63,000,000
39,981,393
201,181,393
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
New Northern WWTW-Fisantekraal-EFF
0
0
45,700,000
EFF
New Asset
WWT
Fisantekraal Wastewater Treatment Works-MIG
10,000,000
0
40,000,000
MIG
New Asset
WWT
Macassar Wastewater Treatment Works
0
0
8,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Sundry equipment at various WWTW
300,000
0
2,750,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
WWT
Borcherds Quarry WWTW
0
0
18,500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
217
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
EAMS
Consolidated Plans Filing System
500,000
0
500,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Risk & Safety AssessmentTools
386,000
0
386,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Tools & Equipment (Mech)
100,000
0
470,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Condition Monitoring Equipment
118,000
0
118,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Tools & Equipment (Design & Contracts)
50,000
0
90,000
EFF
New Asset
EAMS
Tools & Equipment (PCS)
114,000
0
204,000
EFF
New Asset
WWT
Simons Town WWTW-Upgrade
0
0
2,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Green Point Marine Outfall & Pump Station-Upgrade
4,000,000
0
6,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WWT
Hout Bay Marine Outfall & Pump Station-Upgrade
0
0
5,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Leak detection and repairs on bulk and retic infrastructure
0
0
2,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Implementation of plumbing retrofit programme
0
0
2,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Installation of flow-control devices city-wide
5,000,000
0
17,500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Fisantekraal Pressure Management Scheme
1,500,000
0
1,500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Mitchells Plain Pressure Management Scheme
2,500,000
0
4,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Atlantis Pressure Management Scheme
1,000,000
0
1,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Du Noon Pressure Management Scheme
0
0
2,500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Strand portion Pressure Management Scheme
0
0
4,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Athlone portion Pressure Management Scheme
0
0
4,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Macassar Treated effluent provision
0
0
12,700,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
TE Infrastructure
2,500,000
0
10,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Scottsdene Treated effluent provision
0
0
5,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
WDM
Athlone Treated effluent provision
10,000,000
0
30,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
BW
Process Equipment Modifications
2,210,000
0
8,549,000
EFF
New Asset
BW
Multiple - Base Bulk Water Capex Budget
3,800,000
0
35,184,100
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
TOC Infrastructure Development
6,000,000
0
10,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade Wood Road/ Belgravia Serwer
2,000,000
0
2,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Small Plant & Equipment
3,000,000
0
9,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Complete link from De Grendel Reservior to Montaque gardens. Final Phase 500mm Along N7
7,000,000
6,708,772
13,708,772
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Contermans Kloof Zone Water Mains - Link from Existing Trunk Main in Parklands Main Rd to
New Contermans kloof Reservior
6,000,000
0
26,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Pitch Fibre Sewers- Replacement /Rehab Citywide
15,000,000
0
45,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Pelican Park water Main
0
0
0
EFF
New Asset
218
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
RETIC
Pelican Park water Main
0
0
0
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Pelican Park Sewer Main
0
0
0
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Pelican Park Sewer Main
0
0
0
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Sewer Eyethu Khayelitsha
1,782,000
0
1,782,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Water Line Greenpoint Khayelitsha
2,341,000
0
2,341,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Sewer Eyethu Khayelitsha
534,600
0
534,600
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Water Line Greenpoint Khayelitsha
702,300
0
702,300
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Somerset West Business Park Main Sewer lower leg.
6,200,000
0
6,200,000
BICL
New Asset
RETIC
Renovation and alterations Melton Rose Depot buildings
450,000
0
450,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Renovation and alterations Strand Depot buildings
600,000
0
600,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Sewage pumping station upgrades and replacements.
700,000
0
700,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Provision of water to Croydon.
350,000
0
350,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Provision of sewerage to Croydon.
3,600,000
0
3,600,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Provision of water to Gordon/Strand Estate.
175,000
0
175,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Provision of sewerage to Gordon/Strand Estate.
450,000
0
450,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Replace and upgrade water infrastucture District 4.
5,000,000
0
16,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replace and upgrade sewer infrastucture District 4.
