Workshop on ‘Environmental Science Research Field Study’
Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh
and The United Nations University
25 July 2009
Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
LESTARI-UKM:
Collaborative Research on Climate
Change
25 July 2009
Tan Ching Tiong
Research Officer, Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI)
PhD Candidate, Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Presentation Outline
1. Climate Change Responses in Malaysia
2. Climate Change Activities in UKM and
LESTARI
3. Policy Study on Climate Change:
Stakeholder Consultation Approach
4. Potential Collaboration for Regional
Research
2
Climate Change Responses in
Malaysia
3
Climate Scenarios: Malaysia
(National Level)
Past records:
•
•
Temperature records 1951-1996: warming trend +0.18 0C
per decade
Rise in sea level over 1986-2006: < +1.3 mm/year (based
on 2 pilot sites in Peninsular Malaysia)
Possible climatic change in
Peninsular Malaysia by 2041-2050:
• Temperature rise 20C
• More extreme hydrological conditions
 Higher maximum rainfall; Lower minimum rainfall.
 Higher high riverflow; Lower low riverflow.
Source: NAHRIM (2006)
4
Climate Scenarios: Malaysia
(State Level)
Climate
Factor
Projected Change * in Maximum Monthly
Value
North
West
Region
North
East
Region
Central
Region
Southern
Region
Rainfall
+ 6.2 %
+ 32.8 %
+ 8.0 %
+ 2.9 %
Temperature
+1.80 0C
+1.88 0C
+1.38 0C
+1.74 0C
Projected change* in monthly river flows:
•
Mean flow
•
Maximum flows and minimum flows


Source: NAHRIM (2006)
no significant change except
increases in Kelantan and Pahang
Magnified hydrologic extremes in
Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang
(higher high flow, lower low flow)
* Difference = Average 2025-2034 & 2041-2050 minus Average 1984-1993
5
Need for Policy Response on CC
•
•
Physical manifestation of climate change and
extreme weather
International socio-political obligations
•
Climate change – cross-sectoral in nature,
involves more than environmental issues, also
affects economic growth and human well-being
•
Climate change – transcends all levels,
sectors, stakeholders and major groups
Climate change measures need to be
mainstreamed into development plans
•
66
Malaysia’s CC Responses
•
Ratified UNFCCC on 13 July 1994
•
National Steering Committee on Climate Change was
established in 1994
 To guide national responses on climate change
•
UNFCCC commitment
 Submitted Initial National Communication (INC) in 2000
 Second National Communication (NC2) 2006-09
•
Current Policy Scenario
 Cabinet Committee on Climate Change in January 2008
(chaired by Prime Minister)
•
Formulation of a National Policy on Climate Change
7
Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK9)
– Highlight of Climate Change Programmes
ADAPTATION
•
•
•
•
•
Conduct Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) study;
Implement coastline protection programme;
Develop Integrated Coastal Zone Management;
Implement flood mitigation programme such as the Stormwater Management And Road
Tunnel (SMART) Project;
Undertake study to identify the relationship between the impacts of climate change and
vector-borne diseases.
MITIGATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Increase supply and utilisation of alternative fuel such as renewable energy (RE);
By 2010 about 300 MW of RE is expected to be generated and connected to the TNB Grid
in Peninsular Malaysia and 50 MW to SESB Grid in Sabah;
RE projects utilising municipal waste will be promoted;
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol will be utilised to
provide support for the implementation of Small Renewable Energy Programme (SREP);
Supply to 55,000 unit of houses electricity generated from technologies such as hybrid
solar system and micro-hidro;
Encourage energy efficiency in industrial, building and transport sectors;
Protect forest areas via sustainable forest management to ensure the forest areas are
8
maintained as sink to greenhouse gas, i.e. Carbon dioxide.
Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment
– Climate Change Related Activities
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) /
Global Environment Facility (GEF):
•
National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) Project
•
Second National Communication (NC2) Project
•
GEF – Resource Allocation Framework 4 (GEF-RAF4)
Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK9)
•
Policy Study on Climate Change (LESTARI-UKM)
•
Preparation of GHG Inventory – Energy & Industrial Processes
(PTM)
•
Comparative Study on Carbon Sequestration (FRIM)
•
Development of CDM Secretariat (PTM, FRIM, MARDI)
•
Public Awareness and Training Programmes (TrREES, MNS,
CETDEM, UPM)
9
Climate Change Activities in
UKM and LESTARI
10
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM
(National University of Malaysia)
Since 18 May 1970
F. Law
F. Allied Health Science
F. Engineering
F. Information Science &
Technology
F. Education
F. Economics & Business
F. Dentistry
Chief Librarian
F. Medicine
F. Science & Technology
F. Pharmacy
Deputy VC (Academic &
International Affairs)
F. Social Sciences
& Humanities
ATMA
LESTARI
Deputy VC (Research & Innovation
Affairs)
IKMAS
VC
F. Islamic Studies
Deputy VC (Students’ &
Alumni Affairs)
IMEN
Bursar
Deputy VC (Industry &
Community Relations)
UMBI
IKON
ANGKASA
Registrar
Centre for
Graduate
Management
IGH (UNU)
INBIOSIS
SERI
ISLAM HADHARI
Centre for General
Studies
FUEL CELL
Centre for Academic
Advancement
INST. OF ETHNIC
STUDIES
Centre for Co-curricular
INST. WEST ASEAN
REGION STUDIES
SEADPRI
•Faculty : 12
•Research Institutes : 15
•Centre : 7 (4 Academic
Centres)
11
UKM: Research Niche
•
UKM – one of four research
universities based on performance.
•
Research institutes are established to
support multidisciplinary research and
niche areas.
•
Niche areas:






National Identity, Multiculturalism and Globalization
Regional Sustainable Development
Renewable energy
Medical and Health Technology
Climate Change
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
12
Climate Change Research Niche
Objectives:
• To steer the development of climate
change knowledge for sustainability.
• To enhance capacity of academicians
and researchers in climate change
research.
• To understand the adaptive capacity of
ecosystems and enhance human
resilience to climate change.
• To compliment national and global
climate change initiatives by
strengthening research collaborations
13
Climate Change Research Niche
Research Thrusts & Areas
Policy Responses and Adaptation
• Planning and vulnerability
assessment for climatic hazards
• Socio-economic impacts of health
and climate change
• Balancing of adaptation and
mitigation
Tropical Climate Change
• Atmosphere, sea & climate
• Ecosystems
• Impacts and adaptation
Livability and climate change for ethical living
• Livability (local mitigation for ethical living)
• Cleaner technology
• Socio-cultural and ethical living
14
UKM: R&D on Climate Change
Technology Responses
• Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
• Fuel-Cell Institute
• Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Allied Health Science
Climate
Change
Adaptation &
Mitigation
•
•
•
•
Local Physical & Biological Responses
• Faculty of Science & Technology (FST)
• IKLIM/FST
• SEADPRI/LESTARI
• LESTARI
• Faculty of Economy & Business
Behavioural & Public Health Responses
Policy & Planning Responses
(including economic instruments)
15
Climate Change – National Initiatives & UKM’s R&D
NATIONAL LEVEL (2nd National Communication)
GHG Inventory (FRIM)
•
•
•
•
Mitigation (PTM)
Energy & Industrial Processes (PTM)
Agriculture (MARDI)
LULUCF (FRIM)
Waste (DOE/KPKT)
Vulnerability & Adaptation (NAHRIM)
•
•
•
•
Agriculture (MARDI)
Forestry (JPSM)
Biodiversity (FRIM)
Energy (PTM)
Financing
Mitigation
aaa
•
•
•
Water Resources
(NAHRIM)
Coastal & Marine (DID)
Public Health (IMR)
•
•
Climate Projection
(NAHRIM)
Socio-economic Impacts
& Responses (LESTARI)
Technology
Adaptation
UKM LEVEL (Ongoing R&D)
Policy & Planning Responses
(incl. economic instruments)
• LESTARI
• Faculty of Economy &
Business
Local Physical &
Biological Responses
• Faculty of Science &
Technology (FST)
• IKLIM/FST
• SEADPRI/LESTARI
Technology Responses
• Solar Energy Research
Institute (SERI)
• Fuel-Cell Institute
• Faculty of Engineering
Behavioural Responses
• Faculty of Social Sciences &
Humanities
• Faculty of Education
• Faculty of Medicine
• Faculty of Allied Health Science16
About LESTARI
•
•
•
The Institute for Environment & Development
(LESTARI)
Established on 1 October 1994
Vision:

•
LESTARI aims at being a centre of excellence in research and
training on matters pertaining to environment and
development in Malaysia and the Asia Pacific
Mission:



As a focal point, conducting multi-disciplinary and integrated
research in balancing trade-offs between environment and
development.
