A HOUSING
STUDY
SYSTEM
OF MODULAR-BOX HOUSING UNITS
SYSTEM.
APPLIED TO PULL-UP
By
TONG HONGLADAROMP
Bachelor of Architecture
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Thailand.
Submitted in
Partial
Requirements
for The Degree of
Fulfillment
MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE,
of
ADVANCED STUDIES.
At the
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
June, 1973.
Author
Department of Architecture
Certified by
Thesis Advisor
Accepted by
1
1
-%
Chairman, De
rtment
Committee of Graduate Student
&tch
CJ9UL 13 1973
k
May 11, 1973.
Dean William Porter
School of Architecture and Planning
Massachusetts
Institute
of Technology.
Dear Dean Porter
In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree
of Master of Architecture, Advanced Studies,I hereby
submit this thesis entitled
A
HOUSING SYSTEM: STUDY OF MODULAR-BOX HOUSING UNITS
APPLIED TO PULL-UP
Respectfully,
Tong Hongladaromp.
SYSTEM.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author gratefully acknowledge the following people
who assisted in the development of this thesis:
Professor Waclaw P.
Zalewski,
Department of Architecture.
Professor Eduardo Catalano
Department of Architecture
Thesis Advisor.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Letter of submittal
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
Abstract
Introduction
Housing in high-density urban situation
Design proposal
Advantages of design proposal
Design proposal; Drawing section
Components
Construction sequence
Charactor and detail
Package units and building types
Apartment units
Bibliography
ABSTRACT
A HOUSING SYSTEM: STUDY OF MODULAR-BOX HOUSING UNITS
APPLIED TO PULL-UP SYSTEM.
By
Tong Hongladaromp
Submitted to The Department of Architecture on May 11,
1973 in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Master of Architecture, Advanced Studies.
This thesis is intented to develop a housing system
based on industrialized technology for high-rise
configuration.
The written section provides a brief overview of
housing in high-density urban situation, potiential
of industrialized housing systems, the constraints
within which the design proposal is developed, and
the advantages of the design proposal.
The design proposal demonstrates how to construct
different components in factories into the box-units,
how to construct those boxes on building site by using
pull-up technique, how boxes composed into different
forms of apartment units, and how the system forms
into vary types of building.
Thesis Supervisor:
Title:
Professor Waclaw Zalewski
Professor of Structures, Department of Architecture.
INTRODUCTION
The demand of housing in high-density urban situation
grows up quickly during this pass decade and is predicted
tobe the same way in the next decade.
There are certain
sources of this demand, one is the slowdown of nation
economy, investors turn against the risk in commercial
and industrial investment and looking toward housing
development or real-estate bussiness, other sources are
the return of U.S. people from abroad is increasing during
this four or five years, the decrease in quality of
existing housing in cities and towns, etc..
This demand turns the mobile-home and many other housing
manufactures to take the important part in construction
industry during this pass decade.
But when taking the
close look at.this industry, one can see that most of
the products emphasize on supplying low-density housing
area,
for example products of mobile-home and wood-boxes
housing units.
No real attempt working toward high-rise
housing or application to housing in cities and towns
area. The reason is that they have to confront to a
lot of building regulation, transportation regulation,
high cost df land, high cost of construction, etc., those
are existing in project developments in towns or cities
area.
But we all realized that the real big market and
demand is
there.
Therefore,
this study is
aiming toward
the application of industrialized housing system in that
area.
HOUSING IN HIGH-DENSITY URBAN STTUATION
To develop housing projects in high-density area, for
instance in towns or citiesthe most important thing that
has to be carefully considered is the use of land.
The
cost of land is surely very high and one must make the
maximum value out of it.
Low-rise housing or low-income
housing is nearly imposible in such configuration, the
high-rise should be more considered for it respons to
the efficeint use of sites. It is a good idea if
one
can free the low-level of high-rise housing to be used
for commercial area or receation area which will increase
the value of the project.
There are numbers of problems in development in
cities
or towns area which are indicated as follow;
Limitation of Transportation.
To supply building material to the construction sites
in towns or cities, one has to confront transportation
regurations which are different from one state to another.
