ARIDUS
TheBulletinofTheDesertLegumeProgramofTheBoyceThompsonSouthwesternArboretumandTheUniversityofArizona
Volume20,Number2
August2008
Twenty Years Later – DELEP at Two Decades
Matthew B. Johnson
ProgramManagerandCurator
DesertLegumeProgram
cropresearch,forageresearch,seedstogrowplantsfor
fodderforexoticanimals,wildlifehabitatimprovement,
soilimprovementresearch,researchonsalinitytolerance,
drylandforestry,researchintolegumesthatcanbeused
ascovercropstoprovideweedcontrol,researchinplant
Thissummer,DELEPcelebratesits20th
anniversary. It is difficult to believe that it has been so long taxonomy,anatomy,morphology,molecularbiology,
ago, in June 1988, when the first seed collections were
genetics,DNAbarcoding,pharmacologicalresearch,
madefromcultivatedlegumesontheUniversityofArizona researchtoidentifyphytotoxins,viralindicatorsstudies,
campus.Thepasttwentyyearshaveseenmanychanges
starchextractionfromseedpods,seedstogrowplants
andmuchprogress.
forfuneraryrites,seedincreaseforseedbanking,weed
AttheheartofDELEPisourseedbank.From
seedreferencecollection,archeologicalseedreference
humblebeginnings,ithasgrowntoacollectionof3480
collection,teachingmaterialforuniversitycourses,seeds
accessions representing 1350 identified species with a total
forcollectionsandeducationalexhibitsatbotanicalgardens
of1434taxain219genera.Theseseedshaveoriginated
andzoologicalparks,andseedsforcommercialnurseries
from57countriesonsixcontinents.Theseedsarestored
andprivatehorticulturists.
inawalkinfreezerandtwosmallerchest-typefreezers.
EachseedcollectionthatDELEPobtainsis
Storingtheseedsat0°F(-18°C)extendsviabilityand
assigned a unique accession number, which is used to
eliminatespotentialpestproblemssuchasseedweevils.
trackanyseedsorplantsfromthatcollection.Adatabase
Foreachaccessionwithaminimumof200seeds,a containsdetailedinformationoneachaccessionintheseed
portionissenttotheUSDAAgriculturalResearchService’s bank.Accessionrecordsincludethenameoftheplant,
NationalCenterforGeneticResourcesPreservation
thecollectiondate,informationonthelocationwhereit
(NCGRP),inFortCollins,Coloradoforsecurebackup
wascollected,thename(s)ofthecollector(s),andother
storage.Thisensuresthatthoseaccessionswillnotbelost
detailssuchaswhetheraherbariumvoucherspecimenwas
shouldsomethinghappentotheseedsstoredatDELEP’s
made, the quantity of seeds, and storage location. Copies
facilities. It would be very difficult and expensive, if not
ofaccessionrecordsareprovidedwithanyseedsthatare
impossibletorecreatetheDELEPseedcollectiongiven
sentoutfromtheseedbank.VolunteerRoyWilliamshas
therealitiesoftheworldtoday.Wearegratefultothe
beenworkingonanimprovedversionofourdatabasethat
USDAfortheencouragementandassistancethatthey
willallowgreaterversatilityingeneratingreportsaswellas
haveprovidedovermanyyears.DELEP’sIndexSeminum storingdigitalimagesandvideofootage.Thisrepresentsa
isalistofseedsintheseedbankthatareavailablefor
majorstepforwardinmanagingthecollection.
distribution.ItisavailablethroughtheDELEPwebsite
Collectingtripsinsupportoftheseedbankand
http://cals.arizona.edu/desertlegumeprogram/andincludes otherprojectshavebeenanintegralpartofDELEP’s
specific information on requesting seeds. The ARS also
activitiessincetheprogramwasestablished.Duringthe
includesDELEP’sseedbankholdingsonitsGenetic
earlyyearsoftheprogram,theemphasiswasonobtaining
ResourcesInformationNetwork(GRIN)siteandwe
seedsofasmanytaxaaspossible.Extensivecollections
receive numerous requests each year through GRIN.
weremadefrombothwildandcultivatedlegumes.In
DELEPhasprovidedseedstohundredsofrecipients
recentyears,wehavefocusedonobtainingcollections
aroundtheworld.Inmanycases,weareabletosupply
frommultiplepopulationsofspeciesinanefforttosample
seedsthatareotherwiseunavailable.Someofthemany
a significant portion of the genetic diversity present across
usesforwhichseedshavebeensuppliedincludefood
theirranges.Wherepossible,seedsarecollectedfroma
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DELEPcollectiontripinTexas,1990.(SVS)
minimumof30individualplantswithineachpopulation.
