Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix E: Existing Vegetation References and Codes
APPENDIX E: EXISTING VEGETATION
REFERENCES AND CODES
February 2014
Existing Vegetation References
Code
SAF
SRM
Name
Forest Cover Types of the United States and Canada.
Society for Range Management
Author
F.H. Eyre, Editor. Society of
American Foresters (1980)
Existing SAF Vegetation Codes
Ref.
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
SAF
Code
000
206
209
210
211
216
217
219
220
235
237
239
240
241
242
Description
Non Forest Types
Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir
Bristlecone pine
Interior Douglas-fir
White fir
Blue spruce
Aspen - Western forests - Middle elevation - Interior
Limber pine
Rocky Mountain juniper
Cottonwood - willow
Interior ponderosa pine
Pinyon – juniper
Arizona cypress
Western live oak
Mesquite
Existing SRM Vegetation Codes
Ref.
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
Code
001
002
004
005
007
000
109
110
201
203
207
Description
Urban
Agriculture
Forest Land
Water
Barren Land
Non-vegetated
Ponderosa pine – shrubland
Ponderosa pine – grassland
Blue oak woodland
Riparian woodland
Scrub oak mixed chaparral
E-1
Appendix E: Existing Vegetation References and Codes
Existing SRM Vegetation Codes (cont.)
Ref.
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
Code
208
209
210
211
212
213
215
216
217
301
303
310
313
317
320
322
401
402
403
405
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
601
604
605
Region 3 Field Guide
Description
Ceanothus mixed chaparral
Montane shrubland
Bitterbrush
Creosote bush scrub
Blackbush
Alpine grassland
Valley grassland
Montane meadows
Wetlands
Bluebunch wheatgrass - blue grama
Bluebunch wheatgrass - western wheatgrass
Needle-and-thread - blue grama
Tufted hairgrass – sedge
Bitterbrush - bluebunch wheatgrass
Black sagebrush - bluebunch wheatgrass
Curlleaf mountain-mahogany - bluebunch wheatgrass
Basin big sagebrush
Mountain big sagebrush
Wyoming big sagebrush
Black sagebrush
Other sagebrush types
Tall forb
Alpine rangeland
Aspen woodland
Juniper - pinyon woodland
Gambel oak
Salt desert shrub
Curlleaf mountain-mahogany
True mountain-mahogany
Littleleaf mountain-mahogany
Bigtooth maple
Bittercherry
Snowbush
Chokecherry - serviceberry – rose
Riparian
Saltbush – greasewood
Grama – galleta
Arizona chapparal
Juniper - pinyon pine woodland
Grama - tobosa shrub
Creosotebush - bursage
Palo Verde - cactus
Creosotebush - tarbush
Oak - juniper woodland and mahogany-oak
Bluestem prairie
Bluestem - grama prairie
Sandsage prairie
E-2
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix E: Existing Vegetation References and Codes
Existing SRM Vegetation Codes (cont.)
Ref.
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
SRM
Code
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
722
724
725
727
728
729
730
733
734
735
801
805
809
916
917
919
921
Description
Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
Wheatgrass - needlegrass
Wheatgrass - gama - needlegrass
Wheatgrass - gama
Wheatgrass
Blue grama - buffalograss
Sagebrush - grass
Fesque grassland
Crested wheatgrass
Wheatgrass - saltgrass - grama
Alkali sacaton - tobosagrass
Black grama - alkali sacaton
Black grama - sideoats grama
Blue grama - western wheatgrass
Blue grama - galleta
Blue grama - sideoats grama
Blue grama - sideoats grama - black grama
Bluestem - dropseed
Bluestem - grama
Bluestem prairie
Bluestem - sacahuista prairie
Galleta - alkali sacaton
Grama - muhly - threeawn
Grama - bluestem
Grama - buffalograss
Grama - feathergrass
Little bluestem - Indiangrass - Texas wintergrass
Mesquite - grama
Sand sagebrush - mixed prairie
Sideoats grama - New Mexico feathergrass- winterfat
Vine mesquite - alkali sacaton
Mesquite - buffalograss
Mesquite - granjeno - acacia
Mesquite
Sand shinnery oak
Juniper - oak
Mesquite - oak
Sideoats grama - sumac - juniper
Savanna
Riparian
Mixed hardwood and pine
Sedge - shrub tundra
Tall shrub swamp
Wet meadow tundra
Willow
E-3
Appendix E: Existing Vegetation References and Codes
Region 3 Field Guide
This page intentionally left blank.
E-4
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix F: Potential Vegetation References
APPENDIX F: POTENTIAL VEGETATION
REFERENCES
Code
301
Name/Author
Plant Associations of Arizona and New Mexico, edition 3, July 1997. Volume 1: Forests
and Volume 2: Woodlands.
F-1
Appendix E: Existing Vegetation References and Codes
Region 3 Field Guide
This page intentionally left blank.
F-2
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix G: Potential Vegetation Codes
APPENDIX G: POTENTIAL VEGETATION CODES
Reference Code 301
PV Code
001010
001011
001012
001013
001020
001021
001022
001030
001040
001041
001042
001050
001051
001052
001053
001054
001060
001070
001080
001081
001090
001100
001110
001111
001120
001130
001140
001141
001150
001160
003
003060
003080
003090
003110
003111
003112
003200
003201
003202
003203
003231
003240
003300
003301
Common Name
white fir/Rocky Mountain maple
white fir/Rocky Mountain maple/creeping barberry
white fir/Rocky Mountain maple/rockspirea
white fir/Rocky Mountain maple (riparian)
white fir/creeping barberry
white fir/creeping barberry/New Mexico locust
white fir/creeping barberry/common juniper
white fir/sprucefir fleabane
white fir/Arizona fescue
white fir/Arizona fescue/muttongrass
white fir/Arizona fescue/Gambel oak
white fir/Gambel oak
white fir/Gambel oak/screwleaf muhly
white fir/Gambel oak/Arizona fescue
white fir/Gambel oak/pine muhly
white fir/Gambel oak/rockspirea
white fir/screwleaf muhly
white fir/Nevada pea
white fir/bigtooth maple
white fir/bigtooth maple/rockspirea
white fir/kinnikinnick
white fir/whortleberry
white fir/New Mexico locust
white fir/New Mexico locust/dryspike sedge
white fir/beardless wildrye
white fir/Arizona walnut
white fir/mountain snowberry/ponderosa pine
white fir/mountain snowberry/limber pine
white fir/dryspike sedge
white fir/burnet ragwort
subalpine fir (riparian)
subalpine fir/tall fringed bluebells
subalpine fir/sprucefir fleabane
subalpine fir/common juniper
subalpine fir/moss
subalpine fir/moss/Engelmann spruce
subalpine fir/moss/Douglas-fir
subalpine fir/whortleberry
subalpine fir/whortleberry/twinflower
subalpine fir/whortleberry/thimbleberry
subalpine fir/whortleberry/fivepetal cliffbush
subalpine fir/thimbleberry/Rocky Mountain maple
subalpine fir/thimbleberry
subalpine fir/burnet ragwort
subalpine fir/burnet ragwort/Douglas-fir
G-1
Scientific Name
ABCO/ACGL
ABCO/ACGL/MARE11
ABCO/ACGL/HODU
ABCO/ACGL
ABCO/MARE11
ABCO/MARE11/RONE
ABCO/MARE11/JUCO6
ABCO/EREX4
ABCO/FEAR2
ABCO/FEAR2/POFE
ABCO/FEAR2/QUGA
ABCO/QUGA
ABCO/QUGA/MUVI2
ABCO/QUGA/FEAR2
ABCO/QUGA/MUDU
ABCO/QUGA/HODU
ABCO/MUVI2
ABCO/LALAL3
ABCO/ACGR3
ABCO/ACGR3/HODU
ABCO/ARUV
ABCO/VAMY2
ABCO/RONE
ABCO/RONE/CAFO3
ABCO/LETR5
ABCO/JUMA
ABCO/SYOR2/PIPO
ABCO/SYOR2/PIFL2
ABCO/CAFO3
ABCO/PASA12
ABLAL
ABLAL/MECI3
ABLAL/EREX4
ABLAL/JUCO6
ABLAL/2MOSS
ABLAL/2MOSS/PIEN
ABLAL/2MOSS/PSME
ABLAL/VAMY2
ABLAL/VAMY2/LIBO3
ABLAL/VAMY2/RUPA
ABLAL/VAMY2/JAAM
ABLAL/RUPA/ACGL
ABLAL/RUPA
ABLAL/PASA12
ABLAL/PASA12/PSME
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix G: Potential Vegetation Codes
Reference Code 301 (cont.)
PV Code
003310
003320
003350
003370
004060
004061
004062
00415
004151
004152
004300
004310
004320
004330
004340
00435
004350
004351
004360
006010
00604
006060
006070
006071
006080
006090
006130
011
011030
011031
011032
011033
011034
011035
011090
011091
011092
011093
011130
011210
011211
011212
011213
011214
011215
011216
011220
Common Name
subalpine fir/Nevada pea
subalpine fir/fivepetal cliffbush
subalpine fir (scree)
subalpine fir/dryspike sedge
Engelmann spruce/moss
Engelmann spruce/moss/Engelmann spruce
Engelmann spruce/moss/Douglas-fir
Engelmann spruce/whortleberry/Jacob’s-ladder
Engelmann spruce/whortleberry/Jacob’sladder/Engelmann spruce
Engelmann spruce/whortleberry/Jacob’s-ladder/subalpine
fir
Engelmann spruce/Rocky Mountain maple
Engelmann spruce/sprucefir fleabane
Engelmann spruce/beardless wildrye
Engelmann spruce/Ross’ avens
Engelmann spruce/gooseberry currant
Engelmann spruce/bittercress ragwort
Engelmann spruce/bittercress ragwort/subalpine fir
Engelmann spruce/bittercress ragwort/white fir
Engelmann spruce/whortleberry
blue spruce/redosier dogwood
blue spruce/twinflower
blue spruce/dryspike sedge
blue spruce/sprucefir fleabane
blue spruce/sprucefir fleabane/ponderosa pine
blue spruce/kinnikinnick
blue spruce/Arizona fescue
blue spruce/bittercress ragwort
blue spruce (riparian)
ponderosa pine/blue grama
ponderosa pine/blue grama/little bluestem
ponderosa pine/blue grama/sand bluestem
ponderosa pine/blue grama/big sagebrush
ponderosa pine/blue grama/gray oak
ponderosa pine/blue grama/Gambel oak
ponderosa pine/Arizona fescue
ponderosa pine/Arizona fescue/Parry's oatgrass
ponderosa pine/Arizona fescue/blue grama
ponderosa pine/Arizona fescue/Gambel oak
white fir (scree)
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak/Arizona fescue
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak/longtongue muhly
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak/twoneedle pinyon
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak/mountain muhly
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak/blue grama
ponderosa pine/Gambel oak/New Mexico locust
ponderosa pine/silverleaf oak
G-2
Scientific Name
ABLAL/LALAL3
ABLAL/JAAM
ABLAL
ABLAL/CAFO3
PIEN/2MOSS
PIEN/2MOSS/PIEN
PIEN/2MOSS/PSME
PIEN/VAMY2/POPUD3
PIEN/VAMY2/POPUD3/PIEN
PIEN/VAMY2/POPUD3/ABLA
PIEN/ACGL
PIEN/EREX4
PIEN/LETR5
PIEN/GERO2
PIEN/RIMO2
PIEN/PACA34
PIEN/PACA34/ABLAL
PIEN/PACA34/ABCO
PIEN/VAMY2
PIPU/COSES
PIPU/LIBO3
PIPU/CAFO3
PIPU/EREX4
PIPU/EREX4/PIPO
PIPU/ARUV
PIPU/FEAR2
PIPU/PACA34
PIPU
PIPO/BOGR2
PIPO/BOGR2/SCSC
PIPO/BOGR2/ANHA
PIPO/BOGR2/ARTR2
PIPO/BOGR2/QUGR3
PIPO/BOGR2/QUGA
PIPO/FEAR2
PIPO/FEAR2/DAPA2
PIPO/FEAR2/BOGR2
PIPO/FEAR2/QUGA
ABCO
PIPO/QUGA
PIPO/QUGA/FEAR2
PIPO/QUGA/MULO
PIPO/QUGA/PIED
PIPO/QUGA/MUMO
PIPO/QUGA/BOGR2
PIPO/QUGA/RONE
PIPO/QUHY
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix G: Potential Vegetation Codes
Reference Code 301 (cont.)
PV Code
011320
011330
011340
011341
011350
011360
011361
011370
011380
011390
011391
011392
011400
011410
011411
011420
011430
011440
011460
011470
011500
01203
01213
012140
012141
012142
012143
01231
012320
012330
012331
012332
012333
012340
012341
012350
012360
012361
012362
012380
01239
01241
01242
012420
012430
03101
03102
Common Name
ponderosa pine/Stansbury cliffrose
ponderosa pine/mountain muhly
ponderosa pine/screwleaf muhly
ponderosa pine/screwleaf muhly/Gambel oak
ponderosa pine/Indian ricegrass
ponderosa pine/gray oak/mountain muhly
ponderosa pine/gray oak/longtongue muhly
ponderosa pine/wavyleaf oak
ponderosa pine/black sagebrush
ponderosa pine/screwleaf muhly-Arizona fescue
ponderosa pine/screwleaf muhly-Arizona fescue/blue
grama
ponderosa pine/screwleaf muhly-Arizona fescue/Gambel
oak
ponderosa pine/kinnikinnick
ponderosa pine/Arizona white oak
ponderosa pine/Arizona white oak/blue grama
ponderosa pine/pointleaf manzanita
ponderosa pine/netleaf oak
ponderosa pine/Emory oak
ponderosa pine (scree)
ponderosa pine/Arizona walnut
ponderosa pine/rockland
Douglas-fir/creeping barberry
Douglas-fir/mountain ninebark
Douglas-fir/Gambel oak
Douglas-fir/Gambel oak/Arizona fescue
Douglas-fir/Gambel oak/screwleaf muhly
Douglas-fir/Gambel oak/rockspirea
Douglas-fir/kinnikinnick
Douglas-fir/fringed brome
Douglas-fir/Arizona fescue
Douglas-fir/Arizona fescue/bristlecone pine
Douglas-fir/Arizona fescue/limber pine
Douglas-fir/Arizona fescue/quaking aspen
Douglas-fir/mountain muhly/twoneedle pinyon
Douglas-fir/mountain muhly/limber pine
Douglas-fir/screwleaf muhly
Douglas-fir/silverleaf oak/ponderosa pine
Douglas-fir/silverleaf oak/Chihuahuan pine
Douglas-fir/silverleaf oak/netleaf oak
Douglas-fir (scree)
Douglas-fir/bigtooth maple
Douglas-fir/rockspirea
Douglas-fir/wavyleaf oak
Douglas-fir/wavyleaf oak
Douglas-fir/Arizona white oak
Arizona cypress/silverleaf oak
Arizona cypress/Sonoran scrub oak
G-3
Scientific Name
PIPO/PUST
PIPO/MUMO
PIPO/MUVI2
PIPO/MUVI2/QUGA
PIPO/ACHY
PIPO/QUGR3/MUMO
PIPO/QUGR3/MULO
PIPO/QUPA4
PIPO/ARNO4
PIPO/MUVI2-FEAR2
PIPO/MUVI2-FEAR2/BOGR2
PIPO/MUVI2-FEAR2/QUGA
PIPO/ARUV
PIPO/QUAR
PIPO/QUAR/BOGR2
PIPO/ARPU5
PIPO/QURU4
PIPO/QUEM
PIPO
PIPO/JUMA
PIPO
PSME/MARE11
PSME/PHMO4
PSME/QUGA
PSME/QUGA/FEAR2
PSME/QUGA/MUVI2
PSME/QUGA/HODU
PSME/ARUV
PSME/BRCI2
PSME/FEAR2
PSME/FEAR2/PIAR
PSME/FEAR2/PIFL2
PSME/FEAR2/POTR5
PSME/MUMO/PIED
PSME/MUMO/PIFL2
PSME/MUVI2
PSME/QUHY/PIPO
PSME/QUHY/PILE
PSME/QUHY/QURU4
PSME
PSME/ACGR3
PSME/HODU
PSME/QUPA4
PSME/QUPA4
PSME/QUAR
CUAR/QUHY
CUAR/QUTU2
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix G: Potential Vegetation Codes
Reference Code 301 (cont.)