The maximum size of unit that can be transported on
high-ways is 60'-O" long, 18'-0" high (from road-level),
and 14'-0" wide, some states allow smaller size than this.
The weight of units is also limited, usually not over
30 tons, and more emphasized in city area.
In conventional
construction which most of material supply comes in small
sizes, this reguration is not as big problem as in
modular-box construction.
Building Regulation
Building codes is
always create a lot of problems in
design development of projects in cities or towns, for
example fire-regulation usually requires two hour fire-rating
at out-side facades, corridors, and cover all structural
members those do not have fire-prooving quality.
It
hardly
leaves room for light-weight modular-box construction,
which most of them are constructed of wood or metal. Another
constraint according to building codes or other standards
(for example F.H.A. or M.FH.A. standard) is the standard
sizes of each room, for example 12'-0" width required for
major bedroom, 14'-0" width for living room.
This gives
the difficulty in design of modular-box systems, for
those boxes can not be over 14'-0" or even less in width
according to the transportation reguration.
Citizen Paticipation
Project developments in cities always confront to this
problem and likely to be more everyday.
Many of projects
are blamed of distroying charactor of communities,
increasing traffic, etc..
This indicates that to develop
projects in such area requires good political contract,
relationship with community organizations as well as
good technology.
Construction Labour
Labour workers in this country are organized in form of
unions, especially in construction industry, and those
unions contain a lot of influence over the construction
especially in
big cities.
New technology or systems
which provide decreasing number of labour workers are
strongly opposted by unions.
This is one of the answers
why industrailized housing systems are not well developed
in this country even through the U.S. is farther developed
in technology than other countries.
The unions always
negociate higher labour wages and make the labour-cost
to be the major problem in construction, especially
on-site labour cost.
Limitatiom of Site to Operate Construction.
Construction in
cities or towns lacking of site to
operate is always happen, for example minimum site to
move or install cranes, store building matrial, etc..
Many times one has to rent some area near
by or use
public traffic area for extra site to operate construction,
which means extra more money has to be spent.
Difficulty to Operate Construction on High-level.
The cost of construction per square-foot always higher
if it has to operate at higher level, for it is difficult
ot carry members or material by cranes to work on level
over 100'
( mostly because of wind or bad weather).
Especially in conventional construction which a lot of
activities such as concrete pouring or facade finish
have to be done on high-level, those work is confronted
to the diff iculty of operation and many of times have to
delay.
The rental cost of equipments to operate construction
on level over 130'
to 140' up is very high ( There is
about
50 to 6o% increase of rental cost if one wants the cranes
to work over 140' high and 30 tons load, for working
capacity less than mentioned can be carry out by mobilecranes or hydrolic truck-cranes.)
Financing of Construction Time.
The construction time is
-ment in
is
cities or towns.
the important subject in
develop-
Minimum construction time
always the objective of every project,
for it means
the minimum of financing interest, labour cost, equipment
rental, and many other overhead cost.
Through these problems one can realizes that the technoly
alone cannot fulfill this situation, it surely requires
strong administration, political contract, and assisting
of many other people involved.
This study is carried.
out the attempt of solving some problem mentioned.
DESIGN PROPOSAL
This system begins by factory process of constructing
The
modular-boxes from different standard components,
standard dimensions of boxes are 14'-0" width, 9'-6*
hight and four different lengths 20'-0", 24'-o", 28'-o',
and 32'-0".
Basic structure is steel frames with addition
of light-weight concrete floor and gypsum or asbestos
boards for fire-prooving.
Interior patitions, closets,
and cabinet works are wood construction,
Bath-rooms and
kitchens are installed, H.V.A.C.. plumpling electrical,
and most of final finish are done from factory stage.
This provide maximum finishing work and minimum transport-ation weight to each box-unit.
On site-work, circulation cores with dimensions of
20'x 20',or 20'x 24', or 28'x 28' (depend on which type
of building) are built by slip-form technique.
-machines
Lifting-
are installed on top of cores and hang down
lifting-tendons and lifting-shoes to the ground-level.
