STUDIES INTO THE GROWTH AND
FORM OF AN URBAN ACTIVITY CENTER
by
Hiroo Kurano
University
University
B. Arch., Yokohama National
M. Arch., Yokohama National
(1964)
(1966)
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFI LLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE AT THE
MASSACHUSETTS INSTI TUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
June
1971
Signature of Author .....
Apar
t ofoeture
-lw
Certified by .........
Thesis Supervisor
Accepted by .......
Chalirman, DApartmental Committee on
Graduate Students
Archives
DEC 15 1971
MITL ibraries
Document Services
Room 14-0551
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139
Ph: 617.253.2800
Email: docs@mit.edu
http:i/ibraries.mit.edu/docs
DISCLAIMER OF QUALITY
Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable
flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to
provide you with the best copy available. If you are dissatisfied with
this product and find it unusable, please contact Document Services as
soon as possible.
Thank you.
The images contained in this document are of
the best quality available.
ABSTRACT
STUDIES
INTO THE GROWTH AND
FORM OF AN URBAN 'ACTIVITY CENTER
by
Hiroo
Submitted
Kurano
in partial fulfillment of the
the degree of Master of Architecture
of Technology.
Institute
at
requirements for
the Massachusetts
The object of this thesis is to study some aspects of the
growth and form of Coolidge Cor ner, Brookline Massachusetts,
with particular attention paid to physical form.
Thesis
Supervisor:
John
Randolph Myer
2
Lawrence a,
Anderson
Dean, ScFool of Architecture and Planning
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Dear Dean Anderson:
in.partial fulfillment of the
degree of
thesis
of
requi rement
Master of Architectu re,
ent itled,
"Studies
into
the
for the
hereby submit
Growth and
a
Form
an Urba n Activity Center."
Respectfully,
Hiroo Kurano
June
1971
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This
thesis
during
The
the
was developed
spring
the Urban
this
year 1970-1971.
the following
invaluable advice and
people
in
the development
th esi s
Professor
Professor
Professor
John Randolph Myer,
Thesis supervisor, Instructor of Urban
Studio.
Julian Beinart,
Instructor of Urban
Design
Studio.
William Lyman Porter,
Instructor of Urban Design
Studio.
James Andrew Carr,
Student of Urban Design
Students
Design Studio
the academic
author gratefully acknowledges
ass istance from
of
term of
in
of Urban
Design
I, spring
Design
Studio.
1970-1971.
4I
CONT ENT S
Page
2
Abstract
Letter
to Dean
Anderson
3
4
Acknowledgements
Observation and
buil t form
Regional
analysis of
existing
Context
Texture of urban
6
7
built form
Linear building and facade
10
11
conf igurat ton
Surface area
Street
importance
15
16
pattern
19
Pedestrian lines
Beacon Street
Domain
and Harvard
Directionality of built
Street
form
21
26
Patch diagram
28
MIcroclimate
31
Solution
1
33
Choice of
scheme
Purpose of this
Difficulties
Solut ion
solution
I1
Staging
Model
solution
of this
35
35
37
Purpose of this
Evaluating
33
solution
and activity
Criteria
Photographs
37
37
54
59
Project
sketches and site photographs
B61 iography
65
74
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING BUILT FORM
Ti'tle2
REG ONAL
CONTEXT
Description:
the geographical
This diagram shows
Corner and
its
features of
Coolidge
areas.
surrounding
Purpose:
To under stand
analyze
the opportunities
Relation
to other
to
Related
importance,
features of the areas
the geographical
built
form.
drawings
of
texture
the
for new
and
linear
urban built
form,
surface
buildin g configuration and
area
linear
facade configuration.
