A MIX-USE DESIGN PROPOSAL OF THE MARTIN LUTHER KING BRIDGE:
A STUDY OF THE USE OF A BRIDGE IN A HISTORIC ST. LOUIS RIVERFRONT
BY
JESSE KADEKAWA MIGUEL
A.B. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
St. Louis, Missouri
1982
Submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Architecture
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
June 1986
©
Jesse Kadekawa Miguel 1986
The author hereby grants M.I.T. permission to reproduce and to
distribute publicly copies of this thesis document in whole or in part.
Signature of Author.....................
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-i- c--
Deepartment of Architecture
9 May 1986
Certified by ...........................................
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--
Fernando Domeyko-Perez, Thesis Supervisor
Associate Professor of Architecture
Accepted by .........................................j,$J.I%./
,A
r
jv
Thomas Chastain, Chairman
Departmental Committee for Graduate Students
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
JUN 041986 SO
LIBRARIES
2
Table of Contents
Abstract
Acknowledgements,
3
4
introduction
5
History
10
Analysis!
17
Program
23
Design Proposal,
30
Bibliography,
46
3
Abstract
A MIX-USE DESIGN PROPOSAL OF THE MARTIN LUTHER KING BRIDGE:
A STUDY OF THE USE OF A BRIDGE IN A HISTORIC ST. LOUIS RIVERFRONT
BY
Jesse Kadekawa Miguel
Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May
9 , 1986, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Degree of Master of Architecture.
ABSTRACT
This thesis is a exercise in a design proposal on the levee of the Mississippi spanned by a
1950's steel bridge in a historic St. Louis district known as Laclede's Landing.
My intentions are
to introduce a connection between the river and the city that will provide access to the water's
edge; to create a linear park or esplanade alongside Wharf Street that parallels the river; to
create a gateway at the Martin Luther King bridge into the Landing at Wharf Street to provide a
strong edge of the Landing;
and development of a program for a building on the water's edge.
With these intentions, the study for the design proposal proceeds from the.analysis of the
site to the development of the program.
From this, a design proposal is made.
Thesis Supervisor: Fernando Domeyko-Perez
Title:
Associate Professor of Architecture
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my deepest thanks to:
Fernando Domeyko-Perez, for his helpful advice and insight, and
for his encouragement to keep pushing; also thank you for a
wonderful experience here at MIT.
Mitzi, for the generous use of her waxer.
Skip, Arto, and Constantine, for their support and inspiration
while we were all doing thesis.
My father and mother, for their great parental and financial
support and for their patience, and the rest of the family for
their encouragement to get this done.
To Thomas and Prisilla, who helped me stay awake during the late
late hours,to Thomas especially with his "touch" on the drawings.
And to Julie, for all the help during the final days of thesis,to
the constant hours of "word-processing", and to keep me going to
make sure that I complete this thesis, and for all the love and
devotion that I shall always remember . Thank you.
4
Introduction
5
The
the
statement above shows
attitude
Mississippi
"If American cities as a whole has
not done as well with their seaport as
those
of
Europe and
other
older
cultures, with a very few exceptions we
have treated our riverfronts abdominably
by any standard at all.
Particularly
atrocious is the urban indifference to
to the Mississippi, the great water corridor which has played such a legendary
role in the development of this nation.
Admittedly, it is a difficult river to
deal with, but I have been in most of
the cities along its bank and have yet
to find between Minneapolis at the top
and
New Orleans at the bottom,
a
waterfront that does justice to it...But
not even Hannibal, Missouri, the boyhood
town of Mark Twain, who immortalized
both the form and spirit of that river
for generations of readers, not even
Hannibal has a decent riverfront..."
-Barrie Greenbie, SPACES
of
most
that the
River,
of
demonstrated
the
cities
clearly
on
the
or the river cities
Midwest,
have
with regard to the
rivers
that led to their inception in the first
place.