On ground-level, modular-boxes are stacked up four storey
high ( Each box is
steel
welded to the boxes near by.)
in
a
truss frame forms a giantic beam called a package
unit. After the first package unit is done with nescessary
finish, it will be pull up along the circulation cores
by lifting-machines on top of cores to the exact location
on high-level, and the supports for the package are
provided to support it
the lifting-shoes.
to the the cores before lowdown
Corridor and ceiling panels are installed after the first
package is already supported, final works such as main
utility, triming, painting, etc. are done at the same time.
Material supply for final finish on first package unit
is carried out by using circulation cores.
By the same
time that activities take place at high-level, on grou-ndnfloor the construction of second package unit begins.
Then carry the same sequence until finish.
For better understanding in design proposal, the drawing
section is
provided in this study.
ADVANTAGES
OF DESI GN PROPOSAL
Less On-site Labour.
Comparing to conventional system, the design provides less
on-site labour approximately about 60 to 70%, for most of
the work are finished from factories.
In
practicing the
cost of on-site labour is 50 to 60% more than labour cost
in factories, and on-site labour requires security insurance
more. Overhead cost in case of delay or strike is less in
factories than in open shop.
Less Construction Time.
As most of the work are done from factories and the standard
Is already provided for design, using the system surely
save a lot of time in construction fields as well as in
design development.
The system provides minimumum high-level
operation which sometimes causes
delay of work as mentioned,
that also means saving of construction time. Using this
system, most of the work are operate on not more than
four storey high level, it surely easier to work or weath-er-proof, even the work on final finish of package units
at high level most of them are operate indoor, very few
work Is left outside.
Free Ground-level
This is the most advantage of the design proposal.
The
system provides free low-level space that can be used as
commercial spaces, traffic or beautiful recreation area,
parking fasilities, etc.. This configuration contributes
services to communities on the sites and increasing the
value of the projects.
DESIGN
DRAWING
PROPOSAL
0
SECTION
COMPONENTS
PLAN.
END OONDITION
FOR
DUCT SPACES
ISOMETRIC
FLOOR
I"
=
COMPONENT
8'- O"*
3"X3"
2X"T-
CH ANNEL
SECTION
I"5 X
I"
L- SECTION
ALUMINUM.
DIFFERENT
END CONDITION.
PLAN.
LOUR
FIRE-RATING
GYMPSUMBOARD WITH FINALCEILING
FINISH.
ISOMETRIC.
CEILING
I" =
COMPONENT.
8 - O"
-
Lc
PLAN.
ELEVATION.
CORRIDOR
SIDE
END-WALL.
G.B. FIRE-WALL
HEATING
OUT SIDE
e
-sr_
.
ELEVATION.
WALL.
34
0"
4
0 9
RADIATOR
o'-I
0-6
14'1-o"
20'-0"
UP TO 32'-o"
STANDA,R
SIDE
WITH OUT-SIDE
WALL
PLAN.
FINISH.
ELEVATION.
WALL COMPONENT
l'= 8'- 0"
BOARD
WITH OUT-SIDE
FINISH
CORRIDOR END-WALL
1I"= 4'- 0 s
L
-
--
--
-
--
- -
--
- -
BATH ROOM COMPONENT.
F-1IEl
[]
C
o0
ool
L --- -..-- :
L-----
00
K00T
loo
00---L=:
=
KITCHEN
A
COMPONENT.
-I,
II
II
Ii
II
'a
'I
II
DOOR
CLOSET
I - ..
k-
INTERIOR
PANEL
INTERIOR COMPONENT.
11= 81- 0
CONSTRUCTION
COMPONENTS
CONSTRUCTION
OF
BOXES,
CORRIDOR
AND CEILING
I
OF
FINISH (ON-SITE)
= 8 '- 0"
STANDARD MODULAR-BOXES
Box
Dimension in
Length
A
20'-O"
24'-0"
28'-O"
B
20'-O"
24'-O"
28 -O"
C
20'-O"
24'-0#
C1
20'-0"
C2
20'-O
24'-0"
C3
D
20'-0"
24'-0"
E
24'-0"
F
24'-0
F1
20'-0"
24'-O"
F2
20'-O"
24'-0"
F3
28'-O"
28'-O"
24'-0"
G
28'-O"
H
J
K
32'-0"
32'-0"
32 '-0"
20'-0"
24'-0"
28'-.O"
CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
I.
r--n 1
LIFTING - MACHINE
LIFTING - TENDON
CIRCULATION
||
||
PACKAGE
TRUSS
STEEL
LIFTING - SHOES
11000
ALJLJ
I
CORE
I"i = 60'- 0o
IJ
-
CIRCULATION CORES
ARE BUILT BY SLIP-FORM TECHNIQUE,
BRACINGS ARE PLACED
AMONG CORES.