CollectiontripsfortheLegumesofArizonaproject(an
efforttoproduceapublicationofthesamename)will
greatly facilitate our efforts to improve the quality of
collectionsintheseedbankaswellasaddnewtaxa.Inthe
past,DELEPhascontractedwithcollectorsinotherpartsof
theworldtocollectseeds.Additionalmaterialshavebeen
obtainedthroughexchangewithotherbotanicalinstitutions,
donationsfromprivateindividuals,andpurchasefrom
commercialsources.Inthepast20years,DELEPhas
hostedbotanistsfromtheRoyalBotanicalGardens,Kew
andtheUSDA,assistingthemontripstocollectseeds.
Beginning in 1989, DELEP has maintained field
plotswherevariouslegumeshavebeengrown.Thereare
currently two fields at the Campus Agricultural Center
and an additional field at the West Campus Agricultural
Center,inTucson,andasiteattheYumaMesaAgricultural
Center.Since1989,nearly600taxaoflegumeshave
been planted in these fields to evaluate their performance
andadaptability.Numerousplantshavefailedtosurvive
forvariousreasonsincludingfreezingtemperatures,soil
conditions,herbivoredamage,orsenescence,andwere
replacedwithotherplantsawaitingevaluation.Thereare
currentlyover250taxaofperenniallegumesgrowingin
the fields. Data on the performance of these plants has been
collected since 1989. A summary of the field evaluations is
availableonDELEP’swebsite.Inadditiontoevaluatingthe
performance of legumes in our fields, the plants serve as an
importantsourceofseedsfortheseedbank.Especiallyin
caseswhereanoriginalcollectionhasonlyasmallnumber
of seeds, we grow plants to flowering size to increase the
numberofseedsfordistributionandresearch.
Anotherimportantpurposethattheseplantsserve
isforbiomasscollectionforvariousresearchprojects.
Hundredsofsampleshavebeencollectedforbiomedical
screeningandthesearchforpotentiallyusefulindustrial
compounds.Intheearly1990’s,DELEPparticipatedin
aprojectthatwaslookingatthearomaticresinfromthe
calyxglandsofthedesertsmoketree,Psorothamnus
spinosus,forpossibleuseasafragranceincosmeticsand
householdcleaningproducts.DELEPcollectedhundredsof
plantsamplesoveratenyearperiodforSankyoCompany
inJapan,forabiomedicalscreeningproject.Collections
foranotherpharmaceuticalscreeningprojectyielded
compoundsthatwereextractedfromtheseedpodsofan
Acaciaandarecurrentlybeingevaluatedforpossibleusein
cancertreatment.
DELEP’s field plantings serve additional uses.
Wearenowinthefourthyearofcollectingdataonthe
flowering and fruiting times of all of the legumes growing
in our Tucson fields. We will continue to collect this
phenologydataincomingyears.Researchcarriedoutbya
UniversityofArizonagraduatestudentexaminedtheroots
of mesquite (Prosopis species) growing in the fields for
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nodulationbyRhizobium bacteria. Plants in the fields are
evaluatedfortheirlandscapepotential.DELEPhasworked
closelywiththeArizonalandscapenurseryindustryto
introduceattractivetreesandshrubsthatareadaptedtothe
local climate and have low water requirements. A dozen
specieshavemadetheirwayontothelandscapepalettein
Arizona,eitherasnewintroductionsbyDELEPorlittle
knownplantsthatwerepromotedfollowingfavorable
field evaluations. Interest in low water-use legumes hasn’t
beenlimitedtoArizona.Wehaveprovidedmaterialfor
landscapeevaluationinotherpartsoftheSouthwest
andmoredistantstatesincludingGeorgia,Florida,and
NorthCarolinawherethereisaninterestinreducing
landscapewateruse.SeedshavealsobeensenttoAfrica,
Asia,Europe,theMiddleEast,andLatinAmericafor
horticulturalandlandscapepurposes.