The
riverfronts
for the
most
-------------
6
part were used for commercial
making
and
activity,
few provisions for public
therefore
space
for public amenities
the river's edge.
at
With the invention of
the steamboats, the inland rivers became
the great highways that, as Greenbie has
stated,
became
the
"great
water
corridor" that helped develop this young
country.
these
The commercial activities
cities
occurred chiefly
riverfront.
The
steamboats,
warehouses
docks
and
at
for
of
the
the
industrial
buildings were close to the river, while
the residential development grew further
inland.
7
With
the
the coming of the
importance
of the riverfront as
port
slowly
took
the commercial activity away
diminished as
the
the water and placed it further
Later,
the
interstate
highway
a
trains
from
inland.
system
like the seaports
The riverfronts,
railroads,
and
cities,
waterfronts of the coastal
undergone
all
have
the
of
loss
importance corresponding with their loss
of commercial activity.
the
rediscovery of the
However,
with
waterfront
and
will continue the separation of the city
the potential for new use at the water's
from its riverfront.
edge,
most waterfronts
today
property along the East Coast,
York
inland
and Boston as two
cities
their rivers,
are
also
are
hot
with New
The
examples.
rediscovering
and are trying to develop
riverfront parks along the river.
Fine
examples of riverfront projects are
Promenade
Park
in
Toledo,
Sasaki and Associates,
Ohio,
the
by
and Riverdesign
in Dayton, Ohio, by Moore Grover Harper.
Both
show
fine examples of creating
a
8
public
domain
at
the
riverfront,
access to the rivers that the
providing
city of St.
back to the river,
And
city once turned its back on.
With these examples in mind, I have
selected the riverfront of St.
Louis as
Louis has always turned its
yet,
water's
fearing its strengh.
it is unfortunate that at the
edge,
the
riverfront
underutilized as a public domain,
a place for a possible proposal for this
Greenbie
recognition of the river.
with "sleazy concessions."
by
Greenbie,
the
But as stated
Mississippi
difficult river to handle.
seaports
and
the
is
Whereas
a
the
smaller
rivers
of
Dayton and Toledo allow easy
access
to
the waters,
mighty
the Mississippi is a strong
river,
with its current running
quickly down towards the gulf.
floods
Due
and high water that during
some
years
cause
high,
the Mississippi is a force to
reckoned
the waters to
with.
Because of
rise
this,
to
quite
be
the
has called
it,
a
is
or as
riverfront
9
With the criteria set for this setmy
ting,
a
create
proposal is to somehow try to
place
at
the
water's
having
accessable from the land without
to
go to the docked showboats or
"sleazy
described.
concessions"
that
edge
those
Greenbie
The design proposal shall be
an example of a exercise undertaking the
building of a waterfront park,
with
together
a building proposal (since this is
an architectural thesis) that shall be a
statement of what could, perhaps, happen
at the river edge of the Mississippi.
History
10
Laclede's
in
1763
Landing was
when Pierre
established
Laclede
Liqueste
Mississippi.
planned
the
the trading post he and Auguste Chouteau
survived
wanted
originally
"
Y',
Laclede
around the trading post started
decided that the spot was just right for
to establish on the banks of the
The village that
grid
pattern of streets
to
that
has
this day.
The
area
was
residential
as
well
as
- ---------
q~ j
,.
1,
commercial,
residential
inland,
but by the mid 1800' s,
areas
leaving
had
the
moved
landing
the
futher
to
the
steamboats
and other business concerns.
By
these
1840,
foundry,
included
various commercial
a
mill,
a
buildings,
12
and
even
the Missouri Hotel
built
in
Louis, which provided prefabricated iron
fronts,
structural members,
commercial buildings that were destroyed
items.
However,
in a fire that started aboard a
Bridge
1819.
Thus,
and
engulfed
The
rebuilding
architectural
in
1849,
much of
it was
the
mostly
steamer
riverfront.
was made easier by
iron
industry
in
the
by
the
goods
St.
paddlewheelers,
and
Eads
the railroad and
transporting
people
and
when
1873,
was completed,
automobile were
other
and
than
the
more
the
Landing
13
was increasingly ignored.