-
INSTALL
-
START CONSTRUCTING 4-STOREY-HIGH PACKAGE UNIT,
MACHINE ROOMS ARE BUILT
IF REQUIRED.
LIFTING -MACHINE
ON TOP OF CORES,
TEMPORALY-
PLACE LIFTIN G-TENDON & SHOES
PENHOUSE
CONSTRUCTION
OR
SEQUENCE
2.
LIFTING- TENDON
BUILDING
TN
PACKAGE
LIFTING - SHOE
I" = 60'- 0"
--------
L----
- LIFT THE FIRST PACKAGE,
REMOVE TEMPORALY BRACINGS DURING
THE PERIOD OF LIFTING AND REPLACE THEM AFTER IF NESCESSARY
CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
3.
""ill
rzLT
I
-N
IN = 60'-O"'
L
I
_I
:
-
SUPPORT
- SHOE S
-
START
-
START CONSTRUCTING
CORRIDORS , INSTALL NESCESSARY
UTILITY, AND
-START FINISHING CEILINGS AND TRIMMING
ON THE FIRST PACKAGE-
THE
BUILDING
FIRST PACKAGE
THE
SECOND
AT
HIGH-LEVEL, LOW DOWN
LIFTING-
PACKAGE
CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
4.
IIIZ::2
Uo
LUiLI"
-
LIFT
THE
SECOND
60'-O"
PACKAGE
CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
5.
m~
PAK4W --INI I
-
csan
L -- - - - -1
-
CONTINUE
THE
L..
SAME
Io=
60'-Oo
.1
SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
6.
FY11LIZ]
6 0
FINISH
LIFTING -SEQUENCE
REQUIREMENT
ON
LSTART
BUILDING
'- o
NESCESSARY
LOW-LEVEL
CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
CHARACTOR
AND DETAIL
ISOMETRIC
1i"
OF PACKAGE
30'- 0"
UNITS
DETAIL OF STEEL TRUSS
FRAMED AROUND CORE
I"- I0'- O"
DETAIL AFTER
FINISH WITH R.C. PANEL
1 = 10 '- O"
I"
TENDON
INSULATION
HEATER
UP
ROOF
FLASHING
DETAIL OF FINISHING
BOXES WITH FRAME
1"
= 3'- O"
C IBCUCLATORE
-BEAM SLIDED
CORE
SUPPORTliG
OUT FROM
51"_8
CHANNEL
RAIL _2LANNEL
4VD__ W HEE L_-
-GUIDE
5"x 8" VERTICAL MEMBER _
Itt" CONCRETE
PANEL
5"x 8" CHANNEL
03" LIFTING -TENDON
10" x 10" VERTICAL
MEMBER
P L A N.
LIFTING-TENDON
IO"x 10" VERTICAL
R.C. CIRCULATION
GUIDE
RAIL
GUIDE
WHEEL
MEMBER
CO RE
*"x 8" CHANNEL
FINISHING
PANEL
5"x 6"
CHANNEL
ax 8"
CHANNEL
PANEL SLIDED FROM CORE
SUPPORT PACKAGE UNITS
0
TO
1/3" BOLT
ISOMETRIC
DETAIL AT CONER
I" = 2'-O"
OF CORE
.
ill
STEEL
MEMBER
FINAL
INTERIOR
OF WALL
FINISH
BOARD
GYPSUM
LOW-MEMBER OF WALL
~m~h
~ ~
I1keI
F!