Difficulties,
Beacon
St.
to downtown
opportunities and
runs
between
Boston.
platform half way
River
Way and
participate
to
St.
in
two
hills from Cleveland Circle
Coolidge Corner
down from
Charles
the
River.
two
the new
is
s ituated on a
hills
to
the Park
These geographical
the experience of
the vehicular movement at
so that
conclusion:
both
built form
the passenger
Beacon St.
should
features
in addition
and
be designed
Harvard
in
this
context.
7
,-*'Illo
5$3
~-zit,
--
-
0
'wK
* F-
*~-
k -4 _-
'2-i
_
.-
1-1 T
cc
A
r~. ~
* I;~
AS
Title:
TEXTURE OF URBAN
BUILT FORM
2
Description:
This diagram shows
and
the existing physical
form at the corner
its surrounding areas.
Purpose:
To understand
the scale and texture
of existing physical
form.
Relation
Related
to other drawings:
to
the patch
Difficulties,
In Lower
tion
diagram.
opportunities and
Beacon St.
conclusion:
and at Washington
from residential
to
commercial
Square,
uses
to the smaller
scale of these areas
and open green
space within residential
at Coolidge
Corner that
and
the transition
is
to
the
tran
due
not abrupt
their posit
communities.
on
t
is
This
is most abrupt.
abruptness should be reduced.
10
Title:
LINEAR BUULDtNG CONFIGURATION AND LINEAR FACADE CONFIGURATION
Description:
These diagrams
and
facade of
edge of
show the arrangement of
linear
Beacon St.
the physical
buildings which are
form
situated at the
and Harvard St.
Purpose:
To understand
the sequence of
facades which are facing
analyze
t he
Beacon
physical
St.
and
forms and
Ha rvard
the opportunities and d ifficulties
St.,
and
to
for new built
form.
Difficulties
1.
opportunities and
Distribu t ion of
linear
more continuous on
This condition
sections
2.
The
of
3.
building
Beacon
southeast area of
sequence due to
These features of
importantly
from the road.
tinuation of
and Harvard
than on
t he
The
as
to
linear
Streets
Square and
facade
Harva rd
at othe r
linear
as
new
buildings and
is
St.
inter-
Cl eve 1 a nd
poorly formed o pen
its
well
linear
Coolidge Corner- lacks
partici Date
in such a way
St.
and
is a lso more evident
like Washi ngton
the streets as
con cl us ion:
Circle.
the
sense
a rea.
facade s
at
reg i 0 n
the
form of the
l a rg er
in
the view of
the motori s t
built
form should
be designed
(1) reduce the monotony of the conbui
(2
dings
and
reduce
facades along
Beacon
the abruptness of
the
11
transisti'on between commercial
(3)
reinforce directionality of
achieve a continuity
ness
and
between
at Coolidge Corner and
facades of
the
two
residential
Harvard
St.,
uses,
and
(4)
the condition of openthe
linear
buildings and
streets.
12
I V'
I:>l
1j
p
0
It W
-M
sun facing slope
&
IILIIIUhL
11
El
wind direction
movement direction
SURFACE AREA IMPORTANCE
Coolidge Corner
Brookline. Massachusetts
4
Title:
SURFACE AREA
4
IMPORTANCE
Description:
the
This diagram shows
tion of
sun-f acing
slopes
and wind direc-
area S.
the surrounding
Purpose:
To understand the
sun-facing
wind direction and vehicular
slopes
and
relation
to the
and pedestrian movement,
and
to analyze the opportunities for the directionality of
new built
Rel at ion
Related
form,
the
form.
other drawings:
to
to
t he
l i near
regional
context,
texture of urban
building configuration and
built
l inear facade
configur atio n.
Difficulties, opportunities and conclusions:
The sun-facing
slopes of
to the south and
Corner finds
of
larger
Corner
slopes
in
in
below
combination with the directionalities
system create a quality which exists at
scale context
self reflected
those
southeast and the platform where Coolidge
itself
the street
the two hills,
for
Coolidge
the smaller
Corner and might
built form scale
the
find
it-
of Coolidge
itself.