The
decline
in use was so great that by 1890, Pierre
Chouteau
first
suggested
using
the
riverfront for recreation or a memorial.
His
recommendation was a reconstruction
of the original French
Other
village.
plans were proposed in later years,
was done until the 1930's
nothing
the
Jefferson
Memorial
way
The subsequent
was proposed.
buildings
to
for the Gateway Arch
ignored
Bridge,
leaving
the area north of Eads
the
when
Expansion
National
destruction* of the older
make
but
commercial buildings that
Laclede's Landing today.
comprise
If,
soil
14
In
qualified
1960's,
the
for
the
under
designation
Missouri Urban Redevelopment Law, paving
the way for later development.
of
In
the
area
75%
government
accomplished.
these
stressing rehabilitations and the
and
demolition
one
plans,
other
reconstruction,
the
developer would have utilized the entire
Landing area.
However, due to delays in
the selection process, the redevelopment
contract
was terminated by the city
in
a
group
of
officials met to discuss how
Landing were submitted to the Board
In
vacant,
businessmen, Landing property owners and
redevelopment
Aldermen.
1972.
the
two development concepts for
late 60's,
the
Despite this setback, in 1974, with
Landing
the
corporation
of the Landing
They
would
decided
be
could
that
preferable
be
a
to
15
single
Corporation,
property
business
the
Redevelopment
Landing
Laclede's
stock
with
owners
official
owned
by
of
the
members
and
community,
the
1975,
In
ownership.
was designated
developer
of
the
as
area.
Their plan was to combine rehabilitation
In 1976 the
with some new construction.
developers
grants
with
were provided
federal
when the area was placed on
the
National Registry of Historic Places and
was designated a natioanl landmark.
Today,
complete.
is
rehabilitation
The
area
is
a
almost
popular
16
nightspot,
drawing
vistors
and
St.
Louisans alike with its many and various
restaurants and bars.
include
the
picturesque
events
Other attractions
Gateway
riverboats,
Arch,
and
the
outdoor
such as the Veiled Prophet
held on 4th of July weekend.
Landing
has
uninhabited
gone
slum
to
from
one of
Laclede's
being
the
popular and active areas in the city
St. Louis.
Fair
an
most
of
Analysis
17
Building
banks
a structure on the -levee
Because
winter.
of
the
Mississippi
is
quite
Landing
starts
at
difficult.
To
begin with,
the
river
Street,
beyond
the
the
tracks.
itself
flood
causes problems in terms of
levels;
the river has been known
to rise significantly during the
season
following
a
severely
spring
harsh
The
question
Laclede's
this,
of
railroad
elevated
the
in
comes
then
Wharf
of
the edge
proposal of. a building that will somehow
allow access to the water's edge;
the
penetration in
the
river,
cross
the
existing
direction
the
of
similar to the bridges that
Mississippi.
condition
is
Now,
such
that
paths from the land to the
major
i.e.,
the
the
water
are the small boarding bridges onto
the
on the banks of
the
which in
the
riverboats
docked
Mississippi.
peak
of
1800's
the
The levee,
the steamboat era of the
was used as a true
landing
midfor
various shipments of cargos carried
I t-A.
A
V
I'
19
on the riverboats,
today is used mainly
levee
proposing
a
building
of the Landing edge,
concerning
follows:
such
Contrast
bordering
as a parking lot.
In
1.
a
the
proposal
on
the
issues
are
as
of
the
two
Laclede's Landing.
bridges
The Eads
Bridge elegantly meets the land with its
solid
heavy masonry and
creating
Landing
block
a
wall
that
Roman
arches,
protected
the
from the demolition of the
40-
urban
fabric
which
became
the
20
setting
Arch.
the
for
Eero
Saarinen's
Gateway
The Martin Luther King bridge, on
other hand,
the Landing,
soars and floats above
making the north border of
create
access
that
is
provide
itself.
