Presented by
Deconstruction Seminar Class
SUNY-ESF
Sustainable Construction Management & Engineering Department
Professor Paul Crovella
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Introduction & project description
Deconstruction models & benefits
Oakland Street houses – a missed opportunity
Standard/Raynor houses – a second chance
Inventory for Standart/Raynor houses
Cost analysis
Environmental impacts of demolition
Closing thoughts
“US companies generate
136 million tons of building
related construction and
demolition (C&D) waste per
year or nearly 40% of the
total solid waste stream.”
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
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1,700 vacant houses in Syracuse*
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~ 50 demolished each year
6 houses torn down in Manlius, Rt. 92 (3/2011)
Deconstruction, store in Carousel Mall (3/2011)
Full deconstruction Oswego pending (5/2011)
US Bowling Congress Women’s National
Tournament – all walls, floors, carpeting = 3,
3BR houses (7/2011)
*City of Syracuse, 3/23/11
11 houses are to be removed for the construction of a parking lot
and associated SUNY-ESF new academic building on the adjacent lot
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Successful Deconstruction Businesses & ReStores
 Buffalo Reuse (Buffalo NY)
 Finger Lakes ReUse (Ithaca, NY)
 ReHouse (Rochester, NY)
 H4H ReStore (Syracuse, NY and throughout NYS)
 ReStore Home Improvement Ctr (Springfield, MA)
 Green Worker Cooperative (South Bronx, NY)
 Deconstruction King (Pittsburgh PA)
 Urban Habitat Chicago (Chicago IL)
 The ReUse People (CA)
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Workforce Development
Educational
 SUNY – 30+ programs
 Curriculum development
Cluster business catalyst =
expand local tax base
Reduce need to extract raw
materials
Save energy, reduce environmental impact C&D
Support green building practices, earn LEED credits
Recover irreplaceable building materials
Better management hazardous materials
Deconstructioninstitute.com
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 Phthalates
 Lead
 Flame Retardants- PBDE
 Mercury
 Pesticides
 Formaldehyde
 Halogenated Flame
Retardants
 PVC
 CFC’s
 HCFC’s
 Neoprene (chloroprene)
 Cadmium
 Chlorinated Polyethylene
and Chlorosulfonated
Polyethlene
 Wood treatments
containing:
Creosote
Arsenic
Pentachlorophenol
Polyurethane
Removal of (30) 2400 sq ft. homes
Demolition Deconstruction
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Administration:
Estimator:
Crew:
Truck Driver:
Store Staff:
Value-added crew:
Marketing:
Job training supervisors:
Maintenance/Warehouse:
Miscellaneous positions:
Total positions:
FTE Equivalents
Jobs created by deconstruction
Source: BMRA 2009, “Say „NO!‟ to the Track-Hoe” presentation by Dave Bennink
1
1
2
1
0
0
.5
0
1
0
6.5
1.5
3
1
8
1
4
3
1
2
1
2
26
26
17.33% more
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Approximately 1,000 tons of salvageable
material discarded (sent to landfill)
$72,000 in landfill & transportation fees
A small portion of houses were soft skimmed
by Habitat 4 Humanity
Oakland Street
 1008.56 tons sent to the landfill
• $44,376.64 in landfill costs
• $27,600 in transportation fees
 1138.47 tons diverted
• 1102.30 tons were hard fill (concrete, brick etc)
• No dimensional/ structural lumber was salvaged
• Soft Skim by Habitat For Humanity
 Salvaging of selected materials prior to demolition
• Doors, windows, hardware, cabinets, etc.
 Less than 3% diverted from landfill
•
Traditional
Demolition
Hybrid
Deconstruction
Environmental
Deconstruction
SUNY ESF?
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Traditional Demolition
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Landfill all materials as C&D waste either separated or un-separated
Hybrid: Mixed Demolition and Deconstruction
Dispose minimal material to landfill
 Faster than full deconstruction
 Save high profit, easily salvaged items with ready markets, landfill rest
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Environmental: Full Deconstruction
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Reuse/Recycle everything for both economical and ecological benefit
BEAMS
MULCH
WOODCHIPS
TO ENERGY
WOOD BENCHES
What opportunities are there for material reuse in future ESF buildings?