15
Ti tIe.
5
STREET PATTERN
Description
This diagram
Corner
shows
the
road network around
and surrounding centers.
Coolidge
The circles
indicate
a six minute walking di stance from each center.
Purpose:
To understand
its
the accessibility to
relationship to
Relation
Coolidge
the surrounding
Corner and
centers.
to other drawings:
The problems with pedestrian accessibility are directly
related
to
congestion
the state of
in
Difficulties,
Compared
the road
opportu nities and concl us ion:
type
Washington) accessibi lity
of a
to make
The relation
tween
to Coolidge
Corner
Iack of orientati on.
clea r the organizati on
between
them being
road networ k (i.e.
lac k of clear geome trical
tion and consequent
be taken
degree of
the streets.
to the grid
easy because
network and
the
streets and
principal
the
areas
New York,
is not
organiza-
Steps should
that does
areas
that
exist.
lie
be-
to clarify.
16
AUBN
STREET PATTERN
Coolidge Corner - Brookline, Massachusetts
CQICLE
5
U
JJ]
£~1t02
['3
nn7
U
~h1
Lsuzz1fr
LI
17
r-Th
parkigg
-
PEDESTRIAN LINE
Coolidge Corner - Brookline, Massachusetts
6
Tit Ie:
6
PEDESTRIAN LINES
Descr ipt ion:
existing
This diagram shows
to retail
shops
town parking
There are four
addition
and offices,
pedestrian
I ines
and entrances
lots at the corner.
and parking
the corner in
lots serving
to on-street metered parking.
Purpose:
To analyze problems and opportunities of pedestrian
accessibility and
Relation
to other
Related to
The high
Harvard
2.
about
the
corner area.
drawings:
road network and microclimate.
Difficulties,
1.
parking
opportunities and
level
St.
conclusion:
of vehicular
congestion at the
intersection add
Pedestrian access to
line presents
to
the pedestrian problem.
the MBTA stops
a certain
Beacon-
is
difficult.
degree of danger
both
The
to foot
and automobile traffic.
3.
Beacon
4.
Parking:
St.
is a
barrier
for pedestrian crossing.
Double-parking
is
St.
connections
The alley
common on
both
Beacon
St.
and
Harvard
between public parking
areas
19
and Harvard
and
Beacon Streets
therefore psychological
do not provide visual
access between
these areas.
20
and
Title:
BEACON
STREET AND HARVARD
STREET DOMAIN
7
Des cr ipt ion:
The spatial
shopping
characteristics of
space at
back court.
streets
have
This diagram shows
and commercial
building
to pedestrian
because of
the corner
is
that
the
to
a strong contrast
the two different
the
spaces
fronts which are more att ract ive
their
transparence and
t rans-
lucence.
Purpose:
To define the spatial
as
characteristic of
a shopping
limit of
the area
Relation
to other drawings:
Related
1.
center.
to pedestrian accessibi l i ty and
Difficulties,
Commercial
the corner and the
microclimate.
opportunities and conclusion:
concentration
is facing
transportation
routes.
21
2.
intense contrast
3.
There
of
is
the
between
parking
access from
act ion between the
4.
One
from back court
no clear entry
opportunity
houses,
in
yards
and
spite
inter-
no
spaces.
growth encompasses
for
acc essible areas
er Iy treated,
two
and
street.
and
back court yards
in the
they could
back court
the hi ghly
if prop-
yards.
become better connec ted
vis ually and psycho logically to the new exist ing
pr ime urban
5.
space.
Coolidge Corn er has
no sense of
connection
to
its
surroundings.
6.
There
is no w ell-formed
7.
There
is no
a dequate
publ i c
shelter
space.
or resting
place for
the
publ ic.
8.
Pedestrian
9.
There
is narrow and noi sy .
is noda 1 intensity at
Harvard and
B eacon
fron ts
i ntersection
need attenti on.
