PROCESS Shen-Wei Huang B.ARCH., Tunghai University
advertisement
ADAPTATION OF THE TAIWANESE ROWHOUSE WITH COMPUTER
APPLICATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
by
Shen-Wei Huang
B.ARCH.,
Tunghai University
Taichung, Taiwan
June, 1979
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER SCIENCE IN OF ARCHITECTURE STUDIES
AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
June, 1986
Cc
Shen-Wei Huang
1986
The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission
to reproduce and to distribute publicly copies
of
this thesis document in whole or in part.
Signature of author
Shen-Wei Huang, Department of Architecture,
May 15, 1986
Certified by
N. John Habraken, Professor of Architecture,
Thesis Supervisor
Accepted by
Julian Beinart, hai man, De
m tal
Committee for Gr u te Stude r s -J
JUL On04 1935
J 0tc0
ADAPTATION OF THE TAIWANESE ROWHOUSE WITH COMPUTER
APPLICATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
by
Shen-Wei Huang
Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 15, 1986 in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master
of Science in Architecture Studies.
ABSTRACT
This study proposes an approach to the
preservation
of
the
spirit
of
traditional Chinese architecture and
its adaptation to the current context
and living style. For this purpose,
the rowhouse type which emerged in the
past
for reasons of economic
landuse
and survived through the modernization
has
been selected to illustrate this
approach.
This part deals with the change of the
family structure and living
style
during the modernization process in
Taiwan
and their effect
to
the
dwelling environment. The new existing
rowhouse type is also examined to find
the new conventions used by current
inhabitants in contemprary context.
In order to achieve this objective in
the actual
process of
design,
a
computer
application
has
been
developed as a vehicle for communication between various participants.
3. The Development of New Rowhouse
Type:
2. Change and New Requirement:
This study is developed into 4 parts:
In this part, 2 steps are used to
apply the principles found earlier to
physical design. In the first step,
SAR methodology is used as a base to
reflect the selected rules on the
relevant
elements.
Using
these
elements,
basic
units
for
the
composition of houses are established.
1. Analysis and Description of
Traditional Rowhouse Type:
This part
introduces the
historic
context of
the traditional rowhouse
type and its major character. By the
observation and analysis of
existing
rowhouses in the Taiwan area, certain
principles
of
the type
have been
founded.
The second step uses the rule of
"combination" (also generated from the
2
analysis)
to construct a layer
basic units) or a completed
(from layers).
(from
rowhouse
A facade system and a dwelling block
example
are
also
developed
to
illustrate the living environment of
the rowhouse type.
4. Computer Application:
In
this part a proposal for computer
system is developed relating to the
various levels of decision making and
serving the various parties
in the
design process. A demonstration of the
interaction between machine and users
is also included.
Thesis Supervisor: N. John Habraken
Title: Professor of Architecture
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I
would like to express my
heartiest
gratitude to Prof.
N.
my thesis advisor,
for his invaluable
the
through
guidence
John Habraken,
of
process
analysis and design in this study.
I
am also grateful
Chou
for
to
Mr.
providing
Wern-Bin
significant
background material for this study and
Mr.
Christopher
Milford for his help
in English editing and providing
many
valuable suggestions.
Most
to
and
of all,
my family for their
encouragement
constant support in my
at M.I.T..
4
my deepest appreciation
education
CONTENT
ABSTRACT
........................................................
2
.................................................
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
CONTENT
5
.........................................................
.....................................................
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES
1.2 SCOPE
1.3 TASK AND FRAMEWORK
2. ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF TRADITIONAL TAIWANESE ROWHOUSE ...
2.1 HISTORIC CONTEXT
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES
2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE ROWHOUSE TYPE
6
13
3. CHANGE AND NEW REQUIREMENT ................................... 47
3.1 FAMILY STRUCTURE AND DWELLING TYPE
3.2 ISSUES INVOLVED IN THE ROWHOUSE TYPE
3.3 NEW REQUIREMENT
4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW ROWHOUSE TYPE ......................... 57
4.1 CONSTRAINTS AND RULES
4.2 METHOD
4.3 THE ROWHOUSE SYSTEM
4.4 FACADE SYSTEM
4.5 DWELLING BLOCK
5. COMPUTER-APPLICATION IN THE ROWHOUSE SYSTEM ....................97
5.1 DESIGN PROCESS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
5.3 OPERATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................
..................................123
5
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES .......................
1.2 SCOPE ....---------------------------------------------------.
10
1.3 TASK AND FRAMEWORK
.......................................... 1 1
6
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES
For
most
developing
through
rapid
economic
gap
Chinese
as
progress,
architecture was
overwhelmed
environment have been achieved by
In
century.
modernization,
abandoned
the
process
much
of the
environment,
are
majority of the society.
toward
to
valuable
in
the
traditional
replaced
by
the
ask
more
for
almost
relation
intimate
cultural
social,
"International
living
implied
dwelling
well
uniform
progressive,
as
developing
style of mass-production housing.
this
7
own
The
character.
once
which
Style"
the
People begin
with environment reflecting their
and replaced by the "modern
Especially
style".
were
heritage
traditional
18th
late
since
the
the
for
requirement
physical
style
an
environment.
traditional
western
units
the
economic
the
the
has
In Taiwan,
life.
modern
Through
traditional
treated
be
to
asset in
important
and
decade,
architecture
opportunity
serious
value
traditional
between
last
until
Chinese
development.
phenomena resulted in a
This
Not
the
changed
have
environment
living
by
countries,
fashionable
as
physically superior in
most
to
meet
countries failed
requirement.
Thus,
in
recent
years,
and
inheriting
Chinese
traditional
became
the
field.
central
transforming
(house
architecture
sided
issue
in
this
were
The transformation of dwelling
units
with the adaptation to
current
living styles became one of the
tasks.
However,
there
are
for
more
and
major
concerns
transformation
environment,
the
had
access
process
for
dweller
additions.
new
based on dwellers' family sizes,
style and
unique
requirement
involved
Chinese
of
the
the current development,
However,
in
dwelling
units are only treated as
a
commercial product. The uniform layout
traditional
direct
rearrangement or
type
for the long run development.
of
the
house
to allow the
developed
living
traditional style.
In
three-
the courtyard of
enclosure) and Row
Both
dwelling units,
besides the inheriting of the
spirit
for
with
dwelling
inhabitants
their
to
the
own
mass-housing
variety
and
is
very
has
not
limited
adaptable
for
family structures and their
always
different
design
requirement for self-identification.
units.
Traditional dwelling types of the Srh-
There exists a serious gap between the
Ho
of
"product"
and
the San-Ho Yuan
dwelling.
However, the commercializa
Yuan (house with the courtyard
four-sided enclosure),
8
people's
desire
for
tion of the dwelling unit as a product
is
construction
The
gap.
dwelling
this
partly responsible for
only
process
of
involved
building
in
the
principles
adapt
different
design
process is also required
modify
To
2.
complicated. For modern development, a
people
3.
To
develop a efficient
preserve the traditional spirit to the
alternatives
extent
that
it is suitable
current
context
people's
need
and
is
study
to
for
the
following objectives:
1.
the
To propose an approach to
preservation
of the
and
achieve
traditional
9
help
computerall
choosing
or developing their
dwelling units.
the
satisfy
approaching
by
to
model
participants
this
in Chinese architecture to
to the contemprary context
to
of
traditional
to
aided
purpose
the
meet new requirements.
and
bridge this gap.
The
residential
architecture.
units today tends to be more
communication model between
in
character
Chinese
the
their
own
1.2 SCOPE
The
3. The observation and analysis of the
scope of this study is limited to
existing rowhouses are not categorized
the following :
1.
In this study,
building
type of traditional
architecture
by
only the townhouse
is
specific period in
principles,
to
spirit
illustrated the process.
The study of this
on
observation
existing
Taiwan
analysis
thesis is based
and analysis
on
well-preserved rowhouses
area.
are
The
observation
mainly
focused
the
in
and
on
sections, plans and facades.
10
implicit
rules
reflected from their
arrangement.
2.
time
or
a
specific. The focus is on their common
Chinese
selected
a
and
the
physical
1.3 TASK AND FRAMEWORK
TASK
The
first
find
the
The
task of this study
principles
traditional
or rules
spirit
of
second
to
adaptation
and
reflecting
principles
or rules
is
adapt
or
technical
observation
rowhouse
are
drawn
from
and analysis on
dwelling units
the
to
of
the
contemporary
modern living style in terms of
requirements
rowhouse
existing
relative
modification
the
context. The rules will be modified to
Chinese
dwelling environment. These principles
rules
task is to deal with
and
to
the following six aspects
type,
future
for
new family
the
structure
structure change
in
the
long span of time.
1. configuration
2. spatial sequence
The
3. facade and arcade
computer-based
4. position
levels
and relation of physical
of
task
is
to
system
decision
develop
for
making
a
various
and
for
various parties making decisions. This
elements
5. position
third
and relation of
system not only provides a
various
rooms
6. connection
11
graghic
tool,
vehicle
for
but
also
convenient
acts
communication
as
a
between
various
participants
developer,
land
these
as
different levels of decision making to
designer
or
choose
operating
parties,
alternatives or develop
ultimate preference.
The computer system will
inhabitants.
help
owner,
such
on
FRAMEWORK
THEMATIC METHOD
OBSERVATION
TRADITIONAL ROWHOUSE
CONTENT
* GENERAL PRINCIPLE
* CONFIGURATION
* SPATIAL SEQUENCE
* FACADE AND ARCADE
* POSITION AND RELATION
* FAMILY STRUCTURE
* NEW REQUIREMENT
* CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL
*
)
AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
OF PHYSICAL ELEMENTS
POSITION AND RELATION
OF VARIOUS ROOMS
* CONNECTION
ANALYSIS + DESCRIPTION
THEME
VARIATION
)
THE PROPOSED ROWHOUSE
TYPE
COMPUTER
APPLICATION
THE PROPOSED DYNAMIC
ROWHOUSE SYSTEM
12
* FACADE SYSTEM
* DWELLING BLOCK
their
CHAPTER 2: ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF TRADITIONAL
TAIWANESE ROWH4OUSE
14
2.1 HISTORIC CONTEXT ...............................
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES............................17
2.2.1 BASIC MODEL
2.2.2 COMPOSITION
2.2.3 ORIENTATION
2.2.4 CIRCULATION
2.2.5 TERRITORY
2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE ROWHOUSE TYPE
2.3.1 CONFIGURATION
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
............................... 27
SPATIAL SEQUENCE
FACADE AND ARCADE
RELATION AND POSITION OF VARIOUS ROOMS
RELATION AND POSITION OF PHYSICAL ELEMENTS
CONNECTION
13
2. ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF
TRADITIONAL TAIWANESE ROWHOUSE
2.1 HISTORIC CONTEXT
For
most
cities,
of
traditional
San-Ho-Yuan
Chinese
and Srh-Ho
are
two of the basic building
The
location
Yuan
types.