PV Code
032010
032030
033010
033020
033030
103
104
123
130
201010
201011
201020
201040
201331
201332
201333
201340
201350
20140
201400
201410
201420
201430
202020
202320
202321
202330
202331
202500
204010
204011
204012
204021
204022
204023
204024
2040301
2040302
2040303
20404
204050
20406
20410
20411
204300
Common Name
Apache pine/longtongue muhly
Apache pine/silverleaf oak
Chihuahuan pine/pinyon ricegrass
Chihuahuan pine/Arizona white oak
Chihuahuan pine/silverleaf oak
narrowleaf cottonwood (riparian)
Rio grande cottonwood (riparian)
thinleaf alder (riparian)
Arizona sycamore (riparian)
oneseed juniper/sideoats grama
oneseed juniper/sideoats grama/sacahuista
oneseed juniper/blue grama
oneseed juniper/big sagebrush
oneseed juniper/rubber rabbitbrush-Apache plume
oneseed juniper/rubber rabbitbrush-Apache plume/big
sagebrush
oneseed juniper/rubber rabbitbrush-Apache plume/gray
oak
oneseed juniper/sand bluestem
oneseed juniper/Bigelow sage
oneseed juniper/winterfat
oneseed juniper/wavyleaf oak
oneseed juniper/sacahuista-lechuguilla
oneseed juniper/lechuguilla
Pinchot's juniper/creosote bush
Utah juniper/big sagebrush
Utah juniper/blue grama
Utah juniper/blue grama/Stansbury cliffrose
Utah juniper/tobosagrass/mesquite
Utah juniper/tobosagrass/singleleaf pinyon
Utah juniper-oneseed juniper/sparse
twoneedle pinyon/big sagebrush/Utah juniper
twoneedle pinyon/big sagebrush/oneseed juniper
twoneedle pinyon/big sagebrush/Rocky Mountain juniper
twoneedle pinyon/blue grama/Utah juniper
twoneedle pinyon/blue grama/oneseed juniper
twoneedle pinyon/blue grama/alligator juniper
twoneedle pinyon/blue grama (hillslope)
twoneedle pinyon/alderleaf mountain mahogany/wavyleaf
oak
twoneedle pinyon/alderleaf mountain mahogany/gray oak
twoneedle pinyon/alderleaf mountain mahogany/Gambel
oak
twoneedle pinyon/Gambel oak
twoneedle pinyon/antelope bitterbrush
twoneedle pinyon/muttongrass
twoneedle pinyon/pine muhly
twoneedle pinyon/New Mexico muhly
twoneedle pinyon/sand bluestem
G-4
Scientific Name
PIEN2/MULO
PIEN2/QUHY
PILE/PIFI
PILE/QUAR
PILE/QUHY
POAN3
PODEW
ALINT
PLWR2
JUMO/BOCU
JUMO/BOCU/NOMI
JUMO/BOGR2
JUMO/ARTR2
JUMO/ERNAN5-FAPA
JUMO/ERNAN5-FAPA/ARTR2
JUMO/ERNAN5-FAPA/QUGR3
JUMO/ANHA
JUMO/ARBI3
JUMO/KRLA2
JUMO/QUPA4
JUMO/NOMI-AGLE
JUMO/AGLE
JUPI/LATR2
JUOS/ARTR2
JUOS/BOGR2
JUOS/BOGR2/PUST
JUOS/PLMU3/PROSO
JUOS/PLMU3/PIMOF
JUOS-JUMO
PIED/ARTR2/JUOS
PIED/ARTR2/JUMO
PIED/ARTR2/JUSC2
PIED/BOGR2/JUOS
PIED/BOGR2/JUMO
PIED/BOGR2/JUDE2
PIED/BOGR2
PIED/CEMO2/QUPA4
PIED/CEMO2/QUGR3
PIED/CEMO2/QUGA
PIED/QUGA
PIED/PUTR2
PIED/POFE
PIED/MUDU
PIED/MUPA2
PIED/ANHA
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix G: Potential Vegetation Codes
Reference Code 301 (cont.)
PV Code
20431
204320
204321
204330
204350
204360
204370
204400
20441
204500
230030
230040
230041
230042
231010
231020
231021
231030
231040
231050
232020
232030
23204
232050
232060
232070
232330
233010
233020
233021
233022
233030
233040
233041
233042
233050
233330
238040
238300
238310
240300
25000
335
610010
610020
620010
620020
620021
620030
Common Name
twoneedle pinyon/Arizona fescue
twoneedle pinyon/Stansbury cliffrose
twoneedle pinyon/Stansbury cliffrose/big sagebrush
twoneedle pinyon/rubber rabbitbrush-Apache plume
twoneedle pinyon/rockland
twoneedle pinyon/wavyleaf oak
twoneedle pinyon/Dore’s needlegrass
twoneedle pinyon/pointleaf manzanita
twoneedle pinyon/blackbrush
twoneedle pinyon/sparse
redberry juniper/crucifixion thorn
redberry juniper/Sonoran scrub oak
redberry juniper/Sonoran scrub oak/mesquite
redberry juniper/Sonoran scrub oak/blue grama
alligator juniper/pointleaf manzanita
alligator juniper/blue grama
alligator juniper/blue grama/honey mesquite
alligator juniper/desert ceanothus
alligator juniper/skunkbush sumac
alligator juniper/bullgrass
border pinyon/Arizona orange
border pinyon/bullgrass
border pinyon/pinyon ricegrass
border pinyon/Toumey oak
border pinyon/silverleaf oak
border pinyon/evergreen sumac
border pinyon/rubber rabbitbrush-Apache plume
singleleaf pinyon/pointleaf manzanita
singleleaf pinyon/blue grama/alligator juniper
singleleaf pinyon/blue grama/Utah juniper
singleleaf pinyon/blue grama/Stansbury cliffrose
singleleaf pinyon/crucifixion thorn
singleleaf pinyon/Sonoran scrub oak (vegetation)
singleleaf pinyon/Sonoran scrub oak (typic phase)
singleleaf pinyon/Sonoran scrub oak/Stansbury cliffrose
singleleaf pinyon/banana yucca
singleleaf pinyon/rubber rabbitbrush-Apache plume
bristlecone pine/gooseberry currant
bristlecone pine/Arizona fescue
bristlecone pine/Thurber's fescue
limber pine/kinnikinnick
woodland (scarp)
Bebb willow (riparian)
Mexican blue oak/mixed grama
Mexican blue oak/common sotol
Emory oak/pointleaf manzanita
Emory oak/sideoats grama
Emory oak/sideoats grama/sacahuista
Emory oak/common sotol
G-5
Scientific Name
PIED/FEAR2
PIED/PUST
PIED/PUST/ARTR2
PIED/ERNAN5-FAPA
PIED
PIED/QUPA4
PIED/ACNED
PIED/ARPU5
PIED/CORA
PIED
JUCO11/CAHO3
JUCO11/QUTU2
JUCO11/QUTU2/PROSO
JUCO11/QUTU2/BOGR2
JUDE2/ARPU5
JUDE2/BOGR2
JUDE2/BOGR2/PRGL2
JUDE2/CEGR
JUDE2/RHTR
JUDE2/MUEM
PIDI3/CHDUA
PIDI3/MUEM
PIDI3/PIFI
PIDI3/QUTO2
PIDI3/QUHY
PIDI3/RHVIC
PIDI3/ERNAN5-FAPA
PIMOF/ARPU5
PIMOF/BOGR2/JUDE2
PIMOF/BOGR2/JUOS
PIMOF/BOGR2/PUST
PIMOF/CAHO3
PIMOF/QUTU2
PIMOF/QUTU2
PIMOF/QUTU2/PUST
PIMOF/YUBA
PIMOF/ERNAN5-FAPA
PIAR/RIMO2
PIAR/FEAR2
PIAR/FETH
PIFL2/ARUV
2TD
SABE2
QUOB/BOUTE
QUOB/DAWH2
QUEM/ARPU5
QUEM/BOCU
QUEM/BOCU/NOMI
QUEM/DAWH2
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix G: Potential Vegetation Codes
Reference Code 301 (cont.)
PV Code
620040
630010
630020
630030
630040
630041
630042
630043
630050
650010
Common Name
Emory oak/Arizona walnut
gray oak/sideoats grama
gray oak/alderleaf mountain mahogany
Arizona white oak/bullgrass
Arizona white oak/skunkbush sumac
Arizona white oak/skunkbush sumac/alligator juniper
Arizona white oak/skunkbush sumac/oneseed juniper
Arizona white oak/skunkbush sumac/pinyon ricegrass
Arizona white oak/pinyon ricegrass
silverleaf oak/longtongue muhly
G-6
Scientific Name
QUEM/JUMA
QUGR3/BOCU
QUGR3/CEMO2
QUAR/MUEM
QUAR/RHTR
QUAR/RHTR/JUDE2
QUAR/RHTR/JUMO
QUAR/RHTR/PIFI
QUAR/PIFI
QUHY/MULO
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix H: Fuel Photo References and Codes
APPENDIX H: FUEL PHOTO REFERENCES
AND CODES
Fuel Photo References
Code
Reference
6
Maxwell, Wayne G. and Franklin R. Ward. 1976. Photo Series for Quantifying Forest
Residues in the: Ponderosa Pine Type, Ponderosa Pine and Associated Species
Type, Lodgepole Pine Type. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-52, 74 p. Pacific
Northwest Range Exp. Stn., Portland, Oregon 97208.
Mackay, Douglas H. and Everett M. Stiger, Delman Goss, Byron Bonney. Photo Series for
Quantifying Forest Residues in: Douglas-fir, Engelmann Spruce Type, Limber Pine
Type, Lodgepole Pine Type, Ponderosa Pine Type, Subalpine Fir Type for Eastern
Montana. USDA Forest Service Northern Region. 162 p.
Anonymous. Photo Series For Quantifying Forest Residues in the Southwestern
Region. USDA Forest Service Southwest Region. Albuquerque, NM. Date Unknown. 227
p.
Ottmar, Roger D., R.E. Vihnanek, and S.C. Wright 2000. Stereo Photo Series for
Quantifying Natural Fuels in Lodgepole Pine, Quaking Aspen, and Gambel Oak
Types in the Rocky Mountains.
Ottmar, Roger D.; Robert E. Vihnanek, and Jon C. Regelbrugge. 2000. Stereo Photo
Series for Quantifying Natural Fuels. Volume IV: Pinyon-Juniper, Sagebrush, and
Chaparral Types in the Southwestern United States. PMS 833. Boise, ID: National
Wildfire Coordinating Group, National Interagency Fire Center. 97p.
10
12
17
21
Fuel Photo Codes
Fuel Photo Codes For Reference 6
1PP4CC
2PP4CC
1PP4PC
2PP4PC
3PP4PC
4PP4PC
5PP4PC
1PP1TH
2PP1TH
3PP1TH
4PP1TH
5PP1TH
6PP1TH
1PP&ASSOC4PC
2PP&ASSOC4PC
3PP&ASSOC4PC
H-1
4PP&ASSOC4PC
5PP&ASSOC4PC
6PP&ASSOC4PC
7PP&ASSOC4PC
8PP&ASSOC4PC
1LP3CC
1LP3PC
2LP3PC
3LP3PC
4LP3PC
5LP3PC
Appendix H: Fuel Photo References and Codes
Region 3 Field Guide
Fuel Photo Codes For Reference 12
1AZPPSPPRE01
1AZPPSPPRE02
1AZPPSPPRE03
1AZPPSPPRE04
1JU2
1MC2
1MC3
1PP&ASSOC3
1PP&ASSOC4
1PP1
1PP2(PNW105)
1PP2PC
1PP3
1PP3(BH)
1PP3(PNW105)
1PP3CC
1PP3PC
1PP4
1PP1(BH)
1PP1TH
1PP4PC
1PP4(PNW105)
1PPSP3PC
1SP3PC
1PP2
1PP2(BH)
2MC2
2MC3
1PP1TH(BH)
2JU2
2PP&ASSOC3
2PP4(PNW105)
2PPSP3PC
2SP3PC
3MC2
2PP&ASSOC4
2PP1
2PP1TH
2PP1TH(BH)
3MC3
2PP2
2PP2(BH)
2PP2(PNW105)
2PP2PC
2PP3CC
4PP4PC
4WF3
5PP&ASSOC3
4PP1TH
4PP1TH(BH)
5PP4PC
6PP1TH
5PP1TH(BH)
5PP2PC
5PP3
3PP2
3PP2(PNW105)
3PP2PC
4PP2
4PP2(PNW105)
4PP2PC
6PP1TH(BH)
6PP3
3PP1TH
3PP1TH(BH)
3PP3PC
3PP3
4PP3
4PP3(PNW105)
GO01
GO02
GO03
GO04
GO05
GO06
GO07
GO08
GO09
LP01
LP02
LP03
LP04
LP05
LP06
LP07
LP08
LP09
LP10
LP11
LP12
LP13
QA01
QA02
QA03
QA04
QA05
QA06
QA07
QA08
QA09
QA10
QA11
QA12
QA13
CH01
CH02
CH03
CH04
CH05
CH06
CH07
CH08
CH09
CH10
CH11
CH12
CH13
CH14
CH15
CH16
PJ01
PJ02
PJ03
PJ04
PJ05
PJ06
PJ07
PJ08
PJ09
PJ10
PJ11
PJ12
PJ13
PJ14
SWSB01
SWSB02
SWSB03
SWSB04
SWSB05
SWSB06
SWSB07
SWSB08
SWSB09
SWSB10
SWSB11
H-2
5PP1TH
3WF2
3WF3
4PP&ASSOC3
2PP3(PNW105)
2PP4
2PP4PC
Fuel Photo Codes For Reference 21
4PP4
3PP&ASSOC3
3PP&ASSOC4
3PP1
2PP3PC
2PP3
Fuel Photo Codes For Reference 17
3PP3(PNW105)
3PP4
3PP4PC
3PP4(PNW105)
3PPSP3PC
7PP1TH
7PP1TH(BH)
7PP3
8PP3
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix I: Fixed Radius Plot
APPENDIX I: FIXED RADIUS PLOT
1. Correct the fixed plot radius for slope percent using the “Circular Plot Radii Corrected for Slope”
table and then measuring distances parallel to the ground line. This method always results in a
circular plot on the slope.
Example - 1/300 acre fixed plot on 50 percent slope. Corrected fixed plot radius is 7.2 feet.
Circular Plot Radii Corrected for Slope
SLOPE %
1/300
1/100
Plot Size in Acres
1/50
1/20
1/10
1/5
0-9
10-17
18-22
23-26
27-30
31-33
34-36
37-39
40-42
43-44
45-47
48-49
50-51
52-53
54-55
56-57
58-59
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
11.8
11.8
11.9
12.0
12.0
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.7
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.9
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.8
38.0
38.2
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.9
39.1
39.2
39.4
39.6
39.8
39.9
40.1
52.7
52.9
53.2
53.4
53.7
54.0
54.2
54.5
54.7
55.0
55.2
55.5
55.7
56.0
56.2
56.5
56.7
I-1
26.3
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.9
28.0
28.1
28.2
28.4
Appendix I: Fixed Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
Circular Plot Radii Corrected for Slope (cont.)
SLOPE %
60-61
62-63
64-65
66-67
68-69
70
71-72
73-74
75
76-77
78-79
80
81-82
83
84-85
86
87-88
89
90-91
92
93-94
95
96-97
98
99-100
101
102
103-104
105
106-107
108
109
110-111
112
113
114-115
116
117
118-119
120
121
122
123-124
1/300
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.6
1/100
12.7
12.8
12.8
12.9
13.0
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.2
13.2
13.3
13.3
13.4
13.4
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.6
13.7
13.7
13.8
13.8
13.9
13.9
14.0
14.0
14.1
14.1
14.2
14.2
14.3
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.5
14.6
14.6
14.7
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.8
Plot Size in Acres
1/50
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.8
18.9
19.0
19.1
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.8
19.9
20.0
20.1
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.9
21.0
I-2
1/20
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
29.0
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9
30.0
30.1
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9
31.0
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.8
31.9
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33.0
33.1
33.2
1/10
40.3
40.4
40.6
40.8
41.0
41.1
41.3
41.5
41.6
41.8
42.0
42.1
42.3
42.5
42.6
42.8
42.9
43.1
43.3
43.4
43.6
43.7
43.9
44.1
44.2
44.4
44.5
44.7
44.8
45.0
45.1
45.3
45.5
45.6
45.8
45.9
46.1
46.2
46.4
46.5
46.7
46.8
47.0
1/5
57.0
57.2
57.4
57.7
57.9
58.2
58.4
58.6
58.7
59.1
59.3
59.6
59.8
60.0
60.3
60.5
60.7
61.0
61.2
61.4
61.6
61.9
62.1
62.3
62.5
62.8
63.0
63.2
63.4
63.6
63.8
64.1
64.3
64.5
64.7
64.9
65.1
65.3
65.6
65.8
66.0
66.2
66.4
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix I: Fixed Radius Plot
Circular Plot Radii Corrected for Slope (cont.)
