Oregon
State
University
.
Crop Science Report
RESEARCH/EXTENSION
1986-87 OREGON WINTER RAPESEED TRIAL
Russ Karow, Vance Pumphrey, and Loren Nelson'
Winter rapeseed trials were conducted at four Oregon
locations in 1986-87 - Corvallis, Madras, Moro and
Pendleton. This report summarizes data for these
Due to mild winter temperatures, bolting was at least
three weeks early and some varieties were in full
bloom in late March. Night temperatures at this time
were still near or below freezing, hence, flower abortion was common. Daytime temperatures were generally not above 60°F and insect activity was minimal.
Birds also found the young flower buds to be quite
palatable and caused minor damage by direct feeding.
trials.
Tables 1 and la summarize data for Corvallis in English and metric units, respectively. Corvallis was the
main trial site with 36 varieties and experimental lines
tested. Materials from both the Oregon Variety Testing Program, sponsored by the Oregon Department of
Agriculture New Crops Board and Mitsubishi Corporation, and from the National Winter Rapeseed Variety Trial coordinated by Dr. Dick Auld, University of
Idaho, were included at the Corvallis site.
Despite early bolting and flowering, growth remained
vigorous and some lines reached heights of over 80
inches. Lodging was not a serious problem and lodg-
ing ratings are more a measure of proximity to extremely weak stemmed lines rather than a true indication of lodging potential.
Growing conditions at Corvallis were nearly ideal for
rapeseed during the September to March period.
Weather data is summarized in Tables 5 and 5a.
Rainfall was near normal overall and temperatures
A week of record high temperatures in mid-April resulted in abortion of remaining flowers and heralded
were mild. Plant growth was continuous. Cabbage
maggots were found to have infested plant roots and
crowns, but damage appeared to be minimal. All materials had good stands and showed good winter survival. Vigor was rated average or better for all lines.
harvest was expected by late May; however, crop maturation was exceptionally slow and swathing and harvest
the onset of maturation. Due to early crop growth,
did not occur until mid-June - the "normal" time for
Willamette Valley rapeseed harvest.
Yields at Corvallis were disappointing. The crop did
not visually appear different than that of a year ago;
however, the 3105 lb per acre average yield was substantially below the 6900 lb per acre average of 198586. This difference is probably due to the unusual
weather with associated flower and pod abortions, and
to differences in harvest management. In general,
1986-87 production practices and yields more closely
resemble those of growers. Grower yields in the
Willamette Valley have been near 3000 lbs per acre,
'Russ Karow, Extension Agronomist, Crop Science
Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,
97331; Vance Pumphrey, Professor of Agronomy,
Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center,
Pendleton, OR, 97801; and Loren Nelson, Research
Agronomist, Central Oregon Experiment Station,
Redmond, OR, 97756.
the average trial yield for this current year.
EXT/CRS 72
10/88
1
Harvest management in 1986-87 differed from 1985-86.
a grower price of 70 per pound and to recover both
The 1986-87 trial was swathed en masse rather than
being differentially harvested according to plant matu-
variable and fixed costs, 120 per pound.
rity as was done in 85-86. The 1986-87 crop was combined rather than hand threshed, hence shatter losses
occurred. Shatter losses were estimated to be from 5
The authors would like to thank the Oregon Department of Agriculture New Crops Board and Mitsubishi
Corporation for their fmancial support. Without their
to 10%.
Other production practice information is
funding, this trial work would not have been possible.
given in Figure 1.
Test weights were light (Table 1 and la). Canadian
No. 1 rapeseed has a test weight minimum of 52 lb/bu.
All materials but Jet Neuf would have fallen below this
level. Thousand seed weights were normal and on average near those of the seed lots used to plant the trial.
Table 2 and 2a give yield data at four locations for an
eleven variety subset of the Corvallis trial. Average
yields at Moro and Pendleton (1154 lb/bu and 2700
lb/A, respectively) were above expected yield levels of
1000 and 2000 lb per acre, respectively. Again, grow-
ing conditions were quite favorable at these sites.