San-Ho-Yuan
either
of
assigned
political
these
by the
reason
or
cities
emperor
grew
from
existing agricultural aggregation.
these
cities,
each
were
for
the
In
San-Ho-Yuan
and
Srh-Ho-Yuan occupied large parcel
and
accomodated large family. Parcels were
loosely
expansion
laid
out
to
allow
the
to the adjacent land in the
future if needed.
Srh-Ho-Yuan
14
The
type
Rowhouse
the
accomodated
smaller family size, also in the urban
situation. However, the
rowhouse type
was the basic type for the "commercial
These
cities".
coastal
cities were the early
were
trading settlements and
mostly located in southern China.
In
two
Taiwan,
of
the
were
Lu-Kang and Tan-Sue
most
harbor
important
These
cities during the 18th centure.
cities were the trading center
harbor
for resources and goods from
mainland
China and other areas of Taiwan. Since
the
cities
commercial
were much engaged in
activities,
the
streets
became the most valuable part for
economic
type
development.
The
the
the
rowhouse
was hence developed as the
most
Lu-Kang City
suitable solution for this situation.
15
The
Rowhouse type is a part of linear
develop- ment
along the main
street.
LIJ
Each
has
house
a
valuable
short
frontage facing the street and a
long
This
depth.
narrow
ilhIEZ~ZJZ
very
-
frontage
I ~J
I
h1
F
)I
rTI -4
access
provides
to
the
commercial
The long
activities along the street.
depth
used
is
residential
to
living
accommodate
or
space
the
for
storage space. Apart from the economic
reasons
this
solution
was
also
functionally successful. With the long
F=:T
depth, the residential zone behind the
front
shops was able to be away
H
7H
from
the noisy commercial streets.
16
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES
2.2.1 BASIC MODEL
For
the traditional rowhouse type
Taiwan,
a
three
unit
basic model is composed of
different
affiliated
unit
parts:
unit and
includes
bedroom
store,
and passage.
spaces.
main
yard.
The
living
The
includes kitchen,
service
main
room,
corridor
and
The yard includes
and other service
width
of a main unit is from 4
5.5
unit,
affiliated
court
to
of
spaces.
a
The
meter
meter with the length from
11
8
meter to 18 meter.
For
basic
all different spaces
model,
within
the
four different function
Basic Model
17
2.2.2 COMPOSITION
groups are categorized:
Commercial function: store, commercial
service spaces.
The
Ritual function: ancestral hall.
rowhouse
Living
function:
bedroom,
composition
and
growth
of
the
are based on the basic model
of main unit, affiliated unit and yard
living
service spaces.
as given above. Among the three parts,
Transitional function: yard, corridor,
the main unit and the affiliated
passage.
are composed of substantial spaces for
different
however,
For this basic model, the relationship
among units,
function and spaces
purpose of use.
is
the
be shown as the following diagram:
other
traditional rowhouse
types
of
yard,
basically a transitional
element connecting
can
The
unit
spaces.
In
type,
four
can
be
composition
distinguished by way of the principles
of growth that they result from.
F1r
Hall
Canraa-+tal
b-
Bd
-+Livig
lYd
-+
Savce
A. Growth in Layer
privm4Y
5rmc
-In
18
Longitudinal Extension
this
type
of
composition,
an
main
building(with
affiliated
unit and yard) is added to
the
of
yard
first
the
the
for
whole
dwelling
unit
is
improved.
This
one.
longitudinal extention can become
one
layer or one bay-three layer.
bay-two
The
depth and furthermore, the ventilation
unit,
additional
are:
functions
of
sequence
(transitional-commercial)
-
transitional
one
layer
bay-three
transitional
(ritual-living).
element
another
type,
and
second
the
composition,
attached
commercial
Growth in Layer
this
In
layer.
the yard as transitional
reduces the conflict
element
third
the
layer of (ritual-living) are
to
For
and
between
ritual functions
and
provide more privacy for living spaces
in
the
second
layer.
This
transitional element also allows
light
open
I!
more
to avoid dark rooms in the long
19
hl
1 .?
B. Growth in Bay
--
Transversal Extension
Transversal extention is also based on
the
one
bay- one
layer
LIP
model.
Traditionally an odd number of bays is
combined.
sequence
With the
in
commercial-ritual
the front part
of
each
Growth in Bay
bay,
become
makes
the
yards
are
a
large
common
it
integrated
similar to the
composition for the farm
extention
can
space.
family
reflect
house.
acquire more
the
structure
This
San-Ho-Yuan
This
valuable
frontage along street and at the
time,
and
same
hierachy
of
the
as similar
to
the
-
traditional San-Ho-Yuan.
20
----
C. Growth in Bay and Layer
--
Longitudinal and Transversal
Extension
Longitudinal and transversal extension
generally
has an odd number
and 2-4 layers.
composition
the
more
bays
In this extension,
a
similar to Srh-Ho-Yuan is
result.This
accommodates
of
type
a large extended
than three
generations.
usually
family
-El
Common
courtyards are normally formed between
=
different layers.
LYIRIIY
+
0
U
U
0
U
0
Growth in Layer & Bay
0
21
-
~
D. Growth in Level
--
Vertical Extension
Owing
land
to
the limit of the
for transversal or
extension,
economic
value.
available
longitudinal
vertical extension is
way
in areas of
high
the
land
This extension follows similar
principles
as longitudinal
one.
The
sequence is also composed by different
function zones.
Basically, the living
spaces
are
moved to the upper
level
floor.
The
middle part of the
lower
level
of the first layer is used
ritual
activity.
brings
light to the
and
also
The
opening
for
above
adjacent
spaces
enhances the ritual
spaces
FTrln~f
:<
below.
22
,
ill
1~
I j~
.<
2.2.3 ORIENTATION
situation
prefered
for
Chinese
landscapes and buil dings
For
the rowhouse,
most
important
dominantes
and
the street is
element
the commercial
In this principle,
the
to
which
ritual
activities
affects the layout of the spaces.
character
the
the street belongs
of
"water".
spaces -are affected
principle
and the
by
following
The
this
layouts
were developed as:
For the commercial spaces,
the street
is
the
naturally
treated
as
Street - Commercial - Ritual - Living
only
frontage where the axis is leading to.
for
However,
the
there
spaces,
traditional
ritual and
are
principles
This layout is the result of treating
living
the
other
some
to follow
street as the "water".
commercial spaces,
ritual
in
spaces
Like
the
the orientation of
is facing
toward
the
addition to the fact of the street.
front street.
The orientation of the ritual space is
The orientation of the living space is
basically influenced by the
mainly
of
Chinese
water
with
mountain"
geomamcy as
the
This
back
is
principle
influenced
by
the
sleeping
"facing
the
position. The sleeping position should
to
of
the
be
always
the
joists
23
parallel to the direction
used
of
for the construction
the
of
the house.
In addition the bed should
2.2.4 CIRCULATION
be arranged in such way that feet will
not
point toward the frontage of
The
the
house unit.
internal
several
commercial
core
be
spaces
space (store)
space (hall).
crosses
circulation
including
and
ritual
Living space can always
passed by a corridor on one
side.
The formal quality ofthese core spaces
is
expressed by the axial position of
the doors and columns.
ca
24
2.2.5 TERRITORY
In
the rowhouse
reflected
by
type,
the
territory
organization
different
function
transitional
elements.
of
and
zones
This
is
can
be
observed on two levels:
For the street level,
passage
element
space)
space).
separate
spaces
works
as
the arcade as a
a
between the street (as public
and
Its
the
but
the
house
the
internal
also
~-4~IffiJ11Th--=
H~
ILI
1
private
and
to
external
provide
on the
Besides,
also be used as an
a
level
neighborbood and shelter
the rain season.
can
(as
-
role here is not only to
transversal connection
of
transitional
4'
for
U
jul
Jul
[IU a IlK
the arcade
extension
~l;F
aa
of
25
tfl
the
internal space for commercial
ritual activities,
or
or for leisure and
entertainment of the residents.
On
the
building
level,
the
arcade
store and ancestral hall are
passage,
treated as elements with a more public
character. The living spaces (bedroom,
kitchen
and
internal
service spaces) are
elements with more
the
privacy.
the courtyard is
used
to
connect different layers and
also
to
separate different function
zones
On this level,
in
order
to
acquire
the
required
HI1
privacy.
26
2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE TYPE
1. CONFIGURATION
2. SPATIAL SEQUENCE
In the construction process for the
rowhouse
type
many
factors
constraints
are
factors
constraints
from
and
involved.
technical,
social
3. FACADE AND ARCADE
4. RELATION
and
5. RELATION AND
understand
traditional
the
spirit
Taiwanese
of
rowhouse
VARIOUS
POSITION OF PHYSICAL
ELEMENTS
cultural
6. CONNECTION
concerns. In this study, we would like
to
POSITION OF
ROOMS
These
reprensent
or
AND
the
by
observing the existing examples. Thus,
the analysis is essentially focused on
the morphology as:
IN
27
rE1M
to be higher which causes the waste of
2.3.1 CONFIGURATION
material. Hence a double-roof type was
developed
A. Roof Pattern
Each
layer
of the rowhouse could
be
to meet the requirement
space expension.
considered as an individual entity and
there are 3 different roof patterns.
A.1. Single-Roof Layer
A
layer covered by
roof.
The
a
double-pitched
pitch of the front side is
shorter than the later one. This makes
the
front
entrance higher
than
the
rear side.
Single-Roof Layer
A.2. Double-Roof Layer
When
the depth of the layer increases,
the
single-roof with
a
double-pitch
becomes inefficient. In order to cover
the
space of the layer,
the roof has
Double-Roof Layer
28
of
A.3. Triple-Roof Layer
developed
was
type
This
the
for
layer
When the
of lighting.
purpose
B. Combination of Basic Units
for
long span of
the
dormer
window
second
roof
of
supplement
usually
Lu-Kang
created
was
the
rowhouse.
is
arcade
of
was
covered
units
the
B.1. Petite Unit:
layer
of
B.1.a Basic Form
- shop
individual
unit, medium unit and large unit.
is
the
an
are four kinds of
There
sunlight.This
The
by
with various width: petite unit, small
and
for
Each
roof.
