M E E T I N G
T H E
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
R E C R E A T I O N
O N
P U B L I C
L A N D S
B A C K G R O U N D
F O R
T H E
W E S T E R N
S T A T E S
T O U R I S M
P O L I C Y
C O U N C I L
2
Recreation on our Public Lands?
3
THINK AGAIN!
4
Typical Partners?
5
NOT ANYMORE!
6
Collaborative Stewardship?
7
THE PICTURE
HAS CHANGED!
8
CONSIDER THIS........
9
DEMAND
10
NET POPULATION CHANGE PER HOUR
(per person)
Source: A M O, Wired Magazine, June 2003
11
WA
+21.1%
OR
+20.4%
NV
+66.3%
CA
CA
+13.8%
+13.8%
MT
+12.9%
ID
+28.5%
+28.5%
UT
+29.6%
AZ
AZ
+40.0%
WY
+8.9%
CO
+30.6%
CHANGE IN POPULATION
(1990-2000)
AVERAGE: The national population
growth rate was 13.2%
NM
+20.1%
Source: Census Bureau 2000
12
THE REAL CHALLENGE
“Skyrocketing population growth
was identified as the single biggest challenge facing the West. In
the last 30 years, the Rocky Mountain region has seen 119 % growth
rate, compared to the national
rate of 39%.”
State of the Rockies Conference May 2004
Source: David Kelly, L A Times
13
THE WEST LEADS THE NATION IN
OUTDOOR RECREATION PARTICIPATION
* 73% OF WESTERNERS say they regularly
participate in outdoor recreation - THE HIGEST
RATE for any region of the U.S .
* OVER 80% of people from Idaho, Wyoming,
Montana, and Utah regularly participate in at
least one outdoor recreation activity
“The West...where recreation is considered a
right - it’s almost a religion.”
“It’s a passion not a pastime.”
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
14
KEY TRENDS AFFECTING
WESTERN STATES
RECREATION PLANNING
POPULATION: Growth and urbanization of the West
ECONOMICS: Contributions of recreation to western towns/states and
increased demands andgrowth in recreation-related industries
VALUES:
Commodity vs. Amenity, the shifting and changing resource
demands and expectations of the public
TECHNOLOGY: Continued advances in outdoor recreation technology
and applications
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
13
WHO IS THE PUBLIC IN
“PUBLIC LANDS”?
THE PUBLIC ranges from the population at large, to local communities, to special interests.
The highest level is the PUBLIC AT LARGE. For federal lands, this means
the NATIONAL population. (National Forests and BLM lands are FIRST a
national resource, SECOND a regional or local resource, and LAST a
special resource.
The next level includes REGIONAL AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES. (These are
communities of PLACE who have interest, usually economic, because of
nearness to public lands.)
The third level includes a variety of SPECIAL INTERESTS. (These are NOT
place bound--they may include wilderness, motorized recreation or
commercial interests.)
Source: Ken Cordell, Utah State University 2005 Recreation Short Course Presentation
16
the changing american
society
* About 1 million new immigrants per year
* MORE PEOPLE:
1990
248 million
2000
275 million
2020
325 MILLION
2050
404 million
* Increasingly urban: 81% live in cities and towns
* GETTING OLDER: Median age 35 - 38 (by 2020)
* CHANGING ETHNICITIES by 2050:
Anglo Americans
50%
African Americans 15%
Hispanic Americans 21%
Asian Americans
11%
(down from 76%)
(up from 12%)
(up from 9%)
(up from 4%)
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
17
new generation
sports & Activities
* EXTREME SPORTS - everything from sledging to gerbaling, from base
jumping to cave diving
* TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN ACTIVITIES - such as geocacheing, night vision
goggles, paintball, remote control/artificial intelligence vehicles
(DARPA), rocket launching
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
18
technological advances
in outdoor recreation
activities have huge
resource implications
1905
2005
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
19
popularity of off highway vehicles-4 times as many than a decade ago
200%
154%
150%
100%
74%
50%
0%
1995
2000
Annual sales of OHV’s in the west is
double the national average, increasing
154% in 5 years
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
160,000
22000
Number of registered OHV’s in Utah has
grown seven-fold in 18 years