I1I
ueu
I.Ifeuadm
-AIJ
TOP MEMBER
OF FLOOR
LIGHT-WEIGHT
CONCRETE
METAL DECK
FLOOR
-_--
-1
3s x 3
BOTTOM MEMBER OF FLOOR
0 I" GUIDE PIN
T.ECTION
air duet
;
n
I
1
p%~
A
~'
-~
~'
'
1
(~-
If
FLOOR STRUCTURE
FRAME
ELECTRIC PIPE
EEL FRAME
L
E
I"x I'ALUMINUM
MEMBER
[ILl
-V
inside bcxI
Inside box
,
I
hFlh1naSImMEUIA
*m
-
:.
0:
-
M -
U
nW
REINFORCEMENT
VERTICAL
PIPE
~E1~
MEMBER
GUIDE PIN
WELDED TO MAIN
TRUSS
STEEL
BOTTOM-CORD
5"x em
L- SECTION
3" x 3" CHANN{EL
FINAL FINISHING
bottom
cord
of
main truss
SECTION
I" = 10"
PANEL
I
I
I
I
FINAL FINISH AT CORRIDOR
GYPSUM BOARD
-F,
-
1e
I
ool
:giiii
I
K
-
MEMBER
METAL
FLOOR DECK
2"x 2"
L- SECTION
OF WALL
METAL FLOOR DECK
FLOOR STEEL FRAME
STEEL MEMBER OF TRUSS
PIPING SPACE AT CORRIDOR
ee'(D
.11
I.
CEILING STEEL FRAME
GEILING PANEL, CORRIDOR
I-.
L
STEEL
CEILING
m
la
FINISH
MAIN TRUSS
MEMBER
FIRE-COVERING
MAIN PIPING SPACE
BELOW IST. LEVEL
BOX WELDED TO MAIN TRUSS
5"x S"
L-SECTION
5 x 8"
L- SECTION
2 x2"
L- SECTION
3"x 3"
CHANNEL
MEMBER
SECTION
"
i" = 10
COR RI DOR
PLAN
20'x24'
D.
-
DUCT
T.
-
TRASH
J.
-
JANITOR
S.
-
SPACE
SPACE
STORAGE
STORAGE
0r
0
0
0
.
PLAN
20' x 24'
STAIR-CORE
CIRCULATION
1" = 10'- 0i
CORE
CORRIDOR
PLAN
20'x 20'
BO x
I~i
AN
D. - DUCT
SPACE
T. - TRASH
SPA CE
J. -JAN
ITOI R STORAGE
T.K T
Flu-i
IIJ.
-
h~
.
0
PLAN
20'x 20'
Box
STAIR-CORE
CIRCULATION
i" = 10'-O'-
CORE
------------
UNIT
UNIT
IELE.I
PLAN
ALTERNATIVE
C O R R I D O R
------------
----------
20'x 24'
TWO
FOR
ELEVATORS
rT
0
0
0
PLAN
20'x 24'
ALTERNATIVE
FOR
THREE ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
CORE
CIRCULATION CORE.
I" = 10 - o"
PLAN
20'x 20'
C 0 RR I DO R
I
BOX
ELE.
LOBBY
E LE.
I
0c
0
0
0
PLAN
B0x
20'x 20'
ELEVATION
CORE
CIRCULATION CORE
I"
10'- 0"
i
-
--- -------I
ELE.
BOX
BOX
LOBBY
ELE.
II
h
I
PLAN
2
20'x 20'
C 0 RR I DO R
m
-om
a:
0
0
a:
0o
PLAN
20'x 20'
ELEVATION
CORE
CIRCULATION CORE
I" =
10'-0"
PACKAGE UNIT
& BUILDING TYPES
ES.
SI.
MS.
M.S.
E. S.
El.I
24'-
L4H
PACKAGE
E.S.
E.S.
SI.
M.S.
M. S.
I2.
M.S.
M.S.
8
20
28'
A.
E.S.
El.
PACKAGE
A.
PACKAGE
a.
E.S.
E2.
E.S.
M.S.
-
END SECTION
MIDDLE SECTION
SI.
-
STAIR CORE
20' x 24'
82.
-
STAIR CORE
20'x 20 '
El.
-
ELEVATOR
CORE
20 x 2'
20
E2.