SLOPE %
125
130
135
140
145
150
1/300
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
Plot Size in Acres
1/100
14.9
15.1
15.3
15.4
15.6
15.8
1/50
21.1
21.3
21.6
21.8
22.1
22.3
1/20
33.3
33.7
34.1
34.5
34.9
35.3
1/10
47.1
47.7
48.3
48.8
49.4
50.0
1/5
66.6
67.4
68.3
69.1
69.9
70.7
2. Determine the slope limiting distance to borderline trees by using the “Slope Correction Table”
(The slope being corrected is the slope from plot center to the tree, not the overall plot slope.).
Measure the distance parallel to the ground line to the borderline tree. This method always
results in an oval plot on the slope. Following is a list of fixed plot sizes and the specific radius
for each:
Plot Size
Plot Radius
Plot Size
Plot Radius
Plot Size
Plot Radius
1/1000
1/500
1/400
1/300
1/250
1/200
3.7 feet
5.3 feet
5.9 feet
6.8 feet
7.4 feet
8.3 feet
1/250
1/150
1/100
1/50
1/20
1/10
7.4 feet
9.6 feet
11.8 feet
16.7 feet
26.3 feet
37.2 feet
1/5
1/4
1/3
1/2
1
52.7 feet
58.9 feet
68.0 feet
83.3 feet
117.8 feet
To determine the slope limiting distance, multiply the plot radius for the appropriate plot size
by the appropriate slope correction factor.
Slope Correction Table
Percent
of Slope
0 to 9
10 to 17
Degree
of Slope
0-6
7-10
Correction
Factor
1.00
1.01
Percent
of Slope
78 to 79
80
Degree
of Slope
38
39
Correction
Factor
1.27
1.28
34 to 36
37 to 39
40 to 42
19-20
21
22
1.06
1.07
1.08
87 to 88
89
90 to 91
41
42
42
1.33
1.34
1.35
18 to 22
23 to 26
27 to 30
31 to 33
43 to 44
45 to 47
48 to 49
50 to 51
11-12
13-14
15-17
18
23
24
25-26
27
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
81 to 82
83
84 to 85
86
92
93 to 94
95
96 to 97
39
40
40
41
43
43
44
44
I-3
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
Percent
of Slope
117
118 to
119
120
121
122
123 to
124
125
126
127 to
128
129
130
131
132 to
133
Degree
of Slope
49
50
Correction
Factor
1.54
1.55
51
52
52
1.60
1.61
1.62
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
Appendix I: Fixed Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
Slope Correction Table (cont.)
Percent
of Slope
52 to 53
54 to 55
Degree
of Slope
28
29
Correction
Factor
1.13
1.14
60 to 61
31
1.17
56 to 57
58 to 59
62 to 63
64 to 65
66 to 67
68 to 69
70
71 to 72
73 to 74
75
76 to 77
29
30
32
33
34
34
35
36
37
37
38
1.15
1.16
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
Percent
of Slope
98
99 to
100
101
102
103
to104
105
106
to107
108
109
110 to
111
112
113
114 to
115
116
Degree
of Slope
44
45
Correction
Factor
1.40
1.41
46
1.44
45
46
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
49
49
I-4
1.42
1.43
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
Percent
of Slope
134
135
136
137 to
138
139
140
141
142 to
143
144
145
146
147
148 to
149
150
Degree
of Slope
53
53
Correction
Factor
1.67
1.68
54
1.71
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
1.69
1.70
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
APPENDIX J: VARIABLE RADIUS PLOT
Table J-1: BAF 10 Plot Radii in Feet and Tenths of Feet from Plot Center to Face of Tree at DBH
for 0% Slope
Inches
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0
13.5
16.2
19.0
21.7
24.4
27.1
29.8
32.5
35.2
37.9
40.6
43.3
46.0
48.7
51.5
54.2
56.9
59.6
62.3
65.0
67.7
70.4
73.1
75.8
78.5
81.2
83.9
86.7
89.4
92.1
94.8
97.5
100.2
102.9
105.6
108.3
111.0
113.7
116.4
119.2
121.9
124.6
127.3
130.0
132.7
135.4
0.1
13.8
16.5
19.2
21.9
24.6
27.4
30.1
32.8
35.5
38.2
40.9
43.6
46.3
49.0
51.7
54.4
57.1
59.8
62.6
65.3
68.0
70.7
73.4
76.1
78.8
81.5
84.2
86.9
89.6
92.3
95.1
97.8
100.5
103.2
105.9
108.6
111.3
114.0
116.7
119.4
122.1
124.8
127.5
130.3
133.0
135.7
0.2
14.1
16.8
19.5
22.2
24.9
27.6
30.3
33.0
35.7
38.5
41.2
43.9
46.6
49.3
52.0
54.7
57.4
60.1
62.8
65.5
68.2
70.9
73.7
76.4
79.1
81.8
84.5
87.2
89.9
92.6
95.3
98.0
100.7
103.4
106.2
108.9
111.6
114.3
117.0
119.7
122.4
125.1
127.8
130.5
133.2
135.9
0.3
14.4
17.1
19.8
22.5
25.2
27.9
30.6
33.3
36.0
38.7
41.4
44.1
46.8
49.6
52.3
55.0
57.7
60.4
63.1
65.8
68.5
71.2
73.9
76.6
79.3
82.1
84.8
87.5
90.2
92.9
95.6
98.3
101.0
103.7
106.4
109.1
111.8
114.5
117.3
120.0
122.7
125.4
128.1
130.8
133.5
136.2
0.4
14.6
17.3
20.0
22.7
25.5
28.2
30.9
33.6
36.3
39.0
41.7
44.4
47.1
49.8
52.5
55.2
58.0
60.7
63.4
66.1
68.8
71.5
74.2
76.9
79.6
82.3
85.0
87.7
90.4
93.2
95.9
98.6
101.3
104.0
106.7
109.4
112.1
114.8
117.5
120.2
122.9
125.7
128.4
131.1
133.8
136.5
0.5
14.9
17.6
20.3
23.0
25.7
28.4
31.1
33.9
36.6
39.3
42.0
44.7
47.4
50.1
52.8
55.5
58.2
60.9
63.6
66.3
69.1
71.8
74.5
77.2
79.9
82.6
85.3
88.0
90.7
93.4
96.1
98.8
101.6
104.3
107.0
109.7
112.4
115.1
117.8
120.5
123.2
125.9
128.6
131.3
134.0
136.8
Prepared by multiplying the BAF 10 Plot Radius Factor 2.708 * DBH
For example, if DBH = 14.3 inches, then 14.3 * 2.708 = 38.
J-1
0.6
15.2
17.9
20.6
23.3
26.0
28.7
31.4
34.1
36.8
39.5
42.2
45.0
47.7
50.4
53.1
55.8
58.5
61.2
63.9
66.6
69.3
72.0
74.7
77.4
80.2
82.9
85.6
88.3
91.0
93.7
96.4
99.1
101.8
104.5
107.2
109.9
112.7
115.4
118.1
120.8
123.5
126.2
128.9
131.6
134.3
137.0
0.7
15.4
18.1
20.9
23.6
26.3
29.0
31.7
34.4
37.1
39.8
42.5
45.2
47.9
50.6
53.3
56.1
58.8
61.5
64.2
66.9
69.6
72.3
75.0
77.7
80.4
83.1
85.8
88.6
91.3
94.0
96.7
99.4
102.1
104.8
107.5
110.2
112.9
115.6
118.3
121.0
123.8
126.5
129.2
131.9
134.6
137.3
0.8
15.7
18.4
21.1
23.8
26.5
29.2
32.0
34.7
37.4
40.1
42.8
45.5
48.2
50.9
53.6
56.3
59.0
61.7
64.5
67.2
69.9
72.6
75.3
78.0
80.7
83.4
86.1
88.8
91.5
94.2
96.9
99.7
102.4
105.1
107.8
110.5
113.2
115.9
118.6
121.3
124.0
126.7
129.4
132.2
134.9
137.6
0.9
16.0
18.7
21.4
24.1
26.8
29.5
32.2
34.9
37.6
40.3
43.1
45.8
48.5
51.2
53.9
56.6
59.3
62.0
64.7
67.4
70.1
72.8
75.6
78.3
81.0
83.7
86.4
89.1
91.8
94.5
97.2
99.9
102.6
105.3
108.0
110.8
113.5
116.2
118.9
121.6
124.3
127.0
129.7
132.4
135.1
137.8
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
Table J-2: BAF 20 Plot Radii in Feet and Tenths of Feet from Plot Center to Face of Tree at DBH
for 0% Slope
Inches
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0
9.5
11.4
13.3
15.2
17.1
19.0
20.9
22.8
24.7
26.6
28.5
30.4
32.4
34.3
36.2
38.1
40.0
41.9
43.8
45.7
47.6
49.5
51.4
53.3
55.2
57.1
59.0
60.9
62.8
64.7
66.6
68.5
70.4
72.3
74.2
76.1
78.0
79.9
81.8
83.7
85.6
87.5
89.4
91.3
93.2
95.2
0.1
9.7
11.6
13.5
15.4
17.3
19.2
21.1
23.0
24.9
26.8
28.7
30.6
32.5
34.4
36.3
38.3
40.2
42.1
44.0
45.9
47.8
49.7
51.6
53.5
55.4
57.3
59.2
61.1
63.0
64.9
66.8
68.7
70.6
72.5
74.4
76.3
78.2
80.1
82.0
83.9
85.8
87.7
89.6
91.5
93.4
95.3
0.2
9.9
11.8
13.7
15.6
17.5
19.4
21.3
23.2
25.1
27.0
28.9
30.8
32.7
34.6
36.5
38.4
40.3
42.2
44.1
46.1
48.0
49.9
51.8
53.7
55.6
57.5
59.4
61.3
63.2
65.1
67.0
68.9
70.8
72.7
74.6
76.5
78.4
80.3
82.2
84.1
86.0
87.9
89.8
91.7
93.6
95.5
0.3
10.1
12.0
13.9
15.8
17.7
19.6
21.5
23.4
25.3
27.2
29.1
31.0
32.9
34.8
36.7
38.6
40.5
42.4
44.3
46.2
48.1
50.0
52.0
53.9
55.8
57.7
59.6
61.5
63.4
65.3
67.2
69.1
71.0
72.9
74.8
76.7
78.6
80.5
82.4
84.3
86.2
88.1
90.0
91.9
93.8
95.7
0.4
10.3
12.2
14.1
16.0
17.9
19.8
21.7
23.6
25.5
27.4
29.3
31.2
33.1
35.0
36.9
38.8
40.7
42.6
44.5
46.4
48.3
50.2
52.1
54.0
55.9
57.9
59.8
61.7
63.6
65.5
67.4
69.3
71.2
73.1
75.0
76.9
78.8
80.7
82.6
84.5
86.4
88.3
90.2
92.1
94.0
95.9
0.5
10.5
12.4
14.3
16.2
18.1
20.0
21.9
23.8
25.7
27.6
29.5
31.4
33.3
35.2
37.1
39.0
40.9
42.8
44.7
46.6
48.5
50.4
52.3
54.2
56.1
58.0
59.9
61.8
63.8
65.7
67.6
69.5
71.4
73.3
75.2
77.1
79.0
80.9
82.8
84.7
86.6
88.5
90.4
92.3
94.2
96.1
0.6
10.7
12.6
14.5
16.4
18.3
20.2
22.1
24.0
25.9
27.8
29.7
31.6
33.5
35.4
37.3
39.2
41.1
43.0
44.9
46.8
48.7
50.6
52.5
54.4
56.3
58.2
60.1
62.0
63.9
65.8
67.7
69.6
71.6
73.5
75.4
77.3
79.2
81.1
83.0
84.9
86.8
88.7
90.6
92.5
94.4
96.3
0.7
10.8
12.8
14.7
16.6
18.5
20.4
22.3
24.2
26.1
28.0
29.9
31.8
33.7
35.6
37.5
39.4
41.3
43.2
45.1
47.0
48.9
50.8
52.7
54.6
56.5
58.4
60.3
62.2
64.1
66.0
67.9
69.8
71.7
73.6
75.5
77.5
79.4
81.3
83.2
85.1
87.0
88.9
90.8
92.7
94.6
96.5
Prepared by multiplying the BAF 20 Plot Radius Factor 1.902 * DBH.
For example, if DBH = 14.3 inches, then 14.3 * 1.903 = 27.
J-2
0.8
11.0
12.9
14.8
16.7
18.6
20.6
22.5
24.4
26.3
28.2
30.1
32.0
33.9
35.8
37.7
39.6
41.5
43.4
45.3
47.2
49.1
51.0
52.9
54.8
56.7
58.6
60.5
62.4
64.3
66.2
68.1
70.0
71.9
73.8
75.7
77.6
79.5
81.4
83.4
85.3
87.2
89.1
91.0
92.9
94.8
96.7
0.9
11.2
13.1
15.0
16.9
18.8
20.7
22.6
24.5
26.5
28.4
30.3
32.2
34.1
36.0
37.9
39.8
41.7
43.6
45.5
47.4
49.3
51.2
53.1
55.0
56.9
58.8
60.7
62.6
64.5
66.4
68.3
70.2
72.1
74.0
75.9
77.8
79.7
81.6
83.5
85.4
87.3
89.3
91.2
93.1
95.0
96.9
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Table J-3: BAF 30 Plot Radii in Feet and Tenths of Feet from Plot Center to Face of Tree at DBH
for 0% Slope
Inches
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0
7.7
9.3
10.8
12.4
13.9
15.5
17.0
18.6
20.1
21.6
23.2
24.7
26.3
27.8
29.4
30.9
32.5
34.0
35.6
37.1
38.7
40.2
41.7
43.3
44.8
46.4
47.9
49.5
51.0
52.6
54.1
55.7
57.2
58.7
60.3
61.8
63.4
64.9
66.5
68.0
69.6
71.1
72.7
74.2
75.8
77.3
0.1
7.9
9.4
11.0
12.5
14.1
15.6
17.2
18.7
20.3
21.8
23.3
24.9
26.4
28.0
29.5
31.1
32.6
34.2
35.7
37.3
38.8
40.4
41.9
43.4
45.0
46.5
48.1
49.6
51.2
52.7
54.3
55.8
57.4
58.9
60.4
62.0
63.5
65.1
66.6
68.2
69.7
71.3
72.8
74.4
75.9
77.5
0.2
8.0
9.6
11.1
12.7
14.2
15.8
17.3
18.9
20.4
22.0
23.5
25.0
26.6
28.1
29.7
31.2
32.8
34.3
35.9
37.4
39.0
40.5
42.1
43.6
45.1
46.7
48.2
49.8
51.3
52.9
54.4
56.0
57.5
59.1
60.6
62.1
63.7
65.2
66.8
68.3
69.9
71.4
73.0
74.5
76.1
77.6
0.3
8.2
9.7
11.3
12.8
14.4
15.9
17.5
19.0
20.6
22.1
23.7
25.2
26.7
28.3
29.8
31.4
32.9
34.5
36.0
37.6
39.1
40.7
42.2
43.8
45.3
46.8
48.4
49.9
51.5
53.0
54.6
56.1
57.7
59.2
60.8
62.3
63.8
65.4
66.9
68.5
70.0
71.6
73.1
74.7
76.2
77.8
0.4
8.3
9.9
11.4
13.0
14.5
16.1
17.6
19.2
20.7
22.3
23.8
25.4
26.9
28.4
30.0
31.5
33.1
34.6
36.2
37.7
39.3
40.8
42.4
43.9
45.5
47.0
48.5
50.1
51.6
53.2
54.7
56.3
57.8
59.4
60.9
62.5
64.0
65.6
67.1
68.6
70.2
71.7
73.3
74.8
76.4
77.9
0.5
8.5
10.0
11.6
13.1
14.7
16.2
17.8
19.3
20.9
22.4
24.0
25.5
27.1
28.6
30.1
31.7
33.2
34.8
36.3
37.9
39.4
41.0
42.5
44.1
45.6
47.2
48.7
50.2
51.8
53.3
54.9
56.4
58.0
59.5
61.1
62.6
64.2
65.7
67.3
68.8
70.3
71.9
73.4
75.0
76.5
78.1
0.6
8.7
10.2
11.7
13.3
14.8
16.4
17.9
19.5
21.0
22.6
24.1
25.7
27.2
28.8
30.3
31.8
33.4
34.9
36.5
38.0
39.6
41.1
42.7
44.2
45.8
47.3
48.9
50.4
51.9
53.5
55.0
56.6
58.1
59.7
61.2
62.8
64.3
65.9
67.4
69.0
70.5
72.0
73.6
75.1
76.7
78.2
0.7
8.8
10.4
11.9
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.1
19.6
21.2
22.7
24.3
25.8
27.4
28.9
30.5
32.0
33.5
35.1
36.6
38.2
39.7
41.3
42.8
44.4
45.9
47.5
49.0
50.6
52.1
53.6
55.2
56.7
58.3
59.8
61.4
62.9
64.5
66.0
67.6
69.1
70.7
72.2
73.7
75.3
76.8
78.4
Prepared by multiplying the BAF 30 Plot Radius Factor 1.546 * DBH.
