2/25/2016
GENERAL IPM PHILOSOPHY AND
PESTICIDE SAFETY
Learning Objectives
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
2) An Integrated Pest Management
approach includes:
1) Integrated Pest Management is:
3
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in risk
reduction terms
Benefits of IPM in sensitive environments
Health, environmental and economic risks
associated with pests and pesticides
Key elements of IPM
4
A.
B.
C.
A science-based,
environmentally sound
approach to pest
management
An approach that relies
on the use of multiple
pesticides exclusively
An approach that relies
on the use of multiple
non chemical tools
exclusively
A.
B.
C.
0%
A.
0%
B.
0%
Scheduled pesticide
applications
Scheduled organic
pest control products
Coordination,
monitoring, ID,
sanitation, pestproofing, pesticides,
education and
communication
0%
A.
0%
B.
0%
C.
C.
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3) Inspection for pest conducive
conditions involves looking for:
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
5
6
A.
B.
C.
Food sources,
water/moisture, pest
habitat and harborage
Pests, frass/scat, tubes,
nests, openings, egg
cases, silk, and
damage
Pests, little else can be
relied upon as valuable
information

0%
A.
0%
IPM is a science-based, environmentally
sound approach to pest management
0%
B.
C.
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
7
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
8

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a
process that minimizes risks from:
 Pests
by reducing resources - food, water
and shelter
 Pesticides
by reducing
the need

IPM is a team effort!
The need for IPM in sensitive environments:
1. Children’s sensitivity to pests and
pesticides
2. Elderly sensitivities
3. Medically
compromised
vulnerabilities
4. Chemically sensitive
people
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How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
9
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
10

Pest management problems include:
 Excessive and hazardous pesticide use
 Unchecked pest problems

An independent evaluation of 29 school
systems in more than 14 states revealed
that almost half violated legal
requirements or district policies for pest
control
(Green et al.,
2007)
2.
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
11
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
12

What are some pest related asthma
triggers?
Exposure to:
 Pests
 Rodents
 Cockroaches
 Dust mites
 Mold and
mildew

Asthma affects nearly 9.5% of school
children nationally (CDC, 2011)
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2.
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
13
How IPM Reduces Risks From Pests and Pesticides
14

US EPA and the Centers
for Disease Control
recommend IPM to reduce
asthma problems
 Asthma is the number
one reason students miss
school (and caregivers
miss work)


IPM vs. conventional pesticide
applications:
 Pest populations are managed to
acceptable levels
 Reduced pesticide dependence
 Lower allergen levels
 Cost effective management
Preventative, practical action!
3.
Benefits of IPM
15
Benefits of IPM
16

Protects human and environmental health

Healthier, more comfortable environment

Preserves non-target organisms

Gives long-term Management of pests

Improves indoor air quality

Sustainable
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Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
17
13.
Risks
Associated with Pests and Pesticides
18
Health
 Environmental
 Economic risks
□

□
□
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
19
Exposure to some pest allergens can trigger
asthma
Pests can contaminate food causing food
poisoning and upset stomachs
Physical harm
 Example: rat bites
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
20
□
□
Ticks can cause of Lyme disease
Mosquito vectors can cause flu-like
symptoms or more severe symptoms such
as brain inflammation
 Example: West Nile
Virus
□
□
Stinging and venomous bites
 Example: scorpions and spiders
Between 0.5 - 4% of the US population are
prone to developing an allergy and
hypersensitivity to bee,
wasp, hornet or ant stings
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13.
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
21
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
22
 Pests
cause building and grounds damage
 Costs add up if the cause of the problem
goes unfixed
Pesticide exposure may cause harmful
effects
 Acute effects: occur from single exposure
and develop within 24 hours
 Chronic effects: occur after many lowdose exposures over time
 Delayed effects: occur after 24 hours,
sometimes as a result of multiple
exposures
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
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24
Headache
 Fatigue
 Nausea
 Diarrhea
 Convulsions
 Inability to
breathe
 Unconsciousness

Acute Effects
Chronic Effects
Birth defects
 Tumors, cancer
 Genetic changes
 Blood disorders
 Nerve disorders
 Reproductive effects
 Developmental disorders

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Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
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Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
26
Pesticides can negatively affect:
 Pollinators
 Beneficial arthropods
 Non-target plants and animals
Delayed Effects
Memory loss
 Tumors
 Cancer

Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
27
13.
Risks
Associated with Pests and Pesticides
28
Children Are Particularly Vulnerable
Children:
 Process
toxicants
differently
 Have critical
developmental stages
 Have rapid metabolic rates
 Are exposed to pesticides due to behavior
Potential
exposure to
pesticides in food and
water
In relation to body
weight, infants and
children eat and drink
more than adults
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Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
30
29
The National Academy of Sciences 1993
Landmark Report estimates that
Pesticides can
persist for years
 Pesticide
resistance

50%
of lifetime pesticide
exposure occurs in the
first five years of life
13.
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
31
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
32
Pesticide use can increase costs
 Unsafe pesticide exposure can result in
costly litigation

Are some pesticides safer than others?
 The EPA Conventional Reduced Risk
Pesticide Program
 Goal is to quickly register commercially
viable alternatives to riskier conventional
pesticides
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Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
33

34
Advantages of reduced risk pesticides:
 Low impact on human health
 Lower toxicity to non-target organisms
(birds, fish, plants)
 Low potential for groundwater
contamination
 Low use rates
 Low pest resistance potential
 Compatibility with IPM practices

33
Minimum-risk pesticides:
 Exempt from EPA registration under
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
 No EPA registration number
 Contain ingredients from a limited list
recognized as safe
 E.g., cedar oil,
cinnamon oil, citric acid
34
15.
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
35
36
Biopesticides:
 Derived from natural materials from
animals, plants, bacteria and certain
minerals
 Registered with EPA
 E.g., insect sex attractants (pheromones),
baking soda, canola oil and other natural
products

When using pesticides,
some States require:
 Physical posting of
treated areas
 Notification
 Licensing
 Other restrictions
35
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15.
15.
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
School District and Child Care Posting and Notification - Arizona
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School District and Child Care Posting and Notification - Arizona
38
ARS 32-2307 requires a licensed
pesticide applicator should notify schools
or child care facilities at least 72 hours
prior to any pesticide application
 Only licensed pesticide
applicators are allowed to
apply pesticides in schools,
child care, food service and
medical facilities
ARS 32-2307 requires that pesticide
treated areas are posted immediately
after the application for 48 hours after
 ARS 15-152 requires that school pupils,
employees, parents and guardians, have
at least 48 hours' notice before pesticides
are applied
 Sensible exemptions are
built into the statute


13.
People fail
39
Risks Associated with Pests and Pesticides
40

The purpose is to reduce risks
associated with pesticide use around
vulnerable populations
while allowing the use of effective
pesticides for pest control
when needed
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4.
5.
Key Elements of IPM
41
Key Elements of IPM
42







The IPM Coordinator or Pest
Management Point Person is
the primary contact for
all pest management
matters
 PMPs

Coordination, planning and policy
Inspection, identification and monitoring
Determination of cause of the infestation
Improved sanitation
Pest-proofing
Judicious use of pesticides/biopesticides
Education, communication, evaluation
Key Elements of IPM
Key Elements of IPM
43
44
Pest management contracts should include:
 Services in line with institutional policy
 Regular consultation with the IPM
Coordinator
 Procedures for responses to pest sightings
 Schedules for regular
inspections
 Requirements for record
keeping
PMPs should:
 Provide labels and SDS documents
 Give specific recommendations to
correct pest-conducive conditions
 Facilitate proper posting
and notification
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Key Elements of IPM
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Key Elements of IPM
46
PMPs should:
 Correctly diagnosis the cause of pest
problems
 Educate building inhabitants
 Promote least-hazardous
methods
PMPs provide leadership
 An IPM Plan keeps you organized
 IPM Policy provides direction
 IPM training provides guidance
 Regular IPM communications
keeps everyone aware

12.
6.
Key Elements of IPM
47
Key Elements of IPM
48
Inspection involves the regular
observation and recording of pest
resources (food, water, shelter):
 The physical condition of buildings and
grounds
 Assessment of pest conducive conditions
including sanitation and exclusion
 Detection of pest damage and pest
signs
Physical evidence of pest presence:
□ Rodent droppings and grease marks
□ Pests caught in sticky monitoring traps
□ Flies caught in UV
light traps
□ Ant, bee and bird
nests
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7.
Key Elements of IPM
49
Key Elements of IPM
50
Monitor and repair leaks
 Repair leaky valve boxes
 Keep flooring, machinery surfaces dry
 Ensure rainwater drains
away from buildings
 Ensure air-conditioning
condensate does not pool
in drop ceiling tiles
or attic areas