2.
be
Luther
the
King
area under
Bridge
to
create a sense of an entry or a wall
at
Wharf
an
area
to
the
Martin
levee
Street,
at
the
and use this area as
provide
a connection
to
the
water's edge.
3.
With
towards
allow
the opportunity to
the water,
penetrate
establish a way
the public a greater
opportunity
of close contact to the river,
vistas -up and down the river,
to
allowing
and views
of Eads Bridge and the steamboats on the
river.
The goal would therefore be
to
the
water.
The
possible choices can be to create a zone
the Landing undefined at ground level.
Using
to
close to the water's edge
protection
from
the
yet
river
With the access, the goal shall
to create a continous public
from the city to the water,
access
rather than
21
entering
is
through a transition area that
non-public,
which is currently
the
a.
The levee,
that
ties
function of the existing levee itself.
historical
4.
most
The selection of the area around the
Martin
Luther
King
for
the
design
proposal was due to these conditions:
as a historical
the Landing as part
past,
Bridge,
under
the
of
the
should remain for the
part as it is.
proposal
entity
By
locating
the Martin Luther
the
King
majority of the levee
can
remain intact.
b.
In
the Urban Design Guidelines
Laclede's
views
edge
under the topic
from the Landing at
is
"maintain
of
Landing,
stated
that the
the
goal
is
obstructions,
of the river."
however,
to
visual and physical immediacy
barriers
structure shall be allowed to block
view
of
river's
the Landing and the river," and
railings,
of
that
a
One can
or
the
maintain,
building in the
designated for the proposal can
"No
area
enhance
22
the levee rather than detract from it by
public
providing
river
the
also act as a frame for
and
water,
access to the
view together with the Eads Bridge.
is
from
river
overall
the
imperative to see
not
It
person
a standpoint of the
walking along the river's edge.
c.
encouraged,
state:
strongly
use of the levee is
Land
"
the
as
design
guidelines
riverfront's
The
unique
setting is both attractive and vital
the
Levee
area.
Types
encouraged.
encouraged
use
include
of
should
land
restaurants,
to
be
use
a
merry-go-round, recreational boating for
individual
Parking is
or
touring
discouraged."
boats,
etc.
Program
23
creation
The
set
the
from
came
proposal
this
for
program
of the
of
issues and goals mentioned in the design
intention
The type of
of this thesis.
to do for this particular site
building
is a hard decision to make,
is
since there
levee
no existing "building" on the
the Union Electric
edge at the Landing;
plant
power
at
situated
hardly
north of
the
is
but
is
the river's edge,
a useful prototype to bring
public to the water's edge.
the
Landing
program
the
Therefore,
was created with what
was
currently existing at the levee (the St.
Louis
Visitors
Showboat),
other
Center,
the
Goldenrod
plus examples and ideas from
waterfront
cities
that
have
utilized their location to exploit their
waterfronts.
The
various
components
of
the
program are described below, with a more
detailed listing in the appendix.
24
Wharf Street
As
the
along
street
the
river
running
edge
and
linearly
main
the
thoroughfare for the Jefferson Expansion
Memorial
Street
and Laclede's
Landing,
Wharf
is important as the street
which
people shall
the
riverview.
overlook
river
the
place
good
surface,
or
off
the
Street
Wharf
experience,
could be a walkway
this
sitting
encounter
The area in which they shall
be a memorable
should
from
providing
lying down by
with
places
providing
and
a
for
Waterfront Plaza
The
a
promenade or esplanade instead of just a
Martin
sidewalk.
the
portion of the site under
Luther King that reaches out
water's edge shall be a place
shall
water's
provide the public access to
edge
the showboats.
and act as a landing
the
to
that
the
for
The site at the river's
_WWRIANO
25
edge
to
shall step down at certain
provide
boats,
a dock
but
the
for
plaza
points
small
private
itself
should
remain mostly a hard surface; preferably
perhaps the use of cobblestones to refer
back
to
The
the original levee
materials.
reason for not proposing a
park
at
the
possibility
edge
is
due
"green"
to
the
of severe floods that occur
from time to time; the Mississippi River
is
hard to control in
other
rivers.
plaza
shall
flooding,
provide
Because
be subject
but
a
comparison
of
this,
the
to. occasional
for the most part
zone for
with
shall
waterfront-related
public and private uses.