Grain yields at these locations were nearly 1.5 times
more than recent average yields. Madras yields (3680
lb/A average) were similar to those at Corvallis. Plant
height was substantially less and anticipated yield was
less than that of Corvallis - looks can be deceiving.
Plot to plot variation at the high production sites was
more than double that at the dryland sites as is shown
by coefficients of variations (CV).
Table 3 gives thousand seed weights for varieties over
sites. Seed weights at Corvallis (the wettest site) were
generally greater than those for other sites. In general,
there appears to be a positive correlation between seed
weight and available moisture. Seed weights at Moro
(a 10 inch rainfall site) were generally lowest. The variety Viking was the only exception to this trend - it
had higher seed weights at the drier sites.
Table 4 and 4a give the data on plant height at three
locations. Unlike yield, where there was a similarity in
ranking of varieties over sites, height was erratic. The
shortest of the eleven varieties at Corvallis was the
tallest at Moro and taller varieties at Corvallis were
among the shorter at Moro. In general, height range
among varieties decreased with reduction in site available moisture.
A budget for rapeseed production in north central
Oregon has been prepared. It is Enterprise Budget
sheet EM 8367 (Jan. 88). In the budget, which was
based on wheat production operation times and inputs,
the break even point for recovery of variable costs was
2
Table 1.
1986-87 winter rapeseed on Hyslop Farm (English unit values).
50%b
Variety
Arabella
Ariana
Bienvenu
Bridger
Cascade
Ceres
Cobra
Darmor
Dwarf Essex
Glacier
Jet Neuf
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
NPZ-51
Nutiva
Rubin
Santana
Semu 1068-83
SV0214
SV0238
SV0253
SV0263
Tandem
US1
US2
US3
Vigor'
4.5
4.8
4.8
3.5
3.3
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.5
4.8
4.3
4.8
4.0
4.5
3.5
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
Viking
WW0984
WW0988
WW1011
WW1031
WW1033
WW1039
WW1040
43
Average
PLSD (5%)
CV (%)
4.5
0.8
4.3
4.3
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.8
13
bloom
104
102
93
91
83
105
100
106
104
104
99
100
101
100
99
104
100
106
101
101
102
103
100
100
104
104
102
104
102
104
104
102
108
102
104
107
101
6
3
Maturity'
1.0
1.5
2.5
1.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
0.9
23
Lodgingd
Height
1000 seed
weight
Test
weight
Yield
(in)
(g)
(lb/bu)
(lb /A)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.0
72.0
75.8
69.3
71.0
73.5
79.3
78.5
68.0
81.0
81.8
70.3
75.5
74.5
75.5
68.8
78.5
73.0
77.3
77.3
78.0
74.8
72.8
74.8
75.0
74.3
77.8
73.0
77.0
73.8
73.0
75.3
74.8
76.0
77.8
72.5
73.8
5.56
5.49
4.32
4.94
4.99
5.34
5.25
5.76
4.97
5.40
5.36
5.26
5.70
5.54
5.54
4.78
5.36
5.54
4.81
4.81
5.45
5.45
5.24
4.71
5.22
5.39
5.44
5.77
5.28
4.63
5.16
5.40
5.36
4.97
5.01
5.64
49.3
50.0
49.5
49.5
48.4
49.5
49.6
50.5
50.2
49.2
52.2
48.8
49.7
49.2
50.1
49.3
49.9
49.5
49.0
50.4
48.6
49.6
49.3
51.1
50.5
49.3
49.7
49.7
48.2
49.9
50.4
49.8
51.5
49.2
49.0
50.5
3266
2714
4064
2257
2976
3554
4493
2864
3508
3734
2872
2557
4085
3089
3902
3289
3993
3124
2604
3219
3256
2618
3511
3637
2628
3506
2836
3346
2173
2087
2711
2932
2421
2624
2567
2748
1.2
74.9
6.6
6
5.25
0.41
49.7
1.2
2
3105
853
20
NS
34
6
a Visual rating on scale of 1-5; 1 = poor vigor, 5 = excellent vigor
b Day of year
seed development as of June 12, 1987; 1 = most seed green, 2 = most seed green-brown, 3 = most seed
brown-black
d Visual rating on scale of 1-3; 1 = no lodging, 2 = moderate lodging, 3 = severe lodging
3
Table la. 1986-87 winter rapeseed on Hyslop Farm (metric unit values).
