COMMODITIES AT A GLANCE March 2011
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COMMODITIES AT A GLANCE March 2011 INTRODUCTION This “Commodities at a Glance” has been prepared by the Special Unit on Commodities (SUC) of UNCTAD. This quarterly publication aims to collect, present and disseminate accurate and relevant statistical information linked to international primary commodity markets in a clear and concise format. The first edition of “Commodities at a Glance” aims to give an overview of the following issues: (a) Historical and recent trends in primary commodity prices and price indices both in nominal and real terms; (b) The distribution of primary commodity production among the main producing countries for a set of selected primary commodities; and (c) An overview of primary commodity import and export dependence in developing countries. For further information about this publication, please contact the Special Unit on Commodities (SUC), UNCTAD, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, telephone +41 22 917 5676 e-mail: commodities@unctad.org. STATISTICAL DATA SOURCES Statistical data sources for this publication are: (a) UNCTAD, UNCTADstat (for all primary commodity prices, except iron ore, as well as all data involving primary commodity trade statistics and GDP for their computation); (b) IMF, International Financial Statistics (for iron ore prices); (c) UNSD (for the deflator used in all current/constant computations); and (d) For all computations regarding production as well as stock-to-use ratio, the source is indicated below each specific graph. Data on constant prices are available until September 2010 (included) as the United Nations deflator used in these computations is not available after this date. NOTES In this publication, each graph displays both prices or price indices in constant and current terms. Prices and price indices are presented with an orange line when expressed in constant terms and using a green line when in current terms. In this document, the term “primary commodities” refers to the following SITC group: 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 667 + 68 + 971. The “Net Food Importing Countries” group refers to the group as defined by the World Trade Organization (WTO). COPYRIGHT Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but full acknowledgement is requested (UNCTAD, Special Unit on Commodities, Commodities at a Glance). A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat at: Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland or by e-mail to: commodities@unctad.org. FREE SUBSCRIPTION The current publication is intended to be published on a quarterly basis. If you are interested in receiving its updated versions by e-mail on a regular basis, please send an e-mail to: commodities@unctad.org and we would be pleased to send it to you as soon as issued. UNCTAD/SUC/2011/2 1 HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF PRIMARY COMMODITY PRICES AND PRICE INDICES 3 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Indice de l'ensemble en dollars courants Indice de l'ensemble en DTS Indice de l'ensemble en dollars constants Price index – All groups in current and constant US$ terms and SDR terms 01/1960 – 01/2011 (Base 100 = 2000) 01/1960 01/1961 01/1962 01/1963 01/1964 01/1965 01/1966 01/1967 01/1968 01/1969 01/1970 01/1971 01/1972 01/1973 01/1974 01/1975 01/1976 01/1977 01/1978 01/1979 01/1980 01/1981 01/1982 01/1983 01/1984 