 11 houses
 1920’s
 33 apartments
 33,382 square feet
Dimensional lumber
1x sheathing
LBP wood siding
Flooring/arch millwork
Glass
Metals and Plastics
Roofing
Masonry
Plaster/lath
Dimensional
lumber
1x sheathing
LBP wood siding
Flooring/arch
millwork
Glass
Metals and Plastics
Roofing
Masonry
Plaster/lath
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9,700 sq ft of hardwood floors
124,211 board feet lumber (not including studs)
200,000+ cubic ft of masonry
 Has potential for recycling and reuse for LEED credits
 Reduce carbon emissions
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50,000+ sq ft roofing
 Much is newer reusable material
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D-Build (Online Database-Syracuse, NY)
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Provides a free online marketplace to sell and distribute
reclaimed materials
 Dimensional lumber, millwork flooring, reclaimed processed furniture
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Habitat Restore (Syracuse, NY)
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Non-Profit organization that accepts most reclaimed materials
and sells them to aid Habitat for Humanity projects
 Architectural components, doors and windows, toilets and sinks, and
major appliances
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Pioneer Millworks (Farmington, NY)
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Company that buys all types of mixed timbers and resells
them as is or re-mills them into reclaimed flooring
Numerous Online Reclaimed brick databases
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Syracuse Materials Recovery (Syracuse, NY)
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Ontario Recycling, Inc. (Rochester, NY)
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Plastic recycling company that will recycle PVC and Vinyl
Currently only a ecological benefit due to transportation costs, as no
market exists in Syracuse
Clifton Recycling, Inc. (Syracuse, NY)
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Local company that buys and recycles both ferrous and non-ferrous
metals
 Copper, aluminum, stainless steel, yellow brass, insulated cooper
wire, steel, cast iron
Down-cycles dimensional lumber and other wood into mulch
Recycle Masonry Onsite
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Portable machines are available in the area and it is suggested to grind
the masonry onsite and use as a fill material
“We sell more wood than all other items combined.”
Ted Reiff, President The ReUse People, CA and WA, 17-year veteran of environmental deconstruction
Standart/Raynor Block
 More than 152,670 bf lumber (includes 5,336
studs)
 9,703 sq. ft. hardwood flooring
 41,000+ bricks
“A vast, untapped resource . . . what remains of old
growth forests . . . framing timbers from turn of the 20th
century.”
“30-40% of all landfill waste is C&D.”
Bob Falk, President Building Materials Reuse Association, US Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI
152,670 bf lumber:
124,211 bf joists, beams, rafters, etc.
28,459 bf studs
(“locked in” more difficult to salvage)
Dimensional lumber
1x sheathing
LBP wood siding
Flooring/arch
millwork
Glass
Metals and Plastics
Roofing
Studs
18.6%
Joists, rafters,
beams, etc.
81.4%
Architectural
Components ~
from $1 to more
than $200
Architectural and Other
33 Kitchen Sinks
126 Bathroom
Fixtures
781 Switches and
Outlets
502 Cabinets (LF)
128 Registers
(Heat/Cold Air)
66 Exterior Doors
w/Hardware
344 Windows
236 Interior Doors
w/Hardware
239 Light Fixtures
Valuing Materials
Oakland Street salvage
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Landfill –
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Recycle – Salvage Value
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Reuse –
Tipping Fees &
Environmental Costs
Resale or Savings
e-Bay sales similar items:
SOLD
10/21/10 @ $94.89 (18.25” x 26.5”)
10/19/10 @ $49.00
#125 Standart
Hi, I saw your ad on Craigslist regarding the
salvaged items. That’s exactly what I do! I create art
and other creations from found, unused, salvaged
and discarded items. I support my family with my
art . . . I would love to be a part of your attempts to
keep your demo out of the landfills! Jen T.
APOC – A Piece of Cleveland
“Hi, I am a designer/fabricator
located in Skaneateles, NY. I
design and build unique home
furnishings using only reclaimed
and recycled materials. I typically
work with wood and steel but I'm
open to any materials. I would love
to be involved in the reclamation
process of these homes.”
unite two design, skaneateles, ny
Case Study:
Featured on NPR’s Morning Edition, November 29, 2010
 Transforms porcelain waste into Debris Series tile
 Over 60% (mostly post-consumer) recycled content
 Also recycle glass, granite dust
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Waste porcelain – bathtubs, vanities, toilets
17 containers, 150 tons diverted ~ 8 months
Crushed into porcelain
particles and pulverized
porcelain dust
Debris Series Recycled Tile
Photos courtesy: Fireclay Tile
Zanker Road Recycling
Center (San Jose, CA) can
crush 150 tons in one
morning
Case Study:
Architectural Gabions make use of salvaged stone, brick, rubble
Basement 131 Standart
City Design, Edinburgh Architecture
Visuals Unlimited
Case Study:
Brad Kittel, Tiny Texas Houses builds tiny custom houses from 99% salvaged
materials originally destined for a landfill
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Bricks 41,000+ @ $0.35 ea
Lumber 5,336 Studs @ $1.50 ea
Hardwood Flooring 9,703 SF @ $4/SF
Metals recycled @ $300/house
TOTAL
$14,350
$ 8,004
$38,812
$ 3,300
$64,466
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Architectural Components (33 apartments)
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Switches/Outlets (780 @ .25)
$
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Light Fixtures (239 @ 9.00)
$ 2,151