Building
1.
Landscaping a nd
2.
The width of Beacon St.,
street furni tu re are min imal
the
traffic confusion
the
low
intersecti on,
density
of, the
and
level
13.
Walking
means
the
negate any
combine to
closure of space which might give the
cohesive
(of
Streets.)
0.
east corner of
the
southof
sense of en-
co rner a more
intensity.
distances within each
extreme.
However,
in
of
t he
the areas
corner,
is
by no
the uses
at
22
the periphery of
magnets
ity.
the area
to generate an
This
is
are not sufficiently
even level
particularly true of
strong
of pedestrian activthe south
side of
Beacon St.
23
NN,
[]
V110/2y
K
fjx
area experience boundary
major retail
minor retail
backyard area
>
\,
\i~
"7/
/
-.
_
_
_
_
F
-
~' -~
B7
/
sens~e of space
OF
0F FO
RM
1
I
-
--
8
DIRECTOIALTY OF THE BUILT FORM
Descr ip tion:
Directionality
of a built
form is
ception of
major
which may direct
its
as wel 1 as
movement
axis
their
defined
by one's
per-
the pedestrian's
view from one place
to another.
Purpose:
To analyze
Relation
Related
the directionality of the existing built
forms.
to other drawings:
to
the character of the
space and
pedestrian
movement.
Difficulties, opportunities and conclusion:
I.
Straight
west
and continuous
corner of
as do those of
2.
Harvard
Beacon
Discontinuity of the
tion
negates
directionality of
St.
exhibit
the
north-
strong directionality
St.
southeast
corner of
any sense of enclosure or
the
intersec-
space.
5TPA14HT/ CONiTNUO46
DPgECTIODNALrry
60PEK
0W.MrCtJ-ulTy
6T DIECT-OwAuty
26
3.The following pictures show possible
alternatives
to
uninterrupted directionality.
2
-
/
MAKE
opE~% SPALE
VI t\A)
p\LLOTI
27
Ti tle:
9
PATCH DUAGRAM
Description:
This diagram shows
patch,
that
which have
is,
the size~and place of the existing
the
identifiable
stretches of
a continuity of quality
in
that
territory
locus.
Purpose:
To understand
Relation
Related
the existing patch
to
the texture
Transition of
Small
3.
form.
and conclusion:
size
from residential
to
is abrupt.
traffic
patches
could
relationships
open
space or
cial
and
concentrate on the edge
streets and are
These difficulties
different
the existing urban built
the patch
commercial
of the
of
opportunities
commercial
2.
place.
to other drawings:
Difficulties,
1.
size and
be solved by
between
institution
residential
also abrupt
patch
location
in
this.
introducing
sizes
(i.e.
between commer-
patches.)
28
II
4
n
0
i
A
PATCH DIAGRAM
Coolidge Corner - Brookline, Massachusett
9
shadow / June 21
wind / March - AprilI
MICROCLIMATE
I
Coolidge Corner
shadow /December
-
Brookline, Massachusetts
10
21
MICROCLIMATE
Cool idge Corner - Brookline, Massaqhusetts
i
Title:
MrCROCLrMATE
10
Description:
a.
Microclimate for
bad weather.
Ayodance of rain
snow
cold wind
I
b.'
Microclimate
for cool
and cold day.
II
Sun
Avoidance of cold N.W, wind
c.
Microclimate for
hot day.
Cool S.W, wind
Avotdance of hot sun
The two diagrams
on June 21
p.
71
show
and December
Solbr Angles)
on March 28
the
shadow condition at
21,
and wind
and April
2,
the corner
(Architectural Graphic
Standards,
directions wh ich are observed
1971.
31
Purpose
To
find
the
existing good microclimates and
good microclimate
to other
Relat Fon
Related
the possible
locations.
drawings:
to the cha racter
of the spaces
at
the corner and
pedestrian access.