For example, if DBH = 14.3 inches, then 14.3 * 1.546 = 22.
J-3
0.8
9.0
10.5
12.1
13.6
15.2
16.7
18.2
19.8
21.3
22.9
24.4
26.0
27.5
29.1
30.6
32.2
33.7
35.2
36.8
38.3
39.9
41.4
43.0
44.5
46.1
47.6
49.2
50.7
52.3
53.8
55.3
56.9
58.4
60.0
61.5
63.1
64.6
66.2
67.7
69.3
70.8
72.4
73.9
75.4
77.0
78.5
0.9
9.1
10.7
12.2
13.8
15.3
16.9
18.4
19.9
21.5
23.0
24.6
26.1
27.7
29.2
30.8
32.3
33.9
35.4
36.9
38.5
40.0
41.6
43.1
44.7
46.2
47.8
49.3
50.9
52.4
54.0
55.5
57.0
58.6
60.1
61.7
63.2
64.8
66.3
67.9
69.4
71.0
72.5
74.1
75.6
77.1
78.7
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
Table J-4: BAF 40 Plot Radii in Feet and Tenths of Feet from Plot Center to Face of Tree at DBH
for 0% Slope
Inches
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0
6.7
8.0
9.3
10.7
12.0
13.3
14.7
16.0
17.3
18.7
20.0
21.3
22.7
24.0
25.3
26.7
28.0
29.3
30.7
32.0
33.3
34.7
36.0
37.3
38.7
40.0
41.3
42.7
44.0
45.3
46.7
48.0
49.3
50.7
52.0
53.3
54.7
56.0
57.3
58.7
60.0
61.3
62.7
64.0
65.3
66.7
0.1
6.8
8.1
9.5
10.8
12.1
13.5
14.8
16.1
17.5
18.8
20.1
21.5
22.8
24.1
25.5
26.8
28.1
29.5
30.8
32.1
33.5
34.8
36.1
37.5
38.8
40.1
41.5
42.8
44.1
45.5
46.8
48.1
49.5
50.8
52.1
53.5
54.8
56.1
57.5
58.8
60.1
61.5
62.8
64.1
65.5
66.8
0.2
6.9
8.3
9.6
10.9
12.3
13.6
14.9
16.3
17.6
18.9
20.3
21.6
22.9
24.3
25.6
26.9
28.3
29.6
30.9
32.3
33.6
34.9
36.3
37.6
38.9
40.3
41.6
42.9
44.3
45.6
46.9
48.2
49.6
50.9
52.2
53.6
54.9
56.2
57.6
58.9
60.2
61.6
62.9
64.2
65.6
66.6
0.3
7.1
8.4
9.7
11.1
12.4
13.7
15.1
16.4
17.7
19.1
20.4
21.7
23.1
24.4
25.7
27.1
28.4
29.7
31.1
32.4
33.7
35.1
36.4
37.7
39.1
40.4
41.7
43.1
44.4
45.7
47.1
48.4
49.7
51.1
52.4
53.7
55.1
56.4
57.7
59.1
60.4
61.7
63.1
64.4
65.7
67.0
0.4
7.2
8.5
9.9
11.2
12.5
13.9
15.2
16.5
17.9
19.2
20.5
21.9
23.2
24.5
25.9
27.2
28.5
29.9
31.2
32.5
33.9
35.2
36.5
37.9
39.2
40.5
41.9
43.2
44.5
45.9
47.2
48.5
49.9
51.2
52.5
53.9
55.2
56.5
57.9
59.2
60.5
61.9
63.2
64.5
65.9
67.2
0.5
7.3
8.7
10.0
11.3
12.7
14.0
15.3
16.7
18.0
19.3
20.7
22.0
23.3
24.7
26.0
27.3
28.7
30.0
31.3
32.7
34.0
35.3
36.7
38.0
39.3
40.7
42.0
43.3
44.7
46.0
47.3
48.7
50.0
51.3
52.7
54.0
55.3
56.7
58.0
59.3
60.7
62.0
63.3
64.7
66.0
67.3
0.6
7.5
8.8
10.1
11.5
12.8
14.1
15.5
16.8
18.1
19.5
20.8
22.1
23.5
24.8
26.1
27.5
28.8
30.1
31.5
32.8
34.1
35.5
36.8
38.1
39.5
40.8
42.1
43.5
44.8
46.1
47.5
48.8
50.1
51.5
52.8
54.1
55.5
56.8
58.1
59.5
60.8
62.1
63.5
64.8
66.1
67.4
0.7
7.6
8.9
10.3
11.6
12.9
14.3
15.6
16.9
18.3
19.6
20.9
22.3
23.6
24.9
26.3
27.6
28.9
30.3
31.6
32.9
34.3
35.6
36.9
38.3
39.6
40.9
42.3
43.6
44.9
46.3
47.6
48.9
50.3
51.6
52.9
54.3
55.6
56.9
58.3
59.6
60.9
62.3
63.6
64.9
66.3
67.6
Prepared by multiplying the BAF 40 Plot Radius Factor 1.333 * DBH.
For Example if DBH = 14.3 inches, then 14.3 * 1.333 = 19.1 feet.
J-4
0.8
7.7
9.1
10.4
11.7
13.1
14.4
15.7
17.1
18.4
19.7
21.1
22.4
23.7
25.1
26.4
27.7
29.1
30.4
31.7
33.1
34.4
35.7
37.1
38.4
39.7
41.1
42.4
43.7
45.1
46.4
47.7
49.1
50.4
51.7
53.1
54.4
55.7
57.1
58.4
59.7
61.1
62.4
63.7
65.1
66.4
67.7
0.9
7.9
9.2
10.5
11.9
13.2
14.5
15.9
17.2
18.5
19.9
21.2
22.5
23.9
25.2
26.5
27.9
29.2
30.5
31.9
33.2
34.5
35.9
37.2
38.5
39.9
41.2
42.5
43.9
45.2
46.5
47.9
49.2
50.5
51.9
53.2
54.5
55.9
57.2
58.5
59.9
61.2
62.5
63.9
65.2
66.5
67.8
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Table J-5: BAF 60 Plot Radii in Feet and Tenths of Feet from Plot Center to Face of Tree at DBH
for 0% Slope
Inches
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0
5.4
6.5
7.6
8.6
9.7
10.8
11.9
13.0
14.1
15.1
16.2
17.3
18.4
19.5
20.5
21.6
22.7
23.8
24.9
25.9
27.0
28.1
29.2
30.3
31.3
32.4
33.5
34.6
35.7
36.8
37.8
38.9
40.0
41.1
42.2
43.2
44.3
45.4
46.5
47.6
48.6
49.7
50.8
51.9
53.0
54.1
0.1
5.5
6.6
7.7
8.8
9.8
10.9
12.0
13.1
14.2
15.2
16.3
17.4
18.5
19.6
20.6
21.7
22.8
23.9
25.0
26.1
27.1
28.2
29.3
30.4
31.5
32.5
33.6
34.7
35.8
36.9
37.9
39.0
40.1
41.2
42.3
43.3
44.4
45.5
46.6
47.7
48.8
49.8
50.9
52.0
53.1
54.2
0.2
5.6
6.7
7.8
8.9
9.9
11.0
12.1
13.2
14.3
15.4
16.4
17.5
18.6
19.7
20.8
21.8
22.9
24.0
25.1
26.2
27.2
28.3
29.4
30.5
31.6
32.6
33.7
34.8
35.9
37.0
38.1
39.1
40.2
41.3
42.4
43.5
44.5
45.6
46.7
47.8
48.9
49.9
51.0
52.1
53.2
54.3
0.3
5.7
6.8
7.9
9.0
10.1
11.1
12.2
13.3
14.4
15.5
16.5
17.6
18.7
19.8
20.9
21.9
23.0
24.1
25.2
26.3
27.3
28.4
29.5
30.6
31.7
32.8
33.8
34.9
36.0
37.1
38.2
39.2
40.3
41.4
42.5
43.6
44.6
45.7
46.8
47.9
49.0
50.1
51.1
52.2
53.3
54.4
0.4
5.8
6.9
8.0
9.1
10.2
11.2
12.3
13.4
14.5
15.6
16.6
17.7
18.8
19.9
21.0
22.1
23.1
24.2
25.3
26.4
27.5
28.5
29.6
30.7
31.8
32.9
33.9
35.0
36.1
37.2
38.3
39.3
40.4
41.5
42.6
43.7
44.8
45.8
46.9
48.0
49.1
50.2
51.2
52.3
53.4
54.5
0.5
5.9
7.0
8.1
9.2
10.3
11.4
12.4
13.5
14.6
15.7
16.8
17.8
18.9
20.0
21.1
22.2
23.2
24.3
25.4
26.5
27.6
28.6
29.7
30.8
31.9
33.0
34.1
35.1
36.2
37.3
38.4
39.5
40.5
41.6
42.7
43.8
44.9
45.9
47.0
48.1
49.2
50.3
51.3
52.4
53.5
54.6
0.6
6.1
7.1
8.2
9.3
10.4
11.5
12.5
13.6
14.7
15.8
16.9
17.9
19.0
20.1
21.2
22.3
23.3
24.4
25.5
26.6
27.7
28.8
29.8
30.9
32.0
33.1
34.2
35.2
36.3
37.4
38.5
39.6
40.6
41.7
42.8
43.9
45.0
46.1
47.1
48.2
49.3
50.4
51.5
52.5
53.6
54.7
0.7
6.2
7.2
8.3
9.4
10.5
11.6
12.6
13.7
14.8
15.9
17.0
18.1
19.1
20.2
21.3
22.4
23.5
24.5
25.6
26.7
27.8
28.9
29.9
31.0
32.1
33.2
34.3
35.3
36.4
37.5
38.6
39.7
40.8
41.8
42.9
44.0
45.1
46.2
47.2
48.3
49.4
50.5
51.6
52.6
53.7
54.8
Prepared by multiplying the BAF 60 Plot Radius Factor 1.081 * DBH.
For Example, if DBH = 14.3 inches, then 14.3 * 1.081 = 15.5 feet.
J-5
0.8
6.3
7.4
8.4
9.5
10.6
11.7
12.8
13.8
14.9
16.0
17.1
18.2
19.2
20.3
21.4
22.5
23.6
24.6
25.7
26.8
27.9
29.0
30.1
31.1
32.2
33.3
34.4
35.5
36.5
37.6
38.7
39.8
40.9
41.9
43.0
44.1
45.2
46.3
47.3
48.4
49.5
50.6
51.7
52.8
53.8
54.9
0.9
6.4
7.5
8.5
9.6
10.7
11.8
12.9
13.9
15.0
16.1
17.2
18.3
19.3
20.4
21.5
22.6
23.7
24.8
25.8
26.9
28.0
29.1
30.2
31.2
32.3
33.4
34.5
35.6
36.6
37.7
38.8
39.9
41.0
42.1
43.1
44.2
45.3
46.4
47.5
48.5
49.6
50.7
51.8
52.9
53.9
55.0
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
Table J-6: Limiting Distance to Face of Tree and Slope Correction Factors for Various Basal
Area Factors
This table provides an expanded list of slope correction factors to the face of the tree for use with
various basal area factors. To use the table, measure the slope and the distance from plot-center to
the face of the tree at DBH. To obtain the corrected limiting distance to a tree multiply the trees
DBH by the “combined factor” shown under the appropriate BAF heading.
% of Slope Correction
Slope
Factor
1
1.00000
2
1.00020
3
1.00045
4
1.00080
5
1.00125
6
1.00180
7
1.00245
8
1.00319
9
1.00404
10
1.00499
11
1.00603
12
1.00717
13
1.00841
14
1.00975
15
1.01119
16
1.01272
17
1.01435
18
1.01607
19
1.01789
20
1.01980
21
1.02181
22
1.02391
23
1.02611
24
1.02840
25
1.03078
26
1.03325
27
1.03581
28
1.03846
29
1.04120
30
1.04403
31
1.04695
32
1.04995
33
1.05304
34
1.05622
35
1.05948
36
1.06283
37
1.06626
38
1.06977
39
1.07336
40
1.07703
41
1.08079
42
1.08462
5 BAF
3.847
3.848
3.849
3.850
3.852
3.854
3.856
3.859
3.863
3.866
3.870
3.875
3.879
3.884
3.890
3.896
3.902
3.909
3.916
3.923
3.931
3.939
3.947
3.956
3.965
3.975
3.985
3.995
4.005
4.016
4.028
4.039
4.051
4.063
4.076
4.089
4.102
4.115
4.129
4.143
4.158
4.173
Combined Factor
15 BAF
20 BAF
2.203
1.902
2.203
1.902
2.204
1.903
2.205
1.904
2.206
1.904
2.207
1.905
2.208
1.907
2.210
1.908
2.212
1.910
2.214
1.911
2.216
1.912
2.219
1.916
2.222
1.918
2.224
1.921
2.228
1.923
2.231
1.926
2.235
1.921
2.238
1.933
2.245
1.936
2.245
1.940
2.251
1.943
2.256
1.947
2.261
1.952
2.266
1.956
2.271
1.967
2.276
1.965
2.282
1.970
2.288
1.975
2.294
1.980
2.300
1.986
2.306
1.991
2.313
1.997
2.320
2.003
2.327
2.009
2.334
2.015
2.341
2.022
2.349
2.028
2.357
2.035
2.365
2.042
2.373
2.049
2.381
2.056
2.389
2.063
10 BAF
2.708
2.709
2.709
2.710
2.711
2.713
2.715
2.717
2.719
2.722
2.724
2.727
2.731
2.734
2.738
2.742
2.747
2.752
2.756
2.762
2.767
2.773
2.779
2.785
2.791
2.798
2.805
2.812
2.820
2.827
2.835
2.843
2.852
2.960
2.869
2.878
2.887
2.897
2.907
2.917
2.927
2.937
J-6
30 BAF
1.546
1.546
1.547
1.547
1.548
1.549
1.550
1.551
1.552
1.554
1.555
1.557
1.559
1.567
1.563
1.566
1.568
1.571
1.574
1.577
1.580
1.583
1.586
1.590
1.594
1.597
1.601
1.605
1.610
1.614
1.619
1.623
1.628
1.633
1.638
1.643
1.648
1.654
1.659
1.665
1.671
1.677
40 BAF
1.333
1.333
1.334
1.334
1.335
1.335
1.336
1.337
1.338
1.340
1.341
1.343
1.344
1.346
1.348
1.350
1.352
1.354
1.357
1.359
1.362
1.365
1.368
1.371
1.374
1.377
1.381
1.384
1.388
1.392
1.396
1.400
1.404
1.408
1.412
1.417
4.421
1.426
1.431
1.436
1.441
1.446
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Table J-6: Limiting Distance to Face of Tree and Slope Correction Factors for Various Basal
Area Factors (cont.)