DELEPisdiligentregardingspeciesthatcould
potentially become ecosystem weeds. The fields are closely
monitoredforanylegumesthatmaybevolunteeringfrom
seeds since these irrigated fields are particularly favorable
sitesforthegerminationandestablishmentofplants.Nonnative species that show an eagerness to reseed in the fields
arenotreleasedforlandscapeevaluation;thevolunteer
seedlingsandinsomecasestheparentplantsaredestroyed.
OtherprojectsthatDELEPhasbeeninvolvedin
includedpropagatingandestablishingplantsofAcacia
angustissimafortheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceon
Dr.PhilUpchurchandDr.BillFeldman,1994.(MBJ)
theBuenosAiresNationalWildlifeRefuge,insouthern
Arizona.Theseacaciasgraduallydroptheirseeds
duringthewintermonths.Therefugewasworkingon
reintroducingtheendangeredMaskedBobwhiteQuail,and
itwasthoughtthattheseedsmightprovideafoodsourceat
atimeoftheyearwheninsectsandotherfoodwasscarce.
DELEPhasworkedwithWallaceDesertGardens
since1989.TheWallaceGardensareanidealsitetoplant
legumesforfurtherevaluationoftheirperformanceina
landscapesetting.Mr.andMrs.H.B.Wallacehadakeen
interestinlegumesandtheirimportance.Supportprovided
bytheWallaceResearchFoundationhasbeeninstrumental
intheprogressthatDELEPhasachievedtodate.DELEP
hostedFulbrightScholarDr.AlejandraVilela,from
Argentina,whocarriedoutexperimentsongerminationof
NorthandSouthAmericanProsopisspecies.
DELEPhasbeencloselyinvolvedwiththeBoyce
ThompsonArboretum,ofwhichitisapart,sincetheearly
daysoftheprogram.Anearlyprojectinvolvedgrowing
legumesfortheBTAplantsales.Sincethen,DELEPhas
grownover2000individualplantsforthelivingcollections
atBTA.ManyspecieswerenewtotheBTAcollections.
Whilethemajorityoftheplantswerelegumes,many
otherwoodyplantsandsucculentshavebeengrown,and
wecontinuetopropagateplantsforthecollectionsatthe
Arboretum.DELEPhasbeeninstrumentalinhelpingto
bringseveralexhibitstofruition.InthecaseoftheSouth
Americanexhibit,essentiallyallofthewoodyplants
exceptforsomeofthecommerciallyavailablespeciesof
ProsopisweregrownbyDELEP.Theotherspecieswere
notavailablefromothersources.MattJohnsonhasactively
participatedincollectionsdevelopmentthroughtheBTA
CollectionsCommitteesincetheearly1990’s,andMatt
andMargieNoremserveontheArboretum’sResearch
Committee.
Fouryearsagowebeganaphoto-archiving
projecttorecorddigitalimagesoftheplantsgrowingin
our fields. Ken Coppola has spearheaded this effort. We
extendoursincereappreciationtovolunteerDanSimswho
providedadedicatedcomputerforthisproject.Danwas
ourGreenhouseCoordinatorformanyyears.TheLegumes
ofArizonaprojectcameoutoftheStrategicPlanning
processinitiatedbyDr.MarkBierner.Begunin2006,this
projectwillproduceamajorpublicationentitledLegumes
of Arizona – an Illustrated Reference,whichwillinclude
allofthenative,naturalized,andcommerciallygrown
legumesfoundinArizonawithdescriptions,botanical
keys,informationonhabitatanddistribution,andusesand
potentialusesoftheseplants.Thebookwillalsoinclude
distributionmaps,illustrationsandphotographs.Thiswill
beamajormilestoneforDELEP.
DELEP’sbulletin,Aridus,wasinitiatedby
volunteerDr.EdmundWeber.Edservedaseditorforthe
first three volumes. Volunteers Dr. Steve Stephens and
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PhyllisStephensassumededitorshipforthreeissuesof
Volume4.EditorshippassedtoMattJohnsonwhoserved
in this capacity for five years. Dr. Margie Norem assumed
themantleofeditorwiththelastissueofVolume9,and
continuestoeditandproducethebulletinnowinits20th
year.BeginningwithVolume16,Aridusmaybefound
online,bygoingtoDELEP’swebsite.Anadvantageofthe
onlineversionisthatimagesareincolor.Additionally,he
websitecontainsinformationontheprogram,theIndex
Seminum, and the field evaluation summary.
