GREGORY M. HANKET
Institute of Energy Conversion
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716-3820
Tel: (302) 831-6245
Fax: (302) 831-6226
E-mail: hanket@udel.edu
EDUCATION
Ph.D. University of Delaware, 1999
Thesis title: “Manufacture of Large-Area Copper Indium (Gallium) Diselenide
Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications”
B.S.
Case Western Reserve University, 1994
EXPERIENCE
2006 – Present
Research Associate III
Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware 19716
Describe
2004 – 2006 Limited Term Researcher
Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware 19716
Investigated kinetics of atmospheric-pressure selenization/sulfization of
Cu-Ga-In precursors. Investigated Cu(InGa)Se2 photovoltaic devices on
poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) film substrates (NASA/AF
SBIRs in collaboration with Foster-Miller). Designed a high-rate
Knudsen-type thermal evaporation source with improved performance
characteristics over the former IEC design:
60-70% reduction in run-to-run variability of Cu effusion rate
100 ºC reduction in operating temperature for equivalent Cu effusion rate.
2002 – 2003
Sensortex, Inc., R & D Engineer
Investigated various space thermal control coatings/membranes for a
variable-emissivity thermal management device for NASA ST-5 satellites.
Performed thermal modeling and development of ground and in-flight
testing protocols for evaluation of device performance. Electrodeposited
soft magnetic permalloy (Ni 80% Fe 20%) films for a novel
magnetoelastic wire strain sensing element. Investigated low-profile load
cells utilizing a magnetoelastic wire strain element which were awarded a
Phase II SBIR.
1999 – 2002
Limited Term Researcher
Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware 19716
Cu(InGa)Se2
Developed a roll-to-roll, high-vacuum thermal evaporation process
depositing uniform (> 9% small-area device efficiency sampled over 6” x
5’ area) Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films on a polyimide web and supported
commercialization by an outside venture. Analyzed sputtered Mo thin
films on polyimide used in roll-to-roll Cu(InGa)Se2 deposition, including
film stress/strain modeling, and strain measurement by x-ray diffraction
(XRD). Developed a high performance effusion nozzle design (U.S. Patent
#6,562,405) to achieve effusion rates in excess of 15 g/hr/nozzle, and
characterized flux distribution profiles, and effusion rate variations caused
by thermal non-uniformities in a 2-nozzle source. Integrated in-situ atomic
absorption sensors (ATOMICAS system by Luxtron, Inc.) into inline
Cu(InGa)Se2 deposition system for real-time feedback control of effusion
rates.
CdTe
Developed a novel, scalable, moderate-pressure (10-100 torr), highthroughput, in-line vapor transport process (U.S Patent #6,676,994) to
deposit CdTe thin films using a carrier gas, which has produced
photovoltaic devices > 13% efficiency on 4” wide substrates. Performed a
non-ideal thermodynamic analysis of CdS/CdTe diffusion couples and
published excess free energies and enthalpies of mixing.
1994
1992 – 1994
Process Development Intern, Diversey Corporation, Detroit, MI.
Managed powder blending / pressing pilot process including supervision
of operators.
CWRU, Department of Chemical Engineering
Thin film diamond chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes.
PATENTS (all commercially licensed)
•
U.S. Patent #6,982,005, Multiple-nozzle thermal evaporation source
•
•
•
•
U.S. Patent #6,676,994, Method for producing thin films
U.S. Patent #6,562,405, Multiple-nozzle thermal evaporation source
U.S. Patent #6,372,538, Fabrication of thin-film, flexible photovoltaic module
U.S. Patent #6,310,281, Thin-film, flexible photovoltaic module
Gregory M. Hanket
PUBLICATION LIST
1. "Vapor Phase Treatment of CdTe/CdS Thin Films with CdCl2:O2," B.E.
McCandless, H. Hichri, G. Hanket, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC,
781 (1996).
2. "Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 by Inline Evaporation," G.M. Hanket, P.D. Paulson,
W.N. Shafarman, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 241 (2000).
3. “Fabrication of Graded Cu(InGa)Se2 Films by Inline Evaporation," G.M. Hanket,
P.D. Paulson, U. Singh, S.T. Junker, R.W. Birkmire, F.J. Doyle III, E. Eser and
W.N. Shafarman, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 499 (2000).
4. “Phase Behavior in the CdTe-CdS Pseudobinary System,” Brian E. McCandless,
Gregory M. Hanket, D. Garth Jensen, and Robert W. Birkmire, J. Vac. Soc.
Technol. A. 20(4), 1462 (2002).
5. “Vapor Transport Deposition of Cadmium Telluride Films,” Brian E.
McCandless, Robert W. Birkmire, Wayne A. Buchanan, Shannon Fields, Gregory
M. Hanket, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 547 (2002).
6. “Pilot-scale Manufacture of Cu(InGa)Se2 Films on a Flexible Polymer Substrate,”
Gregory M. Hanket, Udai P. Singh, Erten Eser, William N. Shafarman, and
Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 567 (2002).