% of Slope Correction
Slope
Factor
43
1.08853
44
1.09252
45
1.09659
46
1.10073
47
1.10494
48
1.10923
49
1.11360
50
1.11803
51
1.12254
52
1.12712
53
1.13177
54
1.13649
55
1.14127
56
1.14612
57
1.15104
58
1.15603
59
1.16108
60
1.16619
61
1.17137
62
1.17661
63
1.18191
64
1.18727
65
1.19269
66
1.19817
67
1.20370
68
1.20930
69
1.21949
70
1.22066
71
1.22642
72
1.23223
73
1.23810
74
1.24403
75
1.25000
76
1.25603
77
1.26210
78
1.26823
79
1.27440
80
1.28062
81
1.28690
82
1.29321
83
1.29958
84
1.30599
85
1.31244
86
1.31894
87
1.32548
88
1.33207
89
1.33870
90
1.34536
5 BAF
4.188
4.203
4.219
4.235
4.251
4.267
4.284
4.301
4.318
4.336
4.354
4.372
4.390
4.409
4.428
4.447
4.467
4.486
4.506
4.526
4.547
4.567
4.588
4.609
4.631
4.652
4.691
4.696
4.718
4.740
4.763
4.786
4.809
4.832
4.855
4.879
4.903
4.927
4.951
4.975
4.999
5.024
5.049
5.074
5.099
5.124
5.150
5.176
Combined Factor
15 BAF
20 BAF
2.398
2.070
2.407
2.078
2.416
2.086
2.425
2.094
2.434
2.102
2.444
2.110
2.453
2.118
2.463
2.126
2.473
2.135
2.483
2.144
2.493
2.153
2.504
2.162
2.514
2.171
2.525
2.180
2.536
2.189
2.547
2.199
2.558
2.208
2.569
2.218
2.581
2.228
2.592
2.238
2.604
2.248
2.616
2.258
2.627
2.268
2.640
2.279
2.652
2.289
2.664
2.300
2.687
2.319
2.689
2.322
2.702
2.333
2.715
2.344
2.728
2.355
2.741
2.366
2.754
2.378
2.767
2.389
2.780
2.401
2.794
2.412
2.808
2.424
2.821
2.436
2.835
2.448
2.849
2.460
2.863
2.472
2.877
2.484
2.891
2.496
2.906
2.509
2.920
2.521
2.935
2.534
2.949
2.546
2.964
2.559
10 BAF
2.948
2.959
2.970
2.981
2.992
3.004
3.016
3.028
3.040
3.052
3.065
3.078
3.091
3.104
3.117
3.131
3.144
3.158
3.172
3.186
3.201
3.215
3.230
3.245
3.260
3.275
3.302
3.306
3.321
3.337
3.353
3.369
3.385
3.401
3.418
3.434
3.451
3.468
3.485
3.502
3.519
3.537
3.554
3.572
3.589
3.607
3.625
3.643
J-7
30 BAF
1.683
1.689
1.695
1.702
1.708
1.715
1.723
1.728
1.735
1.743
1.750
1.757
1.764
1.772
1.780
1.788
1.795
1.803
1.811
1.819
1.827
1.836
1.844
1.852
1.861
1.870
1.885
1.887
1.896
1.905
1.914
1.923
1.933
1.942
1.951
1.961
1.970
1.980
1.990
1.999
2.009
2.019
2.029
2.039
2.049
2.059
2.070
2.080
40 BAF
1.451
1.456
1.462
1.467
1.473
1.479
1.484
1.490
1.496
1.502
1.509
1.515
1.521
1.528
1.534
1.541
1.548
1.555
1.561
1.568
1.575
1.583
1.590
1.597
1.605
1.612
1.626
1.627
1.635
1.643
1.650
1.658
1.666
1.674
1.682
1.691
1.699
1.707
1.715
1.724
1.732
1.741
1.749
1.758
1.767
1.776
1.784
1.793
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
Table J-6: Limiting Distance to Face of Tree and Slope Correction Factors for Various Basal
Area Factors (cont.)
% of Slope Correction
Slope
Factor
91
1.35207
92
1.35882
93
1.36561
94
1.37244
95
1.37931
96
1.38622
97
1.39316
98
1.40014
99
1.40716
100
1.41421
102
1.42843
103
1.43558
104
1.44278
105
1.45000
106
1.45726
107
1.46455
108
1.47187
109
1.47922
110
1.48661
111
1.49402
112
1.50147
113
1.50894
114
1.51644
115
1.52498
116
1.53154
117
1.53912
118
1.54674
119
1.55438
120
1.56205
121
1.56975
122
1.57747
123
1.58521
124
1.59298
125
1.60078
126
1.60860
127
1.61645
128
1.62432
129
1.63221
130
1.64012
131
1.64806
132
1.65602
133
1.66400
134
1.67200
135
1.68003
136
1.68808
137
1.69614
138
1.70423
139
1.71234
5 BAF
5.201
5.227
5.254
5.280
5.306
5.333
5.359
5.386
5.413
5.440
5.495
5.523
5.550
5.578
5.606
5.634
5.662
5.691
5.719
5.747
5.776
5.805
5.834
5.863
5.892
5.921
5.950
5.980
6.000
6.039
6.069
6.098
6.128
6.158
6.188
6.218
6.249
6.279
6.310
6.340
4.370
6.401
6.432
6.463
6.494
6.525
6.556
6.587
Combined Factor
15 BAF
20 BAF
2.979
2.572
2.993
2.584
3.008
2.597
3.023
2.610
3.039
2.623
3.054
2.637
3.069
2.650
3.085
2.663
3.100
2.676
3.116
2.690
3.147
2.717
3.163
5.730
3.178
2.744
3.194
2.758
3.210
2.772
3.226
2.786
3.243
2.799
3.259
2.813
3.275
2.828
3.291
2.842
3.308
2.856
3.324
2.870
3.341
2.884
3.357
2.899
3.374
2.913
3.391
2.927
3.407
2.942
3.424
2.956
3.441
2.971
3.458
2.985
3.475
3.000
3.492
3.015
3.509
3.030
3.527
3.045
3.544
3.060
3.561
3.074
3.578
3.089
3.595
3.104
3.613
3.120
3.631
3.135
3.648
3.150
3.666
3.165
3.683
3.180
3.701
3.195
3.719
3.211
3.737
3.226
3.754
3.241
3.772
3.257
10 BAF
3.661
3.680
3.698
3.717
3.735
3.754
3.773
3.792
3.811
3.830
3.868
3.888
3.907
3.927
3.946
3.966
3.986
4.006
4.026
4.046
4.066
4.086
4.107
4.127
4.147
4.168
4.189
4.209
4.230
4.251
4.272
4.293
4.314
4.335
4.356
4.377
4.399
4.420
4.441
4.463
4.485
4.506
4.528
4.550
4.571
4.593
4.615
4.637
J-8
30 BAF
2.090
2.101
2.111
2.122
2.132
2.143
2.154
2.165
2.175
2.186
2.208
2.219
2.231
2.242
2.253
2.264
2.276
2.287
2.298
2.310
2.321
2.333
2.344
2.356
2.368
2.379
2.391
2.403
2.415
2.427
2.439
2.451
2.463
2.475
2.487
2.499
2.511
2.523
2.536
2.546
2.560
2.573
2.585
2.597
2.261
2.622
2.635
2.647
40 BAF
1.802
1.811
1.820
1.829
1.839
1.848
1.857
1.866
1.876
1.885
1.904
1.914
1.923
1.933
1.943
1.952
1.962
1.972
1.982
1.992
2.001
2.011
2.021
2.031
2.042
2.052
2.062
2.072
2.082
2.092
2.103
2.113
2.123
2.134
2.144
2.155
2.165
2.176
2.186
2.197
2.207
2.218
2.229
2.239
2.250
2.261
2.272
2.283
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Table J-6: Limiting Distance to Face of Tree and Slope Correction Factors for Various Basal
Area Factors (cont.)
% of Slope Correction
Slope
Factor
140
1.72047
141
1.72861
142
1.73678
143
1.74497
144
1.75317
145
1.76139
146
1.76963
147
1.77789
148
1.78617
149
1.79446
5 BAF
6.619
6.650
6.681
6.713
6.744
6.776
6.808
6.840
6.871
6.903
Combined Factor
15 BAF
20 BAF
3.790
3.272
3.808
3.288
3.826
3.303
3.844
3.319
3.862
3.335
3.880
3.350
3.898
3.366
3.917
3.382
3.935
3.397
3.953
3.413
10 BAF
4.659
4.681
4.703
4.725
4.748
4.770
4.792
4.815
4.837
4.859
J-9
30 BAF
2.660
2.672
2.685
2.698
2.710
2.723
2.736
2.749
2.761
2.774
40 BAF
2.293
2.304
2.315
2.326
2.337
2.348
2.359
2.370
2.381
2.392
Appendix J: Variable Radius Plot
Region 3 Field Guide
This page intentionally left blank.
J-10
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
APPENDIX K: DAMAGE CATEGORIES, AGENTS,
SEVERITY RATINGS, AND TREE PARTS
Damage Categories
Code
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
30
40
41
42
50
60
70
71
80
90
99
Description
General Insects
Bark Beetles
Defoliators
Chewing Insects
Sucking Insects
Boring Insects
Seed/Cone/Flower/Fruit Insects
Gallmaker Insects
Insect Predators
General Diseases
Biotic Damage
Root/Butt diseases
Stem Decays/Cankers
Parasitic/Epiphytic Plants
Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts
Foliage Diseases
Stem Rusts
Broom Rusts
Fire
Animal damage, source unknown
Wild animals
Domestic Animals
Abiotic Damage
Competition
Human Activities
Harvest
Multi-Damage (Insect-Disease)
Unknown
Physical Effects
K-1
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Region 3 Field Guide
Damage Agents
Category
Agent
Common Name
Scientific Name
10
000
General Insects
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
001
Thrips
002
Tip moth
003
Wasp
007
Clerid beetle
Cleridae
008
Weevil
Curculionidae
011
Ant
Formicidae
012
Stick insect
Graeffea crovanii
014
Conifer swift moth
Korsheltellus gracilis
017
Bagworm moth
Psychidae
019
Scarab
Scarabaeidae
021
unknown
Steremnius carinatus
022
Pyralid moth
Thliptoceras octoquttale
023
Wood wasps
Siricidae spp.
11
000
Bark Beetles
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Unsuccessful bole attack: pitchout and beetle brood absent
2 = Strip attacks: galleries and brood present
3 = Successful current bole attack: galleries and brood present
4 = Topkill
5 = Successful attack last year
6 = Older dead
001
Roundheaded pine beetle
Dendroctonus adjunctus
002
Western pine beetle
Dendroctonus brevicomis
006
Mountain pine beetle
Dendroctonus ponderosae
007
Douglas-fir beetle
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae
009
Spruce beetle
Dendroctonus rufipennis
012
Red turpentine beetle
Dendroctonus valens
015
Western balsam bark beetle
Dryocoetes confusus
019
Pinon ips
Ips confusus
021
Sixspined ips
Ips calligraphus
024
unknown
Ips latidens
025
Arizona five-spined ips
Ips lecontei
029
Pine engraver
Ips pini
030
Ips engraver beetles
Ips spp.
035
Cedar bark beetles
Phloeosinus spp.
036
Western cedar bark beetle
Phloeosinus punctatus
037
Tip beetles
Pityogenes spp.
038
Douglas-fir twig beetle
Pityophthorus pseudotsugae
039
Twig beetles
Pityophthorus spp.
040
Foureyed spruce beetle
Polygraphus rufipennis
K-2
Region 3 Field Guide
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Common Name
Scientific Name
11 (cont.)
048
True fir bark beetles
050
Fir engraver
053
Four-eyed bark beetle
055
Spruce ips
056
Mexican pine beetle
12
000
Defoliators
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Light defoliation (1-25%), no topkill
2 = Light defoliation (1-25%), topkill ≤10%
3 = Light defoliation (1-25%), topkill >10%
4 = Moderate defoliation (26-75%), no topkill
5 = Moderate defoliation (26-75%), topkill ≤10%
6 = Moderate defoliation (26-75%), topkill >10%
7 = Heavy defoliation (76-100%), no topkill
8 = Heavy defoliation (76-100%), topkill ≤10%
9 = Heavy defoliation (76-100%), topkill >10%
001
Casebearer
002
Leaftier
003
Looper
004
Needleminer
005
Sawfly
006
Skeletonizer
008
Spanworm
009
Webworm
013
Whitefly
014
Fall cankerworm
015
Alder flea beetle
016
Mountain mahogany looper
037
Large aspen tortrix
040
Western spruce budworm
043
Aspen leaf beetle
044
Cottonwood leaf beetle
045
Leafhopper
050
Ponderosa needleminer
052
Pandora moth
054
Lace bugs
059
Walkingstick
066
White fir needleminer
067
Linden looper
069
Pine needleminer
072
Geometrid moth
075
Pale tussock moth
077
Brown day moth
078
Buck moth
082
Fall webworm
084
unknown
K-3
Scolytus spp.
Scolytus ventralis
Polygraphus spp.
Ips pilifrons
Dendroctonus mexicanus
Aleyrodoidae
Alsophila pometaria
Altica ambiens
Anacamptodes clivinaria profanata
Choristoneura conflictana
Choristoneura occidentalis
Chrysomela crotchi
Chrysomela scripta
Cicadellidae
Coleotechnites spp.
Coloradia pandora
Corythucha spp.
Diapheromera femorata
Epinotia meritana
Erannis tiliaria
Exoteleia pinifoliella
Geometridae
Halisidota tessellaris
Hemileuca eglanterina
Hemileuca maia
Hyphantria cunea
Lambdina punctat
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
12 (cont.)
085
094
097
098
099
123
154
155
156
160
162
165
166
171
172
174
175
176
190
191
192
193
194
195
Tent caterpillar moth
Western tent caterpillar
Southwestern tent caterpillar
Leafcutting bees
Blister beetle
Douglas-fir tussock moth
Bagworm
Leafroller/seed moth
Willow defoliation
Pine needle sheathminer
Cottonwood leaf beetle
Leaf roller
New Mexico fir looper
Pinon sawfly
unknown
Pine looper
unknown
unknown
Hickory tussock moth
Pin oak sawfly
Palmerworm
Pitch pine looper
Red pine sawfly
Pine tip moth
196
197
198
199
200
201
Region 3 Field Guide
Scientific Name
Baldcypress leafroller
Winter moth
Basswood thrips
Noctuid moth
Pyralid moth
Pacific silver fir budmoth
Lasiocampidae
Malacosoma californicum
Malacosoma incurvum
Megachilidae
Meloidae
Orgyia pseudotsugata
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis
Tortricidae
Tortricidae
Zelleria haimbachi
Chrysomela spp.
Epinotia solandriana
Gelenara cansimillis
Neodiprion edulicolus
Neodiprion gilletti
Phaeoura mexicanaria
Zadiprion rohweri
Zadiprion townsendi
Halisidota caryae
Caliroa lineata
Dichomeris ligulella
Lambdina athasaria pellucidaria
Neodiprion nanulus nanulus
Argyrotaenia pinatubana
Archips goyerana
Operophtera
Neohydatothrips
Xylomyges simplex (walker)
Palpita magniferalis
Zeiraphera sp. destitutana
13
000
Chewing Insects
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: bottlebrush or shortened leaders, 0-2 forks on stem, OR <20% of branches affected
2 = Severe: 3 or more forks on bole, OR 20% or more branches affected, OR terminal leader
dead
001
Grasshopper
002
Shorthorn grasshoppers
Acrididae
006
Cicadas
Cicadidae
019
Agamemnon butterfly
Papilio agememnon
020
Northern pitch twig moth
Petrova albicapitana
021
Ponderosa pine tip moth
Rhyacionia zozana
022
Pine needle weevil
Scythropus spp.
025
Unknown
Thrips madronii
029
Deodar weevil
Pissodes nemorensis
030
Adana tip moth
Rhyacionia adana
K-4
Region 3 Field Guide
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Common Name
Scientific Name
14
000
Sucking Insects
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: bottlebrush or shortened leaders, 0-2 forks on stem, OR <20% of branches affected
2 = Severe: 3 or more forks on bole, OR 20% or more branches affected, OR terminal leader
dead
001
Scale insect
006
Aphid
Aphididae
008
Western pine spittlebug
Aphrophora permutata
010
Spittlebug
Cercopidae
012
Pine needle scale
Chionaspis pinifoliae
014
Giant conifer aphids
Cinara spp.
034
Prescott scale
Matsucoccus vexillorum
017
Spruce aphid
Elatobium abietinum
022
Pine thrips
Gnophothrips spp.
029
Pinyon needle scale
Matsucoccus acalyptus
031
Pine twig scale
Matsucoccus californicus
032
Ponderosa pine scale
Matsucoccus degeneratus
035
Treehoopers
Membracidae
040
Spruce spider mite
Oligonychus ununquis
041
Twig girdler
Oncideres cingulata
050
Mealybug
Pseudococcidae
061
Pine tortoise scale
Toumeyella parvicornis
069
Elm scurfy scale
Chionaspis americana
15
000
Boring Insects
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: bottlebrush or shortened leaders, 0-2 forks on stem, OR <20% of branches affected
2 = Severe: 3 or more forks on bole, OR 20% or more branches affected, OR terminal leader
dead
001
Shoot borer
002
Termite
003
Ponderosa pine bark borer
Acanthocinus princeps
006
Bronze poplar borer
Agrilus liragus
007
Carpenter bees
Apidae
008
Flatheaded borer
Buprestidae
009
Golden buprestid
Buprestis aurulenta
010
Carpenter ants
Camponotus spp.
011
Gouty pitch midge
Cecidomyia piniinopis
013
Roundheaded borer
Cerambycidae
018
Carpenterworm moths
Cossidae
027
Ponderous borer
Ergates spiculatus
029
Western pine shoot borer
Eucosma sonomana
030
Eucosma species
Eucosma spp.