The Goldenrod Showboat
One of the last remaining authentic
showboats
in the world,
Showboat
is
Historic
Landmark.
provides
a
Dining
Room,
a
the
Goldenrod
registered
National
buffet
The
in
followed
Goldenrod
the
by
Captain's
a
lively
26
musical
review
or comedy melodrama
in
that
provided a view of the
the 400 seat Palace Theatre.
close-up
St. Louis Visitor Center
the
located
Currently
on
Visitor
Center
shall be
part of the building
information,
maps,
facilities
restroom
same idea, but rather than an "aquarium"
relocated
as
Tourist
souvenirs, film and
will be
available
museum is proposed as a
way
of
Baltimore
that
which
a knowledge of the river to
the
Aquariums
designed by
This idea
in
stemmed
Boston
Cambridge
provided a view of the
an
Louis
attracting the public and providing them
from
Similarly,
St.
program.
they are returning.
them.
approach
Riverfront Museum
with
seas around
of
small
for visitors to the riverfront.
A
gave fuller knowledge
a
in
the
the river,
tugboat
and
waterworld
and
Seven
waterworid
of
for this museum came with
the Mississippi,
history,
plus
the
a museum
the
for
its
history of the
St.
27
Louis riverfront, shall provide the same
type
of
of
educational knowledge
the
riverfront museum
will
house
the
Early
history of the discovery
the
Mississippi
(LaSalle,
History of the steamboats:
Natchez
and
the
Robert
race
E.
of
Lee,
Role of the river during the
Civil
War (Ironclad).
4)
Excerpts from Mark Twain's LIFE
ON
THE MISSISSIPPI.
5)
Showcase
story
of the
movie
"The
Mississippi
7)
History of Laclede's Landing at
its
DeSoto,
Goldenrod Showboat.
3)
the
1938
the
of
Laclede)
2)
River",
of
heyday.
the following:
1)
Showing
during the Depression.
river and the land.
The
6)
of
Ead's
Bridge
building, construction, history).
(its
"The National Park Service developed
a splendid concept with Eero Saarinen's
spectacular arch, which marks the "Gateway to the West" at St. Louis. This is
indeed a national landmark with great
symbolic value...However, although the
city of St. Louis is billed as a collaborator in its development,the surrounding environment does not live up to the
challenge of the concept, either as
symbolism or as design. The gleaming,
soaring arch is on a narrow, federally
owned park wedged between an ugly city
and sleazy riverbank concessions.
-Barrie Greenbie, SPACES
28
29
w~ac~eJ~~agc
V-i
~A
4
5T
7rTOO
Master
Plan
ucJi",
MR
0
:3I 34D
We
150
m
_
Design Proposal
30
31
n
n,
Martin Luther King
Boulevard
-
~
- -r~
- - r-3 --- - - --
-- T-
ao
0
El
-E~
Laclede's Landing Blvd.
0
o
0
Ti-- -1--
0
0
C/)
o
A
0
0
\a
Morgan Avenue
- *A-'
--
Liee
-
- -*-
020
40
N
32
..