7. “Advances in CuInSe2-based Solar Cells: From Fundamentals to Processing,” W.
Shafarman, J. Titus, M. Haimbodi, M. Gossla, G. Hanket, S. Marsillac, T.
Minemoto, P. Paulson, B. Sang, U. Singh, E. Eser, R. Birkmire, Proc. NCPV
Prog. Rev. Mtg., 525 (2003).
8. “Processing Improvements for Roll-to-Roll Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2,” E. Eser,
S. Fields, G. Hanket, R.W. Birkmire, W. Shafarman, Prog. Rev 32, (2004).
9. “Critical Issues in Vapor Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 on Polymer Web: Source
Spitting and Back Contact Cracking,” Erten Eser, Shannon Fields, Gregory
Hanket, Robert W. Birkmire, Jeffrey Doody, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 515 (2005).
10. “Thin Film Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells,” Brian E. McCandless, Wayne
A. Buchanan and Gregory M. Hanket, Proc.32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 483
(2006).
11. “Composition Control in the Growth of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 by the Reaction of Cu-InGa Precursors in H2Se and H2S,” Gregory M. Hanket, William N. Shafarman,
Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 560 (2006).
12. “Design of a Vapor Transport Deposition Process for Thin Film Materials,” G.M.
Hanket, B.E. McCandless, W.A. Buchanan, S. Fields, and R.W. Birkmire, J. Vac.
Sci. and Technol. A, 24(5), 1695 (2006).
13. “Composition Control in the Deposition of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Thin Films,” William
Shafarman, Gregory Hanket, and Shiro Nishiwaki, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
1012, 1012-Y02-01, (2007).
14. “Incongruent Reaction of Cu-(InGa) Intermetallic Precursors in H2Se and H2S,”
G.M. Hanket, W.N. Shafarman, B.E. McCandless and R.W. Birkmire, J. Appl.
Phys. 102, 074823 (2007). URL: http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/102/074922
15. “Effect of Reaction Temperature on Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Formation by Sequential
H2Se/H2S Precursor Reaction Processes,” Gregory Hanket, Rui Kamada, William
Shafarman, Woo Kyoung Kim, Proc. 33rd IEEE PVSC, (2008).
16. “Control of Composition in Co-evaporated Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Thin Films,” Shiro
Nishiwaki, Greg Hanket, Robert Birkmire and William Shafarman, Proc. 33rd
IEEE PVSC, (2008).
17. “Characterization and Device Performance of (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 Absorber
Layers,” Gregory M. Hanket, Jonathan H. Boyle, and William N. Shafarman,
Proc. 34th IEEE PVSC, Philadelphia, PA, June 8-12, 2009.
18. “Ga Distribution and Adhesion Issues in Selenization of Metallic Cu-Ga-In
Precurcors,” Woo Kyoung Kim, Gregory M. Hanket and William N. Shafarman,
Proc. 34th IEEE PVSC, Philadelphia, PA, June 8-12, 2009.
19. “Optical and Quantum Efficiency Analysis of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Absorber
Layers,” Jonathan Boyle, Gregory Hanket and William Shafarman, Proc. 34th
IEEE PVSC, Philadelphia, PA, June 8-12, 2009.
20. “Roll-to-Roll Deposition of a Semiconductor Film on a Flexible Substrate for
Photovoltaics: Conception to Reality,” Gregory M. Hanket, Robert W. Birkmire,
Scott C. Jackson and Richard E. Rocheleau, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 5923-5933
(2009).
21. “Characterizing the Effects of Silver Alloying in Chalcopyrite CIGS Solar Cells
with Junction Capacitance Methods,” Peter T. Erslev, Gregory M. Hanket,
William N. Shafarman, and J. David Cohen, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. 1165, 1165M01-07 (2009).
22. “Device Characterization of (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells,” William Shafarman,
Christopher Thompson, Jonathan Boyle, Gregory Hanket, Peter Erslev and J.
David Cohen, Proc. 35th IEEE PVSC, Waikiki, Hawaii, June 21-25, 2010.
23. “Commercial-Scale Sources for the Evaporation of Elemental Cu, Ga, and In:
Modeling, Design and Validation,” Gregory M. Hanket, Robert W. Birkmire,
Shannon Fields, and Erten Eser, Proc. 35th IEEE PVSC, Waikiki, Hawaii, June
21-25, 2010.
24. “Wide-bandgap (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 Absorber Layers Deposited by Three-stage Coevaporation, Gregory Hanket, Jonathan H. Boyle, William N. Shafarman, and
Glenn Teeter, Proc. 35th IEEE PVSC, Waikiki, Hawaii, June 21-25, 2010.
25. “Commercial-Scale Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin Films by Thermal
Evaporation,” Gregory M. Hanket, Future Photovoltaics, Sept. (2010).