DELEPisasmuchaboutpeopleasitisabout
plants,asevidencedintheparagraphsabove.Many
individualshavebeeninvolvedwiththeprogramoverthe
past20years.Morethan110peoplehavevolunteeredfor
DELEP since the first volunteer session in January, 1989.
Among this distinguished group, five volunteers who were
present at the first volunteer session are still active with
theprogram:ClydeAdams,BillBearly,KarlMay,Dan
Sims,andDr.EdmundWeber.Thevolunteerprogramis
agreatassettoDELEPandbringstogetherpeoplefrom
manywalksoflifewhocontributetheirtimeandtalentsto
theprogram.MonthlyseedcleaningsessionsatDELEP’s
headquarters are a great way to get involved. Some
volunteershavecontributedexpertisewithcomputerhelp,
theliteraturecollection,donorrelations,plantpropagation
and care, and field work. Volunteers have participated in
seedcollectingtripslocallyandaroundtheSouthwest.
TheDesertLegumeAdvisoryBoardwas
establishedin1994bythendirectorDr.R.P.Upchurch.
Boardmembershavegenerouslydonatedtheirtimeto
provideadviceandassistancewithactivitiesandefforts
tostrengthentheprogram.Atotalof40Universityof
ArizonastudentshavebeenemployedbyDELEPona
part-timebasisovertheyears,gainingnewexperiencesand
providingmuchneededhelp.Wearegratefultoallofthese
peoplefortheirefforts.
DELEPhasbeenablyledbythreeoutstanding
directors.Ourfoundingdirector,Dr.RobertPhillip
Upchurch(1988-1994)turnedDELEPfromavisioninto
realityandestablishedtheprogram’sdirectionandprimary
activities.Dr.WilliamR.Feldman(1994-2005)continued
tomoveDELEPforward,makingmanyimprovements
andstrengtheningthetieswiththeBoyceThompson
Arboretum.Dr.MarkW.Bierner(2005-present)further
strengthenedtieswithBTAandintroducedstrategic
planningtoDELEP.ThroughDr.Bierner’sleadership,
we have a series of specific objectives and a timeline for
implementingthem,withthegoalofachievingexcellence
attheinternationallevelandensuringthelong-term
continuityoftheprogram.
DELEP’s first curator was June Sullivan (19881989).Junewasinstrumentalinbeginningtheseed
bankandpropagationprogram.MattJohnsonworked
withDELEPin1988whilecompletinggraduateschool,
conductinglibrarysearchesandleadingseedcollecting
trips.Heassumedthedutiesofcuratorin1989andwas
giventheaddedresponsibilitiesofprogrammanagerin
1992. Ken Coppola, DELEP’s horticulturist, field and
greenhousemanager,andvolunteercoordinator,hasbeen
withtheprogramsince1989.Heperformstheessential
functionsthatkeeptheprogramoperatingsmoothly.Dr.
MargieNorembeganworkingforDELEPin1990.Her
timeisdividedbetweeneditingthejournalDesert Plants
forBTA,andworkingwithDELEP.InadditiontoAridus,
Margiehasbeentheleadpersoninprojectsinvolvingthe
genusLupinusaswellasparticipatinginaprojectwithDr.
UrsulaSchuchthatinvestigatedthephenologyofseveral
woody legumes in DELEP’s fields over a two year period.
Ourneweststaffmember,KirstenLake,joinedtheprogram
in2007asmanagingeditorfortheLegumesofArizona
project.Shehasmadeconsiderableprogressinashorttime
onthisimportanteffort.
Wehavehadseveralpart-timegroundskeepers
whohaveprovidedinvaluablehelpwithplantcareinour
fields and propagation facilities. Theresa Contos, Wayne
McGowan,JenaPeterson,AdamRyan,RickSpriggs,Jamie
Wahl,andSteveWilcoxhaveallbravedsummerheatand
spinyplantsinservicetoDELEP.JenaandJamiewere
previouslystudentemployeeswhocontinuedtoworkwith
DELEPforatimefollowinggraduation.Administrative
supporthasbeenprovidedbyDeeDilhoff,ValerieHales,
CharlotteBrooke,CarolKnowles,JaneRua,GinaVance,
andBruceKlewer.TimClark,MonicaDelisa,Kathy
Brewer,andLeandraLewishaveassistedwithdevelopment
activitiesthroughBTAandtheFriendsoftheArboretum
office.