01/1985 01/1986 01/1987 01/1988 01/1989 01/1990 01/1991 01/1992 01/1993 01/1994 01/1995 01/1996 01/1997 01/1998 01/1999 01/2000 01/2001 01/2002 01/2003 01/2004 01/2005 01/2006 01/2007 01/2008 01/2009 01/2010 01/2011 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 - Sugar prices in US¢ per pound (01/1960 - 01/2011) 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 - 4 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-2010 45 01-2010 50 01-2005 Bananas prices in US¢ per pound (01/1960 - 01/2011) 01-2005 01-2000 200 01-1995 50 01-1990 400 01-1985 100 01-1980 150 01-1975 200 01-1975 250 01-1970 1'600 01-1970 300 01-1965 Maize prices in US$ per ton 01/1986 - 01/2011 01-1965 01-2008 01-2004 01-2000 01-1996 01-1992 01-1988 01-1984 01-1980 01-1976 01-1972 01-1968 01-1964 01-1960 US$ current terms 01-1960 01/2010 01/2005 01/2000 01/1995 01/1990 01/1985 01/1980 01/1975 US$ constant terms 01-1960 07-2010 07-2008 07-2006 07-2004 07-2002 07-2000 07-1998 07-1996 07-1994 01/1970 01/1965 01/1960 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 - 01-1980 01-1975 07-1992 07-1990 07-1988 07-1986 350 01-1970 01-1965 01-1960 Food Price Index (Base 2000 = 100) 01/1960 - 01/2011 Wheat prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 - Rice prices in US$ per ton 01/1960 - 01/2011 1'400 1'200 1'000 800 600 Coffee composite price 1976 in US¢ per pound (01/1960 - 01/2011) Tropical Beverages Price Index Base 2000 = 100 01/1960 - 01/2011 Cocoa beans prices in US¢ per pound (01/1960 - 01/2011) 01-2010 01-2005 01-2011 01-2009 01-2007 01-2008 Vegetable oilseeds and oils Price Index, Base 2000 = 100 01/1960 - 01/2011 01-2005 01-2003 - 01-2001 50 01-1999 50 01-1997 100 01-1993 100 01-2004 150 01-2000 150 01-1996 200 01-1992 200 01-1988 250 01-1984 250 01-1980 300 01-1976 300 01-1972 350 01-1968 350 01-1964 400 01-1995 Tea prices in US¢ per kilo (01/1993 - 01/2011) 400 01-1960 01-2000 01/2010 01/2005 01/2000 01/1995 01/1990 01/1985 01/1980 01/1975 01/1970 01/1965 01/1960 - 01-1995 100 01-1990 200 01-1985 300 01-1980 400 01-1975 500 01-1970 600 01-1965 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 01-1960 800 Soybeans prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) 1'400 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 - 1'200 1'000 800 600 400 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-1975 01-1970 5 01-1965 01-1960 01/2010 01/2005 01/2000 01/1995 01/1990 01/1985 01/1980 01/1975 01/1970 01/1965 01/1960 200 Soybean oil prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) Palm oil prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) 2'000 2'400 1'800 2'100 1'600 1'800 1'400 1'500 1'200 1'200 1'000 900 800 600 600 Rubber prices in US$ per ton (01/1986 - 01/2011) 01-2005 01-2010 01-2010 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1980 01-1975 01-1985 01-2004 01-2001 01-1998 01-1995 01-1992 01/2010 01/2005 01/2000 01/1995 01/1990 01/1985 01/1980 01/1975 - 01-1989 50 01-1986 100 01-1983 150 01-1980 200 01-1977 250 01-1974 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 - 300 01/1970 01-1970 Cotton prices in US¢ per pound (01/1974 - 01/2011) 350 01/1965 01-2007 Agricultural Raw Materials Price Index Base 2000 = 100 01/1960 - 01/2011 01/1960 01-1960 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-1975 01-1970 - 01-1965 01-1960 200 01-1965 400 300 Non-coniferous wood price, in US$ per ton (01/1991 - 01/2011) 180 6'000 5'500 5'000 4'500 4'000 3'500 3'000 2'500 2'000 1'500 1'000 500 - 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 01-2011 01-2009 01-2007 01-2005 01-2003 01-2001 01-1999 01-1997 01-1995 01-1993 6 01-1991 01-2010 01-2008 01-2006 01-2004 01-2002 01-2000 01-1998 01-1996 01-1994 01-1992 01-1990 01-1988 01-1986 - Iron Ore Prices (Brazil) in US¢/DMTU (01/1960 - 12/2010) Minerals, Ores and Metals Price Index Base 2000 = 100 01/1960 - 01/2011 Copper prices in US$ per Ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) Aluminium prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) 01-2005 01-2010 01-2010 01-2002 7 01-1998 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-1975 01-1970 - 01-1994 500 01-1990 1'000 01-1986 1'500 01-1982 2'000 01-1978 2'500 01-1974 3'000 01-1970 55'000 50'000 45'000 40'000 35'000 30'000 25'000 20'000 15'000 10'000 5'000 - 3'500 01-1965 01-2006 Nickel prices in US$ per Ton (01/1970 - 01/2011) Lead prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) 01-1960 01-2000 01-2008 01-2004 01-2000 01-1996 01-1992 01-1988 01-1984 01-1980 01-1976 01-1972 01-1968 01-1964 01-1960 - 01-1995 500 01-1990 1'000 01-1985 1'500 01-1980 2'000 01-1975 2'500 01-1970 3'000 01-1965 3'500 01-1960 11'000 10'000 9'000 8'000 7'000 6'000 5'000 4'000 3'000 2'000 1'000 - 4'000 4'000 01-2010 01/2010 01/2005 01/2000 01/1995 01/1990 01/1985 01/1980 01/1975 01/1970 01/1965 01/1960 - 01-2005 50 01-2000 100 01-1995 150 01-1990 200 01-1985 250 01-1980 300 01-1975 350 01-1970 400 01-1965 450 01-1960 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 - Zinc prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) Tin prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011) 30'000 5'000 4'500 25'000 4'000 3'500 20'000 3'000 2'500 15'000 2'000 10'000 1'500 1'000 5'000 500 - 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-1975 01-1970 01-1965 01-1960 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-1975 01-1970 01-1965 01-1960 0 Silver prices in US¢ per troy ounce (01/1970 - 01/2011) Gold prices in US$ per troy ounce (01/1970 - 01/2011) 5'500 1'500 1'400 1'300 1'200 1'100 1'000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 - 5'000 4'500 4'000 3'500 3'000 2'500 2'000 1'500 1'000 500 Crude petroleum prices in US$ per barrel (01/1960 - 01/2011) 01-2010 01-2006 01-2002 01-1998 01-1994 01-1990 01-1986 01-1982 01-1978 01-1974 01-1970 01-2010 01-2006 01-2002 01-1998 01-1994 01-1990 01-1986 01-1982 01-1978 01-1974 01-1970 - Euro per US dollar exchange rate (01/1999 - 01/2011) 160 1.60 140 1.40 120 1.20 100 1.00 80 0.80 60 0.60 40 0.40 20 0.20 - 01-2011 01-2010 01-2009 01-2008 01-2007 01-2006 01-2005 01-2004 01-2003 01-2002 01-2001 01-2000 8 01-1999 01-2010 01-2005 01-2000 01-1995 01-1990 01-1985 01-1980 01-1975 01-1970 01-1965 01-1960 - 9 Overview of the historical evolution of primary commodity prices, in US$per ton (except when mentioned) PRIMARY COMMODITY PRODUCTION PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRIMARY COMMODITIES Banana production (2007-2009) in million tons 210 35 180 30 150 25 120 20 90 15 10 60 5 30 Others EU 27 China India Source: International Grains Council Maize production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons Rice production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons 160 350 140 World production: 807.6 million tons 120 250 World production: 445.6 million tons 100 200 80 150 60 40 100 20 50 Others China India Others United States China EU 27 Brazil Mexico Source: International Grains Council Indonesia Vietnam - - Source: International Grains Council Cocoa production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons Coffee production (2008/09-2010/11) in million 60kg bags 50 1.4 World production: 3,7 million tons 45 40 1.0 World production: 128,8 million 60kg bags 35 30 0.8 25 0.6 20 0.4 15 10 0.2 5 Source: International Cocoa Organization 11 Source: International Coffee Organization Others Brazil Vietnam Ethiopia Others Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Indonesia Nigeria Cameroon - Indonesia 1.2 United States Others India Philippines China Brazil Ecuador Source: FAO Russian Fed. - - 300 World production: 670.6 million tons Bangladesh 40 240 World production: 92.8 million tons Colombia 45 Wheat production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons AGRICULTURAL PRIMARY COMMODITIES (cont.) Soybeans production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons Tea production (2007-2009) in million tons 100 1.6 1.4 World production: 3,9 Million tons 90 80 1.2 World production: 242,7 Million tons 70 1.0 60 0.8 50 0.6 40 30 0.4 20 0.2 10 9 8 Source: FAO Source: USDA Soybean oil production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons Palm oil production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons Others United States Brazil Argentina China Others China India Kenya Sri Lanka Turkey 10 India - - 30 World production: 38,8 Million tons 27 24 7 21 6 5 18 15 4 12 3 9 2 6 World production: 45,9 Million tons 3 1 Source: USDA Others Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Source: USDA Cotton production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons Rubber production (2007-2009) in million tons 4.0 8 World production: 23,3 Million tons 3.5 6 3.0 5 2.5 4 2.0 3 1.5 2 1.0 1 0.5 World production: 10,4 Million tons Source: International Cotton Advisory Committee Source: FAO 12 Others Thailand Indonesia Malaysia Others China India United States Pakistan Brazil Vietnam - - India 7 Nigeria Others China United States Argentina Brazil EU 27 Colombia - - PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (cont.) PRODUCTION OF MINERALS, ORES AND METALS Iron ore production (2007-2009) in million tons Sugar production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons 80 70 450 World production: 168.9 Million tons 400 350 60 World production: 1'663 Million tons 300 50 250 40 200 30 150 20 100 10 50 Source: International Sugar Organization 6 Others Australia Brazil China Source: UNCTAD, Trust Fund on Iron Ore Information Nickel mine production (2008-2010) in million tons Copper mine production (2008-2010) in million tons 7 India Others Brazil India EU 27 China Thailand Russian Fed. - - 0.5 World production: 15,8 Million tons 0.4 World production: 1,4 Million tons 5 0.3 4 0.2 3 2 0.1 1 Source: International Copper Study Group 1.8 1.6 Others Russian Fed. Indonesia Canada Australia Source: World Bureau of Metal Statistics Zinc mine production (2008-2010) in million tons Lead mine production (2008-2010) in million tons 2.0 New Caledonia Others Chile Peru United States China Australia Philippines - - 6 World production: 3,9 Million tons 5 1.4 World production: 11,8 Million tons 4 1.2 3 1.0 0.8 2 0.6 0.4 1 0.2 Source: International Lead and Zinc Study Group 13 Others China Peru Canada India Others China United States Peru Mexico Bolivia Mexico - - Source: International Lead and Zinc Study Group PRODUCTION OF MINERALS, ORES AND METALS (cont.) Gold mine production (2008-2010) in