A
house.
units.
divided into various
unit
enough
between the first
found in the first
relationship
sequence:
the
also
be
became even longer, the light from the
front and rear windows was not
Each layer of the rowhouse could
The
spatial
petite
unit
or
has
a
roof
of
double-pitch.
a
The
following
single-pitch
- hall
range of the width of a petite unit is
-
from 3M to 4M.
bedroom.
B.1.b Possible Positions
Position 1:
main
unit
arcade.
Triple-Roof Layer
29
attached to the front
of
as transition space or
as
Position 2: located in the back of the
B.2. Small Unit
main unit as transition space or as
B.2.a Basic Form
a
The
small bedroom.
Position
3:
usually
unit has a
double-pitched
roof.
placed in the midle part
of a triple-roof layer,
small
The
used
range of the width is from 4M
to
6M.
as a ancestral hall.
B.2.b Possible Positions
Position
1:
Two small units
may
be
combined as one layer in the house.
Position
1.
2:
A small unit may combine
with a medium unit to become a double-
roof layer.
Usually this unit is
optimum location for a bedroom.
2.
...
.......
I
Position of Petite Unit
Position of Small Unit
30
the
Position
layer
3:
of
located
a
accommodate
in
the
two-layer
a
small
house
hall
B.3.b Possible Positions
second
Position
to
and
1:
in the first
or
second
accompanied by a
petite
layer of a two-layer house.
a
bedroom.
Position
Position 4: located in the front part
unit as a layer, where the medium unit
of a triple-roof layer to be used as a
is used as a hall or a shop.
store.
Position 3: combined with a small unit
to
2:
make a layer.
The medium unit
is
mostly used as a hall or a shop.
3.
4.
2.
Position of Small Unit
B.3. Medium Unit
B.3.a Basic Form
The
medium
unit
double-pitched
is
covered
by
a
roof with the range of
Position of Medium Unit
width from 8M to 12M.
31
Position 4:
combined
B.4.b Possible Positions
Two medium units could be
together
as
a
Position
double-roof
1:
A
large
unit
may
layer in the first or the second layer
considered as a one-layer house.
of a two-layer house.
Position
Position 5: placed in the last part of
first
a triple-roof layer. In Lu-Kang this
house.
is always the first layer next to the
Position
street.
petite
.. .
...........
..
:::.....:.
2:
It may be placed in
or second layer of a
3:
unit
It
be
the
two-layer
may combine
with
a
of
a
in the front part
house to make a double-roof layer.
4.
1~~~~
1.
5.
Position of Medium Unit
MOMW
B.4. Large Unit
...............-
Varid
..... .... 2.
.
.
B.4.a Basic Form
A large unit has a double-pitched roof
with
the
range of width from 13M
to
Position of Large Unit
18M.
32
.. . . .. . .
transition space (gallery) - courtyard
2.3.2 SPATIAL SEQUENCE
The
axial
path
of
rowhouse
transition space (gallery)
- ritual
space - corridor - outside.
is
circuitous. All the primary spaces are
symetrically
arranged
along
central
axis.
entrance
to the hall must
along
the
For
axis.
instance,
When
be
the
The
the
interpreted by the character of spaces
light,
the
space behind the ritual hall, the axis
space
shifts to connect the back part of the
dark,
dwelling
unit
space.
parallel
but
line.This
by
means
away from
of
the
a
path
central
kind of linkage between the
spaces or buildings creates a
spatial
variety and ensures privacy in various
spaces.
sap
Es
The circulation path could be
described
as
following in
terms
..
of
functions:
outside
- transition space (arcade)
commercial
space
- corridor
path could
also
be
as:
placed
entering
circulation
-
33
open space - light,
-
semi-light,
narrow
space
semi-open
large
- ope n1
space
-
light
made
2.3.3 FACADE AND ARCADE
of
similar
The
facade in the rowhouse of
can
be
based
before
divided into
on
two
the time span:
Japanese
Taiwan
occupation
from.
facade
and
with
single
pattern
to that of the harbor
cities
in Southern Chins where they inherited
categories
the
wood
The arcades in this period
less
the
variants along the
street.
had
Two
major type of arcades were developed:
facade during Japanese occupation.
1. Arcade under the same roof of the
main house.
A. Facade Before Japanese Occupation
l.a
(1750-1895)
arcade
During
this
period,
most
of
the
In
story
the two-story
usually
high.
rowhouse,
is one and
The inhabitants
one
in
the
half
the
rowhouse were single story. The double
second
floor can look into the arcade
pitched roof occupied 2/5 of the total
space.
Usually the party wall is made
elevation.
of brick.
The
facades
were
mostly
34
1.b In the single-story rowhouse,
arcade
has
a
B. Arcade During Japanese Occupation
the
well-decorated
(1895-1950)
architrave.
Owing
to
the
construction
influence
improvement
technique
from
western
of
and
the
style,
the
brick and stone mask facades were very
popular at that time.
facade
Generally, this
has a complex decoration
ceramic
or
stone-carving.
with
Although
there is still the double-pitched roof
2. Arcade with individual roof
for the house,
The
arcade has its own
pitched
only the facade can be
roof
seen
from
the street.
Most
of
the
and is attached to the main house. The
structure
of
the
main
house
is
separated with that of arcade.
@I
13
35
1303
9
2.3.4 THE RELATION AND POSITION OF
rowhouses during this period were twostory buildings.
front
flat
part of the first floor with
ceiling.
VARIOUS ROOMS
The arcade is in the
The arcade has
a
A. Internal Organization
either
THe
two or four pillars along the street.
internal
of
organization
a
basically follows the linear
rowhouse
the
character of the space layout and
of main unit and affiliated
principle
There are
unit as mentioned in 2.2.1.
international
typical
three
in
organization
traditional
the
rowhouse.
A.1 Two layer,
Usually
above
there
the
one story dwelling
mezzanine
is a
bedroom
the
for
purpose in each layer.
--
space
storage
This makes the
ceiling of the bedroom lower than that
of the store and the hall.
36
Kitchen is
located in the affiliated unit next to
first
courtyard.
ancestor hall is in the middle part of
the
layer has
mezzanine
single-roof
opening
--
layer
dwelling
located
house
double-roof
for
There are two halls in
type.
in
of
is
emphasize
the
ancestor
facing
street.
second
second
Bedrooms
above.
is
admitting
and the main hall (family room)
is located in the front of the
floor
this
The ancestor hall
the second layer
one
triple-roof.
The
first layer with a well-decorated
A.2 Two layer, two story dwelling with
or
a
for
the
the
the
mezzanine
purpose
natural light
importance
hall.The
layer
This
of
main hall
is used as
and
the
of
to
the
in
the
living
room of the family.
are
placed in the rear part of each layer.
The
ancestor
hall
has
the
highest
ceiling in the house. The roof type of
this
dwelling
can be single-roof
or
double-roof.
A.3 Two layer, two story dwelling with
triple-roof
dwelling
--
This
is
style in Lu-Kang
a
popular
area.
A.5
The
37
B. Position of Various Rooms
Based
on
the
organization
of
B.2
basic
the
internal
rowhouse,
the
Hall
--
the hall is
space
in the living
have
several
the
unit.
functions
public
It
-
could
ritual,
position of the various rooms could be
reception
described as the following situation:
placed in the first part of the second
layer
B.1
Store --
the
front
facing
to
the store is
part
the
always
in
or
part
of
the
Only
of the
first
layer
in the triple-roof style, the ancestor
street.
There
is
hall
a
is located in the middle part of
doorway
the
between the street and store.
Usually
Usually
nearby
in the front
A hall could be
second floor of the first layer.
transition space of arcade or
a
or living.
mezzanine
storage
is
house
decorated
faciliated for the commercial use.
as
we
38
above.
the ancestor hall has a wellmezzanine opening and/or
transition space.
Street
mentioned
a
B.3 Bedroom --
clear
Bedrooms
in
of the elder are in the last
a
the
bedroom's
directly
corridor
to
is
door
that
the
Although sometimes
a
bedroom is placed next to
public
always
hall,
not
does
A
as
a
added
to
the lack of natural light,
Owing
it
is
usually very dark within a traditional
rowhouse.
5hoP
hall.
6
b
whole
house.
space
facing
to
A brick stove is built
in
while
unit
less
Because
cooking,
of
the
the
fumes
kithen
requires very good direct ventilation.
connection between public space (hall,
shop or courtyard) and bedroom.
in the
affiliated
kitchen.
created
open
space.
the
courtyard.
layer which is far away from the noisy
commercial street.
room
the kitchen is a
Usually it is a narrow and long
bedrooms.
between
order
Kitchen --
important
There is
the rear part of each layer.
a
B.4
Bedrooms are located in
VArd
39
parallel
2.3.5 POSITION AND RELATION OF
PHYSICAL ELEMENTS
the
to
rowhouse.
There
locations
for
direction
are
four
the
of
the
posible
permanent
Besides the interior spaces, there are
staircases.
other elements to construct a rowhouse
1. On one side of the shop or the hall
could
elements
These
type.
staircase,
described as 6 categories:
2.
opening,
mezzanine
balcony,
step,
connected with load-bearing wall.
be
Next
to the corridor and
in
the
circulation path.
courtyard and transition space.
3. In the rear part of the main unit.
4. It is between store and bedroom in
A.
Staircase
--
the staircase is the
the transverse direction.
element used as the connection between
two
floors.
There
temporary and
staircases:
kind
are two
of
permanent.
Both of them are wooden structure. the
'igig
o
I ,
temporary
mostly
staircase
used
is
for picking
goods on the mezzanine.
staircase
movable
or
(bol>
and
storing
The permanent
usually goes longitudinally
40
The stair is generally very steep. The
slope
can
reach
to
be as much as 1:1 or
width
3:2 and the
even
of
the
used
to
stair is from 0.75M to 1M.
B. Step --
The
seperate
step
internal
is
from
external
a r-
spaces.
The elevation of courtyard is
lower
than that of the other
spaces.
Hence
steps
linkage
as
courtyard.
(worship),
hall
For
the
are
the
ritual
steps in front
usually
There are three possible
of
steps
Sometimes
within
there
a
the
is
a
ho
and
space
transition
between
main
are used
{{
purpose
of
a
C. Balcony --
well-paved.