-
Levee
-
- -
Site Plan
Goldenrod Showboat
N-
0
~ L2
20
I
40
I
80
33
-
-
-~1
~~~~~1
d
II
a,
0
Ground Floor Plan
N
0
20
40
.34
El1
Second Floor Plan
N
0
20
40
35
E
0
- ==
O
Dl
0
O
II
II
II
II
ii
II
Third Floor Plan
N
0
20
40
36
Section
0
20
50
37
Axonometric
38
The
process of the design proposal
came about with the issue of the use
of
the bridge, or rather the underside part
of
the
bridge
as
a
architectural
problem.
problem,
idea
the
structure
the
setting
As
for
a
would have
massing
been
that is hanging over most
Martin
Luther King Bridge
an
as
a
of
the
answer to the gesture of the Eads Bridge
water's
anchorage. In fact, the earlier scematic
proposal
design proposal called for an
apartment
at Wharf Street that extended out toward
building
from
the river.
that
bridge.
was
hanging
the
However, the idea of having an
assets.
Because of
these,
started from the ground
a
level
A wharf-type extension is to
be build on the levee itself,
extending
actual access to the water's edge became
as
Goldenrod
much
Showboat is moored.
more
interesting
challenging,
other
after an investigation
waterfront
resurgence
if
of
cities
the recognition
and
of
not
of
far
as
the
anchored
The wharf must be a
solid
foundation for the building,
for
the
raised
piles would be insufficient
for
the
the strong Mississippi currents.
39
The
whole
wharf structure shall extend. a
block width of Laclede's
Boulevard
and Morgan Street,
Landing
with
streets extending out toward the
This
the
in
Laclede
to
Liquest's founding of the
The
structure
shall
plaza
the Goldenrod Showboat, thus making it a
Visitor's
true
restaurant.
landing.
shall
be
terraces
the
down
This part of the
waterfront
to the
wharf
park
gangplanks,
that
isolated
and
1 \\
there will be three terraces: the first,
off of Wharf Street shall be part of the
linear
esplanade that extends from
the
Jefferson National Expansion Memorial to
the
Union Station power plant north
of
the landing; the second terrace shall be
a
small
park on its own that
will
be
filled with fountains and pools; and the
third
terrace shall be a open plaza
the edge of the water,
at
with a sculpture
Pierre
commemorating
city
of St. Louis.
river.'
shall provide a simpler access
center
the
This
this
a
cafe,
building
the museum in
-j
open
Louis
St.
the
house
Center,
from
nearest
and
has
order
U
a
been
to
=I
40
The Museum fills up the area of the
create a different identity, and also to
be
situated
Showboat.
Because
Mississippi
on
this
provide
Center
Museum.
closer
to
the
Goldenrod
the Museum
shall be the main
wharf,
there
was a
better access to the
without
having
to
of
the
wharf
under
Luther
King
Bridge
as a solution to fill that
area
in
need
at the levee.
Visitor's
enter
the
to
break-away
bridge.
the
Martin
a similar manner as the Eads
building
to
the
Bridge
However, there was a need
from
the
zone
of
The result is an extension
the
of
Museum at the Wharf Street edge (in
41
order to create a zone on the south side
for
daylighting
and
purposes),
galleries.
the
diagram of the Museum became an L-shaped
structure,
the
opposite
curved
is
with the Visitor's Center at
the
of
leg
the
"L".
A
On
the first floor,
upon entering,
visitor,
shall stop by the ticket
booth/information
desk.
He shall then
atrium at the corner of the
"L"
be
within
the
movie "The River", about the Mississippi
main
focal
point
led
to the
auditorium,
Museum; it is the entrance lobby as well
during the Depression,
as the point of reference for the Museum
After that,
visitors
the
while
walking
through
the
where
the
will be showing.
he will then be led to
the
galleries on the two floors above by the
42
ramp.
The
galleries
shall
have
a
variety of exhibitions, ranging from the
history
of
the
Mississippi
history of the Landing.
to
the
to
for
exhibit,
the history of the river shall
example,
be
the
in
the gallery that extends out between
and through the west pier of the
Martin
existing Laclede's Landing buildings.