tons 3'500 3'000 1'000 2'500 800 2'000 600 1'500 400 1'000 200 500 Source: World Bureau of Metal Statistics Others Russian Fed. South Africa Others China United States Australia South Africa Russia - Source: Johnson Matthey Diamonds mine production (2007-2009) in million carats Platinum supply (2008-2010) in thousand ounces 50 5'000 4'000 World production: 7'183 thousand ounces North America 1'200 4'000 World production: 2'405 tons Zimbabwe 1'400 Palladium supply (2008-2010) in thousand ounces World production: 5'992 thousands ounce 40 World production: 151,9 Million carats 30 3'000 20 2'000 10 1'000 Others Russia Fed. Botswana D.R.C Australia South Africa Others South Africa Russian Fed. North America Zimbabwe Canada - * DRC: Democratic Republic of C ongo Source: Johnson Matthey Source: Kimberley Process PRODUCTION OF ENERGY Natural Gas production (2007-2009) in million tons oil equivalent Crude oil production (2007-2009) in million barrels 50 1'400 World production: 2'709 Million tons oil equivalent 1'200 35 30 1'000 25 800 20 600 15 400 10 200 5 14 Source: BP Others United States Russian Fed. Others Saudi Arabia Russian Fed. United States Iran China Source: BP Norway - - Canada 40 1'600 World production: 81,13 Million barrels Iran 45 PRIMARY COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE Primary commodity dependence in developing countries (Change between 2002/03 and 2008/09) Number of developing countries that derive at least 50 per cent of their export values from commodities 2002/03 2008/09 Number of countries in % Number of countries in % All commodities 96 67% 96 67% Non-fuel commodities 62 43% 58 41% Fuel 22 15% 26 18% Ores and Metals 12 8% 14 10% Agricultural Raw Materials 5 3% 1 1% 29 20% 25 17% All food Note: Data computed over a total of 143 developing countries Number of developing countries that derive between 20 and 49.9 per cent of their export values from commodities 2002/03 2008/09 Number of countries in % Number of countries in % All commodities 27 19% 33 23% Non-fuel commodities 39 27% 43 30% Fuel 15 10% 15 10% Ores and Metals 20 14% 19 13% Agricultural Raw Materials 6 4% 6 4% 46 32% 40 28% All food Note: Data computed over a total of 143 developing countries Number of developing countries that derive less than 20 per cent of their export values from commodities 2002/03 2008/09 Number of countries in % Number of countries in % All commodities 20 14% 14 10% Non-fuel commodities 42 29% 42 29% Fuel 106 74% 102 71% Ores and Metals 111 78% 110 77% Agricultural Raw Materials 132 92% 136 95% 68 48% 78 55% All food Note: Data computed over a total of 143 developing countries 16 Comparison of Primary commodity Primary commodity dependence throughout the dependence in developing countries world (breakdown by continent, 2008-2009 average) (2008-2009 average) 100% 90% 90% 80% 80% 70% 70% 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% Primary commodity exports as % of merchandise exports 3 main primary commodity exports as % of merchandise exports Primary commodity exports as % of merchandise exports 3 main primary commodity exports as % of commodity exports Developed economies Developing economies Transition economies LDC s Africa 3 main primary 3 main primary commodities as commodities as % of % of commodity merchandise exports exports America Asia Oceania Main Primary commodity exported by continent and by primary commodity groups (2008-2009 average ) AFRICA Agricultural raw materials All