SINGLE CORE
d 120'
44'
-
ELFVATOR CORE
20 x 20
PACKAGE
20' 8'
PACKAGE
1" =60'-0
UNITS
TWO-WAY
COMPLEX
I" = 100'- 0"
TWO
PACKAGE
PACKAGE A. AND
T WO
DOUBLE-LOAD
I" =
60'-
0"
CORRIDOR
A.
B.
PACKAGE S.
TOWERS
incline member.
----- --
~~N
C)
[
9
3
S
Ar v
Incline
-
----------
member
TRU SS
-1
c
K..
e
0)
3
3
--
incline member
-=
I -
S
K'
incline member
TRUSS
--
TRUSS
----------
ncneincline
--
member
TRUSS
- - _- _--
incline
incline member
member
-- - -- -- - - - - -- -J
STRUCTURE
TOWER
=
FLOOR PLAN
TYPE
161 - 0"
ISOMETRIC
STRUCTURE
OF TOWER
I" =
FRAME
PACKAGE
30'- 0"
APARTMENT
UNITS
FLOOR
CENTER
I"
=
CORE
16'- 0"
PLAN
TOWER
28' B.
24' C.
ONE BEDROOM UNIT
28'D.
20'A.
RI
PACKAGE
SECTION
1" = 8'-
ONE BEDROOM
B., MIDDLE
FIRST LEVEL
"l
0
UNIT
28' 81.
'-A
EFFICEINCY
UNIT
24'E
24'1 F
TWO - BEDROOM
PACKAGE
FIRST
B., MIDDLE
LEVEL
UNIT
SECTION
I" =
8' - 0"
-0~
24'8
---
A
20' e.
ONE BEDROOM
UNIT
ONE BEDROOM
UNIT
MIDDLE SECTION
PACKAGE
B.,
SECOND
LEVEL
I" =
'
28' B
20' C
ONE
BEDROOM
UNIT
20'C
28'8
ONE
PACKAGE
THIRD
B.,
LEVEL
MIDDLE
BEDROOM
SECTION
i"l = 81-Of
UNIT
U
28' D1.
EFFICEINCY
UNIT
20' E
20' F.
2 8'B
TWO
PACKAGE
THIRD
B.,MIDDLE
LEVEL
BEDROOM
UNIT
SECTION
I"=
8'-d'
20' B
ONE
20' Fl.
BEDROOM
UNIT
_ONE BEDROOM
UNIT
24' E.
24' B.
a
PACKAGE
FOURTH
B.,
LEVEL
I IDDLE
SECTION
I"
8'- 0"
28' B.
20' C.
20' J.
TWO
PACKAGE
FIRST
B.,
LEVEL
BEDROOM
END
UNIT
SECTION
I"
= 8'-O"
20' B.
20' C2.
TWO
28' K
PACKAGE
SECOND
B., END
LEVEL
BEDROOM
SECTION
1"
= 8'-d '
UNIT.
K
20' A .
24' F3.
28' G.
THREE
PACKAGE
THIRD
B.,
LEVEL
BEDROOM
END
UNIT
SECTION
I"I
= 8' - O"
0
24'A.
24'
F3.
28' G.
THREE
PACKAGE
FOURTH
B.,
BEDROOM
END
LEVEL
APARTMENT.
SECTION
1l"= 8'-o
I
EFFICEINCY
28 BI.
24'A
24'E.
24' F
28'F
24'E.
28R.
24'A
UNIT
BR.
UNIT
I
24'El
I BR. UNIT
28'D
UNIT
24'F.
24'8
24'A[
2 BR.
24'F
24' C.
IBR. UNIT
24'S.
FIRST
LEVEL
28R. UNIT.
24'A..
SECOND
PA CKAGE A., MIDDLE
= 1'- 0"i
Ii
LEVEL
SECTION
24'B
24 'F.
24'E
2 BR. UNIT
2 BR. UNIT
]IBR.UNIT
I BR. UNIT
24'F
24 'B.
24' E in
24'F.
2 4'B.
21R. UNIT
THIRD
LEVEL
2 BR. UNIT
FOURTH
PACKAGE A.