035
Powderpost beetle
Lyctidae
037
unknown
Magdalis spp.
039
Locust borer
Megacyllene robiniae
K-5
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
15 (cont.)
041
042
043
044
045
052
053
064
065
067
068
070
071
075
076
087
000
16
Common Name
Region 3 Field Guide
Scientific Name
Flatheaded fir borer
Whitespotted sawyer
Redheaded ash borer
Western ash borer
Oberea shoot borers
Ambrosia beetles
Cottonwood borer
Western pine tip moth
Nantucket pine tip moth
Southwestern pine tip moth
Poplar borer
Saperda shoot borer
Clearwing moths
Western cedar borer
Douglas-fir pitch moth
Emerald ash borer
Seed/Cone/Flower/Fruit
Insects
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
003
Limber pine cone beetle
005
Ponderosa pine cone beetle
008
White pine cone beetle
015
Fir coneworm
017
Pine coneworm
020
unknown
021
Dioryctria moths
023
Seed chalcid
025
Cone maggot
027
Ponderosa pine seed
worm/moth
028
Spruce seed moth
029
Boxelder bug
030
Leaffooted pine seed bug
031
Western conifer seed bug
034
Spruce seed chalcid
035
Ponderosa pine seed chalcid
037
Douglas-fir seed chalcid
042
Coneworm
043
Harvester ants
048
Coneworm
049
Prairie tent caterpillar
050
Jack pine tip beetle
K-6
Melanophila drummondi
Monochamus scutellatus
Neoclytus acuminutus
Neoclytus conjunctus
Oberea spp.
Platypus spp.
Plectrodera scalator
Rhyacionia bushnelli
Rhyacionia frustrana
Rhyacionia neomexicana
Saperda calcarata
Saperda spp.
Sesiidae
Trachykele blondeli
Vespamima novaroensis
Agrilus planipennis
Conophthorus flexilis
Conophthorus ponderosae
Conopthorus coniperda
Dioryctria abietivorella
Dioryctria auranticella
Dioryctria pseudotsugella
Dioryctria spp.
Eurytomidae
Hylemya anthracina
Laspeyresia piperana
Laspeyresia youngana
Leptocoris trivittatus
Leptoglossus corculus
Leptoglossus occidentalis
Megastigmus piceae
Megastigmus albifrons
Megastigmus spermotrophs
Phycitidae
Pogonomyrmex spp.
Hylemia spp.
Malacosoma lutescens
Conophthorus banksianae
Region 3 Field Guide
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Common Name
Scientific Name
17
000
Gallmaker Insects
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
003
Cooley spruce gall adelgid
006
Gall midge
008
Gall mite
013
Gall aphid
015
Psyllid
019
Spider mites
18
000
Insect Predators
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
001
Lacewing
002
Blackbellied clerid
003
Redbellied clerid
004
unknown
005
Western yellowjacket
19
000
General Diseases
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
20
000
Biotic Damage
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
001
Damping off
002
Gray mold
Adelges cooleyi
Cecidomyiidae
Eriophyidae
Phylloxeridae
Psyllidae
Oligonychus spp.
Enoclerus lecontei
Enoclerus sphegeus
Formica rufa
Vespula pennsylvanica
Botrytis cinerea
K-7
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
Region 3 Field Guide
Scientific Name
21
000
Root/Butt Diseases
SEVERITY RATING for trees
1 = Tree within 30 feet of tree with deteriorating crown, tree with diagnostic symptoms or signs,
or tree
killed by root disease
2 = Pathogen (sign) or diagnostic symptom detected - no crown deterioration
3 = Crown deterioration detected - no diagnostic symptoms or signs
4 = Both crown deterioration and diagnostic signs symptoms detected
5 = Bleeding present on bole
6 = Bleeding present on bole and adjacent mortality present
7 = Laboratory confirmed Sudden Oak Death
SEVERITY RATING for Setting Level
G2 =
Minor evidence of RDS on plot
G3 =
RDS present, canopy reduction less then 20%
G4 =
RDS present, canopy reduction 20-30 %
G5 =
RDS present, canopy reduction 30-50%
G6 =
RDS present, canopy reduction 50-57%, most ground area infested
G7 =
RDS present, 76+% canopy reduction
G8 =
Entire area infested with RDS, one or very few susceptible overstory trees
G9 =
Entire area infested with RDS, no susceptible overstory trees present
001
Armillaria root disease
Armillaria spp.
004
Brown crumbly rot
Fomitopsis pinicola
007
White mottled rot
Ganoderma applanatum
008
Ganoderma rot of hardwoods
Ganoderma lucidum
010
Annosus root disease
Heterobasidion annosum
012
Tomentosus root disease
Inonotus tomentosus
014
Black stain root disease
Ophiostoma wageneri
015
Schweinitzii butt rot
Phaeolus schweinitzii
024
Crown gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
027
Brown cubical rot
Laetiporus sulphureus
22
000
Stem Decays/Cankers
SEVERITY RATING
0 = 0-4% rotten
1 = 5-15% rotten
2 = 16-25% rotten
3 = 26-35% rotten
4 = 36-45% rotten
5 = 46-55% rotten
6 = 56-65% rotten
7 = 66-75% rotten
8 = 76-85% rotten
9 = 86-100% rotten
001
Heart rot
002
Stem rot
003
Sap rot
004
Slime flux
K-8
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
22 (cont.)
005
006
007
008
012
013
024
025
Virus
Black knot of cherry
Atropellis canker
Siberian elm canker
Black canker of aspen
Sycamore canker stain
Gray-brown saprot
Cryptosphaeria canker of
aspen
Cytospora canker of fir
Western red rot
Rust-red stringy rot
Sooty-bark canker
Amelanchier rust
Cedar apple rust
Hypoxylon canker of oak
Hypoxylon canker of aspen
Canker rot of oak
Sterile conk trunk rot of birch
Red ring rot
Aspen trunk rot
Stem decay of black walnut
Phomopsis canker
Leyland cypress canker
Maple canker
Cytospora canker of aspen
Red belt fungus
Brown heartrot
Purple conk
False tinder fungus
Yellow cap fungus
Oyster mushroom
Cedar brown pocket rot
Lachnellula canker
Strumella canker
Phomopsis blight
Fusarium canker of yellow
poplar
Sterile conk of maple and
beech
Canker of spruce
Birch conk
Canker
026
027
028
029
035
036
037
038
039
040
047
048
049
051
052
054
057
059
062
065
068
070
071
074
075
076
077
078
079
080
081
082
Scientific Name
K-9
Apiosporina morbosa
Atropellis piniphila
Botryodiplodia hypodermia
Ceratocystis fimbriata
Ceratocystis fimbriata f.sp. plataini
Cryptoporus volvatus
Cryptosphaeria populina
Cytospora abietis
Dichomitus squalens
Echinodontium tinctorium
Encoelia pruinosa
Gymnosporangium harknessianum
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
Hypoxylon atropunctatum
Hypoxylon mammatum
Inonotus hispidus
Inonotus obliquus
Phellinus pini
Phellinus tremulae
Phellinus weirianus
Phomopsis spp.
Seiridium cardinale
Steganosporium spp.
Cytospora chrysosperma
Fomitopsis pinicola
Fomitopsis Officinalis
Hirschioporus abietinus
Phellinus igniarius
Pholiota spp.
Pleurotus ostreatus
Poria sericeomollis
Lachnellula flavovirens
Strumella coryneoidea
Phomopsis juniperovora
Fusarium solani
Inonotus glomeratus
Aleurodiscus spp.
Piptoporus betulinusai
Discocainia treleasei
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
Region 3 Field Guide
Scientific Name
23
000
Parasitic/epiphytic plants
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Hawksworth tree DMR rating = 1; light infection
2 = Hawksworth tree DMR rating = 2; light infection
3 = Hawksworth tree DMR rating = 3; medium infection
4 = Hawksworth tree DMR rating = 4; medium infection
5 = Hawksworth tree DMR rating = 5; heavy infection
6 = Hawksworth tree DMR rating = 6; heavy infection
7 = Vine damage: less than 50% of crown involved
8 = Vine damage: 50% or more of crown involved
001
Mistletoe
002
Parasitic plants
003
Vine damage
005
White fir dwarf mistletoe
Arceuthobium abietinumf. sp. concoloris
007
Apache dwarf mistletoe
Arceuthobium apachecum
010
Pinyon dwarf mistletoe
Arceuthobium divaricatum
011
Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe
Arceuthobium douglasii
012
Chihuahua pine dwarf
Arceuthobium gillii
mistletoe
014
Western spruce dwarf
Arceuthobium microcarpum
mistletoe
017
Southwestern dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. crytopodum
018
Dodder
Cuscuta spp.
019
White fir mistletoe
Phoradendron bolleanum subsp. pauciflorum
020
True mistletoe (other)
022
Juniper true mistletoe
Phoradendron juniperum
24
000 Decline
Complexes/Dieback/Wilts
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: minor crown symptoms
2 = Severe: severe crown symptoms
007
Complex
008
Decline
009
Fall hardwood defoliator
complex
010
Joga decline
011
Larch decline
012
Looper; abiotic complex
013
Maple decline
014
Oak decline
016
Sprout dieback
017
True fir pest complex
023
Bacterial wetwood
Erwinia nimipressuralis
026
unknown
Xylella fastidiosa
027
Wetwood
030
Elm phloem necrosis
Mycoplasma
K-10
Region 3 Field Guide
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Common Name
Scientific Name
25
000
Foliage Diseases
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: <20% of foliage affected or <20% of crown in brooms
2 = Severe: >20% of foliage affected or >20% of crown in brooms
001
Blight
002
Broom rust
003
Juniper blights
004
Leaf spots
005
Needlecast
006
Powdery mildew
009
True fir needlecast
010
Sycamore anthracnose
Apiognomonia veneta
011
Cercospora blight of juniper
Cercospora sequoiae
014
Ink spot of aspen
Ciborinia whetzelii
015
Pine needle rust
Coleosporium spp.
016
Anthracnose on Russian olive
Colletotrichum spp.
017
Coronado limb rust
Cronartium arizonicum
022
Elytroderma disease
Elytroderma deformans
023
Fire blight
Erwinia amylovora
025
Anthracnose
Gnomonia spp.
027
Brown felt blight
Herpotrichia juniperi
031
Spruce needle cast
Lirula macrospora
032
Fir needle cast
Lirula spp.
033
White pine needle cast
Lophodermella arcuata
034
Lophodermella needle cast
Lophodermella spp.
035
Lophodermium needle cast
Lophodermium spp.
036
Marssonina blight
Marssonina populi
037
Melampsora rusts
Melampsora medusae
040
Dothistroma needle blight
Mycosphaerella pini
041
Brown felt blight of pines
Neopeckia coulteri
042
Snow blight
Phacidum abietis
044
Phoma blight
Phoma spp.
045
Phyllosticta leaf spot
Phyllosticta spp.
046
Bud rot
Phytophthora palmivora
050
Douglas-fir needle cast
Rhabdocline spp.
059
Leaf blister of oak
Taphrina caerulescens
061
Shepherd’s crook
Venturia tremulae
062
Dothistroma needle blight
Dothistroma septospora
064
Broom rust
Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli
066
Cedar leaf blight
Gymnosporangium nootkatense
067
Spruce needle cast
Lophodermium picea
068
Hardwood leaf rusts
Melampsora spp.
071
Spruce needle cast
Rhizosphaera pini
072
Sirococcus shoot blight
Sirococcus strobilinus
073
Shephards crook
Venturia populina
074
Delphinella shoot blight
Delphinella abietis
075
Tar spot
Rhytisma acerinum
K-11
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
Region 3 Field Guide
Scientific Name
26
000
Stem Rusts
1 = Branch infections located greater than 2 feet from tree bole
2 = Branch infections located between 6 inches and 2 feet from tree bole
3 = Bole infections or branch infections located within 6 inches of bole
4 = Topkill
001
White pine blister rust
Cronartium ribicola
002
Western gall rust
Peridermium harknessii
004
Comandra blister rust
Cronartium comandrae
005
Pinyon blister rust
Cronartium occidentale
012
Limb rust
Peridermium filamentosum
013
Southern cone rust
Cronartium strobilinum
27
000
Broom Rusts
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: <20% of crown in brooms
2 = Severe >20% of crown in brooms
001
Spruce broom rust
Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli
003
Juniper broom rust
Gymnosporangium nidus-avis
004
Fir broom rust
Melampsorella caryophyllacearum
30
000
Fire
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
031
Wild-fire
032
Human caused fire
033
Crown fire damage
034
Ground fire damage
40
000
Animal damage, source unknown
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
41
000
Wild Animals
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: <20% of crown affected, bole damage is <50% circumference
2 = Severe: >20% of crown affected, bole damage is >50% circumference, upper 1/3 of crown is
killed
4 = Earthworms are present
5 = Earthworms are absent
001
Bear
002
Beaver
003
Big game (deer)
004
Mice or voles
005
Pocket gophers
006
Porcupines
007
Rabbits or hares
008
Sapsucker
009
Squirrels
010
Woodpeckers
011
Moose
K-12
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
012
013
014
015
016
17
Common Name
Scientific Name
Elk
Deer
Feral pigs
Mountain beaver
Deer or elk
Lumbricidae
Earthworm
42
000
Domestic Animals
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor <20% of crown affected, bole damage is <50% circumference
2 = Severe: >20% of crown affected, bole damage is >50% circumference, upper 1/3 of crown is
killed
001
Cattle
002
Goats
003
Horses
004
Sheep
50
000
Abiotic Damage
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: <20% of crown affected, bole damage is <50% circumference
2 = Severe: >20% of crown affected, bole damage is >50% circumference, upper 1/3 of crown is
killed
001
Air pollutants
002
Chemical
003
Drought
004
Flooding/high water
005
Frost
006
Hail
007
Heat
008
Lightning
009
Nutrient imbalances
010
Radiation
011
Snow/ice
013
Wind-tornado
014
Winter injury
015
Avalanche
016
Mud-land slide
017
Volcano
018
Other geologic events
019
Mechanical (non-human caused)
60
000
Competition
SEVERITY RATING
1 = Minor: tree slightly deformed and has some live, terminal growth
2 = Severe: tree extremely deformed or has no live terminal, growth severely reduced relative to
neighbors
K-13
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
Region 3 Field Guide
Scientific Name
70
000
Human Activities
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
001
Herbicides
003
Imbedded objects
004
Improper planting technique
005
Land clearing
006
Land use conversion
007
Logging damage
008
Mechanical
009
Pesticides
010
Roads
011
Soil compaction
012
Suppression
013
Vehicle damage
014
Road salt
K-14
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
Scientific Name
71
000
Harvest
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
80
000
Multi-Damage (Insect/Disease)
SEVERITY RATING
1 = minor
2 = severe
001
Aspen defoliation
002
Subalpine fir mortality
004
Pinion pine decline
99
Physical Effects
001
Broken top
002
003
Dead top
Limby (large limbs top to bottom)
007
Checks, bole cracks
004
005
006
008
009
010
011
012
013
014
015
016
017
018
019
020
021
Forked top
Forked below merch top
Crook or sweep
Foliage discoloration
Mortality (for plantation surveys
only)
Lack of seed source
(for plantation surveys only)
Poor planting stock source
(for plantation surveys only)
Poor growth/fading/foliage is
yellowing and loss of needles is
occurring
Total board foot volume loss
Total cubic foot volume loss
Bark removal
Foliage loss
Sunscald
Uproot
Scorched foliage
Scorched bark
Dieback source
(for plantation surveys only)
K-15
% of original height that is missing. For
example, if a tree was originally 100 feet
high, but 15 feet of the top is broken or
missing, enter “15” in the severity code.
% of total tree height that is dead
% of total tree height with many
limbs/knots
% of total tree height above fork
% of the total length of the bole affected
% of total tree height, which contains
the crook or sweep
% of total tree height, which contains a
crack or check
% of foliage discolored
1 = dead tree
If present, 100%
If present, 100%
1 = minor (reduced growth)
2 = severe (affecting survival)
% of total board foot volume loss
% of total cubic foot volume loss
% of tree circumference missing bark
1 = minor
2 = severe
1 = minor
2 = severe
1 = uprooted tree
% of foliage scorched
% of bark scorched
1 = minor
2 = severe
Appendix K: Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts
Damage Agents (cont.)