5,000,000
0
15,000,000
EFF
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Presure management & flow Control Mitchells plain
500,000
0
2,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Replace & Upgrade Mains & Res Fencing
3,500,000
0
3,500,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade Replace & Extend Sewer Infrastructure
2,500,000
0
13,200,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Pelikan Park New Housing Dev water Infrastructure
2,000,000
0
4,000,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Pelikan Park New Housing Development Sewer Infrastructure
2,000,000
0
4,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Main Road Upgrade Muizenberg to Clovelly Rehab water Infrastructure
7,500,000
0
14,500,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Main Road Upgrade Muizenberg to Clovelly Rehab Sewer Infrastructure
0
0
0
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Main Road Upgrade Muizenberg to Clovelly Replace Dalebrook Sewer Rising Main
0
0
0
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Cape Flats Sewer Reh of manholes
500,000
0
500,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Replacement of Plumstead Sewer
1,500,000
0
1,500,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Replacement of Constantia/Ottery Sewer
2,000,000
0
2,000,000
CRR
Replacement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade of 100 dia sewer pipes in Mitchell's Plain
200,000
0
400,000
EFF
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Upgrade of 100 dia sewer pipes in Mitchell's Plain
0
0
1,500,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Design of Sand Trap Philipi Sewer Browns Farm
200,000
0
200,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Design of Sand Trap Philipi Sewer Browns Farm
0
0
1,500,000
MIG
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Construction of Sand Trap Philipi Sewer Browns Farm
0
0
1,500,000
MIG
New Asset
219
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Branch
WBS Element Description (Long Text)
Revised
Provision
2007_2008
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Anaerobic Toilets
18,100,000
0
72,400,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Settlements : Anaerobic Toilets
9,000,000
0
36,000,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Setlement Serwer Installations
5,000,000
0
20,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Informal Setlement water Installations
4,000,000
0
16,000,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Sewer Eyethu Khayelitsha
1,782,000
0
1,782,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Water Line Greenpoint Khayelitsha
2,341,000
0
2,341,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Sewer Eyethu Khayelitsha
534,600
0
534,600
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Water Line Greenpoint Khayelitsha
702,300
0
702,300
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Sewer Eyethu Khayelitsha
0
0
1,564,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Master Plan : Bulk Water Sabata Dalindyebo Khayelitsha
0
0
3,282,000
MIG
New Asset
RETIC
Inf. Settlements : Fire Hydrants Pillar Type for easy use
1,000,000
0
4,200,000
EFF
New Asset
RETIC
Rehabilitation of Liesbeek Interceptor Sewer
2,500,000
0
10,500,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Rehabilitate Maitland Sewer at Valkenberg
1,500,000
0
1,500,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Rehabilitation Main Rd Green Point Sewer
750,000
0
3,150,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Relining 250m of egg shaped sewer on Rondebosch golf course
750,000
0
750,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Cape Flats Interceptor 2 - Hazel Rd to Cape Flats WWTW - rehabilitation of 100 manholes
500,000
0
500,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Cape Flats Interceptor 2 - cleaning pipeline from Hazel Rd to Lansdowne Rd
1,000,000
0
2,000,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
RETIC
Cape Flats Interceptor 1 - cleaning pipeline from Hazel Rd to Lansdowne Rd
1,000,000
0
2,000,000
CRR
Enhancement of Asset
10.2
Prior Years
Expenditure
Total Project Cost Funding Investment Reason
Source
Future Trends and Goals
The City has accepted that the upgrade and extension of infrastructure is key to ensuring an efficient, effective and sustainable
Water and Sanitation Service. All the projects necessary to achieve this end are likely to be approved by Council in future years.
10.3
Strategic Gap Analysis
The project list will have to be adjusted to cater for the comprehensive WC&DM Strategy.
10.4
Implementation Strategy
220
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
The financial strategy is the key strategy that will ensure that the necessary projects are implemented. In implementing the
comprehensive WC&DM Strategy the project list will need to be adjusted. Supply side projects will be re-examined.
221
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.11
Key Performance Indicators
F.11.1
Situation Assessment
The actual performance in the balanced scorecard for the financial year 2005/06 is given in the table below: Period: 1 July 2005 to 30
June 2006
Key
Performance
Area/ Objective
1
Key Performance
Indicator
Baseline Target
To ensure the New Services provided to Current
elimination of
households in informal status:
infrastructural settlements
disparities (water
and sanitation)
Expedite N2 Gateway
project
by
timeous
implementation of key
infrastructure projects
o
Increase
d to a
total of:
Target
%
Amend Actual
Actual
Date Weighti ed % performance as Performance as
ng
weighti at 31 December at 31 March 2006
ng
2005
.
.
.
Actual
Comments/Reason for final score
Performance
as at 30 June
2006
.
.
.
.
3400
water
taps
4340
water
taps
30Jun-06
5%
5%
4158
4422
5662
Target exceeded by 1322 which represents 240% in
delivery. Due to extreme circumstances in informal
settlements i.e. tensions between community and the City,
required negotiations and interventions, Water had to put a
structure in place and change staff mindset to focus on
service provision in informal settlements. This was highly
efffective.
8400
toilets
10700
toilets
30Jun-06
5%
5%
9825
11007
11810
The same structure mentioned for taps were also very
effective for toilet installation and maintenance.
·
Project
30Design
68%
Jun-06
commenc complete
ed
5%
5%
Project
Delft sewer project 75% complete Delft Sewer project was a turnkey project with milestone
implementation 46,3% complete
payment, with zero payment if not met - motivator for
25.2% complete
contractor.