The rowhouse type seldom
arrangements
has a balcony facing the street. There
courtyard.
are a few cases of front balconies. In
front
step
if there is a balcony in
most
cases,
between the street and arcade or other
the
dwelling,
transition space.
courtyard.
41
it
faces
to
the
D. Transition Space -type,
there
space
between internal
is
In the rowhouse
always a
could
transition
and
also
be used
as
a
extension
--
Mezzanine
space for ritual activity.
external
spaces.
D.1
Arcade:
It is a linkage
between
the street and the shop. It works as a
shelter
to
protect
customers
from
L
i
raining season and hot weather.
also
used as an extension
It is
space
for
E.
the usage on the ground floor.
Mezzanine
opening is an essential element in the
rowhouse
D.2
Gallery:
There
is
usually
platform raised with one or two
covered
by
between
and
space
a
ritual space (ancestor
hall)
It
is
a
(courtyard).
The
and
Typically it is
under the peak of a roof.
is
mostly used for storage
However,
transition
the interior
type.
used
for the purpose of utilizing the space
steps
roof
between
exterior
a
well-decorated
courtyard.
Opening
the
A mezzanine
purposes.
meaning and usage of
a
mezzanine opening in a two story house
the
is
gallery
different
from
the
storage
function. When a layer is long enough,
42
a
F.
skylight is needed to bring natural
light in the middle part.
the
light
The use
placed
of
further to the middle space
the first floor.
The handrail of
between
construct
mezzanine opening is to bring the
This
of
improve
is an ancestor hall below.
dwelling
courtyard
natural
layers
the ventilation for the
It
to
sequence.
provide
spaces of two
unit.
is
layers
the main spatial
for
mezzanine is well-decorated when there
the
different
open space can
light
the
--
Courtyard
is also
and
long
used
as
working space next to kitchen. Usually
there is a well in the courtyard,
the
lower elevation of the
provides
also
serves
drainage.
courtyard
The courtyard
is
a place for family activity.
It
as
ceremonies.
43
and
extension
space
for
opening
2.3.6 CONNECTION
or
mezzanine
The
traditional
organized
rowhouse is
dwelling
composed of layers,
different
a
unit.
It
visual
well
between
is
In
opening
connection
living
ancestor hall.
various rooms and
elements.
the
visual
this
courtyard.
provides
internal
in the same
space
and
store
between
layers.
work as integrating elements to
the balcony is the common element
together
different
parts
as
organized whole. These connections are
vertical
connection,
connection
as
well
transversal
as
longitudinal
connection.
A. Vertical Connection
Vertical
connection
connection includes physical
and
visual
connection.
Physical connection is achieved by the
staircase.
Visual
emphysized
by means
connection
ofthe
the courtyard
this connection.
an
is
mezzanine
44
or
different
composition, three type of connections
bring
layer
The courtyard provides
connection
In
The
situation,
for
B. Transversal Connection
Transversal
space
connections exist in
between
living
the
courtyard,
hall
spaces of other bays.
and
Usually
rowhouse type with several bays. These
the bedroom of nearby bays have a door
connections
open either to the transition space or
can
positions.
happen in
In the first
bay
has
the
courtyard.
openings
in
there can
the two party
walls
( The width
is from 1M to 4M.)
rowhouse,
the
In the
become
of
the
be
around it.
to
-f the
Sometimes
multi-bay
yard of the individual
bay is integrated and becomes a
courtyard
the
whole
The
ancestor hall is located
layer
large
as communication space
family in different
of the
middle
hall.
to
openings could also be at the end
of the first layer.
last
ancestor
each
In the first part
connect the shops.
the
layer,
its own corridor leading
the first layer (shop),
opening
different
for
bays.
in
the
bay.
And
there is a formal semi-open transition
45
The
ancestor
a spiritual center to
living
hall
connect
spaces of different
bays
C. Longtitudinal connection
With
the
parallel
constriant
the
first
party
walls
direction
is
the
the
can
longtitudinal
easiest
and
the
plays
a
longtitudinal
most
together different layers.
this
of
to
tie
Typically,
connection is achieved by
means
the courtyard or affiliated
unit.
The
courtyard
along
the
usually
is the
major
circulation
are
element
path.
steps
There
along
the
circulation axis between courtyard and
transition
space
to
emphasize
the
longtitudinal connection.
The affiliated unit is used as gallery
in the second floor.
the
It is to connect
main units in both ends.
In
be
used
and
different weather.
connection
very important role
also
connection
common way for growth of the rowhouse.
Hence,
except
being
used
as
kitchen or storage, an affiliated unit
and the narrow frontage to
street,
floor,
the
46
as
as
gallery
for
a
shelter
for
CHAPTER 3:
CHANGE AND NEW REQUIREMENT
3.1 FAMILY STRUCTURE AND DWELLING TYPE
........................... 48
3.2 ISSUES INVOLVED IN THE ROWHOUSE TYPE ....................... 52
3.3 NEW REQUIREMENT
......
.
..............
...
.............
3.3.1 TRADITION AND CONVERSION OF VARIOUS SPACES
3.3.2 NEW STANDARD AND REQUIREMENT IN THE BUILDING CODE
47
54
3. CHANGE AND NEW REQUIREMENTS
3.1 FAMILY STRUCTURE AND DWELLING TYPE
Housing
is
prevailing
largely
a
product
from the Communist controlled Mainland
of
China.
economic and technological
At
the
forces. Family relations and structure
industrialization
manifested in everyday household
brought
play
a
critical
determination
the
and
house form.
years,
both
dwelling
role
in
transformation
During the
family
type have been
past
structure
affected
life
in
new
a
time,
the
this area
also
the cities. These two factors made the
40
housing
shortage
problem.
Thus
and
by
a
very
serious
an efficient
building
technology and a space-saving dwelling
type
in the Taiwan area.
traditional
Srh-Ho-Yuan
Yuan
no
time.
needed at that
were
types
longer
and
met
In the mid 1940's, Taiwan was returned
requirement.
to China from Japan. After the Chinese
was
originally developed for
civil
of
economic
thousands
into
of
the modernization and industrilization
war (1945-1950),
urban
of
class
from the rural areas
immigrants
the
same
of
Chinese immigrants swarmed into Taiwan
survived,
48
San-Hothe
The rowhouse type
use
of
The
urban
new
which
reasons
land
but the traditional elegant
elements
decoration
and
no
longer
appear in today's rowhouse type.
units
were
replaced
them with new constructions.
In the mid 1960's,
to
Owing
the
industrilization,
economic
new
population
and
housing
construction
using
brick
owing to the rapid
growth and the
building technology of concrete column
slab
and
demolished
dwelling
density,
increase
the
of
high-rise
unit with elevator
became
a
infill for walls and partitions became
new building type the urban area.
widespread.
This method made possible
character
of the traditional dwelling
multi-
continued
to
physical
facilities
the
application of
wide
the
replaced
story
dwelling.
brick
and- wood and became the
construction
It rapidly
method.
Therefore,
through
major
living
the
be
neglected.
economic
were
concern
for the environment
rowhouse
People
began
to
look
identification
in
the
with
their
modern
and
walk-up
uniform
facilities
massive
with
the
rectangular
flat roofs and
apartment
appearance
emerged.
concrete
modern
and
These
social
boxes
more
and
progress.
new
traditional
kitchens
the
a
new
for
tried
elements and
self-
cultural
of design.
projects
emerged.
and
More
and
to
use
decorations
to recapture the spirit of the Chinese
bathrooms represented the current
fashion
aspects
and
also raised,
mass housing by way of the multi-story
and
After
improved
progress,
standard
The
style.
Traditional
49
Modernization, with the convergence of
children.
the
contains
moral
demand
for
individual
freedom and the industrial demand
an
independent labor,
nuclear
family.
transformation
against
for
the
process,
three
other
with
the
revolt
tend
to
the old family structure
family
and
generations
three fourths of
housing
this
the
the
membership is from 6 to 10 in size.The
had led to the
Unlike
Therefore,
families
all
family
form of the nuclear
live
in
urban
with
area
members from 2 to 6.
was
not totally successful. Although fivegeneration
extended
scarce at the present,
all
households
modified
which
one fourth
still
extended
includes
families
maintain
family
the
horizontal extension from the
family.
Typically
extension
is composed of
couple
and
composed
of
horizontal
elder
a
the
nuclear
one of their
extension
couple's
designed
the
"3
and
vertical
an
elderly
for
the
nuclear
are
families.
rooms-2 halls" units with a
layout
of the three bedrooms,
room,
dinning
bathroom.
household
sons.
apartments
walk-up
and
They are typical examples of so called
nuclear
includes
other
multi-story
of
structure
vertical
the high-rise buildings
of
Most
are
For
room,
living
kitchen
the modified
rigid
and
extended
families three new dwelling styles are
The
used
the
sturcture.
unmarried
50
for
the demands of this
family
two
1. Single Rowhouse Dwelling Unit
families
Most
(for
of
kind
live in this
Each
stories.
family
two
families
relation
2. Two Interconnected Apartment Unit
family
apartments
adjusts
two
into one household
Usually
of
units
vithin
staircase
the same floor,
between
two
or
add
a
of
units
different floors.
3. Two Intra-neighborhood Dwelling
Units
A
family
units.
The
lives
within
two
connection between
and
it
can
have
privacy at
is
the
their own small families.
rise building. They either combine two
on
a
The two
both
same
nearby
these
51
close
time.
desirable
arrangement for the brothers who
multi-story walk-up apartment or high-
units
staircase,
or different buildings. With this type
entrance and ownership of the land.
A
public
may locate in the same building
units
own
its
has
4
to
2
with
rowhouse
example a
public corridor or a street).
house. Usually the dwelling is a massproduction
units goes through a public space
bave
3.2 ISSUES INVOLVED WITH THE ROWHOUSE
TYPE
As
I
mentioned above,
the
rowhouse
survives because of the economic
use,
the
is
land
space,
mix-use flexibility and the
Despite of the rigid
appearance,
there
still
However,
uniform
are
. privacy
2
separate
problems:
1.
The
rowhouse
narrow
and long span of
the
type (4.5M x 15M) without
to other households.
there exists the problem
in
the
in
rowhouse
which
are
territories
of
not
Usually
The
a
is
the
1.
this kind of space
very popular
type
the
maintains
following advantages:
The
material
cannot be efficiently used.
Sharing
rowhouse
large
space in the middle part of
building.
2.
or
considered in the design.
courtyard or skylight creates a
dark
some
for commercial use
either
residential use,
accommodation of the modified extended
family.
owners usually lease
small,
use of the party
and
wall
saves
construction
time
compared to the free standing house.
in
the
2.