Category
Agent
Common Name
Scientific Name
022
Poor crown form
031
033
Broken or dead branches
Damaged shoots, buds, or foliage
(for plantation surveys only)
Excessively deformed sapling
Fire scar
Leaning tree
Charred bark
023
026
034
036
037
038
Severe forking
Open wound
Tree Parts
Code
UN
TO
FO
LI
BO
BA
RO
WT
TT
MT
BT
Region 3 Field Guide
Description
Unspecified
Top
Foliar (crown)
Limb
Bole, other than Top or Base
Base
Roots
Whole Tree
Top Third of Crown
Middle Third of Crown
Bottom Third of Crown
K-16
1 = minor
2 = severe
% of bole with forks
% of bole or trunk affected using the
height and width of the wound. For
example, if a tree is 100 feet tall and the
wound covers 15 feet of the bole, enter a
value of “15.”
% of branches broken or dead
1 = minor
2 = severe
% of sapling deformed
% of bole covered by fire scar
% lean from vertical
Not recorded unless cambium is killed from
heating
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix L: Accuracy Standards
APPENDIX L: ACCURACY STANDARDS
Settings Measurements
Field
Project Name
Region
Proclaimed Forest
District
Location
Stand Number
Ownership
State
County
Administrative Forest
Date
Photo ID
Exam Level
Exam Purpose
Stratum
Existing Vegetation Composition Type
Potential Vegetation Reference
Potential Vegetation
Structure
Capable Growing Area
Fuel Model
Elevation
Aspect
Slope
Slope Position
Acres
Radial Growth Interval
Radial Growth Interval #2
Height Growth Interval
Fuel Photo Reference
Precision Protocol
Examiner
Stand Remarks
Damage Category
Damage Agent
Damage Severity
Species of Management Interest
Sketch Map and Traverse Notes
Tolerance
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
± 10 Percent
No Errors
± 2 Contour Intervals
± 45 degrees
± 10 Percent
± 1 class
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
L-1
Appendix L: Accuracy Standards
Region 3 Field Guide
Sample Design Criteria
Field
Form Type
Selection Method Type
Sample Expansion Factor
Plots Installed
Sub population Filter
Starting Azimuth
Sample Design Remarks
Selection Criteria Number
Sub pop Variable
Sub pop Minimum Value
Sub pop Maximum Value
Tolerance
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
Plot Data
Field
Plot Number
Plot Latitude
Plot Longitude
Capable Grow Area
Plot Aspect
Plot Slope
Slope Position
Slope Horizontal Shape
Slope Vertical Shape
Plot Elevation
Existing Vegetation
Potential Vegetation
Plot History
Plot History Date
Fuel Model
Residual Descriptive Code
Distance to Seed wall
Plot Remarks
Tolerance
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
± 10 Percent
± 45°
± 10 Percent
± 1 Class
± 1 Class
± 1 Class
± 2 Contour Intervals
No Errors
Accurate to series understory union and phases
No Errors
Year required if field 12 is other than code 10 or
blank
No Errors
No Errors
± 100 feet
L-2
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix L: Accuracy Standards
Tree Data
Field
Plot Number
Tag ID Number
Tree Status
Site/Growth
Trees
Tree Species
Tree Count
Tolerance
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors allowed in recognizing and coding down trees
No Errors
No Errors
Height
Range
*All
<0.5 feet
<0.5 feet
>0.5 feet
>0.5 feet
All
All
All
Diameter
Range
All
<0.5 in.
<0.5 in
.5" - breakpoint d.b.h
.5" - breakpoint d.b.h.
breakpoint d.b.h. +
Trees
on Point
0
1-5
6+
1-5
6+
1-5
6+
1+
Tolerance
0 trees
± 2 trees
± 50%
± 1 tree
± 20%
± 1 tree
± 10%
0 trees
*There is no tolerance for recording a tree when none are actually present
in any of the above size classes. The recording of a fixed plot tree when
none are present will result in a single discrepancy.
The recording of a variable plot tree when none are present will result in
an unacceptable unit.
Number Stems
DBH/DRC
Height
Height to Crown
Radial Growth
Radial Growth #2
Height Growth
1/ Grouping criteria are standardized to facilitate stand exam contract
inspection and payment. However, distinguishing characteristics other
than tree class, species, and size class may warrant individual tree
recording or more refined grouping criteria. Such characteristics include
age, crown ratio, crown class, or incidence of damage.
No Errors
No Errors
<.5 inch
± .1 Inch
.5 inch - 13.9 inches
± .2 Inch
14.0 inches - 23.9 inches
± .3 Inch
24.0 inches - 34.9 inches
± .5 Inch
35.0 inches +
± .1 Inch
Borderline variable plot trees
± 1 Inch
Estimated DRC
± 10 %
± 10 %
± 1/20 inch
± 1/20 inch
± 1 foot
trees >6 feet
± 0.1 foot
trees ≤6 feet
L-3
Appendix L: Accuracy Standards
Region 3 Field Guide
Tree Data (cont.)
Field
Tree Age
Crown Ratio
Crown Class
Crown width
Wildlife Use
Log/Snag Decay
Cone Serotiny
Damage Category
Damage Category
11
12
13-17
21
22
25
41-42
Tolerance
± 10% (Based on actual tree ring count at breast height for trees
> 3.0" DBH otherwise based on total age recorded.)
± 10 %
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
Damage Category Description
Bark Beetles
Defoliators
Other Insects
Root/Butt Diseases
Stem Decays/Cankers
Foliage Diseases
Animal Damage
50
Abiotic Damage
70
Human Damage
Damage Agent
Damage Part
Damage Severity
Tree Remarks
Ground Surface Cover
Field
Plot Number
Cover Type
Cover Percent
Tolerance
No Errors
No Errors
± 10 Percent
L-4
Tolerance
No misses on live trees with a severity of 2
or greater.
No misses on live trees with a severity of 3
or greater.
No misses of shoot moths or weevils on live
trees.
No misses on live trees with a severity of 2
or greater.
No misses on live trees with a severity of 3
or greater.
No misses on Elytroderma on live trees.
No misses on live trees with terminal leader
damage or with greater than 1/4 of bole
circumference affected.
No misses on wind, snow, or ice bending,
breakage, or bole cracks and frost damage
to shoots on trees less than 1-inch diameter
and lightning.
No misses on live trees for logging damage
or fire if the damage affects greater than 1/4
of the bole circumference or if an open
wound is in contact with the ground.
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix L: Accuracy Standards
Vegetation Composition
Field
Plot Number
Live /Dead
Layer
Life form
Species
Minimum Height
Average Height
Maximum Height
Canopy Cover
Average Diameter
Maturity
Cover Remarks
User Field
Tolerance
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Errors
No Error in species level identification for dominant, common or
community type indicator plants. No plant name can be repeated within
a layer.
± 10% of Height
± 10% of Height
± 10% of Height
± 10 Percent
No Errors
No Errors
Down Woody
Field
Plot Number
First Duff
Second Duff
Fuel Depth
Twigs 0 - .24
Twigs .25 - .99
Branch 1.0 - 2.99
Volume 1
Weight 1
Volume 2
Weight 2
Volume 3
Weight 3
Volume 4
Weight 4
Piece Count
Decay Class
Diameter
Piece Length
Tolerance
No Errors
± 1/2 inch
± 1/2 inch
No Errors
± 40%
± 30%
± 20%
No missed pieces
No Errors
± 1 inch on measurements
No Errors
L-5
Appendix L: Accuracy Standards
Region 3 Field Guide
This page intentionally left blank.
L-6
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix M: Glossary of Terms
APPENDIX M: GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Aspect
Term
Azimuth
Basal Area
Bole Length
Breast Height
CALVEG
Canopy Cover
Compacted Live
Crown Ratio
Compartment
Crown Class
Crown Length
Crown Ratio
DEM
Definition
A position facing or commanding a given direction; exposure. Aspect is
the compass direction of the prevailing slope with respect to true north.
A horizontal angular measure from true north to an object of interest.
The cross-sectional area of the stem or stems of a plant or of all plants in
a stand, generally expressed as square units per unit area. For trees,
measured at 4.5 feet above ground, for forbs and grasses, measured at
the root crown.
The straight-line distance measured parallel to the main bole of a tree,
from its base to its tip.
A point located on the uphill side of the main stem, by measuring 4.5 feet
along the uphill side of the bole from ground level or the predominant
root collar. Preclude slight, non-compacted litter accumulations when
establishing breast height.
Classification and Assessment with LANDSAT of Visible Ecological
Groupings. It is a California-wide system for classifying vegetative and
non-vegetative cover types. The primary cover type relates to life form
and uses a 3-character alpha code.
The percent of a fixed area covered by the crown of an individual plant
species or delimited by the vertical projection of its outermost perimeter;
small openings in the crown are included.
The percent of the total height of the tree that supports a full, live crown.
For trees that have uneven length crowns, occularly transfer lower
branches to fill holes in the upper portions of the crown, until a full, even
crown is created.
A land area, usually between 3,000 and 8,000 acres, easily identified on
the ground by physical features. A compartment is comparable in size to
a sub-watershed, or landscape management unit. It is used as a
convenience for maintaining stand records and planning vegetation
management projects.
The relative position of the tree or shrub crown with respect to the
competing vegetation around it. Crown class for each tree or shrub is
judged in the context of its immediate environment, that its, those trees
or shrubs which are competing for sunlight with the subject tree or
shrub.
The vertical distance from the top of the leader to the base of the crown,
measured to the lowest live branch-whorl with live branches in at least 3
quadrants, and continuous with the main crown.
The ratio of compacted live crown length to bole length. Lengths are
measured parallel to the bole from the base of the tree to the tip.
Digital Elevation Model. USGS geographic elevation data distributed in
raster form. Digital representation of the shape of the earth’s surface.
Typically, digital elevation data consists of arrays of values that represent
topographic elevations measured at equal intervals on the Earth’s
surface.
M-1
Appendix M: Glossary of Terms
Region 3 Field Guide
Glossary of Terms (cont.)
Term
Diameter
Diameter at Breast
Height (DBH)
Diameter at Root
Collar (DRC)
Down Log
Down Woody
Material
Duff Layer
Elevation
Fuel Bed
Fuel Model
GPS
Ground Level
Group Talley
Growth
Height Growth
Intersect Diameter
Definition
The length of a straight-line segment passing through the center of an
item and terminating at its periphery.
A measure at breast height (4.5 feet), outside bark, of the tree bole,
perpendicular to the tree bole.
The straight line passing through the center of a cross section of a bole
measured at the root collar of a shrub or tree.
Stem material (conifer or hardwood) that is lying on the ground. If a
stem material is leaning more than 45 degrees from vertical, is not selfsupporting, and/or in contact with the ground, it is considered a down
log.
Woody pieces of trees and shrubs that have been uprooted (no longer
supporting growth) or severed from their root system, are not selfsupporting, and are lying on the ground.
Duff is the fermentation and humus layer of the forest floor. It does not
include the freshly cast material in the litter layer. The top of the duff is
where needles, leaves, and other cast-off vegetative material have
noticeably begun to decompose. Individual particles usually will be
bound by fungi mycelium. When moss is present, the top of the duff is
just below the green portion of the moss. The bottom of the duff is the
start of the soil (“A” horizon).
Vertical distance from a datum, usually mean sea level, to a point or
object on the earth’s surface. Not to be confused with altitude, which
refers to points above the earth’s surface.
The fuel bed is the accumulation of dead, woody residue on the forest
floor. It begins at the top of the duff layer and above. It includes litter,
dead limbwood and bolewood from tree species, as well as dead material
from shrub, herbaceous, and grass species.
Mathematical descriptions of fuel properties (e.g., fuel load and fuel
depth) that are used as inputs to calculations of fire danger indices and
fire behavior potential.
Global Positioning System. A network of radio-emitting satellites
deployed by the U.S. Department of Defense. Ground-based GPS
receivers can automatically derive accurate surface coordinates for all
kinds of GIS, mapping, and surveying data collection.
The forest floor, made up by soil and duff layer. It does not include
unincorporated woody debris that may rise above the ground line. In
reference to a point of measure, it is the highest point of the ground
touching the base of the object being referenced.
A count of one or more items of the same type or species and recorded as
a single line entry.
A measure of the increase in growth layers for a specified time frame.
The increase in height over a set period of time.
Measurement of diameter at a point where the sampling plane intersects
the geometric center of the object being tallied. No adjustment is made
for stem irregularities at the point of intersection.
M-2
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix M: Glossary of Terms
Glossary of Terms (cont.)
Term
Lean (Tree)
Length
Life Form
Limiting Distance
Live Crown Length
Ownership
Plant Species
Plot Configuration
Plot
Proclaimed Forest
Quadratic Mean
Diameter
Radial Growth
Increment
Random Sample
Reconciliation Code
Slope
Species
Stand
Definition
The deflection from vertical, > 15 degrees of a straight line passing
through the geometric center of the base and top of the main stem.
The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest
dimension.
Species and individuals that are grouped into classes on the basis of their
similarities in structure and function. A growth form that displays an
obvious relationship to important environmental factors.
A comparative measurement between the subplot radius and the
distance from the subplot center to the center of the object. The
comparison is used to determine whether the object is IN or OUT of the
fixed area subplot.
IN - The object is “in” if the measured distance is equal to or less than the
subplot radius.
OUT - The object is “out” if the measured distance is greater than the
subplot radius.
The straight-line distance measured parallel to the main bole of a tree,
from the top of the live crown to the base of the live crown.
The identification of the legal owner/administrator on both the surface
and subsurface estates.
The major subdivision of a genus or subgenus of a plant being described
or measured.
The size and shape of the sampling unit (plot) and the spatial
arrangement of subplots within that unit.
A sub-sample of a plot or stand exam. This is the unit on which data are
recorded to individual trees, snags, logs, understory vegetation, and fuels.
Data can be collected on either a fixed area or variable radius area.
Units of the National Forest System as originally proclaimed or
designated by Congress.
The diameter of the tree of average basal area.
The increase in tree radius over a period of time at breast height, or
occasionally at the base.
Any method of sample selection based on the theory of probability
(degree of certainty). At any stage of the operation of selection, the
probability of any set of units being selected must be known. It is the
only method that can provide a measure of precision of the estimate.
A code used to reflect the status of an individually tallied item with
regards to previous surveys.
A deviation from the horizontal.
A code that represents a fundamental category of taxonomic
classification of an organism.
A spatially continuous group of trees and associated vegetation having
similar structures and growing under similar soil and climatic conditions.
M-3
Appendix M: Glossary of Terms
Region 3 Field Guide
Glossary of Terms (cont.)
Term
Stand Exam Grid
Stratified Sample
Stratum
Stump
Tree
Tree Age
Definition
Basic data collection method for stand exams. It consists of a set of plots,
separated by equal distances on a grid pattern. The lines of the grid
(transects) are oriented in cardinal directions. There is a predetermined
distance between plots. The number of transects and grid plots will vary
depending upon the size and shape of the stand.
A method of sampling forest resources where stands or polygons of
similar properties are lumped into strata. This improves the efficiency of
an inventory by reducing the variability within a given population. The
less variability there is within a strata the fewer samples will need to be
taken to achieve a statistically valid result.
A group of stands within a condition class; similar characteristics such as
forest type, tree size class, and canopy density.
The woody base of a tree remaining in contact with the soil after the
trunk or main stem has been severed at a point less than 4.5 feet above
ground height (measured on the uphill side).
A woody perennial plant, typically large, with a single well-defined stem
carrying a more or less definite crown.
Total age of the above ground stem of a tree (not age of the root stock or
the total age from seed). Total age is usually the annual ring count to the
pith of the tree at breast height plus an estimate of the number of years it
took the tree to reach breast height.
M-4
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix N: Fuel Models
APPENDIX N: FUEL MODELS
The original 13 fuel models are from “Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating Fire
Behavior”, Hal E. Anderson, INT-122, 1982. The remaining fuel models are from “Standard Fire
Behavior Fuel Models: A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel’s Surface Fire Spread Model”
by Joe H. Scott and Robert E. Burgan. RMRS –GTR-153. June 2005.