With
these
somehow
the
there
is
below,
Likewise,
design of a
gallery,
situated
are
the
the
and
riverboats
the
within the area,
This
water
in
the
history of
this case,
Bridge,
which
is
construction.
propose
solid
masonry
somehow
not
justify
the
of
Landing
shall
be situated in the gallery at the
point
away
from the underside
of
the
Landing,
building
advised
However,
language of the Martin Luther
therefore,
that
in
brick was avoided because of
the
of
to
the
rules
new
cast-iron.
the
gangplanks
its steel
brick or
In
and materials
the
structure
need
building.
strong set of
studying
recalls
bridge
a
river today while
the bridge above and the
between
of the
design guidelines of Laclede's
seeing
history.
there was a
of
maintain a singular language in
design
dictate
its
the difference in context
galleries,
Luther King Bridge, providing a means of
the
closest to the Landing, and the
rooms shall be dimensioned to recall the
The exhibitions
shall be housed in various galleries
relationship
bridge,
made of
steel.
building
the
King
To
would
bridge,
the selection of more modern
materials seemed more appropriate.
The
43
reference
steamboats,
steel
the
the
guideline of flat roofs only
since
together with the high-tech
the
use of a hip roof under the
bridge
of
the
materials
stainless
whiteness
of the SS
of
Admiral
(a
is inappropriate.
steel excursion boat built in
It is with this proposal that there
the 1920's) plus Eero Saarinen's Gateway
is
Arch was inspirational.
space at the river's edge.
Even the
Eads
a possibility to create a more urban
Perhaps this
Bridge, with its steel construction, was
is
further
argue that the levee should remain as it
proof
material.
of exploring this
newer
Therefore, the building shall
of a dream,
more
is.
then the levee should
so,
If
be made of white porcelain panels, glass
used as a place,
and
lot.
steel.
The building shall
follow
Therefore
rather than a
be
parking
a mix-use proposal can
be justified in order to encourage
of
may
one
in that
more
a choice of interaction between
and
the
river.
As for
the
man
building
or rather the architecture, the
design,
program was generated from what possible
ways
place
are
for
examination
there in order to
the
public
provide
realm.
In
a
the
of other waterfront cities,
44
the
uses for the
waterfront
ranges
from housing to
mainly
for
type
of
aquariums,
the establishment
a
references,
of
districts
park.
as
but
of
some
Through
these
well as the examination
the Laclede's Landing area came
the
ideas for these waterfront uses.
In
the
proposal,
problem
process
the
of
the
an
culmination of this thesis has
therefore resulted in a design
for
In
design
architectural
proposal
the levee of the Mississippi river.
this
exercise,
the process
was
a
result of a series of investigations and
exploration
design.
criteria became that the
was not just
The
to
be
in the issue of
waterfront
But in the end, the result has
a
building,
dimensional form,
complete
in
3-
that came as a result
of an idea for the design proposal.
The
design issue;i.e, not just the design of
final solution in a design exercise must
a building,
be a building,
design
but rather a whole range of
problems that led from landscape
design to urban design.
In a way, this
was
an exercise in the
the
proposal that dealt with not just a
single
issues.
issue,
development
but rather a
series
of
of
in
have
for I truly believe that
order to do architecture,
a
architecture
building.
are
great
one
must
Theories
on
tools
development of a design process,
in
the
but in
the end the result must be a building in
.order to set the theory straight.
For I
45
believe
that
the
proof
of
a
good
architectural building is in the result,
and that result is architecture.
0
0
30
0
I
I
0
I
I
Bibliography
46
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from the
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Louisiana Purchase
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47
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48
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1
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development and implementation plans.
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of
the Human
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Barrie
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redevelopment
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with
HOK
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development
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the
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the Laclede's Landing proposed plans plus proposals for
the
area north of the Landing.
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Master
of
Architecture and Urban Design
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figure-ground,
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in
this catalogue of opportunities for a Great American River, The
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St. Louis, MO, 1981.
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Twain
& His Work; Justin Kaplan,
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Wrenn,
Urban Land
49
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Mark
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Teaching an Old Strip New Tricks: A Renovation Proposal for
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