As a primary mover in influencing policy, build capacity to
meet the aspirations of sustainable development.
As a reference point, addressing issues pertaining to
sustainability in development
17
LESTARI – Research Programmes
Integrated and Holistic
Approach
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Sustainability
Science
Environmental
Sustainability and
Natural Resources
Geological Ecosystem
Studies
Heritage
of Malaysia
Cross Sectoral
Sectoral
Core Groups
Sustainability
Governance
Social and Community
Well-Being
MMERI Sustainability Urban Ecosystems Community
Well-being
Assessment
Sustainability
Economic and Industrial
Sustainability
MyNICHE MyCLIMATE Environmental Environmental
Hazards
Economics
NatROCK
18
Malaysian Network for Research on
Climate, Environment & Development
(MyCLIMATE)
Objectives:
•
•
•
Consolidate R&D partnerships within UKM
Strengthen linkages with government agencies, private sector,
NGOs/CBOs and selected universities
Complement national agencies and conduct R&D that is policy relevant
Current research activities:
•
Policy Study on Climate Change [National]
•
Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts and Responses, Vulnerability
& Adaptation Working Group of the Second National Communication
Project [National]
•
APN-CAPaBLE Programme: Strengthening Capacity for Policy
Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in
Agriculture and Water Sectors [Regional/National]
19
Policy Study on Climate Change: Approach & Outputs
INPUTS
CRITICAL REVIEW
• Post-2012 Responses
• Elements of the UNFCCC / KP
• OPP3 / RMK9 / Relevant National
Policies / M-INC
• State Policies & Planning Processes
• Specialised Studies
COMPARATIVE STUDY
• Selected NCs
• Selected National Policies /
Strategies from Other Countries
STAKEHOLDER VIEWPOINTS
• Surveys/Interviews
• National/Regional/Other Meetings
• RMK9 CC Projects
• NC2
• NCSA
OUTPUTS
NATIONAL POSITION
AT UNFCCC / KP
NATIONAL POLICY –
STRATEGIES &
ACTIONS
STATE POLICY &
ACTION PLANS
20
NC2
GHG
Inventory
Vulnerability
& Adaptation
Climate
Projection
Mitigation
7 Sectoral
Groups
Socio-Economic
Impacts &
Responses
Support Group
(SEIR-SG)
SEIR-SG
(LESTARI-UKM)
Agriculture
(MARDI &
LESTARI, UKM)
Biodiversity
(FRIM)
Forestry
(JPSM)
Water
Resources
(NAHRIM &
UPM)
Public Health
(IMR, IHM &
FSSK, UKM)
Energy
(PTM &
FEP, UKM)
Marine &
Coastal
Resources
(JPS &
LESTARI, UKM,
UPM)
21
CAPaBLE Programme on CC
Impacts, Adaptation & Vulnerability
• Strengthening capacity for policy research on
mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in agriculture
and water sectors
– 3 years; 2009-2012
• Project aims:
– strengthen research capacity on mainstreaming climate change adaptation
concerns into agricultural and water policies.