The pipe-laying teams were increased during dry season to
maximise progress.
Delft Sewer
o Zandvliet Wastewater
Treatment Plant extension
WWTW project delayed due to major change in scope from
10Ml/d to 18Ml/d.
·
50%
30Design
complete Jun-06
commenc
ed
5%
5%
20%
20%
< 10% (design 10% complete
completed)
222
12.5%
completed
Project delayed due to consultants changing the scope of
the project along the way. This was an aspect which was
out of the City's control, hence delivery was the as good as
it could be under the circumstances.
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Key
Performance
Area/ Objective
Key Performance
Indicator
Baseline Target
Target
%
Amend Actual
Actual
Date Weighti ed % performance as Performance as
ng
weighti at 31 December at 31 March 2006
ng
2005
Actual
Comments/Reason for final score
Performance
as at 30 June
2006
2 To
ensure % of Households with · Water: 97%
universal access access to basic levels of 96 %
to basic services water and sanitation
(water
and
sanitation), solid
waste
and
electricity services
30Jun-06
3%
3%
99.20%
99.90%
100%
· Sanita 92%
tion: 91%
30Jun-06
3%
3%
94.10%
94.80%
95.40%
30Jun-06
2%
2%
97.40%
99.70%
100%
30Jun-06
2%
2%
81.3%
83.60%
85.50%
10%
10%
4%
4%
16.0%
14.7%
27.7%
% of Households earning ·
less than R1 100 with Water:
access to basic levels of 87%
water and sanitation
88%
· Sanitati 46%
on: 36%
3 To ensure the
management
of
water demand and
supply
%
reduction
on
unconstrained
consumption
through
implementation of Water
Demand
Management
plan in metropolitan area
16.4%
16.4%
30reductio Jun-06
n
on
June
2006
projecte
d water
demand
WDM initiated many projects including:
Pressure Management Mfuleni & Gugulethu (17 000
homes),
Innovative Leaks projects: 1 200 indigent homes,
Potsdam Treated effluent re-use expansion from 7Ml/d to
24Ml/d,
Normal Awareness campaigns.
Success due to Policy, strategy and detailed business plan.
Completion
of
key .
projects
to
ensure
augmentation of bulk
water resources:
o TMG Aquifer
.
.
Appeal
Completi 30against
on
of Jun-06
ROD for prelimina
.
.
3%
3%
.
.
Preliminary
phase
completed.
Preliminary Phase Feasibility
completed. Await study
DEA
&
DP (Preliminary
223
.
.
Note: Signed MOU outstanding but being followed up; draft
submitted to V&A 13 June.
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Key
Performance
Area/ Objective
Key Performance
Indicator
Baseline Target
Target
%
Amend Actual
Actual
Date Weighti ed % performance as Performance as
ng
weighti at 31 December at 31 March 2006
ng
2005
explorato ry phase
ry drilling and
commen
cement
explorat
ory
phase.
o
Berg Water Dam
Construct
ion
underway
since
Jun-04
Monitori
30ng
Jun-06
impleme
ntation
to 60%
completi
on
to
ensure
commiss
ioning in
2007
3%
Update of Water Services 2004
303%
Development Plan
review
Reviewe Jun-06
(WSDP)
complete d and
d
updated
2005
WSDP
3%
3%
Await DEA &DP approval
approval.
phase)
completed.
Exploratory
and
drilling
contract
advertised
46% completed 48% completed
Monitoring
implementatio
n at 61% to
ensure
commissionin
g in 2007
WSDP
2006/2007
(incorporating
WSDP 2005)
draft completed
and integrated
into IDP.
Annual review
2004/2005
completed and
included in the
City Annual
report.
Target reached now ensuring
participation in
IDP process until
budget approval
2006/07
WSDP
200607 and
Annual review
200405
approved as
part of the City
Annual Report
and IDP
200607.
22.3%
18.9%
% Unaccounted for Water 23.50%
(Overall Retic and Bulk)
22%
30Jun-06
2%
2%
26.0%
%
saving
(Restrictions)
as set by 30DWAF
Jun-06
(10%
reductio
n)
2%
2%
Savings
Savings achieved
achieved
(reduction below
(reduction below Low
Water
Low
Water demand is 14.9%)
demand
is
17.4%)
in
water 75%
Actual
Comments/Reason for final score
Performance
as at 30 June
2006
224
Savings
achieved
(Reduction
below Low
Water
Demand is
Water Balance Working group has been formed, meeting
monthly. Figures are evaluated and areas of loss reduction
have been identified and a plan of action drawn up, with
specific people assigned responsibilities.