The
ownership
clearly determined.
rowhouse type. When the household size
52
of
the
land
is
This concurs with
the
Chinese principle to own the land
you
live on and it is also
convinent
for further extension.
3.
The mixed-use function can provide
a secondary commercial activity in the
neighborhood.
This dwelling type
can
or in
the
exist
in
the small town,
area
of
city
away
central
from
business district.
By
improving
solving
rowhouse
dwelling
the
the design quality
function
problems,
type can still be
type
from
the
a
and
the
useful
social,
economic and family structure aspects.
53
3.3 NEW REQUIREMENT
3.3.1 TRADITION AND CONVERSION OF VARIOUS ROOMS
1-
I
FAMILY SPACE
*
-
CONVERSION
TRADITION
HALL
*
a. ancestor worship
b. religious worship
c. representation of social
status
d. family communication
e. important location along
a. reception
b. family communication
c. recreation (T.V.)
*
*
YARD
*
BEDROOM
a. clear order
b. dark
c. less privacy
*
54
FAMILY ROOM (option)
a. religious and ancestor
worship
a. working space
b. family communication
c. playground for children
PRIVATE SPACE
DINING ROOM
a. eating space
b. next to kitchen
axis
*
LIVING ROOM
BEDROOM
a. sufficient sun light
and ventilation
b. more privacy
c. a master bedroom with
indivisual bathroom
___________________________
________________________
WORKING SPACE
____________________________________________________________I
_____________________________________________________I
*
_______________________________________________________________
*
KITCHEN
working space next to
kitchen
SERVICE SPACE
*
BATHROOM
*
WORKSHOP(optionG)
a. with laundry equipment
b. sewing machine
*
BATHROOM
a. no formal bathroom or
facilities
*
a. with modern facilities
(a bathtub, a sink,
a flush toilet
)
b. minimum requirement of
one bathroom and an extra
toilet room per threebedroom house
STORAGE
*
5 5
KITCHEN
a. sufficient natural
ventilation
b. modern facilities
( sink, gas stove,
refrigerator
)
c. next to a balcony
d. with laundry equipment
a. secondary space in the
house
b. narrow, small space
c. courtyard as an extension
STORAGE
I
L
3.3.2 NEW STANDARD AND REQUIREMENT IN THE BUILDING CODE
ROOM
STUDIO
1--2
2--3
3--5
MINIMUM
DIMENSION
LIVING ROOM
12 M2
12
M2
14 M'
2.7 M
DINING ROOM
6 M
8 M'
9 M
2.4 M
16 M
18 M'
20 M'
2.4 M
*
10, M
12 M'
2.1 M
*
101
10 M'
2.7 M
*
2.1 M
*
LIVING and
NATURAL
LIGHTING
*
DINING ROOM
KITCHEN and
DINING ROOM
9 M
MASTER BEDROOM
10 M
BEDROOM (A)
7.5 M
BEDROOM (B)
7.5 M
5 M
5 Ml
5 M'
1.8 M
*
1.8 M
*
KITCHEN
4 M2
4.2 M
4.2 M'
5.5 M"
BATHROOM
3 M?
3.4 M2 3.4 Ml
4 M
1.5 M
1.4 M'
0.9 M
TOILET ROOM
STORAGE
LIVING and
DINING and
BEDROOM
2 Mz
2 M
3.5 M2
18 M'
5 M
2.7 M
5 6
*
CHAPTER 4: DEVELOPMENT OV THE NEW ROWHOUSE TYPE
4.1 CONSTRAINTS AND RULES .....................................58
4.1.1 RULES FROM THE TRADITIONAL CHARACTER
4.1.2 CONSTRAINTS FROM THE CURRENT REQUIREMENT
4.2 METHOD
.............................................. 62
4.2.1 ZONING DISTRIBUTION
4.2.2 POSITION RULES
4.2.3 DIMENSION OF ZONING DISTRIBUTIONS
4.3 THE ROWHOUSE SYSTEM ......................................... 68
4.3.1 FRAMEWORK
4.3.2 SUB-VARIATIONS OF BASIC UNIT AND BASIC LAYER
4.3.3 ROOF VARIATIONS
4.3.4 A ROWHOUSE EXAMPLE
4.4 FACADE SYSTEM ------....
--.
----------------4.5 DWELLING BLOCK .........................................
57
-.....
87
90
4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW ROWHOUSE
4.1 CONSTRAINTS AND RULES
(petite, small, medium and large unit)
In this section, a new set of rules is
which the new design
on
defined,
to
of
come from
rules
new
The
others stem from
conventions in
the
be
rowhouse
or
this
the relevant traditional
transforming
character.
selecting
combined
should
rowhouse type should be based. Some of
these
be
spatial
traditional
on
the
various
The
new
layer
sequence
rowhouse type
order of the
spaces.
of
(one-pitched
less
roof,
triple-ptiched
and the distinction of 4
units
58
clear
Hence,
the
sequence
is
of
the
was
based
importance
However,
current dwelling style,
A. Configuration
roof,
the
B. Spatial Sequence
CHARACTER
roof)
type design.
in
contemporary
4.1.1 RULES FROM THE TRADITIONAL
double-pitched
preserved
ways,
type is limited to one or two in
The
pattern
differnt
number.
the
context and building code.
Roof
in
as it was
in
the
this order is
in
the
traditional
not
for
applicable
past.
spatial
in
the
current rowhouse development.
new
design,
the
traditional
should
not be
linear
character should be
and
In
emphasized.
Owing
the
axis
Only
current
the
living
style,
most
of
relation and position rules for
preserved
the path should be placed to
to the change of space order in
in
one
the
the
rooms
traditional rowhouse are
not
applicable in the new design. Only two
side of the rowhouse next to the party
principles should still be followed:
wall.
1.
Only
the shop or the living
room
can be placed in the front part of the
C. Facade and Arcade
first floor next to the street.
The
2. The kitchen should not be placed in
character of the facade should be
preserved
position
according to
of
the
possible
various openings in
the front part of the building
the
facing
to the street.
traditional rowhouse type. The arcade,
according to the new building code, is
required
at a minimum depth
of
E.
3.3M
Relation
and Position of Physical
Elements
for the commercial area.
E.1 Mezzanine Opening and Courtyard:
The
mezzanine
courtyard
elements
D. Relation and Position of Various
character
Rooms
59
are
opening
of
the
the
crucial
contributing to the
spatial
of
two
and
the rowhouse
type
and
provide
the
sufficient natural
building.
design,
each
In
the
house
light
new
must
E.3 Balcony
to
A
rowhouse
at
balcony should be placed facing
the street or to the courtyard.
least
contain one of these two elements.From
E.4 Step
the
There
observation
rowhouse
lighting
dimension
and
for
and
of
on
the
the
existing
purpose
ventilation,
the
mezzanine
the
F. Connection
F.1 Vertical Connection
3M,and
the
Besides
also
should
multi-story
E.2 Transition Space
between
be a
transition
the street and the
physical
vertical
stairs,
not be less than 4M x 4M.
should
be
connection
visual
rowhouse
by
A
should be a gallery around
a
the
means
of
house--an
for the residential unit.
as
for
mezzanine opening or courtyard.
space
F.2 Longitudinal Connection
courtyard
by
connection
emphasized
arcade for commercial units or a porch
There
the
the
dimension of the courtyard should
There
between
steps
be
should
courtyard and the transition space.
of
opening
should not be less than 2.5M x
to
transition
provided
the
these
space
between layers.
connection should
be
between different layers
if
longitudinal
layers are inhabitated
same family.
60
by
the
C.
F.3 Transversal Connection
A
transversal connection is used
the
territories
for
for
family.
It
the
different
extended
large
divisions
variations
internal linkage of the multi-bay
rowhouse
Each house should provide possible
in
plan
family
and
to
sizes
possible
accomodate
and
living
styles.
is not applicable in this
study of new design.
D.
rooms
4.1.2 CONSTRAINTS FROM THE CURRENT
All the rowhouse type are
divided
E.
into two categories:
A.1
area
rowhouse in
The
--
a
the
commercial
mixed-use rowhouse with
The rowhouse in
The
either
should
meet
the
minimum
living room should be located
next to the external
wall
or
under the skylight.
a
F. The staircase, bathroom and storage
required arcade.
A.2
dimension and area of various
requirement of the building code.
REQUIREMENT
A.
The
the
should
residential
be located in the middle
area.
of the house.
B. The height of the rowhouse is
G.
The
limited to 4 stories.
to
a balcony and directly
61
part
kitchen should be placed next
expose
to
the outside for natural ventilation.
4.2 METHOD
H.
A
The
dining
independent
roon could be
either
or incorperated with
the
method
which
living room.
An
informal eating space
base
on
a design can be made to reflect
the selected rules and constraints. In
order
I.
should serve as a
can
be
to
flexibility
situated in the kitchen area.
zoning
optimize
of
system
methodology
the
layout
the dwelling
based
on
unit
the
a
SAR
is used in the new design
development. Within the zoning system,
all
the
identified
relations
among
those
elements can be explicitly
stated.
4.2.1 ZONING DISTRIBUTION
In
this
six
zoning
distributions are developed.
Based on
these
distributions
can be made.
62
section,
many
variations
The zones and margins in
a zone distribution can be defined
as
or
following:
--
An
alpha
zone
is
an
internal
area, intended for private use, and is
adjacent to an exterior wall.
--
A
a r
beta zone is an internal area,
intened
for private use,
and is
not
ZIID3
adjacent to an exterior wall.
--
A
gamma zone can be internal
external
but is intended
for
or
public
use.
--
..
A
2
delta zone is an external area
Margin --
A margin is an area
between
two zones, with the characteristics of
these zones and taking its
IIID
ZIID
ZIZD
intended for private use.
both
e
-r
name
o0
,O(
from them.
ZIID0
63
rd
4.2.2
POSITION RULES
Position 1:
The
minimum depth of the space is the
width of an
is
Position
the
width of an
adjoining margins.
The minimum depth of the space is
The maximum depth
zone.
zone
plus
3:
width
two
of
zone)
The spaces such as
The
two
zones
the
(including
plus the margin
between
an
them.
maximum depth is the width of two
master bedroom, bedroom and study room
zones plus three margins. Living room,
should be located in this position.
family room and shop should be located
in this position or position 1.