Arabella
Ariana
Bienvenu
Bridger
Cascade
Ceres
Cobra
Darmor
Dwarf Essex
Glacier
Jet Neuf
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
NPZ-51
Nutiva
Rubin
Santana
Semu 1068-83
SV0214
SV0238
SV0253
SV0263
Tandem
US1
US2
US3
Viking
WW0984
WW0988
WW1011
WW1031
WW1033
WW1039
WW1040
Average
PLSD (5%)
CV (%)
Vigor?
4.5
4.8
4.8
3.5
3.3
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.5
4.8
4.3
4.8
4.0
4.5
3.5
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.3
43
4.3
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.8
4.5
0.8
13
bloom
104
102
93
91
83
105
100
106
104
104
99
100
101
100
99
104
100
106
101
101
102
103
100
100
104
104
102
104
102
104
104
102
108
102
104
107
101
6
3
Maturity'
Lodgingd
1000 seed
weight
(cm)
(g)
(kg m-3) (kg hat)
634.5
643.2
636.4
637.5
623.2
637.5
637.7
649.7
645.8
632.6
671.2
627.4
639.4
633.6
645.2
634.2
642.2
637.5
631.0
648.6
624.8
638.1
634.2
657.4
649.9
634.5
640.0
639.6
544.4
642.2
648.0
641.3
663.2
633.5
630.0
649.3
3661
3042
4556
2530
3336
3984
5037
3211
3932
4186
3220
2866
4579
3463
4374
3687
4476
3502
2919
3608
3650
2935
3936
4077
2946
3930
3179
3751
2436
2340
3039
3287
2714
2942
2878
3081
637.7
39.9
2
3481
956
20
13
182.9
192.4
175.9
180.3
186.7
201.3
199.4
172.7
205.7
207.6
178.4
191.8
189.2
191.8
174.6
199.4
185.4
196.2
196.2
198.1
189.9
184.8
189.9
190.5
188.6
197.5
185.4
195.6
187.3
185.4
191.1
189.9
193.0
197.5
184.2
2.0
1.0
1873
5.56
5.49
4.32
4.94
4.99
5.34
5.25
5.76
4.97
5.40
5.36
5.26
5.70
5.54
5.54
4.78
5.36
5.54
4.81
4.81
5.45
5.45
5.24
4.71
5.22
5.39
5.44
5.77
5.28
4.63
5.16
5.40
5.36
4.97
5.01
5.64
2.0
0.9
23
1.2
NS
34
190.1
16.8
6
5.25
0.41
6
1.0
1.5
2.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.5
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
13
13
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.0
13
1.0
13
13
1.8
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
Test
weight
Height
50%b
Variety
a Visual rating on scale of 1-5; 1 = poor vigor, 5 = excellent vigor
b Day of year
seed development as of June 12, 1987; 1 = most seed green, 2 = most seed green-brown, 3 = most seed
brown-black
d Visual rating on scale of 1-3; 1 = no lodging, 2 = moderate lodging, 3 = severe lodging
4
Yield
1986-87 winter rapeseed yields (lb /A) at
Table 2.
Table 3.
several sites in Oregon.