Difficult ies,
1.
oppo rtunities
There are good
yards which
areas
and conclusion:
possible microclimates
ar e presently used
without
in
the
for parking or
back court
service
good vegetation.
LOCAT)ON OF PoM1BLE
MICRoCMATe TOR COL*.
-01-v DAY oR> HDT D"Ay
}LOCA~nog Ov IC-PoCu MATE
'-OR BAD NEATiER.
A
2.
There
is
only one microclimate
3.
There
is
no
amusement
concentration of
activities
in
for
bad weather.
shopping,
business and
existing microclimates.
32
SOLUT 'ON
Descr tpt ion:
of
and staging
detail of activities
In
Corner.
the Coolidge
in
form
the built
the proposed diagramati c genera I scheme of
shows
This model
this
step any
building are not
the
ncl uded.
Choice of
There
scheme:
diagram on next
closing
1.
has
scheme"
is an
There
the a lternatives,
Among
page.)
2.
When an
and
enclosing
Harvard
de
develop
in
St .
that a dded
the
the
r idors
that
t hey
can
be
move
t o
a
t h
Bea c on
new and
in
eithe
but
of
The
is
place,
several
areas
have a different
r of
importan t
new and
takes
the
two cor-
dimensions
in
two
v aluable experience
0 r users
publ i c space
which
is
subordina ted to a movement corridor,
through,
edges
important opportunity
dire c tion;
pedestrian
habi tab l e.
St.
These ar e as
ha ve
In sho r t
offered
pi tabI e and
simply
of
cross
pla ce
t han
d irect ions.
a
,
cor ners
character
in
the corr i do r
Streets.
Harvard
occurs with
"en-
al ready
reference
frame of
imp ortant c ros sing
such as at
t he
been developed.
strongly ex isting which defines
Beacon
(See
for growth.
important alternatives
are many
rather a place
to
be
no
is
hos-
longer
a place
to
in.
33
OF THE SCHEME
ALTERNATIVES
I
ENCLOSING ALTERNATIVES
m Dv3
dD0
2
CROSSING ALTE RNATIVES(1)
&=I?
rnD jM0
CROSSING ALTERNATIVES
3U
Don
4
Direction of Har va rd
Street should be
upgraded to equal
that
of Beacon Street
Wa
(2)
Direct ion of Beacon St.
should be stronger in
the corner
CROSSING ALTERNATIVES (3)
Combination of (2) and
(3)
3.
wilf.le tfiere are several
tive di'agramsI which reinforce a place
'mportant form possibilities appears
continues
the frame of
two corridors
or be
form
1.
reference of
moves
inclusive about
it
those
places
to
Beacon
St.
of
this
Harvard
St.
to be.
it
be
of
the
the
include
The
specific
some other place
on
or at the corners.
solution:
study the directionality, closedness
of
higher density
ctpal
one
that which
"back" to
To
alternative
be
be,
to be the enclosure of the
be occupied, whether
or
to
to
"enclosure" of
"out" or
reference here appears
spaces
Purpose
but
(see alterna-
important "forms"
has
building
in
and openness
the corner;
here
been developed which projects
characteristic a sense of
partial
as
a form
a prin-
enclosure of
the
corner.
2.
To study
the opportunities
for good microclimates.
3.
To study
the opportunities
for a pedestrian way
and
places.
Difficulties of this
J.
The dimension
of the proposed
buildings
too big
feasible
the
limited
built
form.
to be
the existing
2.
solution:
The partially
parcel
due to
size and
enclosing
form is
sive of the area exterior or
to
is
in general
dimension of
some degree exclu-
back of
it.
35
3.
Wiat
4.
What happens
small
5.
Does
6.
Is
happens
if
one
if
different
increments
to
part grows
large
scales of growth occur increments?
it have adequate parking for
the presence of the tower
Vill
and not others?
each area of growth?
important
its absence make other attributes
to the
scheme?
of the scheme
inval id?