Position 2:
The minimum depth of the space is
width of an
is
the
zone.
width
of an
the
Position 4:
The maximum depth
zone
plus
The minimum depth of the space is
an
width
of a
adjoining margin. This position can be
is
applied by the spaces for position
1.
adjoining
kitchen should only be placed
in
sitting
The
this
position
with the other
the
zone.
width of a
The maximum depth
zone
margins.
room
used as balcony.
64
plus
Dining
or workshop
placed in this position.
margin
the
two
room,
should
be
Position 5:
This
rule occurs only
position
are
there
in
zones
two
when
the
zone
distribution. The minimum depth of the
is the width of a
space
zone plus a
margin. The maximum depth is the width
of
two
zones plus a margin
between
Position 1.
Position 2.
Position 3.
Position 4.
Position 5.
Position 6.
them. The mezzanine opening of the top
floor
level
a
with
skylight
above
should be located in this position.The
space
below
the
mezzanine
opening
should have a family-use function such
as living room,
family room,
sitting
area or dining room.
Position 6:
The
minimum depth of the space is the
width of the margin.
Bathroom, toilet
room and storage should be located
in
this position or in position 4.
65
4.2.3 DIMENSION OF ZONING
DISTRIBUTIONS
The dimension of a zoning distribution
in the zone distribution.
is
analysis
usually
based
on
the
prefered
maximum and minimum size of the
between
space
charts
as
the
base
decide the dimension of
the
to
zoning
can be used
distributions.
After
dimension of zoning distributions
been desided,
the
with
analysis
chart.
a sector and the accommodated
II~zI
z~zI 0LII
II~z
iLl
has
the zoning analysis and
aid of space
relationship
the
sector analysis can be formulated
the
the
sector
functions.
in a dwelling unit. Space and function
analysis
indicates
The
and
function
The zoning
analysis
Z10
D00
300
330
36-
i~lI
ILl
IW
indicates how functions can be located
310
42D
1-So
240 2To
tigm
8gqao9i
IorMa
300
33a
3(o
Sio
4zo
45D
(M1142.7M)
Space and Function Analysis Chart
66
Space and Function Analysis
Chart
r
14
rjr
&4
El
r-
E
E]E]
]zEE
]LDR
1:
LID
- 27
[~0000fI0I0
U'
O[IFD]E~I
IL
ii
4--
0000000-
0
330
a0
AO
42o
Pg 740 310 27iCITCHF-A It DINIfct
I.*"i)
&I' I 5MaCNS14
gwDo#1
1
-7.sSM'CM
2+
0-
]EE
I[ ]o 4aZ1o3000
Jtio
E Eli E-300
]IE Fi00 D0D0El
[iD1iIIIDDZILIIZF7 330
]lE-
-80
DDDii IIIri i31
iKi
L[-L~1E]E- ]E-~] [~
2.40
0000
En
jiKI
* IIaIn10JH
_w
S.114)
67
3-
330 3&*
3Pe
+W
4-50
40
Dimension of Zone Distribution
4.3 THE ROWHOUSE SYSTEM
4.3.1 FRAMEWORK
goo
4so0
In this section, combinatory rules are
used to generate various dimensions of
qo
the
rowhouse.
Chapter
2,
As
I
mentioned
each layer of a
in
rowhouse
can be described as the combination of
is
rowhouse
10
to
ISOa
dimension.
240
) 90O
60
design
:> SD
150
)wq
>10
is
the same way
layers
Thus
to
with
in the new
this principle of
used
by
constructed
of
combination
q0
In
units.
various
construct
the
the
various
rowhouse
combination
the
whole
ISO~
F-
64
rowhouse.
Combinations can be started
2&70
from
290
the unit level through the layer
level to the house level.
68
Finally
can be treated as two categories:
is
A. Basic Unit
dimension of houses.
element in this category can
Each
combined
thw
with another
element
the
A
(with
rowhouse
B. Basic Layer
rowhouse
a
either
layer of a
a
be
basic layer or composed
by
be
small
layer.
medium layer and larger layer.
A
rowhouse
can be
either
one-layer
opening or
two-layer
with
mezzanine
with
courtyard or both courtyard
should
first floor.
Three types of layer
constructed:
be
located
contain
an
in
area.
the
arcade
(with depth of 3.3M) and a shop in the
layer.
can
two basic units.
can
rowhouse
can
commercial area the layout of
In
Thus
various
the
area or residential
commercial
one layer.
element is an individual
of
collection
be
same or different size) to become
Each
environment
the new rowhouse
Firstly the seven zoning distributions
and
mezzanine.
69
LAYER
FRAMEWORK
1. Small Layer (without stairs)
ROWHOUSE SYSTEM
LI
HOUSE
* 8.70 M
* 6.60 M
2. Medium Layer (with stairs 1.80 M)
LAYER
2.a.
* 4.80 + 1.80 + 4.80
= 11.40 M
UNI T
-L.i-I2
* 4.80 + 1.80 + 6.00
= 12.60 M
* 6.00 + 1.80 + 6.00
= 13.80 M
UNIT
2 -.b
* 1.80 + 4.80 M
ill
* 1.80 + 6.00 M
* 1.80
+ 9.00 M
* 4.80 M
* 6.00 M
* 13.50 M
* 9.00 M
70
3. Large Layer(with stairs & mezzanine
opening)
HOUSE
3.a.
1. One Layer House (with mezzanine
opening )
EI--I"
.-
*
*
9.00 + 1.80 + 4.80
= 15.60 M
m
-I
.
* 15.60 M
* 16.80 M
9.00 + 1.80 + 6.00
= 16.80 M
U LU=lil
3. b.
E
- _7
iw
I
*
14.70 M
2. Two Layer House
2.a With Courtyard (4.5 M)
* 14.70 M
a.1.Medium Layer + Small Layer
71
* 11.40 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 22.50 M
* 11.40 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 24.60 M
* 12.60 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 23.70 M
* 12.60 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 25.80 M
* 13.80 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 24.90 M
* 13.80 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 27.00 M
RMM
fl-I
*
* 13.50 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 24.60 M
* 13.50 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 26.70 M
13.50 + 4.50 + 13.50
= 31.50 M
2.b. With Courtyard & Mezzanine Opening
b.1. Large Layer + Small Layer
a.2. Medium Layer + Medium Layer
L
VIM1
-I!-Th1
* 15.60 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 26.70 M
* 15.60 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 28.80 M
* 16.80 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 27.90 M
* 16.80 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 30.00 M
*
11.40 + 4.50 + 11.40
= 27.30 M
*
11.40 + 4.50 + 12.60
= 28.50 M
*
11.40 + 4.50 + 13.80
= 29.70 M
*
12.60 + 4.50 + 13.80
= 30.90 M
* 14.70 + 4.50 + 6.60
= 25.80
*
13.80 + 4.50 + 13.80
= 32.10 M
* 14.70 + 4.50 + 8.70
= 27.90 M
L
72
......
-- ..
UUULLLLLU4
....
..
i'Li
b.3. Large Layer + Large Layer
b.2. Large Layer + Medium Layer
*
15.60 + 4.50 + 11.40
- 31.50 M
*
15.60 + 4.50 + 15.60
= 35.70 M
*
15.60 + 4.50 + 12.60
= 32.70 M
*
15.60 + 4.50 + 16.80
= 36.90 M
*
1560 + 4.50 + 13.80
*
16.80 + 4.50 + 16.80
=
=
33.90 m
*
16.80 + 4.50 + 11.40
= 32.70 M
*
16.80 + 4.50 + 12.60
= 33.90 M
*
16.80 + 4.50 + 13.80
= 35.10 m
L~U1IIULW
a~aisLLU
I
tULUIIW]
ml
*
+ 4.50 + 14.70
= 33.90 M
* 14.70
73
38.10 M
I
K
14.70 + 4.50 + 14.70
= 33.90 M
or
4.3.2 SUB-VARIATIONS OF BASIC UNIT AND
BASIC LAYER
Io
240
(.boM+4.oMx4-bon
74
(i.om tGo,oM) X4-BOM 240
/A
75
(Ij5M0+q.0
m) x4-&O
/a
76
91
4.oM
(-G6
'24o
.a
O
oC
d(
-s
Ell
I0
-
77
.:
5.7o M x 4.80 M
14
an^
240
d
78
3.50 mx 4-o M
240
24o
I
I
I
I
I
79
4.70 M < 4.60 m
24O
dl
80
4.3.3 ROOF VARIATIONS
660
m
6.10M
2A0
is.moM
.
2A0
81
Roof Variation
m
12.6 M
16.60M
2w0
82
Roof Variation
11
00*M
.40 m
24c
1240
go ,
KK
Ik
.1
"Ow
I
83
II o
1w
21
Roof Variation
180M
16.6oM
84
4.3.4 A
gto
0o
ROWHOUSE EXAMPLE
Io
1io
150
gto
go
dmo
240
j
I
rkT
85
go
Section
86
4.4 FACADE SYSTEM
The
facade
the
framework
system in elevation is organized into two distincts:
which
establishes a structure at
the
level
of
collective control, and the infill which allows for variations at
the level of individual control.
Inf ill
Framework
10
WINDoN
120
90
270
60
p
270
90
6o
H
60
qO
Z70
60
HM6
12.0
87
- ALCI*IY H-MVRAIL-
270'
90
go
zI0L
12-0~i
210
^AZCADE
210
CANOP'Y
2-10
'10
'
1,20
120
45
88
MA!5K- FACADE
ME=
IMi
Facade Example
89
4.5 DWELLING BLOCK
Commercial Area
In this area, each house has its own arcade and shop, and the net
width
of the commertial street should be larger than 10
dimension of the rowhouse is
08 ae0
02.B
4.-ro
*
I5.OOM
-
The
from 14.70 M to 38.10 M
0
O
M.
B Zone Distribution
''4*-7'"0
01
68
CMP ...........
IA
"rEer
Residential Area
'
1*M
31'~
01
C41*~CA
Com"SRIAL-
Ttp
zb.w~35.1o
2
.20-38.10M
In this area, the net width of the residential street is from 6 M
to 9 M. The dimension of the house is from 15.60 M to 35.10 M
O- B Zone Distribution
4214.0
9B0
n
0iB
Analysis
F~4
ftPLrr~7
110T
-A
I~1jQ
"a
91
OiB
Analysis
I
Ij
1~
J-\]
N
F9
~Lb
tx
I
-
0
92
Residential Street
.12.M
I-S
1~*~I
1
3.1.
I*
6
i.pA
I I
~
'~
I
93
Commercial Street
,
I
3.0
1.