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Windows (344 @ 30.00)
$10,320
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Doors (66 ext/236 int @ 25.00)
$ 7,550
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Heating Grates (128 @ 10.00)
$ 1,280
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Cabinets (502 @ 12.00 LF)
$ 6,024
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Sinks (43 b, 33 k @ 20.00)
$ 1,520
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Tubs (40 @ 50.00)
$ 2,000
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Toilets (43 @ 25.00)
$ 1,075
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Washers & Dryers (12 @ 50.00)
$
600
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HWH (11 @ 30.00)
$
325
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Ranges (25 @ 50.00)
$ 1,250
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Refrigerators (22 @ 50.00)
$ 1,100
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Miscellaneous ($900+/house)
$10,000
Total
195
$45,390
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Un-separated
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829 tons @ $44/ton
Total = $36,476
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Separated Waste
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Roofing Material = $545
Sheathing/Siding = $2,793
Lumber = $3,216
Masonry = $883
Plaster/Lath = $23,029
Metal Recycling = $3,300
Total = $27,166
Source: WasteCap Wisconsin
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Roofing Material = $6,050 (includes shipping) ($545 LF)
Sheathing/Siding (mulched) = $1,995 ($2,793 LF)
Lumber (mulched) = $1,900 ($3,216 LF)
Masonry (crushed) = $360 ($883 LF)
Cost to Recycle or Reuse = $10,305
Plaster/Lath = Cannot be recycled
($23,029 LF)
Metals = Income ~$3,300
Net Cost = $30,034
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11 houses, 1920’s
33 apartments
33,382 square feet
DEMOLISH
 $8,000/house = $88,000
 Includes landfill fees
 1-2 days each (+2,000 sf)
 100% to landfill
HYBRID DECON
 $17,500/house = $192,500
 Includes landfill fees
 3-4 days (+2,000 sf)
 + 30% landfill
 Donation value
 Resale value
 Job training
Demolition
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Hybrid Deconstruction
Demo $8,000/ea = $88,000
Landfill fees: $44/ton
Separated: $30,466
Un-separated: $36,476
Metal recycle: $3,300
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Total Cost:
Net Cost:
$88,000
$84,700
Decon $17,500/ea = $192,500
Landfill fees: $44/ton
Material sales: $64,466
Architectural items: $45,390
Metal recycle: $3,300
Total Cost:
Potential
Income:
$215,529
$113,156+
Net Cost:
$102,373
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Blend of demolition and manual deconstruction
Use of people and machines to deconstruct buildings
Goal: maximize reuse and recycling
Safer and faster
Source: D-Build.org
*Coined by Re-Use Consulting, Bellingham, WA
http://reuseaction.com/blog/
“Homeowners decide to deconstruct, not demolish”
by Stacy Downs, McClatchy Newspapers
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/homegarden/2014097469_deconstruct02.html
Deconstruction
House down, debris disposal
Remove concrete/hardscape
Appraisal
TOTAL COSTS
After Tax Cost*
$28,800
5,000
2,500
$36,300
$ 1,300
vs Demolition
$8,000
5,000
0
$13,000
$13,000
*Assumes combined federal and state tax bracket of 35 percent, estimated appraisal $100,000, after-tax
cash value of $35,000.
Source: The Re-Use People
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No local deconstruction operation
Worker safety
Time
Storage site for recovered materials
Lack of standards for certain recovered
materials reuse
Lack of established supply-demand chains
Recycling options limited for some materials
“The autobiography of an old board is a kind of
literature not yet taught on college campuses”
ALDO LEOPOLD
NATURAL RESOURCES
WORK OPPORTUNITIES
RETHINK & RENEW
URBAN ECOSYSTEM
Solar PV
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A 1-kW PV array now costs about
$7,000, and
System will generate 1,123 kWh/ yr
in Syracuse, NY (NYSERDA)
NY Upstate NPCC electrical
produces 774 lb CO2 equivalent/
MW-hr (eGrid)
20 yr life (panel warranty 20+,
components ~10-15) (NREL)
7000 x 2000/1.123 MW x 774 lb x 20
$ 805/ton CO2
Deconstruction
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11 houses would produce 285087
lbs. of wood (ESF class inventory)
Carbon content of wood = 47-53%
(KW Ragland 1991)
Weight of CO2 3.66 x atomic carbon
285,087 x 0.5 x 3.66/2000 = 261 tons
of CO2 equivalent material
Based on full decon $30,000/house
$330,000/261 = $1264/ton
Hybrid decon $17,500 (75% lumber)
192,500/196 = $982/ton
Bearded Brothers Deconstruction Co. is involved in
establishing new measurement techniques for calculating
carbon credits that will be useful to Green and LEED builders
“The mission of the College of Environmental
Science & Forestry is to advance knowledge
and skills and to promote the leadership
necessary for the stewardship of both the
natural and designed environments.”
SUNY-ESF Mission Statement
“The quality of life for present and future generations is inextricably linked
to environmental stewardship and the availability of natural resources.
The College’s mission plays an important role in the understanding and
management of renewable natural resources, the application of the
principles of sustainable development, and the community’s respect for the
environment through education, research and public service.”
ESF Foundation’s Beliefs
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1:15 – Mark Lichtenstein, Executive Director, CSCS
Linda Jacobs, Environmental Services Unit,
Empire State Development
Promote C&D demolition recycling in NY
Divert 7,672 tons C&D: disposal
recycling
Center for Sustainable Community Solutions (CSCS) at
the Syracuse COE will oversee
Awarded through Environmental Investment Program
at Empire State Development
Thank you ~ Questions?
THE END