1I" 8'- O"
LEVEL
,
MIDDLE SECTION
a
24'A.
24' C3.1
IBR.
UNIT
24'C 3
24'A
IBR.
UNIT.
PACKAGE A., M IDDLE SECTION
FIRST
LEVEL
I"I = 8'- 0"
28'B1.
EFFICEINCY
UNIT
24'E.
2 8'F
24' A
2 BR.
PACKAGE
FIRST
A.,
LEVEL
UNIT
MIDDLE
I" =
SECTION
8-O"1
28'B.
24' C
UNIT
I BR.
24'C.
I!
24' B
PACKAGE
SECOND
A.,
I BR.
UNIT
M IIDDL E SECTION
LEVEL
I" =
8
28' 81.
EFFICEINCY
UNIT
24' E
24'1 F.
TWO
24'B.
BEDROOM UNIT
a
PACKA G E
SECOND
A.,
LEVEL
MIDDL E
I I=
SECTION
8 '-O"
a
a
28' B
IBR.
24' C
UNIT
24'C
28'B
I BR.
:=1
UNIT
a
PACKAGE
THIRD
A. , MIDDLE
LEVEL
I"
SECTION
=8'-O"'
28' Bl.
EFFICEINCY
UNIT
24'E
24'F
24 'A
2BR.
a
PACKAGE A., MIDDLE
111=
LEVEL
THIRD
UNIT
SECTION
1
8'-O"
0
24' A.
24' C3.
IBR.
UN IT.
24' C
2 8'S
I BR.
UNIT
u
PACKAGE
FORTH
A. , MIDDLE
LEVEL
Ii
SECTION
= 8'-o"1
2BR.
UNIT
24'A
III
24'F
24'E
EFFICEINCY UNIT
28'B I.
PACKAGE
A.,
FOURTH
LEVEL
MIDDLE
I"
SECTION
=
-O
0
32'A
24 'C
24'K
PACKAGE
FIRST
UNIT A., END SECTION
LEVEL
1" = 8- 0"
U
24'B.
24'F .
32'G.
3BR.
PACKAGE
SECOND
UNIT
A., END
LEVEL
SECTION
Il"= 8 Lo
I BR.
UNIT
24'8
24'C
32'H
I
a
EFFICEINCY
PACKAGE
A.)
SECOND
LEVEL=
END
UNIT
SECTION
1" = 8 '- 0"1
24'A.
24' F1
[i
L
0
32'G.
38R.
PACKAGE A. , END
THIRD LEVEL
UNIT
SECTION
I" = 8'-O"
UNIT
24' A .
2 8' D.
3 2' H
EFFICEINCY
PACKAGE A. ,
THIRD
LEVEL
UNIT
END SECTION
I"
=
8'-d'
a
U
a
24'A
28'F
32'G
3BR.
UNIT
PACKAGE A., END SECTION
FOURTH LEVEL
I"= 8'-O"
24'A
2 8'D
I BR.
UNIT
32'H
EFFICEINCY
PACKAGE
FOURTH
A., END
LEVEL
UNIT
SECTION
I"= 8'-O"
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1, Cornell University, "The New Building Block",
Ithaca, New York: Cornell, Press 1969.
2, M.I.T., 1971 Department of Architecture Master's Class
with Professor Eduardo Catalano, "Housing Systems;
Seven Studies for Factory Produced Concrete and Steel
Modular Units", Limited Published Master's Thesis, M.I.T.
3, M.I.T., Department of Architecture and Civil-Engineering,
"Economic Study of Pull-up System" and "Guide to The Use
of Pull-up System*
4, Daniel Quinn Mills, "Industrial Relation and Manpower
in Construction".
5, Richard H. Clough, "Construction Contracting"
6, 1971, The Construction Engineering Research Laboratory
(CERL) of U.S. Department of Army, "The Study on Potential
of Industrialized Building for The Department of Army"
7,
*Building Construction Cost Data" ,1973.
8, M.I.T., Master of Architecture, Advanced Studies' Thesis
Duane A. Kell, Craig E. Rafferty, "A Housing System; A
Study Based on The Production Capabilities of The
Mobile Home Industry", 1972.