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Key
Performance
Area/ Objective
Key Performance
Indicator
Baseline Target
Target
%
Amend Actual
Actual
Date Weighti ed % performance as Performance as
ng
weighti at 31 December at 31 March 2006
ng
2005
Actual
Comments/Reason for final score
Performance
as at 30 June
2006
13%)
4 To ensure
sound
management
wastewater
the % completion
waste
water
of including:
of key .
facilities
.
20%
20%
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Athlone treatment facility
Upgrade
75%
complete
d
Upgrade 3076%
Jun-06
complete
d
2%
2%
75%
75%
79%
Potsdam
5%
30complete Upgrade Jun-06
15%
complete
5%
5%
8%
15%
32%
(<1%)Consultan
t appointment
Report is with
SCMBAC for
Approval
Consultant
appointment
Report is with
SCMBAC for
approval
Competitive
Project was delayed as a result of unsuccessful land
bidding for
negotiations and has as such been postponed indefinitely
consultants.
until the issues around land are resolved.
Design to
commence
once
appointed.
Project
postponed
due to no
implementatio
n funds
Fisantekraal New Works Planning Detail
304%
stage
design Jun-06
complete
d
4%
Melkbos/Potsdam EIA
In
concept
Scoping
30studies Jun-06
submitte
d
4%
4%
Scoping studies Scoping studies Scoping
.
80% completed. 80% complete
studies
submitted and
approval
obtained DEA
& DP
% treated waste water
parameters compliant with
DWAF’s
effluent
standards for safe &
effective waste water
treatment
and
60%
complian
ce
to
DWAF
effluent
standard
75%
30complian Jun-06
ce
to
DWAF
effluent
standard
5%
5%
73.0%
225
71.9%
73.9%
Target missed by only 1% due to the unexpected power
outages. Moreover the approved budget provision of R150
mill from Council failed to materialise. And this
compromised the achievement of compliance.
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Key
Performance
Area/ Objective
Key Performance
Indicator
conveyance
Baseline Target
s
5 To support job Align work programme on Water:
creation and skills both
Capital
and 120
development
Operating
budget
to
achieve corporate EPWP
targets for S&I
6 To manage the
Finances
and
Human Resources
of the Directorate
so
that
the
Directorated
achieves
its
objectives and is
legislatively
compliant
Target
%
Amend Actual
Actual
Date Weighti ed % performance as Performance as
ng
weighti at 31 December at 31 March 2006
ng
2005
Actual
Comments/Reason for final score
Performance
as at 30 June
2006
s
Water:
150
30Jun-06
20%
20%
10%
10%
10%
10%
.
290
44%
91%
% of capital budget spent 75%
95%
305%
Jun-06
% variance against
operating budget
100%
Exp and
100%
income
0%
30-Jun- 3%
over
06
expen
diture
3%
Exp -3.0%, Inc
+12.0%
Exp +1.0%,
Inc +13.8%
Fully GAMAP compliant
register of assets
If
100% 30-Jun- 2%
immovab
06
le 100% - if
movable
80%
2%
100%
Immovable
100%,
movable
94.2%
% BEE procurement of
total procurement value
-
0%
Could not be
determined follow up with
Procurement
Overall
decision to not
measure it
40%
5%
290
30-Jun- 4%
06
226
Innovative use of temporary labour to affect improvements
in service in informal and indigent areas, while enabling
skills transfer and empowerment.
Annual
detailed
stocktake
undertaken,
GAMAP
classification undertaken, movable assets identified with
barcode and room barcode.
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Key
Performance
Area/ Objective
Key Performance
Indicator
Baseline Target
Target
%
Amend Actual
Actual
Date Weighti ed % performance as Performance as
ng
weighti at 31 December at 31 March 2006
ng
2005
Actual
Comments/Reason for final score
Performance
as at 30 June
2006
% Achievement of
Employment Equity
requirement as per plan
New
100% 30-Jun- 2%
06
0%
Employment
Overall
strategy
decision to not
developed, reps
measure it
trained, ManCo
sensitised, EE
targets dependant
on filling of critical
posts, awareness
to be rolled out 15
May 06.
% Directorate budget
spent on Skills
Development
0.42%
1% of 30-Jun- 2%
wage 06
bill
2%
98% of allocation
is spent.
Allocation is 60%
of 1%.
137% of
training
allocation is
spent by
saving on
other
expenses
such as
Conferences.
Focussed effort in training by responsible persons have
shown results.
WSP 7 was
completed.
Levels
of
staff Level 2
performance managed
All levels 30to level 3 Jun-06
2%
2%
20%
14%
.
227
All levels 2-3
All levels 2-3
Levels 2,3 & 4 performance managed
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
F.11.2
Future Trends and Targets
The balanced scorecard for Utility Services which includes Water and Sanitation Services for the financial year 2006/07 is given
in the table below:
IDP Themes
BSC
Persp.