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
20
15 fastest growing activities 1982 to 2004
t
ac
ivi
ty
View/photograph birds
Day hiking
Backpacking
Snowmobiling
Off-road driving
Primitive camping
Sledding
Attend outdoor concerts
Camping
Walking for pleasure
Developed camping
Canoeing/kayaking
Downhill skiing
Natural area swimming
Running/jogging
at
ip
tr ic
pa 3
% 2-’8
‘8
12
14
5
3
11
10
10
25
24
53
17
8
6
32
26
in
g
g
in
at
p
i
m rtic
pa -’83
2
‘8
i
ill
on
s
22
26
9
6
20
18
18
48
46
100
33
15
12
59
49
at
ip
tr ic
pa 4
% 0-’0
‘0
31.8
32.6
10.9
5.9
19.4
16.7
16.1
41.9
38.7
82.7
27.1
12.2
8.9
43.3
35.5
in
g
ll
mi
g
in
at
p
i
c
rti
pa -’04
0
‘0
ion
s
73.0
74.8
25.0
13.6
44.4
38.2
36.8
96.0
88.8
189.5
62.1
28.0
20.5
99.2
81.3
ge
an to
ch ’83
% 2- 04
‘8 0-’
‘0
231.8
187.7
177.8
126.7
122.0
112.2
104.4
100.0
93.0
89.5
88.2
86.7
70.8
68.1
65.9
Source: Ken Cordell, National Survey on Recreation and the Environment
21
western national forests recreation activities
t
ac
ivi
ty
Downhill skiing
Hiking/walking
Viewing scenery
Relaxing
Fishing
Hunting
Developed camping
Driving for pleasure
Bicycling
Cross-country skiing
Other non-motorized
OHV use
Picnicking
ty
as tivi
s
it ac
vis ain
m
th n
wi a t i o
s
it i p
vis r t i c
pa
26,307,000
20,910,000
11,217,000
11,001,000
9,283,000
8,018,000
6,181,000
5,369,000
4,139,000
3,856,000
3,844,000
3,739,000
3,196,000
27,545,000
53,363,000
72,077,000
54,726,000
17,494,000
9,357,000
14,346,000
29,917,000
7,116,000
5,278,000
10,757,000
8,925,000
16,666,000
t
ac
ivi
ty
ty
as tivi
s
it ac
vis ain
m
Snowmobiling
2,929,000
Viewing wildlife
2,189,000
Gathering forest prods. 1,957,000
Primitive camping
1,800,000
Backpacking
1,545,000
Motorized water activ’y 1,416,000
Non-motorized water 1,380,000
Horseback riding
1,197,000
Visiting historic sites 1,169,000
Resort use
933,000
Nature center activ’y 826,000
Nature study
401,000
Other motorized activ’y 207,000
th n
wi a t i o
s
it i p
vis r t i c
pa
3,896,000
38,384,000
6,439,000
7,412,000
4,404,000
4,106,000
3,507,000
2,394,000
10,335,000
4,913,000
10,027,000
8,329,000
685,000
Source: National Visitor Use Monitoring Survey
22
annual b l m recreation visits
Millions
10
8
6
4
2
0
AK
AZ
CA CO ES
ID
MT NM NV OR UT WY
* 55 million visitors in 2003
* 2-3% increase annually
* 65% increase since 1986
* recreation use grows at faster rate than population
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
23
States
2020 Ambient Public Land x Recreation Interactions
Negligible
Light
Moderate
Moderately heavy
Heavy
projected 2020
recreation hotspots
Source: Ken Cordell, Utah State University 2005 Recreation Short Course Presentation
24
SUPPLY
25
Recreation Demand Pressures
on Public Lands (Ambient, 2020)
Bureau of Land Management
National Forests
Negligible
Light
Moderate
Moderately heavy
Heavy
projected 2020 recreation hotspots
and public lands proximity
Source: Ken Cordell, National Survey on Recreation and the Environment
26
B L M & national forest lands
in alaska
Source: Ken Cordell, National Survey on Recreation and the Environment
27
proximity of blm lands
to growth areas
Within 10 miles of growth areas
Within 10-25 miles of growth areas
Within 25-50 miles of growth areas
Within 50-100 miles of growth areas
Greater than 100 miles from growth areas
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
28
proximity of
national forests
to growth areas
Negligible
Light
Moderate
Moderately heavy
Heavy
Source: Ken Cordell, Utah State University 2004 Recreation Short Course Presentation
29
land management agency comparison
Units
201
237
540
388
Acres total
192,000,000
261,900,000
95,000,000
84,400,000
Acres outside Alaska
170,000,000
176,300,000
19,200,00
29,400,000
Roads (miles)
378,800
78,123
7,000
8,500
$0
$20,000,000
$165,000,000
TEA-3 proposed
$0 (can compete $0 (can compete $30,000,000
up to $50 million) up to $50 million)
$300,000,000
and up
Trails (miles)
133,000
16,500
1,393
16,578
Campsites
122,000
17,000
736
26,830
Vistors per year
204,800,000
68,850,000
39,000,000
276,000,000
Volunteers per year
78,288
17,000
32,000
122,000
Backlog maintenance
$9 billion
$543-663 million
$1.3-1.7 billion
