*FM 34-130/MCRP 2-12A
FIELD MANUAL
HEADQUARTERS
No. 34-130
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Washington, DC, 10 December 1999
INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ....................................................... vi
INTRODUCTION
vii
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO IPB ..............................
What is IPB? ..............................................
IPB Process ...............................................
How IPB Interrelates to the Six Intelligence Tasks ........
Who Conducts IPB? .........................................
Doctrine Versus Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures .......
Planning in a Time-Constrained Environment ................
End Result of a Strong IPB Analysis .......................
1-1
1-1
1-2
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-11
1-12
CHAPTER 2 – BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ..............
Define the Battlefield Environment ........................
Characteristics of the Environment ........................
Describe the Battlefield’s Effects ........................
Specific Steps to Describe the Battlefield’s Effects ......
Describe the Battlefield’s Effects on Threat and Friendly
Capabilities and Broad COAs .............................
Electronic Preparation of the Battlefield (EPB) ...........
2-1
2-2
2-2
2-6
2-6
CHAPTER 3 – THREAT EVALUATION ................................
Evaluate the Threat .......................................
Threat Evaluation Process .................................
Identify Threat Capabilities ..............................
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-9
CHAPTER 4 – COURSE OF ACTION DEVELOPMENT .....................
Determine Threat Courses of Action ........................
Steps to COA Development ..................................
The Abbreviated IPB Process ...............................
4-1
4-1
4-3
4-17
CHAPTER 5 – COA ANALYSIS, WARGAMING, AND COA COMPARISON ......
G2/S2 Role in the Wargame Process .........................
Wargaming Responsibilities ................................
Eight Steps of Wargaming ..................................
General Rules of Wargaming ................................
Wargame the Battle ........................................
5-1
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-6
5-7
2-29
2-30
i
FM 34-130/MCRP 2-12A
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution
is unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FM 34-130, 8 July 1994.
Prioritizing Intelligence Requirements .................... 5-8
The Intelligence Synchronization Matrix ................... 5-9
Wargame Results ........................................... 5-10
COA Comparison ............................................ 5-11
Decision Matrix Technique ................................. 5-11
COA Approval .............................................. 5-13
Commander’s Decision Briefing ............................. 5-13
Summary ................................................... 5-13
CHAPTER 6 – TARGETING AND THE IPB PROCESS ....................
Overview ..................................................
Targeting .................................................
Decide ....................................................
Detect ....................................................
Deliver ...................................................
Assess ....................................................
Target Process Products ...................................
Targeting Challenges ......................................
6-1
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-3
6-3
6-5
6-10
CHAPTER 7 – MULTIDISCIPLINE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND THREAT
INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE
7-1
Introduction .............................................. 7-1
MDCI Analysis ............................................. 7-1
MDCI and IPB .............................................. 7-2
Threat Assessment ......................................... 7-2
Counterreconnaissance ..................................... 7-5
Target Development ........................................ 7-7
Foreign Intelligence Services ............................. 7-7
Stability Operations and Support Operations ............... 7-8
Threat and Vulnerability Assessment ....................... 7-9
Conclusion ................................................ 7-11
CHAPTER 8 – IPB SUPPORT TO FORCE PROTECTION ..................
What is Force Protection? .................................
Who is Responsible ........................................
Risk Management ...........................................
Risk Assessment ...........................................
Intelligence Support to the Force Protection Plan .........
Step 1: Identify Hazards ..................................
Step 2: Assess Hazards to Determine the Risks .............
Step 3: Develop Controls and Make Risk Decisions ..........
Step 4: Implement Controls ................................
Step 5: Supervise and Evaluate ............................
IPB Support to Force Protection ...........................
Intelligence Support to the Force Protection Plan .........
Intelligence Role .........................................
The Threat ................................................
ii
8-1
8-1
8-1
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-8
8-12
8-14
8-15
8-17
8-17
8-18
8-19
*FM 34-130/MCRP 2-12A
CHAPTER 9 - IPB FOR STABILITY OPERATIONS .....................
Introduction .............................................
Peace Operations .........................................
IPB Steps to Peace Operations .............................
Noncombatant Operations ...................................
IPB Steps to NEO Operations ...............................
Nation Assistance .........................................
IPB Steps to Nation Assistance ............................
Combating Terrorism .......................................
IPB Steps to Combating Terrorism ..........................
Civil Disturbance .........................................
IPB Steps to Civil Disturbance Operations .................
Arms Control ..............................................
IPB Steps to Arms Control Operations ......................
Support to Counterinsurgencies ............................
IPB Steps to Counterinsurgency Operations .................
Counterdrug Operations ....................................
IPB Steps to Counterdrug Operations .......................
Support to Insurgencies ...................................
IPB Steps to Insurgency Operations ........................
Show of Force .............................................
IPB Steps to Show of Force Operations .....................
9-1
9-1
9-2
9-2
9-5
9-6
9-10
9-10
9-12
9-13
9-17
9-17
9-21
9-22
9-25
9-25
9-29
9-30
9-32
9-33
9-36
9-37
CHAPTER 10 - IPB FOR SUPPORT OPERATIONS ......................
Environmental Assistance Operations .......................
IPB for Environmental Assistance Operations ...............
Step 1: Define the Battlefield Environment ...............
Step 2: Describe the Battlefield Effects .................
Step 3: Evaluate the Threat ..............................
Step 4: Determine Threat COAs ............................