KPA/
Objective
Equitable
and Efficient
Service
Delivery
Community
To provide
universal access
to basic services
Equitable
and Efficient
Service
Delivery
Community
To eliminate
infrastructural
disparities
CSC
Link
Indicator
Unit of Measure
Baseline as at 30
June 2006
Annual Target for 30
June 2007
3.2 % of households with
access to basic levels
1
of water
%
100%
100%
Jaco De Bruyn: Michael Page: Provision of basic water services in
informal settlements, infrastructure
no of taps in informal
settlements
serving
low-cost
housing
developments
3.3 % of households with
access to basic levels
1
of sanitation
%
95.4%
96.9%
Jaco De Bruyn: Michael Page: Provision of basic sanitation
No of toilets in informal
services in informal settlements,
settlements
infrastructure serving low-cost
housing developments
%
of
households
earning
less
than
R1100 with access to
2
basic levels of water
%
100%
100%
Jaco De Bruyn: Michael Page: Provision of basic water services in
informal settlements, infrastructure
no of taps in informal
settlements
serving
low-cost
housing
developments
%
of
households
earning
less
than
R1100 with access to
basic
levels
of
2
sanitation
%
85.5%
86.1%
Jaco De Bruyn: Michael Page: Provision of basic sanitation
services in informal settlements,
No of toilets in informal
settlements
infrastructure serving low-cost
housing developments
No. of Water Taps in
informal settlements
Number
2262 taps installed
during one year
938 taps installed
Jaco De Bruyn: Michael Page: Provision of basic water services in
informal settlements
no of taps in informal
settlements
No. of Toilets in
informal settlements
Number
3410 toilets installed
during one year
3490 toilets installed
Jaco De Bruyn: Michael Page: Provision of basic sanitation
services in informal settlements
No of toilets in informal
settlements
228
Responsible Information
Coordinator in Utility
Services
Strategy/ Programme
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
IDP Themes
Equitable
and Efficient
Service
Delivery
BSC
Persp.
Community
KPA/
Objective
To manage water
demand and
supply
CSC
Link
Indicator
Unit of Measure
Baseline as at 30
June 2006
Annual Target for 30
June 2007
Responsible Information
Coordinator in Utility
Services
Strategy/ Programme
% implementation of
key
infrastructure
projects synchronised
to
N2
Gateway
requirements:
Delft
Sewer
% implementation of
key
infrastructure
projects synchronised
to
N2
Gateway
requirements:
Zandvliet
WWTW
extension
%
Project 75%
complete
Project 100%
completed
Jaco De Bruyn: Anic Smit
progress report
N2 Gateway project (Delft WWTW)
%
Project 12.5%
completed
5.1 %
reduction
on
unconstrained
water
demand curve through
implementation
of
water
demand
programme
Completion of key
projects to ensure
augmentation of bulk
water
resources:
Desalinisation Plant
%
27.7%
29%
Milestone
description
Feasibility study
completed. MOU
drafted and
commitment to sign
Formal Agreement
with V&A Waterfront
signed.
Jaco De Bruyn: Kevin Samson N2 Gateway project
89% complete for
progress report
WWTW)
commissioning
(provided an Appeal by
a contractor does not
delay construction)
(Zandvliet
Jaco De Bruyn: Charmaine Water Demand Management
Armstrong Bulk water treated
figure
supply
augmentation/
Jaco De Bruyn: Paul Rhode: Water
progress report
Desalinisation Pilot project
% completion of key % and milestone
Project 41%
Project 60% complete.
projects to ensure
description
complete.
Completion of
augmentation of bulk
Completion of
exploratory drilling
water resources: TMG
prelimary phase and
(physical drilling)
Aquifer
commencement of
exploratory phase
Jaco De Bruyn: Paul Rhode: Water supply augmentation/TMG
progress report
Aquifer Project
% completion of key % and milestone
projects to ensure
description
augmentation of bulk
water resources: Berg
River Dam
Jaco De Bruyn: Paul Rhode: Water supply augmentation/Berg
progress report
River Water Project (Bulk water
OPEX)
Project 63%
complete with
construction
underway
229
Monitoring 90%
completion by DWAF
to ensure
commisioning in 2007
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
IDP Themes
BSC
Persp.