$4.5-9.7 billion
TEA21 mandatory funding $0
Source: Chris Topic, House Resources Subcommittee
30
b l m congressionally designated
recreation areas
1986
*ƒ
Designated Wilderness
Areas
ƒ
*
Wild & Scenic Rivers
*ƒ
Areas of Critical
Environmental
Concern
*ƒ
National Scenic Areas
*ƒ
National Monuments
*ƒ
National Historic Trails
2000
INCREASE
368,739 acres
5,260,712 acres
1,327%
1,439 miles
2,038 miles
42%
4,720,231 acres
13,111,829 acres
178%
0 acres
101,000 acres
All New
0 acres
2,965,100 acres
All New
1,498 miles
3,590 miles
140%
145 miles
429 miles
196%
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
31
forest service congressionally
designated recreation areas
* Designated Wilderness Areas
* Primitive Areas
*N
ational R
ecreation Areas
National
Recreation
* National Scenic Areas
*N
ational Monuments (AK, C
A)
National
CA)
*N
ational Wild and Scenic River Sys
tem
National
System
(1
999 ttot
ot
al = 4,385 miles)
(1999
otal
ational His
*N
National
Histtoric TTrrails
34,859,000 acres
1173,7
73,7
62 acres
73,762
3,809,133
3,809,
133 acres
130,493 acres
3,659,9
74 acres
3,659,97
950,4
19 acres
950,41
6,900 miles
Source: USFS
32
concerns with
future supply
* URBAN GROWTH PATTERNS - are not likely to subside
* DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL LANDS - Between 1982 and 2002, almost
35 million acres of rural land were converted to developments,
reducing the rural recreation resource
* STATE LANDS ARE REACHING MATURITY - leaving little room for more
development except high end improvements
* PRIVATE LANDOWNERS ARE CONTINUING TO CLOSE MORE LAND
* INCREASING BURDEN OF DEMAND ON PUBLIC LANDS - restoration
and management of ecosystems and recreation are high priorities, but
securing funding is an urgent challenge
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
33
Recreation Demand Pressures
Bureau of Land Management
on Water
and Wetlands
National Forests
(Ambient, 2020)
Negligible
Bureau of Land Management
Light
National Forests
Moderate
Moderately
Negligible heavy
Heavy
Li ht
projected 2020 recreation demand
pressures on water and wetlands
Source: Ken Cordell, National Survey on Recreation and the Environment
34
Bureau of Land Management
Recreation
Demand Pressures
National Forests
on Wildlife (Ambient, 2020)
Negligible
Bureau of Land Management
Light
National Forests
Moderate
Moderately
N li ibl heavy
Heavy
projected 2020 recreation demand
pressures on wildlife
Source: Ken Cordell, National Survey on Recreation and the Environment
35
AGENCY CAPACITY
36
forest service budget 2001 to 2005
t
ca
eg
or
y
agency total
01
20
$4,435,000,000
recreation mgmt. $230,000,000
5.2%
(% of total
agency funds)
fees & receipts
$26,600,000
trails
$67,000,000
02
20
03
20
$4,875,000,000
$4,130,000,000
$245,000,000
5.9%
$35,700,000
$70,000,000
$252,000,000
5.2%
$38,800,000
$69,000,000
$202,000,000
facilities*
$166,000,000
$185,000,000
04
20
05
20
$4,941,000,000
$4,786,000,000
$257,000,000
5.2%
$47,100,000
$75,000,000
$257,000,000
5.4%
not available
$75,000,000
$216,000,000
$199,000,000
*includes funding for administrative, fire, research, recreation & other
Source:USFS
37
forest service recreation personnel
2001 to 2005
01
20
02
20
03
20
3153
2788
04
20
2918
05
20
2811
2608
location of forest service recreation personnel 2005
Washington DC
Field offices
38
2733
Source:USFS
7%
23%
volunteers
senior community
service employment
program
concessionaires
fee program estimate)
20%
recreation crews
recreation crews
38
forest service developed site workforce
as of 2001
23%
27%
Source:USFS
39
c
e
at
go
ry
01
20
b l m budget 2001 to 2005
02
20
03
20
$1,507,448,000
agency total
$1,461,307,000
recreation mgmt. $46,262,000
(% of total
3%
agency funds)
fees & permits
$7,632,000
maintenance
$0
challenge
cost share
$1,700,000
western
Oregon O&C
$5,4000,000
transportation
$0
bill
Wilderness mgmt $17,652,000
green sticker
$0
other
$0
04
20
05
20
$1,490,935,000
$1,465,244,000
$46,737,000
3.1%
$8,653,000
$1,311,750,000
$42,466,000
2.7%
$10,301,000
$44,466,000
2.9%
$13,301,000
$43,209,000
3.2%
$14,000,000
$2,200,000
(OHV add-on)
$1,700,000
$1,700,000
$1,700,000
$1,700,000
$6,000,000
$6,100,000