Thefutureoffersmanychallengesaswellas
opportunities.Futurefundingisamajorconcern.The
DELEPendowmentprovidessomeyearlyoperating
expensesandwillincreaseovertime.Wearegratefulfor
supportprovidedbytheUACollegeofAgricultureandLife
Sciences,aswellasmanyindividualsandorganizations
thathaveprovidedsupportoverthepast20years.Weare
currentlyseekingnewfundingopportunities.Aswemove
into our third decade, we reflect on how far DELEP has
comefromitshumblebeginningsandrememberthemany
peoplewhohaveparticipatedwithusinvariouscapacities.
PerhapsthemostimportantaspectsofDELEP’sworkare
theservicesthatwehavebeenabletoprovidetotheworld
communityinpreservingandsharingseedsandotherplant
materialofthisvitallyimportantgroupofplants.Itiswith
thisforemostinmind,thatwelookforwardtothecoming
yearswiththecommittmentthatthisisaworthwhile
undertaking.Workingtogether,wecanachievealevel
of excellence for DELEP that will fulfill Dr. Upchurch’s
originalvisionfortheprogramandcontinuetoprovide
valuableserviceforyearstocome.
5
Staff and Volunteers in Action
Weareinthetwentiethyear
oftheDesertLegumeProgram’s
existence, continuing a significant
periodofwarmassociationsamongst
ourfaculty,staff,volunteers,and
administrators.Wecontinueour
seedcollectionefforts;preserving,
propagating,andsharingtheresources
wehavecreatedwithyoursupport,
interest,andinspiration.Seeds
were first collected by volunteers,
withfacultyandstaffguidance
regardingspeciesforinclusion.The
compositionofourvolunteergroup
andmechanismsforaccomplishing
our goals have changed as required
duringtheseyears,butDELEP
remainstruetotheobjectivesofour
MissionStatement[seeARIDUS
volume17,April2005].
MattandIhaveworked
togetheratthecoreoftheprogram’s
botanical,horticultural,andtechnical
functionsince1989.Dr.Norembegan
providing key elements to our field
andlaboratoryresearchduringthe
followingyearandbecametheeditor
ofARIDUSinearly1998.Most
recentlyshehasworkedtocreate
DELEP’swebsitewhichincludes
our Index Seminum and the past five
yearsofARIDUS.Inmostyears,she
andIworktogetheragainstunknown
odds,inefforttoincreaseourLupinus
species’ seed numbers through field
andpottednurserypropagation. Thankstoyoursupport,DELEPhas
beenabletogrowimportantlegume
speciesforthegardensatBoyce
ThompsonArboretum,helpingto
creategreaterinterestintheirpotential
uses.Ihopeyouwillconsidervisiting
Boyce Thompson Arboretum for a first
orreturnvisit,especiallyifyouhave
notbeenthereinafewyears!The
BTAwebsitewillhelpyouplanyour
dayoryoureventontheBTAgrounds
(WWW.arboretum,ag.arizona.edu).
DesertLegumeProgramlinksarealso
accessiblefromtheBTAwebsite.
Astheseyearshavepassed,
ourvolunteergrouphasgrownand
changed.Intwentyyears,therehave
beenmorethan200volunteerwork
sessions!Astaffofstudentsand
groundskeepershasprovidedamighty
force, especially during the first ten
yearsofDELEP’sexistence.There
are14currentlyactivevolunteers
whowereworkingwithusin1998.
Fiveofthosefourteenare“original”
volunteersfromthe1988group!
Thesewonderfulfolksarestillactive
atmonthlysessionsandinother
supportaspects.Collectivelyandsolo
wecontinuevariedseedcollection
effortsforpreservation,propagation,
andeventuallysharingtheresource
wehavecreatedwithanevergrowing
environmentally-mindedkinship.
Wehavetraveledhundredsofmiles
aroundArizonatomaintainour
fields and volunteers have been with
us on many occasions. Our field
specimenshavegrownfromseedlings
in“six-paks”throughmanypotsizes,
reachingtheircurrentsizesinour
four Arizona fields. There, many have
attainedamazingheights,withsome
taller than 55 feet, in the Yuma fields.