KPA/
Objective
CSC
Link
Indicator
% unaccounted
water
Equitable
and Efficient
Service
Delivery
Community
Sound
management of
the wastewater
stream through
treatment and
recycling
for
Unit of Measure
Baseline as at 30
June 2006
Annual Target for 30
June 2007
Responsible Information
Coordinator in Utility
Services
Strategy/ Programme
%
18.9%
17.5%
Jaco De Bruyn: Paul Rhode
UAW calc
Bulk Meter verification project,
Universal metering programme
and ongoing meter (and pipe)
replacement
73.9%
76.0%
Jaco De Bruyn: Peter king
effluent compliance monthly
report as for PC
Upgrading and expanding of
Wastewater
treatment
infrastructure (all plants)
32% completion
47% completion
Jaco De Bruyn: Kevin Samson Upgrading and expanding of
progress report
Wastewater
treatment
and
conveyance
infrastructure
(all
plants)
Potsdam
WWTW
(completion by 2008)
Tenders of
consultants being
adjudicated
Project depends on
capital funding.
Present funding not
sufficient to start
project. If funding
becomes available
then potentially 5%
Jaco De Bruyn: Kevin Samson Upgrading and expanding of
progress report
Wastewater
treatment
and
conveyance
infrastructure
(all
plants) - Fisantekraal WWTW
(completion by 2008)
5.2 % treated wastewater
%
parametres compliant
with DWAF's effluent
standards for safe and
effective waste water
treatment
and
conveyance
through
upgrading
of
WW
Treatment works
% completion of key % and milestone
wastewater treatment
description
project:
Potsdam
WWTW
% completion of key % and milestone
wastewater treatment
description
project
completion:
Fisantekraal
new
works
% completion of key
wastewater treatment
projects:
Melkbos
WWTW
To institutionalise 6.2
Batho Pele
Principles to
ensure citizen
dignity and
government
legitimacy
milestone
description
Jaco De Bruyn: Kevin Samson
Scoping studies
Specialist studies
progress report
submitted and
completed for
approval obtained by submission to DEADP
DEA & DP
and possible ROD
Internal
customer
Likert
Satisfaction measured
scale/index
in terms of Likert scale (1-5); Maximise
(1-5)
New
230
3
Corporate
Upgrading and expanding of
Wastewater
treatment
&
conveyance
infrastructure
(all
plants)
Melkbos
WWTW
completed by 2007)
Internal
Survey
customer
Satisfaction
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
IDP Themes
BSC
Persp.
Economic
Community
Development
and Job
Creation
Financial
Sustainability
Financial
Financial
KPA/
Objective
CSC
Link
To support job
creation and skills
development
To optimise
Revenue
collection
1.1
Ensure effective
and efficient
management of
financial resources 1.2
1.3
Indicator
Unit of Measure
Baseline as at 30
June 2006
Annual Target for 30
June 2007
Responsible Information
Coordinator in Utility
Services
Strategy/ Programme
No. of additional jobs
created
Number
300 (excluding work
opportunities
generated through
Sicoca iKapa
programme)
710
Garnett Jefferies
Align work programme on both
Capital and Operating budget to
achieve corporate EPWP targets
% actual collections
against billing
%
87%
95%
Nontando Dube
Maximize income against billing
Development
and
implementation of a
plan to optimise tariffs
(within CPIX + %) for
water and sanitation
Review and
update
Tariff optimisation plan
reviewed and updated
for 07/08 in respect of
affordability and CPIX
Jaco De Bruyn: Paul Rhode
progress report
% items on GAMAP
Compliant
Register
verified
%
expenditure
on
Capital Budget
%
Tariff optimisation
plan reviewed and
updated for 06/07 in
respect of
affordability and
CPIX
88.8%
>90%
Nontando Dube
Asset register
%
92.5%
95%
Nontando Dube
Monthly monitoring of projects and
monthly tracking of Capital spend
against projected cash flow
%
expenditure
Operating Budget
on
%
99.6%
95% - 100%
Nontando Dube
Ensure minimal variance on
Operating budget expenditure to
allocation
%
expenditure on
operational
maintenance budget
%
97.3%
95%
Nontando Dube
Maintainance & Upgrades
231
Tariffs
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
IDP Themes
Financial
Sustainability
BSC
Persp.
KPA/
Objective
Internal
Processes
Monitor and
evaluate service
of Long Term
Service Providers
Internal
Processes
To ensure that
effective
administrative and
legal systems and
instruments are
developed and
implemented to
enable the
Council’s Service
Authority role for
effective, efficient
and sustainable
waste
management
through waste
minimisation (as
per MSA S.81)
with minimal
health,
environmental,
resource and
economic impacts
in the City of Cape
Town municipal
area.