$5,900,000
$6,300,000
$18,187,000
$17,726,000
$17,353,000
$16,740,000
Source:BLM
40
b l m recreation personnel 2001 to 2005
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
538
534
05
20
536
507
502
location of b l m recreation personnel 2005
Washington DC
State offices
Field offices
20
21
495
Source:BLM
41
KEY INFLUENCING FACTORS
42
“nature-deficit disorder”
OU
TD
OO
R
RE
CR
EA
TIO
N
“children’s fixation
on artificial
entertainment
rather than
natural wonders”
AS
CO
UN
TE
RA
CT
ION
Source: Richard Louv, Last Child in the Woods:Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder; illustration: Stephen Webster
43
1.35billion
explosion of virtual access
*
to public lands recreation
* 934
757
*
*719
*451
* 248
70
*
* 16
WORLD WIDE internet users
million
million
million
million
million
million
1995
million
1997
1999 2000
2003 2004 2005
2007(projected)
Source: worldstats.com
44
recreation resource
conflicts
* INCREASING DEMANDS from climbing, off-road vehicle use, hiking,
horseback riding, motorized land use, wildlife viewing, etc. are likely to
create more competition and conflicts for both public and private lands
* ACCESS to water, trails, backcountry, developed sites, and roads is a
likely source of conflicts
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
45
RECREATION = BIG BUSINESS
* $6.1 Billion in ATV/Motorcycle sales/service
* $18 Billion in outdoor gear retail sales
* $96.9 Billion was spent in 1995 on just hunting,
fishing, and wildlife related recreation
* Recreation & Tourism is one of the TOP THREE
industries in all of the Western States
* Multiple use challenge and balance
* Outdoor recreation, nature, adventure, and
heritage travel are the fastest growing segment of
the travel and tourism industry
Source: BLM 2005 Recreation Planning Presentation
46
local expenditures at b l m sites
Source:University of Idaho 2004BLM Visitor Study
47
travel to b l m site expenditures
Source:University of Idaho 2004BLM Visitor Study
48
western nationaL forests
recreation economic impact
in fiscal year 2002
* Western National Forest visitation totaled 151 million visitors.
53 miliion traveled 50 miles or more and 98 million traveled less than
50 miles from home.
* Western National Forests contributed $3.5 billion in non-local
(tourism) direct spending.
* Direct economic effects from Forest Service recreation = 60,000 jobs
and $2 billion to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Source: Don English, National Visitor Use Monitoring Survey
49
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
50
Links:
www.doi.gov/partnerships
www.partnershipresourcecenter.org
51
Links:
www.doi.gov/partnerships
www.partnershipresourcecenter.org
52
useful data websites
www.srs.fs.usda.gov/recreation/index.html (Recreation, Wilderness, Urban Forest & Demographic Research)
www.sonoran.org (Sonoran Institute)
www.publiclands.org/mapcenter (mapping)
www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/mvum (visitor data reports for National Forests; includes satisfaction &
economic profile)
53
hot links
RECREATION & COMMUNITY RESOURCES
www.blm.gov (national Bureau of Land Management website)
www.blm.gov/education/index.html (environmental education)
www.blm.gov/nlcs (BLM’s National Landscape Conservation System)
www.blm.gov.nhp/what/lands/realty/index.html (lands, realty, cadastral data)
www.fs.fed.us (USDA Forest Service website)
www.fireplan.gov (USDA Forest Service national fire plan)
www.glorecords.blm.gov (general land office records)
www.publiclands.org (one-stop source for Western USA recreation information)
www.recreation.gov (recreation on public lands)
www.wilderness. net (wilderness education, research, news)
COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE & GRANTS
www.fs.fed.us/people/gf/gf00.htm (international forestry & natural resources, grants, fellowships, scholarships)
www.fs.fed.us/r3/spf/cfrp/ (collaborative forest restoration program)
www.fs.fed.us/spf/coop/ (USDA Forest Service cooperative forestry; rural community assistance)
RECREATION RESERVATIONS
www.ReserveUSA.com (nation wide recreation facility reservations)
HAPPY TRAILS......