food 2% 9% Ores and metals 14% ASIA Agricultural raw materials 3% Ores and metals 13% All food 15% Fuels 76% AMERICA Fuels 68% OCEANIA Agricultural Raw Material 4% Agricultural raw materials 18% Ores and metals 24% Fuels 26% Fuels 37% All food 15% All food 35% 17 Ores and metals 14% PRIMARY COMMODITY IMPORT DEPENDENCE Fuel import bill of non-fuel exporting LDC and Sub-Saharan countries* compared to their total merchandise exports and their GDP over the 2000s The ratio has improved between the two periods The ratio has deteriorated between the two periods The ratio remained unchanged (change between the two periods ranges between -0.5 percentage point and +0.5 percentage point) Afghanistana Bangladesha Botswanab Burkina Fasoa,b Burundia,b Cambodiaa Central African Republica,b Comorosa,b Djiboutia,b Eritreaa,b Ethiopiaa,b Gambiaa,b Ghanab Guinea-Bissaua,b Haitia Kenyab Kiribatia Lao People's Dem. Rep.a Lesothoa,b Madagascara,b Malawia,b Maldivesa Malia,b Mauritiusb Namibiab Nepala Nigera,b Rwandaa,b Samoaa Seychellesb Sierra Leonea Solomon Islandsa Somaliaa Swazilandb Timor-Lestea Togoa,b Tuvalua Ugandaa,b United Republic of Tanzaniaa,b Vanuatua Zambiaa,b Zimbabweb Fuel imports-To-All merchandise exports ratio 2000-2002 2007-2009 102.6% 110.8% 9.6% 14.6% 5.3% 11.3% 74.6% 44.6% 46.4% 34.4% 19.6% 20.4% 4.7% 20.5% 19.5% 54.8% 8.4% 104.8% 16.5% 115.9% 59.0% 89.9% 184.4% 179.4% 28.2% 26.1% 7.0% 29.1% 12.7% 21.0% 44.3% 53.8% 22.3% 119.7% 20.4% 24.3% 22.0% 0.6% 21.3% 35.3% 21.1% 21.0% 58.5% 227.1% 26.5% 33.1% 13.7% 35.3% 9.0% 8.6% 34.1% 91.2% 21.0% 34.8% 48.6% 28.9% 32.0% 74.4% 21.2% 52.0% 166.6% 88.2% 40.0% 40.5% 2.3% 1.1% 12.4% 11.3% n.a. 536.0% 22.1% 42.9% 8.4% 1064.6% 38.0% 47.3% 30.8% 68.3% 56.2% 75.1% 9.0% 13.0% 22.1% 20.4% Fuel imports-To-GDP ratio n.a. 2000-2002 3.1% 1.1% 2.5% 4.6% 2.6% 7.9% 0.4% 1.4% 0.5% 0.7% 3.2% 2.4% 9.6% 2.0% 1.1% 5.1% 6.2% 3.8% 9.9% 4.1% 3.4% 7.5% 6.1% 4.7% 3.4% 3.7% 2.9% 2.0% 6.5% 5.7% 4.4% 5.8% 0.3% 8.4% n.a. 5.9% 4.0% 2.6% 2.2% 4.8% 2.4% 6.7% 2007-2009 4.2% 2.8% 4.5% 2.9% 4.9% 8.0% 1.4% 1.2% 7.4% 1.0% 5.5% 5.9% 6.3% 8.7% 1.6% 8.2% 17.7% 4.9% 0.4% 5.8% 5.0% 18.4% 7.0% 8.9% 4.4% 6.2% 3.7% 1.5% 9.9% 19.1% 9.2% 11.0% 0.2% 3.2% 9.8% 11.8% 6.2% 5.1% 9.1% 7.2% 4.7% 9.7% Note: (a) Least Developed Country (LDC), (b) Sub-Saharan African Country - All computations are based on trade statistics in value - when change in 2000/02-2007/09 ratio ranged between -0.5 percentage point and +0.5 percentage point, the change has been considered as not significant. 19 n.a. Food import bill of Net-Food Importing Countries (NFIC) compared to their total merchandise exports and their GDP over the 2000s All food imports-to-All merchandise exports ratio Afghanistana Angolaa,b Bangladesha Barbados Benina,b Bhutana Botswanab Burkina Fasoa,b Burundia,b Cambodiaa Cameroonb Cape Verdeb Central African Republica,b Chada,b Comorosa,b Congob Côte d'Ivoireb Cuba Dem. Rep. of the Congoa,b Djiboutia,b Dominican Republic Equatorial Guineaa,b Eritreaa,b Ethiopiaa,b Gabonb Gambiaa,b Ghanab Guineaa,b Guinea-Bissaua,b Haitia Honduras Jamaica Kenyab Kiribatia Lao People's Dem. Rep.a Lesothoa,b Liberiaa,b Madagascara,b Malawia,b Maldivesa Malia,b Mauritaniaa,b Mauritiusb Morocco Mozambiquea,b Myanmara Namibiab Nepala 2000-2002 605.8% 10.9% 24.5% 73.5% 34.2% 28.2% 13.5% 63.4% 60.1% 16.1% 16.6% 801.3% 24.0% 48.4% 81.3% 9.1% 12.7% 58.7% 27.0% 177.4% 18.5% 4.5% 463.9% 40.9% 6.6% 683.8% 26.7% 27.8% 25.0% 129.8% 16.6% 42.9% 29.3% 97.2% 25.7% 46.7% 