Under optimum
conditions some
mosquito species
can develop from
eggs to adults in
as little as four
days
7.
Key Elements of IPM
Key Elements of IPM
51
52
Focus on
prevention:
 Improving
sanitation
reduces access
to food
 Example: dirty
floor drains
Rapid clean-up food spills
 Restrict food and drinks to certain areas
 Seal stored food in pest-proof containers
 Maintain clean, debris free dumpsters
 Deep clean Pest Vulnerable Areas:
 Kitchens
 Cafeterias
 Food storage rooms

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Key Elements of IPM
53
Key Elements of IPM
54
Maintenance:
 Prevent pest
access by
“pest proofing”
Effective door
sweeps and seals
can reduce pest
entry up to 65%
Pest Entry
Points
Key Elements of IPM
55
Key Elements of IPM
56
Ensure door sweeps and weather stripping
provide a tight seal around entryways
 Seal cracks, crevices and holes around
exterior wall
penetrations

Prune plants to maintain
three feet clearance from
buildings
 Create a 12-inch
vegetation-free perimeter
around building
foundations

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Key Elements of IPM
Key Elements of IPM
57
58
Mold can cause health problems
 Too much exposure to mold may cause or
worsen conditions such as asthma, hay fever
or other allergies
Problematic

Excellent
Cockroaches live in and feed on
cardboard boxes
4.
4.
Key Elements of IPM
59
Key Elements of IPM
60
Pest identification and location:
 Determines how the pest will
be managed
 Whether or not an organism
is a “pest”
 Example: termites
Why monitor and ID?
 To detect problems
early, especially in
pest vulnerable areas (PVA’s)
Action thresholds:
 When the number of pests hits your
action threshold its time to act
 Example: cockroach
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6.
Key Elements of IPM
61
Key Elements of IPM
62
What is monitoring?
 Monitoring is ongoing, systematic pest
data collection
 Focuses on pest
vulnerable areas
Insect monitors work 24-7 to: identify type,
number and direction of travel of pests
6.
Key Elements of IPM
Key Elements of IPM
63
64

A pest sighting logs can help building
inhabitants report and respond to pest
problems
Recordkeeping is important
it allows:
 Accurate flow of
information
 Identification of
trends in pest
populations
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Key Elements of IPM
65
11.
Key Elements of IPM
66
Recordkeeping includes
 Inspection and monitoring results
 Pest complaints
 Pesticide
applications
 Evaluation of
methods
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
11.
Key Elements of IPM
Key Elements of IPM
67
Ants
Cockroaches
Flies
Mice and rats
Spiders
Termites
Bees/wasps
Bed bugs
Head lice
68
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
Pigeons and sparrows
Small mammals
Snakes
Turf, ornamental and tree insects
Disease vectors
Stinging/venomous
Nuisance pests
Weeds
Plant diseases
Form partnerships with:
 University extension
 Department of health
 Your pest management professional
 Non-governmental organizations working
to improve environmental health and
safety
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The IPM Approach
1) Integrated Pest Management is:
69
70
Prevention - focuses on preventative strategies
that reduce the chances of pest infestation in
the first place
 Remediation – resolves the reason why pests
are there if present
 Control - manages
infestations below critical
levels in the safest most
effective and sustainable
manner possible

A.
B.
C.
2) An Integrated Pest Management
approach includes:
71
A science-based,
environmentally sound
approach to pest
management
An approach that relies
on the use of multiple
pesticides exclusively
An approach that relies
on the use of multiple
non chemical tools
exclusively
0%
0%
A.
B.
0%
C.
3) Inspection for pest conducive
conditions involves looking for:
72
A.
B.
C.
Scheduled pesticide
applications
Scheduled organic
pest control products
Coordination,
monitoring, ID,
sanitation, pestproofing, pesticides, 0%
education and
A.
communication
A.
B.
0%
B.
0%
C.
C.
Food sources,
water/moisture, pest
habitat and harborage
Pests, frass/scat, tubes,
nests, openings, egg
cases, silk, and
damage
Pests, little else can be
relied upon as valuable
information
0%
A.
0%
B.
0%
C.
18