Corvallis Madras
Variety
Cascade
Ceres
Glacier
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
Nutiva
Santana
Tandem
Viking
Moro Pendleton
2976
3554
3734
2557
4085
3089
3902
3993
2604
2628
2173
2721
3624
3842
3694
4322
4282
3738
-3836
4015
2721
768
1174
1138
1207
1241
1408
1292
1161
1206
941
Average
3209
PLSD (5%) 913
CV (%)
20
3680
896
17
1154
106
7
Variety
Ave.
2396
2870
2797
2629
2793
2708
3254
2887
2504
3102
2830
3076
2610
3030
1915
2553
2720
1937
2700
293
2647
519
8
13
Cascade
Ceres
Glacier
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
Nutiva
Santana
Tandem
Viking
2215
1986-87 winter rapeseed yields (kg/ha) at
Table 2a.
Corvallis Madras
Cascade
Ceres
Glacier
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
Nutiva
Santana
Tandem
Viking
3336
3980
4182
2864
4575
3460
4370
4472
2916
2943
2434
3050
4063
4307
4141
4845
4800
4190
Average
3594
PLSD (5%) 1023
20
CV (%)
4125
1004
4300
4501
3050
17
Moro Pendleton
4.38
5.02
5.28
5.11
4.84
4.86
5.07
Average
5.29
PLSD (5%) 0.40
CV (%)
5
4.89
0.40
6
Table 4.
Variety
Ave.
861
-1316
1276
1353
1391
1578
1448
1301
1352
1055
2686
3217
3135
2947
3131
3036
3648
2483
2926
3397
2147
2862
3049
2171
1293
119
7
3027
328
2967
582
8
13
3236
2807
3477
3172
3448
5
Corvallis Madras
4.99
5.34
5.40
5.26
5.70
5.54
5.54
5.54
4.81
5.39
4.63
several sites in Oregon.
Variety
1986-87 winter rapeseed 1000 seed weights
(g/1000) seeds at several sites in Oregon.
Moro Pendleton
4.67
4.67
4.74
4.64
4.90
4.80
4.91
4.40
5.25
4.72
4.48
5.18
4.64
4.77
NS
6
Ave.
4.46
4.64
4.90
4.74
4.98
4.79
5.54
4.63
-5.06
4.96
5.04
5.02
5.24
4.52
4.98
5.15
4.55
5.20
4.79
4.87
0.47
4
4.95
0.34
5
1986-87 winter rapeseed heights (inches) at
several sites in Oregon.
Corvallis
Moro Pendleton Ave.
Cascade
Ceres
Glacier
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
Nutiva
Santana
Tandem
Viking
74
79
82
76
74
76
69
73
77
74
74
47
Average
75
46
45
47
47
47
48
45
47
40
46
56
62
64
64
63
58
58
59
71
64
62
61
60
58
62
55
62
62
56
61
60
61
59
Table 4a. 1986-87 winter rapeseed heights (cm) at
several sites in Oregon.
Variety
Corvallis
Moro Pendleton
Ave.
Cascade
Ceres
Glacier
Lindora
Lirabon
Liradonna
Mitre
Nutiva
Santana
Tandem
Viking
188
201
208
193
188
193
175
185
196
188
188
119
0
114
119
119
119
122
114
119
102
117
142
157
163
163
160
147
147
0
157
140
157
150
180
163
157
155
152
147
150
157
142
155
Average
191
117
152
155
Table 5.
Month
Weather summary for Corvallis, Oregon, Aug. 1986-June 1987.
Ave. Max Dev.
AUG 86
SEPT 86
OCT 86
NOV 86
DEC 86
JAN 87
FEB 87
MAR 87
APR 87
MAY 87
JUN 87
87.2
71.2
65.3
53.9
46.0
46.2
51.6
56.2
65.3
70.2
77.8
6.7
-4.3
Ave.
62.8
Max.
Temperature (F)
Ave. Min. Dev.
Min.
Ave.
Dev.