36
SOLUTION
II
Purpose of
1.
To
identify and solve
Solution
2.
To
solution:
this
the difficulties
contained
in
I.
possibilities of staging
show the
for different
scales of growth.
the activities
3.
To
indentify
4.
To
identify the basic
Solution
projected
in
necessary
in detail
intended for
criteria
and
I
for
each area.
implied by
the urban
the criteria which
form
are
the area.
Staging and Activity:
Staging
Activity
is
is
shown
shown
in diagram #13
in diagrams
One possibility of staging
and succeding
#14,
15,
and
of activity and
photographs.
16.
building
is
follows.
Staging
criteria:
1.
Land vacancy.
2.
Demolition
priority.
(Studied by Michael
P.
Buckley,
see diagram #11)
3.
Ownership.
4.
Parcel
5.
Desirability of activity at proposed
aggregation.
time
of
development.
37
as
AREA A/Si'oppi'ng
Stage I
Area
Ground Fl.
Shopping Arcade
expansion of the existing arcade
at Harvard St., connection from
existing Harvard St. shopping way
to Beacon St. shopping way.
retail - restaurant - parking
2nd Fl.
-
retail
restaurant -
professional
office
Stage
2
Ground Fl.
South
Part
lobby - arcade - res i den t i a I
service - parking
2nd Fl.
parking
3rd FT.
hotel
or
residential
North Part
Ground Fl.
small
2nd Fl.
retail
shopping plaza
-
retail
restaurants
-
office
-
38
AREA B/SToppjng and Entertainment Area.
;1.
Stage
1
Ground
Fl.
small
shopping and entertainment
plaza
seating, eating and talking
place - connection from
Harvard St. shopping way to
Beacon St. shopping way retail - restaurant - residential service
2nd
Stage 2
Fl.
Ground Fl.
pedestrian way restaurant
-
North Part
lobby parking
Stage 3
retail
residential
service
2nd Fl.
retail
3rd Fl.
office or residential
Ground Fl.
existing
2nd Fl.
off ice or
-
professional
--
office
retail
res idential
BEAC.O0 $.
iAtk ViR1T ?4Z\VaE
S
rir~
ettxoo oT- Airit po:: Vi-r M V_-vtj-VILAZA
39
P.
AREA C/EntertaInment and
Stage
1
Ground Fl.
[nformation Area
plaza and
city room
the first hand information
and ideas that form the
general interest of every
citizen are distributed
from the moment of the reentry of a spaceship to the
announcement of international
crisis, national events and
weather forecasting - retail
post office - restaurants
2nd
Fl.
air-right bridge - retail
restaurant - office
office
3rd Fl.
Stage 2
Ground
Fl.
East
Part
residential
restaurant
for theatre
2nd
Fl.
3rd Fl.
Stage
3
-
theatre
-
-
service office -
retail
service
office
office
East Part
residential
or office
40
AREA D/Resldentital
Area
Ground Fl.
play field or park - parking
super market - gas stand residential service - lobby
2nd Fl.
nursery school - office
residential service roof garden
3rd
residential
Fl.
-
41
-
0.
''
JOHN
r
i~
ir
m
f3
I
U
__
4-1~
I
,1 V '
In1
/
/.
a,
h~** ~z§Ii
~
fl[f
-
IT!
ST
A
*~
2~.
cleared site
demolition potential
TIAL / CLEARED AREAS
. Brookline. Massachi
-
-:
I
srRCCr
~iji
-
C
1<.