Humanitarian Assistance Operations ........................
IPB for Humanitarian Assistance Operations ...............
Step 1: Define the Battlefield Environment ...............
Step 2: Describe the Battlefield Effects .................
Step 3: Evaluate the Threat ..............................
Step 4: Determine Threat COAs ............................
10-1
10-1
10-3
10-4
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-9
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-15
10-16
APPENDIX A – AUTOMATION SUPPORT TO IPB .......................
Introduction ..............................................
History ...................................................
All-Source Analysis System ...............................
MI Analysis and Control Team .............................
Joint Collection Management Tools .........................
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-9
A-13
APPENDIX B – GENERAL GUIDELINES DURING IPB ..................
Introduction .............................................
Define the Battlefield Environment ........................
Describe the Battlefield Effects ..........................
Evaluate the Threat .......................................
Determine Threat COAs .....................................
Guideline Charts ..........................................
B-1
B-1
B-2
B-2
B-3
B-5
B-6
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FM 34-130/MCRP 2-12A
APPENDIX C – IPB WITH A PURPOSE ..............................
Introduction ..............................................
The IPB Steps .............................................
IPB and the MDMP ..........................................
Mission Analysis Brief ....................................
COA Development ...........................................
IPB and Mission Execution .................................
Conclusion ................................................
C-1
C-1
C-2
C-2
C-3
C-20
C-22
C-25
APPENDIX D – IPB FOR SPECIAL STAFF AND SUPPORT UNITS .........
Introduction ..............................................
Air Defense ...............................................
Artillery .................................................
Aviation ..................................................
Counterintelligence and Counterreconnaissance .............
Electronic Warfare ........................................
Engineer ..................................................
Intelligence ..............................................
Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical .........................
Signal ....................................................
Special Operations ........................................
Rear Area and Combat Service Support ......................
D-1
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-5
D-8
D-10
D-12
D-16
D-18
D-20
D-22
D-24
APPENDIX E – IPB FOR TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL, AND
STRATEGIC ECHELONS .....................
Introduction ..............................................
Define the Battlefield Environment ........................
Describe the Battlefield’s Effects ........................
Evaluate the Threat .......................................
Determine Threat COAs .....................................
E-1
E-1
E-1
E-2
E-5
E-6
APPENDIX F – IPB FOR THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE (TMD) ...........
Theater Missile Defense ...................................
TMD Mission Areas .........................................
Define the Battlefield Environment ........................
Describe the Battlefield Effects ..........................
Evaluate the Threat .......................................
Determine Threat COA ......................................
F-1
F-1
F-2
F-3
F-6
F-6
F-21
APPENDIX G – IPB IN SUPPORT OF MOUT ..........................
The Importance of Urban Areas .............................
Urban Operations ..........................................
Rules to Live by in an Urban Environment ..................
IPB Process ...............................................
MOUT IPB: A Difficult Environment .........................
A Unique Analytical Framework .............................
The City As An Entity .....................................
Urban Analytical Worksheet ................................
Explanation of Steps ......................................
The Threat ................................................
Socio-Economic and Demographic Concerns ...................
G-1
G-1
G-2
G-3
G-4
G-4
G-5
G-6
G-6
G-8
G-29
G-31
iv
*FM 34-130/MCRP 2-12A
Other Concerns ............................................
Urban Operations Under Restrictive Conditions .............
Specialized Urban Operations Products and Tools ...........
Additional Urban Operations Tools .........................
Summary ...................................................
G-32
G-34
G-35
G-38
G-38
APPENDIX H - INTELLIGENCE BRIEFING FOR IPB ................... H-1
Introduction .............................................. H-1
Preparation of the Briefing ............................... H-3
APPENDIX I - IPB FOR INFORMATION OPERATIONS .................
Historical Uses of Information Operations .................
Why IPB for Information Operations ........................
IPB in Support of Information Operations ..................
Offensive Information Operations ..........................
Defensive Information Operations ..........................
Integration of Information Operations ..................
The IO Analytical Framework ...............................
The IO Analytical Worksheet ...............................
Explanation of Steps ......................................
Define the Battlefield Environment ........................
Describe the Battlefield Effects ..........................
Evaluate the Threat .......................................
Determine Treat COA .......................................
The Information Campaign Planning Process.. ...............
Products of IO IPB ........................................
I-1
I-1
I-1
I-3
I-4
I-5
I-6
I-7
I-9
I-11
I-17
I-19
I-21
I-24
I-26
I-31
APPENDIX J - IPB FOR SPACE OPERATIONS .......................
Historical Uses of Space ..................................
Why Space IPB .............................................
Define the Battlefield Environment ........................
Describe the Battlefield's Effects ........................
Evaluate the Threat .......................................
Determine Threat COA ......................................
Products of SIPB ..........................................
Current Space Weather .....................................
J-1
J-1
J-1
J-2
J-4
J-7
J-8
J-10
J-13
APPENDIX K - EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION
OF THE BATTLEFIELD ..................
Scenario One: Division Conventional Offense ..............
Scenario Two: Brigade Conventional Defense ...............
Scenario Three: Counterinsurgency Operations .............
Scenario Four: Noncombatant Evacuation ...................
K-1
K-1
K-43
K-55
K-76
APPENDIX L – INTERNET WEB SITES/SEARCH ENGINES ............... L-1
GLOSSARY Glossary-1
REFERENCES ............................................ References-1
INDEX ................................................. To Be Included
v