2.3% 15.4% 23.3% 110.7% 21.0% 29.9% 19.6% 21.6% 40.3% 10.9% 15.2% 34.0% 2007-2009 136.6% 4.7% 25.5% 79.9% 55.5% 15.0% 9.9% 73.9% 26.7% 14.8% 26.1% 698.5% 63.1% 7.8% 392.5% 8.7% 15.4% 54.9% 23.3% 170.7% 27.7% 2.6% 1504.0% 56.0% 6.7% 325.3% 29.2% 22.9% 61.6% 181.0% 23.1% 47.0% 25.4% 227.1% 13.8% 12.3% 5.3% 26.6% 23.1% 190.7% 23.5% 30.9% 35.2% 25.7% 24.9% 6.8% 13.9% 48.6% 20 All food imports-to-GDP ratio 2000-2002 18.4% 8.4% 2.9% 7.2% 5.4% 6.2% 6.3% 3.9% 3.4% 6.5% 3.0% 14.2% 1.8% 5.3% 6.0% 5.8% 4.7% 2.9% 4.8% 10.4% 4.2% 4.5% 19.0% 2.2% 3.4% 8.8% 9.1% 4.8% 7.3% 11.3% 7.7% 5.6% 3.4% 26.9% 4.8% 21.0% 0.9% 3.0% 3.8% 14.3% 4.8% 9.2% 6.7% 4.2% 6.0% 3.1% 5.7% 3.7% 2007-2009 5.2% 7.9% 4.9% 8.2% 9.5% 6.5% 3.9% 4.7% 3.8% 5.8% 4.7% 12.5% 4.4% 3.8% 8.9% 8.0% 6.5% 3.3% 7.1% 12.1% 4.2% 2.1% 13.2% 3.4% 3.5% 10.7% 7.0% 5.9% 18.4% 13.9% 9.1% 6.9% 3.9% 33.6% 2.8% 8.1% 1.3% 4.3% 5.5% 15.4% 5.0% 14.3% 8.9% 5.0% 6.4% 1.9% 7.2% 3.3% Food import bill of Net-Food Importing Countries (NFIC) compared to their total merchandise exports and their GDP over the 2000s (cont.) All food imports-to-All merchandise exports ratio Nigera,b Nigeriab Pakistan Peru Rwandaa,b Saint Helenab Saint Lucia Samoaa Sao Tome and Principea,b Senegala,b Seychellesb Sierra Leonea,b Solomon Islandsa Somaliaa,b Sri Lanka Sudana,b Swazilandb Togoa,b Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Ugandaa,b United Republic of Tanzaniaa,b Vanuatua Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Yemena Zambiaa,b Zimbabweb 2000-2002 61.4% 8.9% 14.4% 13.3% 71.3% 60.7% 154.2% 64.0% 314.0% 62.4% 42.4% 142.0% 34.3% 80.2% 16.9% 20.8% 20.2% 27.7% 7.1% 12.8% 30.9% 31.4% 86.5% 6.5% 24.3% 11.1% 7.7% 2007-2009 57.7% 7.2% 20.6% 7.4% 68.9% 29.6% 87.1% 96.9% 356.3% 70.7% 53.0% 51.0% 38.1% 131.6% 19.9% 17.4% 20.7% 29.4% 5.1% 12.3% 34.3% 23.1% 90.7% 10.4% 36.2% 5.3% 27.2% All food imports-to-GDP ratio 2000-2002 8.4% 3.3% 1.8% 1.7% 2.9% n.a. 11.0% 12.9% 13.4% 9.1% 11.5% 3.8% 5.0% 10.2% 5.0% 2.4% 13.6% 7.4% 3.6% 4.1% 2.1% 2.3% 7.5% 1.6% 7.9% 3.0% 2.3% 2007-2009 6.2% 2.5% 2.1% 1.7% 3.5% n.a. 12.6% 12.9% 18.8% 10.9% 19.5% 5.3% 10.4% 20.9% 4.0% 2.4% 5.9% 8.0% 3.2% 5.3% 3.7% 3.1% 8.7% 2.3% 8.6% 1.9% 12.9% Note: - Food is defined by SITC codes: 0 + 1 + 22 + 4 - Data for Timor Leste, Tuvalu are not available. - NFIC list is based on the one defined by WTO - All computations are based on trade statistics in value - when change in 2000/02-2007/09 ratio ranged between -0.5 percentage point and +0.5 percentage point, the change has been considered as not significant. (a) Least Developed Country (LDC) (b) Sub-Saharan African Country 21 45% Deterioration 40% 76% have seen their situation deteriorated between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009 35% 30% 25% Improvement 20% 15% 5% 20.1% to 50% 0.5% to 20% Depreciation exceeding 50% - 20.1% to - 50% 0% No significant change in the ratio 10% Improvement exceeding 50% 21% have seen their situation improved between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009 - 0.5% to - 20% Percentage of countries within the group (of 33 LDCs) Change in the situation of Non-Fuel Exporting LDCs regarding their fuel imports-to-all merchandise export ratio (Change in percentage point between 2000/2002 and 2007/2009 average)* * All computations are based on trade statistics in value 35% Deterioration 30% 76% have seen their situation deteriorated between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009 25% 20% 15% * All computations are based