CSC
Link
Indicator
Unit of Measure
Baseline as at 30
June 2006
Annual Target for 30
June 2007
Responsible Information
Coordinator in Utility
Services
Development of a
Plan and
Utilities Infrastructure Implementation
Asset
Management
framework
Plan
and
Implementation
Framework
in
compliance
with
MFMA
and/or
Corporate
Asset
Management Policy:
– Water and Sanitation
– Electricity
–
Solid
Waste
Management
New
Utilities Asset
Management Plan and
implementation
framework developed
Nontando Dube
Number
of
SLAs
Number
drawn and monitored
against key service
areas at Directorate
level
Development
and
Phases for
implementation
of development
administrative
and
and
legal systems and implementation
instruments
to of administrative
regulate and ensure
and legal
waste
management systems and
and
waste
instruments
minimisation
New
3
David Paulse
New
City’s input provided to
the national legislative
processes related to
waste management
and waste
minimisation
Alfonso van Vuuren
Promulgated and
implemented
Integrated Waste
Management By-law
232
Strategy/ Programme
Asset Management Plan
Implementation framework
Business
agreements
and
improvement
Strategic Planning and By-Laws
-
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
IDP Themes
BSC
Persp.
KPA/
Objective
Internal
Processes
To achieve
optimum policies,
service
mechanisms and
structures
Organisation
and Learning
CSC
Link
To ensure Skills 8.2
development,
talent
management and
employment equity 8.1
to support Human
Capital
Development
To build a culture
of excellence
To ensure a
Positive Employee
Climate
Indicator
Unit of Measure
Baseline as at 30
June 2006
New
Development
and % development
implementation of a and implentation
of plan
Risk
Management
strategy
and
implementation plan to
minimise
service
3
disruption
% implementation of
%
To be determined at
WSP in line with plan
end of 05/06
financial year
% Implementation of
EE Plan in line with the
Corporate
Strategy
i.r.o.
new
appointments
7.1 %
compliance
to
performance
management
policy
(including Lev 4 and
below)
% improvement in the
positive
emloyee
climate (using staff
Satisfaction
Survey,
Likert 1-5 Scale)
Annual Target for 30
June 2007
Responsible Information
Coordinator in Utility
Services
100%
David Paulse
80%
Nqobile Damane
Implementation of WSP
Implementation of EE Plan
%
New
>98%
Nqobile Damane
%
System and
procedures
implemented for IPM
Lev 1-3
100%
David Paulse
(Likert 1-5
Scale)
New
3
Corporate
1
Strategy/ Programme
Strategic Planning/Risk Register
IPM System
Employee survey
Legislated NKPI - quarterly reporting to include number of households receiving basic services in addition to percentage
Legislated NKPI - quarterly reporting to include number of households receiving basic services in addition to percentage. Measure subject to the availability
of an accurate estimate of households earning less than R1100
3
Subject to a Corporate Risk Management framework and implementation plan
2
233
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
IDP Annexure E:
Draft Corporate Scorecard for 2007 – 2012
Core Objective
Baseline
30.6.2007
Target
30.6.2008
Target
30.6.2009
Target
30.6.2010
Target
30.6.2011
Target
30.6.2012
Evidence
Strategic focus area 1: Shared Economic Growth and Development
1A Create an enabling environment for the economy to grow (objective 1.1 – 1.10)
1A.1 Number of direct job
opportunities created (NKPI)
> 7000
7700
8600
9700
11000
13000
Annual report
1A.2 Rand Value of direct
investment
> or = R 2 billion
R2,2 bn
R2,5bn
R2,6bn
R3,1bn
R3,6 bn
Annual report
1B Preparations for hosting the FIFA 2010 World Cup in accordance with FIFA’s requirements and the City’s developmental objectives (Objective 1.11)
1B.1 Conformity with agreed
programme to the City’s Business
Plan
New
100%
100%
Strategic focus area 2: Sustainable Urban Infrastructure and Services
2A Universal access to basic service (objectives 2.1)
234
100%
Annual report
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
2A.1 Percentage of households
with access to basic levels of
sanitation (NKPI)
96,9%
2A.2 Percentage of households
with access to basic level of water
(NKPI)
100%
97,5%
98,1%
98,8%
99,4%
100%
Quarterly reports
5-year plan to
eradicate
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Quarterly reports
2B Conservation of natural resources (Objectives 2.2 – 2.5)
2B.1 Percentage reduction in
unconstrained water demand
29%
30%
33%
36%
38%
40%
Annual report
2B.2 Percentage compliance with
4 critical DWAF effluent standards
(E-coli count, Ammonia content,
Oxygen demanding substances,
Total suspended solids)
76%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
Annual report
2B.3 Ensure recreational waters
(bathing beaches, vleis, lagoons,
etc) comply with applicable water
quality standards to safeguard
public health
75% of points
sampled comply
76%
78%
80%
82%
85%
Annual report
2C Effective management of City’s Infrastructure and Resources (Objectives 2.6 – 2.7)
235
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
2.C.1 Development and
Implementation of a planned
infrastructure maintenance
programme iro Electricity,
Sewerage, Water and Roads &
Stormwater, Solid Waste disposal
New
Integrated
Infrastructure
Plan developed
and approved
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
for Year 1