– create a consortium for adaptation policy research in Asia
• Collaborating institutions:
–
–
–
–
Malaysia: UKM-LESTARI/SEADPRI (Proponent)
Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Collaborator/Mentor)
Vietnam: Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology & Environment (Collaborator)
India: MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (Collaborator)
22
Development of National Policy on
Climate Change in Malaysia:
The Approach of Stakeholder
Consultation
23
BACKGROUND
• Policy Study on Climate Change (20072008), Ninth Malaysia Plan
• To develop a national policy and
strategies on climate change in
fostering sustainable development in
Malaysia to meet the needs of the
country and respond to the UNFCCC
24
24
Research Team
• Conservation and Environmental Management
Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment
–
–
–
–
–
Dr. Lian Kok Fei (Undersecretary)
Chong Poon Chai (Deputy Undersecretary)
Shahril Faizal Abdul Jani (Principal Assistant Secretary)
Maximilian T. Conrad (Assistant Secretary)
Siti Khadijah Abdul Ghani (Assistant Secretary)
• Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
– Project Leader – Prof. Dr. Joy Jacqueline Pereira
– Researchers – Prof. Dr. Mazlin Mokhtar; Prof. Dato’ Dr. Ibrahim Komoo;
Raja Datuk Zaharaton Raja Zainal Abidin; Datin Paduka Dr. Halimaton
Saadiah Hashim; Dato’ Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail; Prof. Chamhuri
Siwar; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Hamid Jaafar; Dr. Er Ah Choy; Sarah Aziz
Abdul Ghani Aziz
– Manager – Tan Ching Tiong
– Research Assistants – Koh Fui Pin; Nur Azrina Azhar; Zaiwana Ngojar,
Mohd. Khairul Zain Ismail
25
Approach & Outputs
INPUTS
CRITICAL REVIEW
• Post-2012 Responses
• Elements of the UNFCCC / KP
• OPP3 / RMK9 / Relevant National
Policies / M-INC
• State Policies & Planning Processes
• Specialised Studies
COMPARATIVE STUDY
• Selected NCs
• Selected National Policies / Strategies
from Other Countries
STAKEHOLDER VIEWPOINTS
• Surveys/Interviews
• National/Regional/Other Meetings
• RMK9 CC Projects
• NC-2
• NCSA
OUTPUTS
NATIONAL
POSITION AT
UNFCCC / KP
NATIONAL POLICY –
STRATEGIES &
ACTIONS
STATE POLICY &
ACTION PLANS
26
Approach of Consultation
• Phase 1 (2005-2008) – to understand &
document viewpoints:
–
identified key issues of concern and compiled ideas and
recommendations expressed by stakeholders in different past
meetings
• Phase 2 (2007-2008) – to inform on policy
formulation & solicit inputs:
–
presented the approach of policy formulation and preliminary results
• Phase 3 (2008) – to review policy framework &
solicit viewpoints
–
presented the proposed policy framework to obtain direct feedback
and solicited inputs in formulating key actions
• Phase 4 (2008) – to review draft policy & key
actions
–
scrutinised and refined the draft policy
27
Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 1)
Approach
Indirect (reviews of conference proceedings)
No. of event
11
Types of event



Project specific preparatory/inception & consultative meetings.
Capacity building initiatives.
Awareness raising, and sharing of information and experience.
Level & number National and state (~1150)
of stakeholders
Outcomes






Acknowledged usefulness of national reporting to the UNFCCC
in formulating future climate change policy.
Recognised shortcomings in existing institutional arrangement
and policies.
Gathered proposals for ensuring proper mechanism for
implementation of international conventions and national
policies.
Identified need for climate change policy to harmonise and
provide guidance to existing policies, to mainstream climate
change into national policies, programme and plans.
Pointed out gaps and constraints and provided
recommendations.
Developed overall policy framework.
28
Climate
Change
OVERALL
FRAMEWORK
SOURCE: LESTARI 2008
Adaptation
Development
Resilience
Development
Vulnerability
Resources
Economy
Land
Agriculture
Water
Industry
Forestry
Biotechnology
Biodiversity
Mineral
Climate Resilient
Development
Mitigation
Social
Food Security
Water Sufficiency
Irrigation
Livelihood
Safety & Security
Social Welfare
Climate Proof
Development
Economic
Vulnerability
Industry
Economic
Resilience
Finance
Trade
Emission Reduction / Sink Enhancement
Carbon Offset Schemes
Climate Friendly Technology
Financing & Investment
Insurance Schemes
Low Carbon
Economy
Climate Resilient
Economy
29
Outputs – Stakeholder Consultation Reports
MOSTI (21-22 Jun 07)
NRE/UNDP (4-5 Sep
07)
LESTARI/ EAROPHP
(5-7 Nov 07)
NRE/UNDP (11 Sep 07)
LESTARI/NRE/UNDP
/ISIS (25 Feb 08)
NRE/British HC
(29-30 Oct 07)
MOSTI/MMD/ASM/UM
/UKM (14-15 Oct 08)
30
Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 2)
Approach
Direct (presentation of study approach and
preliminary outcomes)
Number of event
7
Types of event


Project specific initiation & consultative
meetings.