on trade statistics in value 22 2.1% to 5% 0.5% to 2% Depreciation exceeding 5% - 2.1% to - 5% 0% No significant change in 5% 6% have seen their situation improved between 20002002 and 2007-2009 Improvement exceeding 5% Improvement 10% - 0.5% to - 2% Percentage of countries within the group (of 33 LDC countries) Change in the situation of Non-Fuel Exporting LDCs regarding their fuel imports-to-GDP ratio (Change in percentage point between 2000/2002 and 2007/2009 average)* Deterioration 40% 53% have seen their situation deteriorated between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009 35% 30% Improvement 41% have seen their situation improved between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009 25% 20% 15% 10% No significant change in the ratio 21% to 50% 0.5% to 20% Depreciation exceeding 50% - 20.1% to 50% 0% Improvement exceeding 50% 5% - 0.5% to 20% Percentage of countries within the group (of 74 NFICs) Change in the situation of Net-Food Importing Countries regarding their food imports-to–all merchandise exports ratio (Change in percentage point between 2000/2002 and 2007/2009 average)* * All computations are based on trade statistics in value 45% Deterioration 40% 57% have seen their situation deteriorated between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009 35% 30% 25% 20% 5% * All computations are based on trade statistics in value 23 2.1% to 5% 0.5% to 2% Depreciation exceeding 5% - 2.1% to 5% 0% No significant change in the ratio 10% 22% have seen their situation improved between 20002002 and 20072009 Improvement exceeding 5% Improvement 15% - 0.5% to 2% Percentage of countries within the group (of 74 NFICs) Change in the situation of Net-Food Importing Countries regarding their food imports-to–GDP ratio (Change in percentage point between 2000/2002 and 2007/2009 average)* PRIMARY COMMODITY STOCKS World Stock-to-use ratio for selected primary commodities 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Year 1 Year 2 Zinc Lead Nickel Copper Soybean oil Soybeans Coffee(b) Coffee(a) Cocoa Rice Maize Wheat 0% Cotton 10% Palm oil Percentage of consumption covered by stocks 100% Year 3 Source: Data sources are the same as for graphs related to production Note: Colors on this graph are attributed to « years » which are different from one primary commodity to another, as the reference period (calendar year / crop year) is different from one to another and given that the last available data are also different. For further information, please see below: Year 1 Means Means Means Means 2008/09 2007 for 2007 for 2007/08 for wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, soybean oil, palm oil and cocoa. copper, nickel, lead and zinc coffee in importing countries (a) for coffee in exporting countries (b) Year 2 Means Means Means Means 2009/10 2008 for 2008 for 2008/09 for wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, soybean oil, palm oil and cocoa. copper, nickel, lead and zinc coffee in importing countries (a) for coffee in exporting countries (b) Year 3 Means Means Means Means 2010/11 2009 for 2009 for 2009/10 for wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, soybean oil, palm oil and cocoa. copper, nickel, lead and zinc coffee in importing countries (a) for coffee in exporting countries (b) (a) Stocks and consumption in importing countries (situation at the end of each year) (b) Stocks and consumption in exporting countries (situation for each crop season) 25