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
for Year 2
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
for Year 3
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
for Year 4
Quarterly reports
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
Annual report
Strategic focus area 3: Public Transport Systems
Strategic focus area 4: Integrated Human Settlements
4A Improve and develop Integrated Human Settlements (Objectives 4.1 – 4.3)
4A.1 Development and adherence
to Integrated Human Development
plan (HIS) plan
New
HIS
developed
approved
plan
and
4B Delivery of housing opportunities (Objectives 4.4 – 4.8)
4B.1 Number of new housing
opportunities provided per year
8 335
10 200
11 000
12 000
12 000
12 000
Quarterly reports
4B.2 Development and
implementation of an Informal
Settlement Upgrade plan
New
Informal
settlement
Upgrade
developed
approved
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
Annual Report
Plan
and
236
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
Strategic focus area 5: Safety and Security
Strategic focus area 6: Social and Human Capital Development
6A Facilitating the development of a healthy and socially inclusive society (Objectives 6.1 – 6.5)
Strategic focus area 7: Good governance and regulatory form
7A Ensuring enhanced service delivery with efficient institutional arrangements (Objectives 7.1 – 7.2; 7.4 & 7.6)
7A.1 Development and adherence
to a comprehensive HR
development strategy
Comprehensive
HR development
strategy Plan as
per
statutory
requirements
completed
and
approved
100%
compliance with
plan
specifications of
Year 1
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
of year 2
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
of year 3
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
of year 4
100%
compliance
with
plan
specifications
of year 5
7a2 Development and
implementation of Quality
Management Programme
Quality
Management
Programme
developed
and
approved
10% of identified
services/
functions
ISO
certified
20%
of
identified
services/
functions ISO
certified
50%
of
identified
services/
functions ISO
certified
70%
of
identified
services/
functions ISO
certified
100%
of
identified
services/
functions ISO
certified
237
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
7A.3 Improved turnaround time of
tender procurement processes in
accordance with procurement plan
8 weeks
7A.4 Development of and
percentage adherence to Project
Plan for integration of GIS, LIS
and SAP
Integration
Project
developed
approved
7A.5 Gearing the City for improved
Service delivery
Council approved
Operating Model
implemented by
Council
Plan
and
8 weeks
8 weeks
7 weeks
7 weeks
6 weeks
100%
compliance with
strategy
specifications for
Year 1
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 2
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 3
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 4
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 5
100%
compliance with
strategy
specifications for
Year 1
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 2
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 3
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 4
100%
compliance
with strategy
specifications
for Year 5
7B Management of key financial areas such as income control, cash flow, indigent support, alternative income opportunities, asset management and
risk management. (Objective 7.5 – 7.6)
7B.1 Net Debtors to Annual
Income
21.07%
20%
20%
19,75%
19,75%
19,70%
Annual Financial
Statement
7B.2 Debt coverage by own billed
revenue (NKPI)
4.31:1
4.31:1
4.31:1
4.30:1
4.30:1
4.30:1
Annual Financial
Statement
7B.3 Percentage of City’s Capital
budget spent (NKPI)
95%
95%
96%
97%
98%
98%
Audited financial
statements
[Ratio of outstanding service
debtors to revenue actually
received for services (NKPI)]
238
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
7B.4 Percentage of City’s
operating budget spent
95%
95%
96%
97%
98%
98%
Audited financial
statements
7B.5 Ratio of cost coverage
maintained
2.60:1
2.60:1
2.50:1
2.45:1
2.45:1
2.46:1
Annual Financial
Statement
7B.6 Revenue collected as a
percentage of billed amount
94%
95,5%
96%
97%
98%
98%
Finance
Management
Report
7B.7 Percentage reduction in the
number of recurring findings
emanating from Internal Audit
New
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Quarterly Audit
Committee
Report
7B.8 Unqualified Audit from
Auditor General
Unqualified audit
received from AG
Unqualified audit
received
from
AG
Unqualified
audit received
from AG
Unqualified
audit received
from AG
Unqualified
audit received
from AG
Unqualified
audit received
from AG
Receipt of clean
audit report for
financial
year
2006/2007
7B.9 Maintain City’s credit rating
A1+ (short term)
A1+ (short term)
A1+(short
term)
A1+
term)
(short
A1+
term)
(short
A1+
term)
(short
Credit
report
AA- (long term)
AA- (long term)
AAterm)
AAterm)
(long
AAterm)
(long
AAterm)
(long
(long
7C Establish effective community engagement channels (Objective 7.7 – 7.8)
7C.1 Number of functioning ward
participatory structures
105
105
105
239
105
105
105
Rating
City of Cape Town WSDP 2007/08 to 2011/12
7C.2 Community satisfaction
score measured in terms of the
Likert scale (1-5)
3
4
4
240
4
4
5
6 Monthly
Customer
Perception
Survey report