Theselivingnurseriesareduallyfor
evaluationsandseedproduction.It
isgratifyingtobeabletoprovidethis
varietyofseedsandplantmaterialto
the scientific community, ensuring
thelong-termsustainabilityofdesert
legumesasanentityasenvisioned
byR.PhilipUpchurchmorethan
twentyyearsago.Wecontinueto
achievewhatwehadintendedtodo,
asDELEPchangedfromaprogram
“concept”toaviableandthriving
entity.Yourcontinuedinterestwill
allowustocontinuethiszealous
effort.Wethankyou!
DELEPvolunteersession,1994.(MBJ)
6
TentativedatesforFallvolunteersessionsare:September
10,October8,November12,andDecember10.Please
sendmeanemail,kcoppola@ag.arizona.edu,orcall(520)
318-7047tolearnmore.KC
DELEP Personnel
MarkBierner,Ph.D.
Director
Currentlyactivevolunteerswhohavevolunteeredsince
DELEP’sbeginninginclude:
ClydeAdams
BillBearly
KarlMay
DanSims
EdWeber
Therestofourcurrentvolunteergroupare:
BobandJoanBriggs
CarolandMauryClapp
KayandMikeFagan
JeanandGeorgeGirard
JanetandCharlieGray
LauraHollander,
BillKendall,
CesarandHazelLee,
CarmenandMatMatsuda
SusieMay
ShariandEdMontgomery
PiaReynolds
PatriciaRorabaugh
MarvSmoot
JackandIolaStroehlein
MatthewB.Johnson
BotanicalSpecialist
KenCoppola
Horticulturist
MargaretNorem,Ph.D.
EditorAridus
KirstenLake
FloristicsCoordinator
BruceKlewer
AdministrativeAssistant
Volunteer Coordinators
YumaFields
PamelaHonaker
MichaelChamberland
ElizabethDavison
DavidEllis,Ph.D.
StephanieGreene,Ph.D.
LeslieGunatilaka,Ph.D.
RyanHuxtable,Ph.D.
MichelleMcMahon,Ph.D.
KenMorrow
PamelaSlate
RaymondTurner,Ph.D.
PastandpresentvolunteersinourYumagroupinclude:
GailCulver,
PamelaHonaker
GlenBranham
TerenceDonovan
JoePrincipi
Wearesaddenedattherecentpassingofvolunteerand
formerUACollegeofAgricultureprofessorT.CurtTucker.
Ourcondolencestohisfamilyandfriends.
Advisory Board
7
KeithTaylorandKenCoppolaplantingin1989.
DanSimsandBillBearlyvolunteering
inthegreenhousein1989.
To Volunteer:
Opportunities for Participation
DELEP’sbulletinAridus,ispublishedthreetimesannually
tostimulateinterestindesertlegumes,informourreaders
ofDELEP’sactivities,andencouragesupportofDELEP’s
programs.Manuscriptsrelatedtolegumesarewelcomeand
shouldbemailedtotheeditorforreview.Subscriptionsare
complimentary and are available by contacting the DELEP office.
AridusispublishedbyTheUniversityofArizonaforTheDesert
LegumeProgram.
FinancialsupportforDELEPisprovidedbyprivateindustries,
governmentagenciesandindividualsthroughcontracts,grants
andcontributions.Dedicatedvolunteerworkisanintegral
componentofDELEP.Ourvolunteershavemanydifferent
backgroundsandworkonvariousprojectsincludingwildseed
collecting, seed processing, special events and office tasks. Delep
volunteersmeetonceamonth.
Call(520)318-7046
Email:kcoppola@ag.arizona.edu
To Contribute:
Calltodiscussapledge,restrictedgift
orestateplanning
Makeacheckpayableto
DELEP/UofAFoundation
MailtoDesertLegumeProgram
2120E.AllenRoad
Tucson,AZ85719
8
DELEP’Sboardofdirectors,1996:KeithTaylor,WarrenJones,BobKneebone,RayClark,
CindySalo,PhilUpchurch,BillFeldman,AllanDunstan,EdWeeber,RyanHuxtable.
TheUniversityofArizona
DesertLegumeProgram
2120E.AllenRoad
Tucson,Arizona85719
U.S.A.
Return Services Requested
NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
PERMIT NO. 190
TUCSON, ARIZONA