Fuel
Model
Fuel
Fuel Model Name
Model
Code
1
Short grass (1 foot)
2
3
Timber (grass and
understory)
Tall grass (2.5 feet)
5
Brush (2 feet)
4
Chaparral (6 feet)
6
Dormant brush,
hardwood slash
Southern rough
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
91
NB1
Closed timber litter
Hardwood litter
Timber (litter and
understory)
Light logging slash
Medium logging slash
Heavy logging slash
Urban/Developed
93
NB3
Agricultural
92
98
99
101
102
103
NB2
NB4
NB5
GR1
GR2
GR3
Snow/Ice
Open Water
Bare Ground
Short, Sparse Dry
Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
Low Load, Dry Climate
Grass (Dynamic)
Low Load, Very Coarse,
Humid Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
Fuel Type
Model Set
Fuel
1-Hr
Fuel
10Hr
Fuel
100Hr
Fuel
Bed
Depth
Grass and grassdominated
Grass and grassdominated
Grass and grassdominated
Chaparral and
shrub fields
Chaparral and
shrub fields
Chaparral and
shrub fields
Chaparral and
shrub fields
Timber litter
Timber litter
Timber litter
Original 13
0.74
0
0
1
Original 13
3.01
0
0
2.50
Slash
Slash
Slash
Nonburnable
Nonburnable
Nonburnable
Nonburnable
Nonburnable
Grass
Grass
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Original 13
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Grass
N-1
2
5.01
1
1.50
1.13
1.50
2.92
3.01
1.50
4.01
7.01
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.10
0.10
1
4.010
0.500
2.500
1.870
1
0.410
2
4.51
14.03
23.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.40
0.500
2
0
2
1.500
2.500
0.150
5.010
5.510
16.53
28.05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
2
2.50
2.50
0.20
0.20
1
1
2.30
3
0
0
0
0
0
0.40
1
2
Appendix N: Fuel Models
Fuel Models (cont.)
Region 3 Field Guide
Fuel
Model
Fuel
Fuel Model Name
Model
Code
Fuel Type
Model Set
Fuel
1-Hr
Fuel
10Hr
Fuel
100Hr
Fuel
Bed
Depth
104
GR4
Grass
0.25
0
0
2
105
GR5
Scott and
Burgan
0.40
0
0
1.50
106
GR6
Scott and
Burgan
0.10
0
0
1.50
107
GR7
Scott and
Burgan
1
0
0
3
109
GR9
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
1
1
0
5
121
GS1
0.20
0
0
0.90
123
GS3
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
0.30
0.250
0
1.80
124
GS4
Scott and
Burgan
1.90
0.300
0.100
2.10
141
SH1
Scott and
Burgan
0.25
0.250
0
1
143
SH3
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
0.45
3
0
2.40
108
122
142
144
145
146
147
148
149
GR8
GS2
SH2
SH4
SH5
SH6
SH7
SH8
SH9
Moderate Load, Dry
Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
Low Load, Humid
Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
Moderate Load, Humid
Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
High Load, Dry Climate
Grass (Dynamic)
High Load, Very Coarse,
Humid Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
Very High Load, Humid
Climate Grass
(Dynamic)
Low Load, Dry Climate
Grass-Shrub (Dynamic)
Moderate Load, Dry
Climate Grass-Shrub
(Dynamic)
Moderate Load, Humid
Climate Grass-Shrub
(Dynamic)
High Load, Humid
Climate Grass-Shrub
(Dynamic)
Low Load, Dry Climate
Shrub (Dynamic)
Moderate Load, Dry
Climate Shrub
Moderate Load, Humid
Climate Shrub
Low Load, Humid
Climate Timber-Shrub
High Load, Dry Climate
Shrub
Low Load, Humid
Climate Shrub
Very High Load, Dry
Climate Shrub
High Load, Humid
Climate Shrub
Very High Load, Humid
Climate Shrub
(Dynamic)
Grass
Grass
Grass
Grass
Grass
Grass-Shrub
Grass-Shrub
Grass-Shrub
Grass-Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
N-2
Scott and
Burgan
0.50
0.50
1.35
0.85
3.60
2.90
3.50
2.05
4.50
1
0.500
2.400
1.150
2.100
1.450
5.300
3.400
2.450
0
0
0.750
0.200
0
0
2.200
0.850
0
4
1.50
1
3
6
2
6
3
4.40
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix N: Fuel Models
Fuel Models (cont.)
Fuel
Model
Fuel
Fuel Model Name
Model
Code
Fuel Type
Model Set
Fuel
1-Hr
Fuel
10Hr
Fuel
100Hr
Fuel
Bed
Depth
161
TU1
0.900
1.500
0.60
TU2
Scott and
Burgan
0.20
162
TimberUnderstory
0.95
1.800
1.250
1
164
TU4
4.50
0
0
0.50
181
TL1
1
2.200
3.600
0.20
SlashBlowdown
SlashBlowdown
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
5.50
2.750
3
1.20
SlashBlowdown
Scott and
Burgan
5.25
3.500
5.250
2.70
163
165
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
201
202
TU3
TU5
TL2
TL3
TL4
TL5
TL6
TL7
TL8
TL9
SB1
SB2
203
SB3
204
SB4
Low Load, Dry Climate
Timber-Grass-Shrub
(Dynamic)
Moderate Load, Humid
Climate Timber-Shrub
Moderate Load, Humid
Climate Timber-GrassShrub (Dynamic)
Dwarf Conifer With
Understory
Very High Load, Dry
Climate Timber-Shrub
Low Load Compact
Conifer Litter
Low Load Broadleaf
Litter
Moderate Load Conifer
Litter
Small Downed Logs
High Load Conifer
Litter
Moderate Load
Broadleaf Litter
Large Downed Logs
Long-Needle Litter
Very High Load
Broadleaf Litter
Low Load Activity Fuel
Moderate Load Activity
Fuel or Low Load
Blowdown
High Load Activity Fuel
or Moderate Load
Blowdown
High Load Blowdown
TimberUnderstory
TimberUnderstory
TimberUnderstory
TimberUnderstory
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
Timber Litter
SlashBlowdown
N-3
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
Scott and
Burgan
1.10
4
1.40
0.50
0.50
1.15
2.40
0.30
5.80
6.65
1.50
4.50
0.150
4
2.300
2.200
1.500
2.500
1.200
1.400
1.400
3.300
3
4.250
0.250
3
2.200
2.800
4.200
4.400
1.200
8.100
1.100
4.150
11
4
1.30
1
0.200
0.30
0.40
0.60
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.60
1
1
Appendix N: Fuel Models
Region 3 Field Guide
Detailed Description of the Fuel Models
Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
91
Detailed Description
Contains fine, very porous, and continuous herbaceous fuels that have cured or are nearly cured.
Generally less than one-third of the area contains shrubs or timber. Grasslands and savanna are
represented along with stubble, grass-tundra, and grass-shrub combinations. Annual and perennial grasses
are included in this fuel model.
Herbaceous material with litter and dead-down stem wood from the open shrub or timber overstory. Open
shrub lands and pine stands or scrub oak stands that cover one-third to two-thirds of the area. Stand may
include clumps and may include pinyon-juniper.
Stands are tall, averaging about three feet, but considerable variation may occur. Approximately one-third
or more of the stand is considered dead and cured. May include cultivated grains that have not been
harvested, tall prairie, and marshland grasses.
Stands of mature shrubs, 6 feet or more tall such as California mixed chaparral, the high pocosin along the
east coast, the pine barrens of New Jersey, or the closed jack pine stands of the north-central states.
Besides flammable foliage, stand may contain dead woody material. May contain a deep litter layer.
Shrubs are young with little dead material, and the foliage contains little volatile material. Usually shrubs
are short and almost totally cover the area. Young, green stands with no dead wood qualify: laurel, vine
maple, alder, or even chaparral, manzanita, or chamise.
The shrubs are older, but not as tall as model 4, nor do they contain as much fuel as model 4. This model
covers a broad range of shrub conditions: intermediate stands of chamise, chaparral, oak brush, low
pocosin, Alaskan spruce taiga, and shrub tundra. May include hardwood slash that has cured. Pinyonjuniper shrub lands may be represented.
Stands of shrubs are generally between 2 and 6 feet high. Palmetto-galliberry understory, with a pine
overstory, is typical. Low pocosin may be represented. Black spruce shrub combinations in Alaska may
also be represented.
Contains closed canopy stands of short needle conifers or hardwoods that have leafed out. The compact
litter layer is mainly needles, leaves, and occasionally twigs because little undergrowth is present.
Representative conifer types are white pine, lodgepole pine, spruce, fir, and larch.
Both long-needle conifer stands and hardwood stands, especially the oak-hickory types, are typical.
Closed stands of long-needled pine like ponderosa, Jeffrey, red pines, or southern pine plantations are
grouped in this model. May contain concentrations of dead-down woody material.
Dead-down fuels include quantities of 3-inch or larger limb wood resulting from over maturity or natural
events that create a large load of dead material on the forest floor. Any forest type may be considered if
heavy down material is present; examples are insect- or disease-ridden stands, wind thrown stands,
overmature situations with deadfall, and aged light thinning or partial cut slash.
Contains slash and herbaceous material intermixed with slash. Light partial cuts or thinning operations in
mixed conifer stands, hardwood stands, and southern pine harvests are considered. Clearcuts generally
produce more slash than represented here. The less than 3-inch material load is less than 12 tons per acre.
The greater than 3 inch is represented by not more than 10 pieces, 4 inches in diameter, along a 50 foot
transect.
The visual impression is dominated by slash and much of it is less than 3 inches in diameter. The fuels
are well distributed. Heavily thinned conifer stands; clearcuts, and medium or heavy partial cuts are
represented. The material larger than 3 inches is represented by encountering 11 pieces, 6 inches in
diameter along a 50 foot transect.
There is a continuous layer of slash. Large quantities of material larger than 3 inches are present.
Clearcuts and heavy partial cuts in mature and over mature stands are depicted where the slash load is
dominated by the greater than 3 inch diameter material. Fuels less than 3 inches are generally only 10
percent of the total load. May include situations where the slash still has “red” needles attached.
Land covered by urban and suburban development. The area must not support wildland fire spread. In
some cases the area may experience structural fire losses during a wildland fire incident; however,
structure ignition in those cases is either house-to-house or by firebrands, neither of which is directly
modeled using fire behavior fuel models. If sufficient vegetation surrounds structures such that wildland
fire spread is possible, then choose a fuel model appropriate for the wildland vegetation.
N-4
Region 3 Field Guide
Appendix N: Fuel Models
Detailed Description of the Fuel Models (cont.)
Code
92
93
98
99
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
121
122
123
124
141
142
143
144
145
146
Detailed Description
Land covered by permanent snow and ice. Areas covered by seasonal snow and ice can be mapped to two
different fuels models.
Agricultural land maintained in a nonburnable condition; examples include irrigated annual crops, mowed
or tilled orchards, and so forth. However, there are many agricultural areas that are not kept in a non
burnable condition. For example, grass is often allowed to grow beneath vines or orchard trees, and wheat
or similar crops are allowed to cure before harvest; in those cases use a different fuel model.
Land covered by open bodies of water such as lakes, rivers and oceans.
Land devoid of enough fuel to support wildland fire spread. Such areas include gravel pits, arid deserts
with little vegetation, sand dunes, rock outcroppings, beaches and so forth.
The primary carrier of fire is sparse grass, though small amounts of fine fuel may be present. The grass is
generally short, either naturally or by grazing, and may be sparse or discontinuous. The moisture
extraction is indicative of a dry climate fuelbed, but may also be applied in high-extinction moisture
fuelbeds because in both cases predicted spread rate and flame length are low compare to other grass
models.
The primary carrier of fire is grass, though small amounts of fine dead fuel may be present. Load is
greater than 101, and fuelbed may be more continuous. Shrubs, if present, do not affect fire behavior.
The primary carrier of fire is continuous, coarse, humid-climate grass. Grass and herb fuel load is
relatively light; fuelbed depth is about 2 feet. Shrubs are not present in significant quantity to affect fire
behavior.
The primary carrier of fire is continuous, dry-climate grass. Load and depth are greater than 102; fuelbed
depth is about 2 feet.
The primary carrier of fire is humid-climate grass. Load is greater than 103 but depth is lower, about 1-2
feet.
The primary carrier of fire is continuous humid-climate grass. Load is greater than 105 but depth is about
the same. Grass is less coarse than 105.
The primary carrier of fire is continuous dry-climate grass. Load and depth are greater than 104. Grass is
about 3 feet tall.
The primary carrier of fire is continuous, very coarse, humid-climate grass. Load and depth are greater
than 106. Spread rate and flame length can be extreme if grass is fully cured.
The primary carrier of fire is dense, tall, humid-climate grass. Load and depth are greater than 108, about
6 feet tall. Spread rate and flame length can be extreme if grass is fully or mostly cured.
The primary carrier of fire is grass and shrubs combined. Shrubs are about 1 foot high, grass load is low.
Spread rate is moderate; flame length is low. Moisture of extinction is low.
The primary carrier of fire is grass and shrubs combined. Shrubs are 1 to 3 feet high, grass load is
moderate. Spread rate is high; flame length moderate. Moisture of extinction is low.
The primary carrier of fire is grass and shrubs combined. Moderate grass/shrub load, average grass/shrub
depth less than 2 feet. Spread rate is high; flame length moderate. Moisture of extinction is high.
The primary carrier of fire is grass and shrubs combined. Heavy grass/shrub load, depth greater than 2
feet. Spread rate high; flame length very high. Moisture of extinction is high.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Low shrub fuel load, fuelbed about 1 foot;
some grass may be present. Spread rate is very low; flame length very low.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Moderate fuel load (higher than 141), depth
about 1 foot, no grass fuel present. Spread rate is very low; flame length low.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Moderate shrub load, possibly with pine
overstory or herbaceous fuel, fuel bed depth 2 to 3 feet. Spread rate is low; flame length low.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Low to moderate shrub and litter load,
possibly with pine overstory, fuel bed depth about 3 feet. Spread rate is high; flame length moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Heavy shrub load, depth 4-6 feet. Spread
rate very high; flame length very high. Moisture of extinction is high.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Dense shrubs, little or no herbaceous fuel,
fuelbed depth about 2 feet. Spread rate is high; flame length high.
N-5
Appendix N: Fuel Models
Region 3 Field Guide
Detailed Description of the Fuel Models (cont.)
Code
147
148
149
161
162
163
164
165
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
201
202
203
204
Detailed Description
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Very heavy shrub load, depth 4 to 6 feet.
Spread rate lower than 146, but flame length similar. Spread rate is high, flame length is very high.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Dense shrubs, little or no herbaceous fuel,
fuelbed depth about 3 feet. Spread rate is high; flame length high.
The primary carrier of fire is woody shrubs and shrub litter. Dense, finely branched shrubs with
significant fine dead fuel, about 4-6 feet tall; some herbaceous fuel may be present. Spread rate is high;
flame length very high.
The primary carrier of fire is low load of grass and/or shrub with litter. Spread rate is low; flame length is
low.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate litter load with shrub component. High extinction moisture.
Spread rate is moderate; flame length is low.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate forest litter with grass and shrub components. High extinction
moisture. Spread rate is high; flame length is moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is short conifer trees with grass or moss understory. Spread rate is moderate;
flame length is moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is heavy forest litter with a shrub or small tree understory. Spread rate is
moderate; flame length is moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is compact forest litter. Light to moderate load, fuels 1 to 2 inches deep. May
be used to represent a recently burned forest. Spread rate is very low; flame length is very low.
The primary carrier of fire is broadleaf (hardwood) litter. Low load, compact broadleaf litter. Spread rate
is very low; flame length is very low.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate load conifer litter, light load of coarse fuels. Spread rate is very
low; flame length low.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate load of fine litter and coarse fuels. Includes small diameter
downed logs. Spread rate is low; flame length low
The primary carrier of fire is high load of fine litter; light slash or mortality fuel. Spread rate is low; flame
length low.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate load broadleaf litter, less compact than 182. Spread rate is very
moderate; flame length is low.
The primary carrier of fire is heavy load of forest litter, includes large diameter downed logs. Spread rate
low; flame length low.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate load long-needle pine litter, may include small amount of
herbaceous load. Spread rate is moderate; flame length low.
The primary carrier of fire is very high load, fluffy broadleaf litter. This can also be used to represent
heavy needle-drape. Spread rate is very moderate; flame length moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is light dead and down activity fuel. Fine fuel load is 10 to 20 t/ac weighted
towards fuels 1 to 3 inch diameter class; depth is less than 1 foot. Spread rate is moderate; flame length
moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is moderate dead and down activity fuel or light blowdown. Fine fuel load is 7
to 12 t/ac, evenly distributed across 0 to 0.25, 0.25 to 1, and 1 to 3 inch diameter classes, depth is about 1
foot. Blowdown is scattered, with many trees still standing. Spread rate is moderate; flame length
moderate.
The primary carrier of fire is heavy dead and down activity fuel or moderate blowdown. Fine fuel load is
7 to 12 t/ac, weighted toward 0 to 0.25 inch diameter class, depth is more than 1 foot. Blowdown is
moderate; trees compacted to near the ground. Spread rate is high; flame length high.
The primary carrier of fire is heavy blowdown fuel. Blowdown id total, fuelbed is not compacted, most
foliage and fine fuel still attached to blowdown. Spread rate is very high; flame length very high.
N-6