10.0
94
1
G.0
2060
Commercial Street
- 24 M
i.
jIL
o3.0
3.0
30-4
3.0
95
1g
Block Example
C.OEMEKCAAL- AgtA
20
n
96
CHAPTER 5: COMPUTER-APPLICATION IN THE ROWHOUSE SYSTEM
5.1 DESIGN PROCESS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION
5.1.1 ESSENCE OF DESIGN ACTIVITY
5.1.2 LEVEL OF DECISION MAKING
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM -
..................... 98
--..........................
5.2.1 DECISION MAKING IN THE ROWHOUSE
5.2.2 DATA SYSTEM
5.2.3 WORK OF USER AND MACHINE
5.3 OPERATION .........-----.
--------.
---------.
5.3.1 LEVEL OF SUPPORT PRINCIPLE
5.3.2 LEVEL OF SUPPORT SYSTEM
5.3.3 LEVEL OF TERRITORY DIVISION
5.3.4 LEVEL OF FLOOR PLAN
97
---. ---.-.-. --..-..-.-
102
113
5. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN THE
ROWHOUSE SYSTEM
5.1 DESIGN PROCESS AND COMPUTER
APPLICATION
Since
1960,
gradually
to
help
computer
has
been
* Computer-aided Drawing
involved in the design work
architects
in
the
design
The
graphic device replaces the
of
pencil
in
the
drawing
process. Mostly computers are employed
Computer
in
economic
way both in time
saving.
Its
two
aspects
of
architectural
practice.
drawing
reproduction,
provides
powerful
more
and
money
ability
* Information Handling
and
In this case,
architects in design process.
data
processing
store
required
design
a computer is used as a
and
machine.
It
efficiently
process
(such as
a
in
reduction
drawing
helps
would
retrieve
data which is needed in
board.
a
enlargment,
perspective
role
The
the
purpose
of
rowhouse
computer
system, however, is expected not to be
material
used
database and building codes).
as a convinent graphic tool
architects
98
but
to
provide
for
a
participants in the process.
tasks
of the computer model
of
support system
users
different
5.1.1 THE ESSENCE OF DESIGN ACTIVITY
The main
are
for
Design is a form-making
and architects to test the
developers
capacity
various
for
vehicle
communication
and
select
to
contains 2 main tasks:
for
exploration.
desired
formulation
variants.
Before
includes
the
established,
should
be
two
the
is
observation
and
built
design
people's value judgement,
process:
theme
1. the essence of design activity
are abstracted.
2. the level of decision making
rule
process
analysis.
on
the
a
activity and its
issues
important
considered in
Recognition
the observation and
being
It
recognition and
Through
system
computer
activity.
environment
analysis
based
on
the spatial
and implicit or explicit
rules
Built Form
RECOGNITION
Theme
EXPLORATION
99
Exploration
includes
generating,
These
the
testing
three steps
3
and
steps:
adjusting.
alternate
between
form and the rules which includes
spatial
theme
recognition
formulation
process
in
and
the
outside
criteria which form must fit in. After
the
form
evaluate
rules.
being
it
Then
by
generated,
checking
either
the
one
can
with
the
rules
are
adjusted or the form is modified until
the proposed form is accepted.
In this process, observation, analysis
and generation are more
human
behaviors.
sophisticated
They are still dark
boxes to our understanding. Therefore,
the discussion of their nature is
not
included in the study.
100
In
commands
ordered
computer system, it
as
similar
adjusting
system
to
computer
of
However,
on
as
mentioned
Therefore,
intention is to
levels.
value
The
making
for
the
in
this
participants
lower
architects,
process
will be involved in different level of
This testing
decision
in
making.
is
It can
be applied to the computer
the routine testing work by
There
is no
clear
line among the responsibilities of the
capacity
given criteria described
as
Various
developers, landowners and inhabitants
different parties.
the
context
one.
such
the S.A.R. methodology to evaluate the
do
the
the
apply
operation is a very important task
easily
different
higher level of decision
process provides
user
of a support system.
making
a sequence of the decision
of
only in the testing
the design activity.
activity can also be described
process and be divided into
this
the
with the nature
participation.
my
above
of a single aspect which is
conflicting
study
the
only based
judgement
Design
might be operated
activity.
is
powerful
a
into
5.1.2 THE LEVEL OF DECISION MAKING
certain
if one sets
cases,
some
to
The decision level
only based on the control and
the
agreement among them.
using
in
the
Using
prestored data.
the advantage of
systematic
101
character,
the
computer
one
can
distinguish
levels.
Participants
are
level
decision
level
the process into
in
several
the
lower
not allowed to change
which
were made
by
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
the
5.2.1 LEVEL OF DECISION MAKING IN THE
higher
unless the same participant
ROWHOUSE
is
involved in both levels. In this case,
Before
the
the
being established, the rowhouse design
he
process could be divided into 5 levels
the
of decision making. Each level has its
participant
higher
found
level
can
return
decision making
any improper situation
to
if
in
lower level.
own
make
the
actural
criteria.
The
decision
criteria
computer
system
participants
within
the
can
basic
and context which the higher
levels provided.
The process from step 1 to step 3 is a
generating
stage
rowhouse
support
established.
to
102
step
through
which
the
system
is
The process from step
5 is an
implementing
3
stage
STEP
CRITERIA
1
ITHEME OF THE ROWHOUSE
2
VARIABILITY
ADAPTABILITY
3
DECISION MAKING
THE ROWHOUSE TYPE
I
SUPPORT PRINCIPLE
GENERATING
STAGE
SUPPORT SYSTEM
SPACE AND FUNCTION RULES
POSITION RULES
4NS
i
4
FAMILY SIZE
PRIVACY OF HOUSEHOULD
ACCESSIBILITY
TERRITORY
5
BASIC FUNCTION REQUIREMENT
OF ONE HOUSEHOLD
FLOOR PLAN
103
DIVISION
IMPLEMENTING
STAGE
the
where
support
can
system
given
be
the purpose of
above,
mentioned
of
various
making
decision
users.
difficulty
computer
of
Hence,
the
decision
the
system.
is
A.
only
system
make
complete freedom
implementing
freedom
in
the
stage
but
in
dimension of the support system).
The
suggested
rowhouse
principle
type
(step
to
(step 1)
2)
are
and
--
They
"Select" --
B.
users
of
computer
freedom
are
The users
have
can imput new data
full
to
The computer will not
stage
the
the
kind
decision.
define
(limiting
the
in
of
provide any suggested data.
limited
generating
Two
"Define"
freedom.
the
making
levels
provided in the decision making:
treated as a closed system. The closed
provides
only 4
are
there
the
the
system,
here
operation
not
context.
in handling the generating
in the computer
process
for
Also because
are
the
in
task of testing capacity and
tool
users
in
to change them but follow the
allowed
I
the
system is mainly applied
computer
the
As
various inhabitants.
for
prestored
Computer
machine.
developed to become an actual dwelling
unit
information
treated
In this situation the
role of user is passive.
as
104
provides
choices for users to select
the proper one.
support
The computer
C.
"Select + Define"
either
select
choices
provided
from
--
The user
the
can
suggested
by the computer
or
input data to make decision.
CRITERIA
SPACE AND FUNCTION RULE -
DECISION MAKING
FREEDOM
SUPPORT PRINCIPLE]
SELECT
-SUPPORT
SYSTEM
POSITION RULE
FAMILY SIZE
PRIVACY
ACCESSIBILITY
BASIC FUNCTION
REQUIREMENT OF
ONE HOUSEHOLD
---
SELECT
DEFINE
5TRIORY DIVISION
SELECT
DEFINE
- FLOOR PLAN
DEFINE
105
5.2.2 THE DATA SYSTEM IN THE MACHINE
This data base is divided into 2 parts
for
After
the
computer
important
basic
model
issue
information
framework
is
set,
is
the
what
(data) is
of
necessary
Various
the
support
data
of
for
base each zone,
margin
is
the computer operation.
dimention.
The
A.1.b
data system can be separated into
2 categories:
of
This
data
is initially
named
have
In
different
is
with
criteria
used
the
each sector and
the
default
to A.1.d are on the data
data
A. Prestored Data Base
areas.
principle
different zone distributions.
next
kind
commercial or residential
for
bases
levels.
This
checking
the
operation by the computer.
set
in
the
computer memory before operation.
A.1.b Data of Space, Function Analysis
and Position Rule
A.1 Prime Data System
The
data
space
A.1.a The
Data
System
of
Support
defined
Principle
codes.
106
of the standard size
for
a
certain
according
Data
to
from the
function
the
of
a
is
building
position
rule
the
includes
(bedroom,
general
living
position
A.1.d Data of Basic Requirements
rule
room and kitchen in
of
the Family Unit
zone,
the kitchen must have a balcony
Each family unit must include at least
etc.)
and the rowhouse position
a bathroom, a kitchen, a bedroom and a
(kitchen
street,
placed
not
only
allowed
rule
facing
the
the living room can
living
be
room (or in the
studio
type,
the living room can also be treated as
in the first floor next to the
bedroom).
main entrance etc.).
A.1.c Data of Accessibility and
ROWHOUSE POSITION RULE
Privacy Analysis
Each
support
is composed of 3
Each
staircase
is
named.
Family units in the second
or
floor
and
4
parts.
third
part
or
must have an
public staircase.
UNIT
FUNCTION
1A
2A 3A
1B 2B 3B
1C 2C 3C
1D 2D 3D
Sh L
L B
L
K D
L B K D
L B K D
accessible
For any family that
GENERAL POSITION RULE
occupies 2 floors (or 3 floors), there
must
be a private staircase in
FUNCTION
L
B
K
D
Ba
their
territory.
107
MINIMUM DIMENSION
2.70
2.10
1.80
2.40
1.50
M
M
M
M
M
POSITION
Z1
Z1
Z3
Z2
Z2
Z3
Z3
24
23
Z5
Z4
Z4
26
Z4
M2
Z6
26
Z5 Z6
M3 M6 M7
DATA OF THE SUGGESTED ROWHOUSE SUPPORT SYSTEM
A.2 Supplementary Data
Z2
Each zone and margin sector is defined
described
The data of the zone
and the sector analysis
as
a
data
2.40
3.30
3.90
4.80
+ Ml
Zi + M2
z1 + M1 + M2
Support System
analysis
DEMISION
zi
Zi
A.2.a Data of the Suggested Rowhouse
with dimensions.