.~'
ii,
U0
0
C,
~
7
A
4,
4,
A
7K
A>
76
:'
I,
OUUAMUH
I
r2
,F
sUM
4
cop
t04
-.1 E:1
PARCEL CONFIGURATION
Coolidge Corner - Brookline, Massachusetts
N
12
NI
F-un
~i~I
p'-----Y&f
)
K
/
'T
c~f:
D
)b
-0
iL
SOLUTION 2 / STAGING
Coolidge Corner - Brookline, Mass
ts
7
/
/
/
~1
/
'<N
q,AV,
I,
r
It
~
II'
iu
f'
~jI~
V/1
IJ
retail
entertainment
residential services
professional offices
bus iness
residential
parking
institution
EXISTING USAGE
Coolidge Corner
:~*
Brooki ine, Massachusetts
1
14
12
-1
I
P
Ir
/
SOLUT ION 2 / GROUND LEVEL USAGE
Coolidge Corner - Brookline , Massachusetts
15
11
r
jm %,
!oVA
Se
1'
A
~
IFA
~-
i)L J
I
0
11
I
fma
covered pedestrian
uncovered pedestrian
traffic
SOLUTION 2 / PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN AND TRAFFIC CIRCULATION
Coolidge Corner - Brookline, Massachusetts
17
CRtTERIA
EVALUATtRG
A/Pedestrian:
1. The
and
pedestrian circulation
rr
Solution
consisting of
covered pedestrian
I
s series of MBTA stops,
plazas where
paths and pedestrian
business and amusement
shopping,
Solution
loop provided for
take
activities
place.
P"EET2lAS
CIROALA1010 LOO P
Th is pedestrian circulation loop has three functions:
a.
the pedestr ian
To protect
and confusion of vehicular at
friction
level
from the high
the
of
inter-
sect ion.
b.
the activit ies of
To connect
the four blocks
at the
corner.
c.
To minimize the barrie r of
by
crossing
at Beacon
2: The
including
Beacon
St.
the a ir-right
for
pedestrian
pedestrian way
St.
pedestrian
loop should
for
hav e good microclimates
bad weather, cold and hot days
3. The
pedestrian
places
for
hav e shelter and
resting
the public.
4. The pedestrian
business
loop should
loop should
and amusement
hav e concentration of
shopping,
sctivit
54
5.
The pedestrian loop should provide a direct access to
MBTA stops.
Ax
PEDE52tAMl
Loo p
a.
It
<r.
IFOZ MBSTA STUOZ5
.
should minimize the degree of danger presented
the friction and confusion of
intersection of
b.
The
level
Harvard and
changes
pedestrian way
the MBTA stops at
Beacon
minimized
the
Streets.
between ground and
should be
the air-rights
through
building
section manipulation.
B/Location of high density
The
solutions suggests
building:
some
rejoining of
the high
densit y
bu i Id ing.
1. The
location of high density building
sense of enclosure and space
2.
Directionality of
indicate the
as
direction of one
should make a
previously discussed.
the high density
building
should
of
or more possibilities
pedestrian movement.
3. The
high density physical
form should
insure
sense of entrance to
Beacon
St.
4. The
and Harvard
structure
microclimate
existing
be designed
both
should not
etc.,
of the
from
new, higher
negatively effect
of the pedestrian environment
surrounding
to
St.
shadows, wind patterns,
density
the corner
residential
by
the
or that
of
structures.
55
C.
eicular
and parking:
movement
1. The solution should
on Harvard and
circulation
2
tt should
traffic movement
facilitate through
Beacon Streets
and
provide a vehicular
loop to accomodate movement
provide direct access
between
to parking on
streets.
the
loop.
(RC~UtAMr)
3.
tt
should provide adequate parking at
all
stages of
development,
4.
ft should minimize conflict of vehicular
and
pedestrian
c Irculat ton.
5.
ft
should develop a service network for goods
distri-
but 6 n.
D/Criteria
areas A,
I
B
specific to public
C
and
space at Coolidge Corner
D
Area A
a.
The
solution
activities
at
should
connect
Harvard
and
Beacon
sheltered pedestrian way as
arcade
at
Harvard
the existing
Streets
shopping
with a
a continuation
of existing
St.