69.7
59.3
55.1
47.0
39.3
39.6
44.1
47.4
52.8
58.2
63.5
4.1
-2.3
2.1
2.3
-1.3
0.6
1.2
2.4
3.8
3.4
3.0
52.4
1.8
52.3
47.4
45.0
40.0
32.5
33.1
36.6
38.6
40.3
46.1
49.2
1.6
-0.3
3.3
2.8
-2.1
0.2
1.2
2.4
6.0
4.0
5.2
97
93
78
63
55
55
60
72
83
92
96
1.6
2.5
1.5
2.9
0.9
45
38
34
32
26
23
30
28
31
34
42
2.2
77
41.9
1.4
33
1.0
1.6
-0.5
1.1
Total
Note - deviations are from the 30 year running average.
6
Rainfall (In)
Total
Dev.
0.00
3.56
2.80
8.62
3.50
8.22
4.50
3.70
1.56
1.40
0.29
-0.81
2.08
-0.59
2.45
-4.27
0.67
-0.36
-0.93
-0.90
-0.52
-0.91
38.15
-4.09
Table 5a. Weather summary for Corvallis, Oregon, Aug. 1986-June 1987.
Ave. Max Dev. Max.
Month
AUG 86
SEPT 86
OCT 86
NOV 86
DEC 86
JAN 87
FEB 87
MAR 87
APR 87
MAY 87
JUN 87
30.7
21.8
18.5
12.2
7.8
7.9
21.2
25.5
Ave.
17.1
10.9
13.5
18.5
Temperature (C)
Ave. Min. Dev.
3.7
-2.4
0.6
0.9
-0.3
0.6
0.7
36
34
26
17
13
1.3
3.3
2.2
2.9
22
28
33
36
4.4
0.3
0.6
2.6
3.7
4.6
7.8
9.6
1.2
25
5.5
11.3
8.6
7.2
13
16
Min.
0.9
-0.2
7
3
1.8
1.6
1
Ave.
Dev.
2.3
-1.3
1.2
1.0
1.4
0.8
1.6
0.5
-2
6
21.0
15.2
12.8
8.3
4.1
4.2
6.7
8.6
11.6
14.6
17.5
0.8
1
11.3
0
-3
-5
-1
-1.2
0.1
0.9
-1
1
Total
Note - deviations are from the 30 year ninning average.
Fig, 1. Cultural Practice Information for Corvallis Site
YEAR: 1986-87
LOCATION:
Corvallis, Oregon
Hyslop Farm, Field 4-12
Elevation - 225 ft (69 m)
Latitude - 44.63 N
Longitude - 123.2° W
CULTURAL PRACTICES:
Planted
Seeding Rate
Row Spacing
Plot Size
Herbicide
Fertilizer
Bird Control
Fungicide
Swathed
Combined
- August 29, 1986; field pre-irrigated
14 seeds/sq ft (150 seed/m2)
12" (30.5 cm)
- 4 x 12" (30.5 cm) rows, 25 feet (7.6 m) long
- 4 lb/A Devrinol ppi (4.48 Kg hill)
- 400 lb/A 11-55-0 ppi (448 Kg ha" )
100 lb/A 30-0-0-6 Dec. 30, 1986 (112 Kg ha1)
150 lb/A 46-0-0-0 March 19, 1986 (168 Kg ha-12
1.33 lb/A Mesurol March 25, 1987 (1.5 Kg ha if)
2.00 lb/A Mesurol April 21, 1987 (2.2 Kg. hat)
- 2 lb/A Ben late April 21, 1987(2.2 Kg ha- 1)
June 15-16, by hand
- Wintersterger Seed Master, June 26, 1987
7
1.3
-0.7
0.3
0.7
1.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
Rainfall (cm)
Total
Dev.
0.0
9.0
7.1
21.9
8.9
20.9
11.4
9.4
4.0
3.6
0.7
-2.1
5.3
-1.5
6.2
-10.8
1.7
-0.9
-2.4
-2.3
-1.3
-2.3
96.90
-10.4