Awareness raising, & sharing of information &
experience.
Level & number of
stakeholders
National and state (~400).
Outcomes


Conducted an awareness survey in business
sector with support from a manufacturers group
Indicated support to a national policy on climate
change
31
31
Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 3)
Approach
Direct (through workshop and official
submission by agencies); Survey; Interview
Number of event
7
Types of event
 Peer review and consultation.
 Policy & senior level briefing & consultation.
Level & number
of stakeholders
National (~130).
Outcomes
 Formulated and improved key actions.
 Obtained support and policy guidance from
the high level officials in NRE.
 Deliberated structure, compositions and
functions of sub-committees that will support
the new Cabinet Committee on CC.
32
32
Draft National Policy on Climate Change
(version 23 Dec. 2008)
Contents:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preamble
Policy Statement
Rationale
Objectives (3)
Principles (5)
Strategic Thrusts (10)
Key Actions (44)
Glossary
33
33
Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 4)
Approach
Direct (workshop and official submission)
Number of event 1
Types of event
Consultation.
Level & number
of stakeholders
Outcomes
National and state (~100).
 Obtained agreement from national
and state stakeholders on the draft
policy.
 Revised and submitted draft policy to
NRE.
34
34
Next Steps – More Consultation
• Table the draft policy to the Cabinet
Committee on CC for consideration.
• Determine key implementers and other
partner agencies
• Suggest timeline for key actions
• Assign appropriate performance indicators
• Establish a dedicated Climate Change Unit
to oversee and coordinate implementation.
35
35
Key Principles / Findings
•
Stakeholder viewpoints as crucial inputs to drafting and
refining the recommendations on the policy.
•
Stakeholders be consulted as widely and deeply as
possible.
•
Potential historical sources of information be traced and
reviewed for pertinent inputs.
•
The intention of the policy formulation be communicated
and informed to stakeholders at early stage and during
different forums.
•
The outcomes of direct consultations be always circulated
or reported to stakeholders, either for review and
verification or informing how feedbacks had been
considered where appropriate and feasible.
36
36
Potential Collaboration for Regional
Research
37
Strengthening Capacity for Policy
Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation
to CC in Agriculture and Water Sectors
APN Project
Planning Meeting
+
Malaysia: LESTARI-UKM
Japan: IGES
Vietnam: IMHEN
India: MSSRF
Asian University Network
of Environment & Disaster
Management (AUEDM)
Japan: Kyoto Uni. / IGES
Malaysia: SEADPRI-UKM
Philippines: Uni. of Las Banos
Indonesia: ITB
10-11 Aug 2009, Kuala Lumpur
1. UKM-APN Inception Workshop
2. APN Project Planning Meeting
3. AUEDM Discussion
Including ADB
Cambodia??
38
Feasibility Study of Networking of Geoscience
& Petroleum Institutes & Organisations in the
CCOP Member Countries
• Joint study:
–
–
Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and
Southeast Asia (CCOP)
Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI-UKM)
• Establish a platform for sharing of resources, facilities, funds for joint
research and experiences between CCOP Member Countries
–
–
Phase 1 (2009): petroleum geoscience
Phase 2 (2009-10): geoscience (geohazards, environmental geology,
mineral and groundwater resources, etc)
• Main targets: universities and research institutes with curriculum or
interest in petroleum geoscience
• Status:
–
–
Preliminary web survey results: none in Cambodia
Questionnaire: survey to assess potential networking (ongoing)
39
THANK YOU
Tan Ching Tiong
Research Officer / PhD Candidate
Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI) /
Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel: +603-89214230
Fax: +603-89255104
Email: tctiong@gmail.com
40