56
B.
rt
whtch
easily
is
Area
a.
the
proposed
tt should provide a clear entry for
the pedestrian
Center St.
access from
2.
from
way
pedestrian
*c.
accessible
Harvard St.
plaza at
should provide a shopping
B
The solution
tainment
shou Id
plaza
provide
in the court
a shopping and enteryard areas
of
the exist-
ing buildings.
b.
It
should
include an
reduce the effect of
pedestrian
c.
It
air-right
Beacon St.
between harvard St.
and
mize the feeling of
leve I chan ge at
It
It
barr ier
a
should maximize t he d iffere nce of
lower
should provide a cl ea r
dential
e.
as
to
for
crossing.
the air-right pedest r ian
d.
pedestrian way
levels
the ground
St.
Beacon
to minito
the access
way.
entr y
from the back
resi-
area.
should provide a good
microclimate
for the shopping
and entertainment plaza and the pedestrian way.
3.
Area C
a.
The solution shou ld provide a main plaza with entertainment and
info rmation activities.
57
b.
It should connect Vebster St.
complete the vehicular
to Longwood Ave.
circulation
to
loop.
7
W(ON ST.
IoNrWOoD AVE.
MOSOE
c.
It
should
plaza
and
provide a
good
ST,
microclimate for
the main
the pedestrian path.
4. Area D
a.
The solution should
provide a pedestrian path
connect the activit y of area A with that
b.
tt should provide a play field
or park
to
of area
fo r
the
resi-
dential area.
c.
It
should provide a good microclimate for the
pedestrian path and
C.
play field.
58
JI
18 Solution 1
19 Solution 1
20 Solution 2
21 Solution 2
22
23
24
25
26
plan
view
plan
view
view
view
from Harvard Street/west
from Harvard Street/west
from Harvard Street/east
from Harvard Street/east
with tower
Solution 2 - view from Harvard Street/east
without tower
Solution 1 - view from lower Beacon Street
Solution 1 - view from upper Beacon Street
Solution 1
Solution 2
MODEL PHOTOGRAPHS
18
19
I
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
/
PROJECT SKETCHES - SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
%WGWS*4
~~.3-*4*,,.-low
.10,
-
OII.4*g
4
14
3-W
44
W
1
*4.*-4
A,3..hoa1d
-
2.2
+
11
4
17
-AVArL
A
-ii.
'S*3~'
1'
4,
.i
~
7
-2ti
t4
1
~'
I
r
l
I
I
1:1-1
r
V
kN
--
qf -
-
1
-
-MIRss.i
77L
--
BI BL IOGRAPHY
Adams, Howard and Greeley, Planning Consultants, Brookline
Planning for Brookline, January, 1960
Babcock, Richard F., The Zoning Game, University of Wisconsin
Press, 1966 (Chapter I-IV;VII-X)
Brookline Planning Board, The Brookline Zoning Ordinance
Delafons, John, Land Use Controls in the United States,
M.I.T. Press, 19I
(Chapter I-vIT
Haar, Charles, "The Social Control of Urban Space" in Cities
and Space (Lowdon Wingo, editor), John Hopkins Press, 1963
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, New Community:
One Alternative
Lynch, Kevin,
Image of the City, M.I.T. Press
Lynch, Kevin, Visual Analysis, Community Renewal Program,
Brookline Massachusetts, (prepared for the Brookline
Board of Selectmen) Cambridge, 1965
Maki, Fumihiko, Movement System in the City
RTKL, Beacon Street Development Study, Reconnaissance Report,
September 1970
RTKL, Beacon Street Development Study, phase 1, final report,
February 2, 1971
Sullivan, Lawrence A., "Flexibility and the Rule of Law in
American Zoning Administration" in Law and Land (Charles
Haar, editor) Harvard University Press, 1967
Warner, Sam Bass, Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in
Boston 1870-1900, Cambridge, (Harvard University Press~and
the M.I.T. Press) 1962