ZONE
set
in
are
FUNCTION
M
m
M
M
BI
BI B2 MB L
B1 B2 MB L
B2 MB L
Ba St
Ba St S D
Z2 + M3
1.50 M
2.70 M
Z3
Z3 + M3
Z3 + M4
Z3 + M3 + M4
2.40
3.30
3.60
4.50
M
M
M
M
K B1
B1 B2 MB L
K KD B1 B2 MB L
B2 MB L
Z4
2.40
3.30
3.60
4.50
M
M
M
M
K B1
BI B2 MB L
K KD BI B2 MB L
B2 MB L
Z4 + Ms
Z4 + M6
Z4 + M5 + M6
this
Z5
Z5
category.
+ M6
Z6
Z6 + M7
Z6 + M8
Z6 + M7 + M8
Ba St
Ba St S D
1.50 M
2.70 M
2.40
3.90
3.30
4.80
M
M
M
M
K B1
K KD B1 B2 MB L
BI B2 MB L
B2 MB L
A.2.b Data of the Suggested Territory
Division
In
each
DATA OF THE SUGGESTED TERRITORY
support
system,
several suggested territory
in
there
are
TERRITORY
divisions
terms of the number of family unit
and the floor area for each unit. Each
FLOOR AREA
BEDROOMS
1A 1B 1C 1D
2A 2B 2C 2D 3D
3A 3B 3C
104 M
127 M
80 M
2 2 1
3
4
1A 1B 1C 1D
2A 2B 2C 2D
3A 3B 3C 3D
104 M
104 M
104 M
2 2 2 -
3
3
3
1A 1B 1C
1D 2B 2C 2D
2A 3A 2B 3C 3D
80 M
104 M
127 M
1
2 - 3
2 - 4
1A
2C
1A
3A
155 M
3 - 6
77 M
104 M
STUDIO
2 - 3
set of data separates the sector group
of
each
area.
It
family unit
and
the
floor
also indicates the possible
number of bedroom and the character of
108
1B 1C 1D
2D
1B
3B 3C 3D
PUBLIC
STAIRS
PRIVATE
STAIRS
151
iSi
2S2
2S1
iSi
151
2S1
1S2
1S2
2S2
151
1i1
1S2
2S1
1S2
151
1S1 2S1
B.3 Data of the Floor Plan
the staircase (public or private).
After the residents decide the
of
B. Dynamic Data System
In this category,
automatically
computer
generated and stored by
making is finished.
only
decision
when each level of
(It is
the user inputs
when
generated
new
data
instead of the suggested one).
B.1 Data
of
the
Rowhouse
the computer stores
the information as documents.
is
the data system
the rowhouse,
Support
System
The format of this data is the same as
A.2.a.
B.2 Data of the Territory Division
The format of this data is the same as
A.2.b.
109
layout
5.2.3 THE
WORK
OF
THE
USER AND THE
MACHINE
computer
If we look on the surface level of the
between the machine
and
in the computer system,
the
relationship
operator
work
of
display
data
the computer
is
images,
graphic
or to
The task of
in the screen.
display.
A.2 Implement Data Syatem
to
either
memory including the graphic
The
show
machine
generates
the
the
can
automatically
dynamic
information
user is either to type on the keybdard
system which is associated with
or digitize on the screen. However, if
data
we probe further into the relationship
level
of machine and users,
and
and
the
criteria on
context which
input
the
the
same
higher
level provides.
we can separate
each operation into different tasks.
A.3 Check Input Data
A. The Machine's Task
The
data
A.1 Retrieve Data
The
computer
information
computer can check if
is
the
appropriate in terms of
input
the
data of criteria on the same level and
can
which
the
retrieve
is stored
in
responsed to the results.
the
110
B.4 Satisfy
B. The Operator's Task
user
the
After
a
desired
and makes the final decision
B.1 Select
solution
The user can choose from the suggested
of
solutions provided by the system.
automatically
the
finds
the
level,
will
computer
implement
the
dynamic
data system of the same level.
B.2 Query
The
user
questions
can
ask
the
and computer will
Because
retrieve
automatically
instruction,
the associated data on the screen.
the
computer
the
computer
not
can
operate without
user's
the relationship between
machine and user can be described
as 3 pairs of one-to-one actions.
B.3 Adjust and Test
The user can input a new set of data
(a new dimension of a zone or a new
boundary
the
of a territory etc.)
computer
to
check
User's Work
Machine's Work
select + query ---
retrieve data
and ask
for
its
satisfy
---
implement data
propriety in terms of the criteria set
system
on the same level.
test + adjust
111
---
check input data
As
I
mentioned above,
levels
of
decision
computer process.
different
However,
making
are
in
user,
4
are
the
and
relation
data
base.
between
the machine and the information
the
same
flowchart
Each level involves
criteria
the
there
can
in
be
each
used
level.
to
their relationship.
the
UPPER LEVEL
DATA SYSTEM
EVE
RETRIEVE
A
TEST
ADJUSTQUERY
CHECK
YES
IMPLEMENT
DATA SYSTEM
The Flowchart between User and Machine
112
LOWER LEVEL
DATA SYSTEM
A
describe
User: query
5.3 OPERATION
Machine: retrieve the data of a suggested
support system
5.3.1 THE LEVEL OF SUPPORT PRINCIPLE
Within
dimension
of
select
A.1 Place Function or Remove Function
Machine: retrieve data of support
and Show the Conflict
principle
The
The users choose from several possible
principles
support
associated
site
suggested
support system, users can do 3 tasks:
A. Select a Proper Support Principle
User:
the
character of the
with the
(commercial or residential).
machine
width
will
display
the
and length of support
the spaces,
it is proper.
The
suggested
for
message
the
draw
lines
defining
SUPPORT SYSTEM
3EL.
A. Accept a Set of Suggested Dimension
113
then ask the computer
if
The machine will send a
if the function is not proper
in the space.
users.
5.3.2 THE LEVEL OF
can
space boundaries and place function in
are
which
users
A.2 What Functions Fit into This Space
A.3 What Locations Accept This Function
The users can draw the space
The
location
user
can ask the
computer
what
and ask machine what function could be
possible place in the support system a
located in this space. The screen will
particular function can fit into.
display
screen
all
the functions
that
are
will display all the
The
possible
locations.
suitable.
KITCHEN LocA-rON6O
'4
15
q
'^
I,)
1.
I
El- - M
za
Ms
Z
4
240oM
240
0
3 M4
JO
B
M5 Z 4 K,.2 5
3FL.
My Z, H8
2FI
IFL.
I F .-
114
MTO ML
Z Ma 43 K4
M5 Z4 M6 2S
M7
6M
B. Change the Dimension of the Support
System
user can change the dimension
The
of
270
support
system and test the
of
support system.
the
could
be
repeated
capacity
The
until
the
process
users
satisfied.
User: adjust + test + satisfy
Machine: check the input data +
implement data
B.1
Input
the
Dimension
of
User: test the capacity of the support
Zone,
system
Margin and Sector
The user inputs new dimensions of each
Machine: check input data with data of
zone,
space,
will
margin
display
and sector.
the
adjusted
The screen
function analysis and position
rule in the prestored data.
support
system.
B.2.a Place Functions, Remove
Functions and Show the Conflict
B.2 Test the Capacity of the Support
Same as A.1 above.
System
115
B.2.b What Functions Fit into This
5.3.3 THE LEVEL OF TERRITORY DIVISION
Space
Same as A.2 above.
In
the level of
territory
division,
user will first decide the number
the
B.3 Satisfaction
of
User: satisfy
support system.
family units (from 1 to 4) in
the
Machine: implement the data of support
A. Select from the Suggested Divisions
system
After
will
testing the capacity,
decide the proper
the system.
dimension
the
of
each
information
sector
in
and
the
store
dynamic
alternatives.
of
will
Each
alternetive contains the data of total
of
area
sector analysis and calculate the area
of
several
computer
the
family unit,
display
Then the computer will be
to generate the information
asked
the user decided the number
After
the user
of each family unit and possible
number of bedrooms.
all
data
After
system.
the user selected
division,
followed.
116
several
a
tasks
territory
could
be
Select from the Suggested Divisions
FLOOR AREA
TERRITORY
.-..........
3:....
AL
A
el
8
BEDROOMS
1A 1B 1C 1D
2A 2B 2C 2D 3D
3A 3B 3C
104 M
127 M"
80 M2
2 -3
2 -4
1
1A 1B 1C ID
2A 2B 2C 2D
3A 3B .C 3D
104 M2
104 Ma
104 M'
2 -3
2 -3
2 -3
1A 1B 1C
ID 2B 2C 2D
2A 3A 2B 3C 3D
80 M
104 M1
127 M
1
2 -3
2 -4
155 M
3 - 6
77 M1
104 M2'
STUDIO
2 - 3
PUBLIC
STAIRS
PRIVATE
iSi
1Si 2S1
2S2
STAIRS
1S1 1S2
1S1 1S2
2S1 2S2
0
3
iSi
iSi
1S2
2S1
"
...........
A
B
1A
2C
1A
3A
C
1B IC ID
2D
1B
3B 3C 3D
1)
117
1S2
iSi
1S1 2S1
User: query
Select One Territory Division
Machine: retrieve
A.1 Place Function, Remove Function
...
.......
:....
....
.... .
A
6
8
A
and Show Conflict
'1>
Same as A.1 at 5.3.2
c
A.2 What Functions Fit into This Space
Same as A.2 at 5.3.2
A.3 What Locations Accept This Function
- - -'-ggjj
-
2FL.
in a Certain Territory
Same as A.3 at 5.3.2
v ..-. . - -.-.
.-..
..
.....-.- -..
.-. ;;.,;-....
A.4 Ask the Character of Stairs
x
.:-x
:-
y:.x
-
N:
-: :
x
:U:*
The user can ask machine which
belong
to
are private.
TERRITORY
1A 18 1C ID
2A 2B 2C 2D 3D
3A 3B 3C
FLOOR AREA
104 M
127 M'
80 M*
BEDROOMS
2 -3
2 -4
1
PUBLIC
STAIRS
PRI VATE
STAIRS
iSi
1Si 2S1
2S2
118
public use and which
stairs
ones
Change the Territory Division
A.5 Ask the Entrance Direction
The user can ask the entrance direcion
of each household.
.
.........
. ...........
........
........
......
... ....................
B. Change the Territory Division
The
can
user
change
the
test
if
and
division
12::
territory
it
-W21
"XXX-'Xe 0!-ea.-OX00e
is
appropriate.
User: adjust + test
'b
Machine: check
user draws the boundary
household,
display
the
and
the
''c
M
ZM
4
B.1 Draw the Boundary
The
140
of
of
