Chicago Style
NOTE: If your instructor asks you to cite differently from the guidelines
here, always follow his/her instructions.
The Chicago Manual of Style uses footnotes or endnotes supplemented by a bibliography to document sources. Each
quotation or cited fact gets a number that corresponds to a footnote or endnote.
When citing a source for the first time, use the full footnote; subsequent citations need only include the author’s last
name, title of the work and page number if available. When citing the same source consecutively, the abbreviation
ibid.—Latin for “in the same place”—can be used after the full footnote. For example:
1. Retha Warnicke, "Anne Boleyn, Queen of England," History Review, March 2002, 99, Academic Search
Premier.
2. Ibid., 245-49.
3. Ibid.
Certain resources, such as emails, do not have to be included in the bibliography, although they must be footnoted.
Books and journal articles must always have both. When citing electronic documents include the DOI (Digital Object
Identifier) or stable URL if available; if neither is available, list the name of the database in which it was found.
Print Resources
Book
Bibliography
Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Knopf, 1992.
Full footnote:
1. Antonia Fraser, The Wives of Henry VIII (New York: Knopf, 1992), [Page #].
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. Fraser, The Wives of Henry, [Page #].
Encyclopedia article
Bibliography
"Anne Boleyn." In The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 427-28. 15th ed. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2005.
Full footnote:
1. "Anne Boleyn," in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed. (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2005), [Page #].
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. "Anne Boleyn," in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, [Page #].
Electronic Resources
eBook
Bibliography
Fisher, Burton D. Donizetti's Anna Bolena. Opera Journeys Mini Guide Series. Palo Alto, CA: ebrary, 2011. First published
2011 by Opera Journeys. Digital file.
Full footnote:
1. Burton D. Fisher, Donizetti's Anna Bolena, Opera Journeys Mini Guide Series (Boca Raton, FL: Opera Journeys, 2011;
Palo Alto, CA: ebrary, 2011), [Page #], digital file.
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. Fisher, Donizetti's Anna Bolena, [Page #].
Journal article from a database
Bibliography
Greene, Richard Leighton. "A Carol of Anne Boleyn by Wyatt." The Review of English Studies, n.s., 25, no. 100 (November
1974): 437-39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/514796.
Full footnote:
1. Richard Leighton Greene, "A Carol of Anne Boleyn by Wyatt," The Review of English Studies, n.s., 25, no. 100
(November 1974): [Page #], http://www.jstor.org/stable/514796.
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. Greene, "A Carol of Anne," [Page #].
Magazine article from a database
Bibliography
Warnicke, Retha. "Anne Boleyn, Queen of England." History Review, March 2002, 15-20. Academic Search Premier.
Full footnote:
1. Retha Warnicke, "Anne Boleyn, Queen of England," History Review, March 2002, [Page #], Academic Search
Premier.
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. Warnicke, "Anne Boleyn, Queen of England," [Page #].
Reference article from a database
Bibliography
Ives, Eric W. "Boleyn, Anne C. 1501-1536." In Reader's Guide to British History, edited by David Loades. N.p.: Routledge,
2003. Credo Reference.
Full footnote:
1. Reader's Guide to British History, ed. David Loades (n.p.: Routledge, 2003), s.v. "Boleyn, Anne c. 1501-1536," by Eric
W. Ives, Credo Reference.
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. Reader's Guide to British, s.v. "Boleyn, Anne c. 1501-1536."
Website
Bibliography
Eakins, Lara E. "Anne Boleyn." Tudor History. http://tudorhistory.org/boleyn/.
Full footnote:
1. Lara E. Eakins, "Anne Boleyn," Tudor History, http://tudorhistory.org/boleyn/.
Shortened footnote (for subsequent citations):
2. Eakins, "Anne Boleyn," Tudor History.