WSDP: MODULE 3
TOPIC 3: SERVICE LEVELS
3. SERVICE LEVELS
3.1. Residential Consumer Units
With respect to Domestic consumers, the latest February 2011 City estimate of 1 103 182
households included 193 951 in informal settlements, while the remainder of 909 231 in the
formal sector included at least 115 248 backyard dwellers. 93% of households had access
to basic sanitation services at January 2012. The service level profile of the City of Town is
listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Service Level Profile (as at January 2012)
SANITATION
WATER
No of toilets in informal settlements
Avg Toilet servicing ratio, informal
settlements
HH serviced in informal settlements
Avg HH per toilet, informal
settlements
Backlog in informal settlements
Formal HH serviced
Total HH serviced
Total backlog
% all HH serviced
33 677
3.37
113 587
5.76
80 364
909 231
1 022 818
80 364
93%
Servicing ratio applied
Potential Informal settlement HH
serviced
7 176
25
179 400
Informal Settlement HH serviced
Avg HH per tap, informal
settlements
179 400
Backlog in informal settlements
14 551
Formal HH serviced
Total HH serviced
Total backlog
59%
% all HH serviced
% Informal settlement HH
serviced
87%
% Poor HH serviced
% Informal settlement HH serviced
% Poor HH serviced
No of taps in informal settlements
27.03
909 231
1 088
631
14 551
99%
92%
98%
3.1.1. Residential consumer units for water
Service levels of existing formal developed and informal areas (excluding rural areas)
generally meet the minimum standards as required by the Water Services Act 108 of 1997.
Formal households have either a metered water connection to the house or to a yard toilet
with water tap (uncontrolled volume supply). The first 6 kilolitres per month are supplied at
no charge (free basic). Informal areas have communal standpipes and water is provided
free.
3.20
Table 2: Water profile of consumers
Consumers with:
1
None or inadequate (Backlog)
2
Communal water supply
3
Controlled volume supply
4
Uncontrolled volume supply
5
Total served (2+3+4)
6
Total (1+5)
2010/11 (as at January
2012)
2009/10
-
14 551
189 593
179 400
-
-
913 589
909 231
1 103 182
1 088 631
1 103 182
1 103 182
Source: Water and Sanitation Services
3.21
3.1.2. Residential consumer units for sanitation
The general percentage distribution of households with inadequate sanitation services
correlate to a large extent with the location of informal settlements as determined through
aerial and on-site surveys and depicted in Table 2.
Table 3: Profile of sanitation services to consumers
TOILET TYPE
COUNT
HH SERVICED
Chemical
4 596
22 980
Container
5 506
27 530
Bucket
1 157
1 157
12 015
12 015
Pitliner
312
1 560
Dry Sanitation
187
935
Conservancy tanks
370
1 850
Dehydration (Enviroloo)
166
664
Dehydration (Afrisan)
450
450
48
96
8 870
44 350
Portapotti
Anaerobic
Flush
909 231
FORMAL
TOTAL
33 677
1 022 818
Source: Water and Sanitation Services
3.1.2.1. Grey water management
A joint project with the CSIR is being undertaken.
3.1.2.2. Pit emptying and sludge disposal
Pit emptying is not applicable, while the disposal of container toilets is taken into the waste
stream.
3.1.2.3. Types of sanitation technology options
Sanitation technology options in formal households:

In almost all cases this would be water borne house connections

In low cost housing RDP housing there would either be an internal or external toilet with
a water borne sewer connection

The backyarder policy calls for an additional formal sewer connection, if implemented at
scale there is expectation that there would be significant additional load on the existing
reticulated infrastructure.

In isolated areas there are cases were conservancy tanks are still in use
3.22
Sanitation technology options in informal settlements, in most settlements the standard is 1
toilet per five households.
While it is generally accepted that farm dwellers are provided with water and sanitation this
has not been quantified.
3.1.3. Strategic gap analysis (residential consumer units)
1%
8%
Domestic Cluster
5%
Domestic single residential
Departmental Cluster
22%
Informal HH
64%
0%
Backyarder non-rental
Backyarder in rental stock
Figure 1: Breakdown of residential consumer units as at 31 December 2011
This break down in residential consumers emphasises the need to focus on improved water
and sanitation services onto informal household consumers and backyarders. In total they
make up 35% of residential customer base. The continued rapid increase in informality
could lead to large number of City households being pushed into accepting lower levels of
service.
3.23
3.1.3.1. Implementation strategies (Informal Settlements)
To eradicate the sanitation service backlog and service the influx of people in informal
settlements, the Water and Sanitation Department is implementing a service provision
program that is integral to the 10-year Housing Plan.
The total capital requirement over the next 5 years from 2010/11 to 2015/16 to primarily
cover sanitation backlog eradication is estimated at R152.5M including allowing for a 5%
household growth. Part of the funding is also required for the replacement of black buckets
as well as to cater for additional service demand growth in informal settlements due to the
influx of people.
The proposed programme for eradicating the backlog according to the Strategic Objective
target of 2015/16 is listed in the following table.
Table 4: Proposed backlog eradication programme
Baseline
Total Cost
Gap
Step 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
Jun11
(R / M)
% Informal settlement HH serviced
55.4% 44.6% 8.9%
67.1%
76.5%
85.0%
92.8% 100.0%
Toilets needed (Backlog eradication)
30 931 26 390 5 278
36 209
41 487
46 765
52 043
57 321
Aditional Toilets (Address Influx)
37 209
42 487
47 765
53 043
58 321
Capital Requirement (R / M)
@ R10 000 per unit avg
53
53
53
53
53
264
Allocated Budget (R / M)
Current 5 Year Plan
20.5
20.5
20.5
40.5
50.5
152.5
Toilet Shortfall
@ Allocated Budget
3 228
3 228
3 228
1 228
228
% Informal settlement HH serviced @ Allocated Budget
59.0%
61.1%
62.9%
69.0%
76.7%
% HH Basic Service Shortfall
@ Allocated Budget
8.1%
15.4%
22.1%
23.8%
23.3%
SANITATION
WATER
% Informal settlement HH serviced
Taps needed
Additional Taps (Address Influx)
Capital Requirement (R / M)
Allocated Budget (R / M)
Baseline
Jun11
91.6%
7104
Gap
Step
8.4% 1.7%
2470
@ R4 000 per tap
Current 5 Year Plan
494
2011/12
95.2%
7 598
7 798
2
2.0
2012/13
96.6%
8 092
8 292
2
2.1
2013/14 2014/15
97.8%
8 586
8 786
2
2.2
98.9%
9 080
9 280
2
2.3
2015/16
100.0%
9 574
9 774
2
2.4
Total Cost
(R / M)
10
11.00
R11.0 M is required to resolve the water backlog and provide for the anticipated growth in
demand.
The City’s Housing programme is funded through National grants. Servicing of the informal
settlements is funded by the Water and Sanitation department with partial recovery of cost
from the national Equitable Share. Depending on the speed of implementing this
programme, as for in-situ upgrading or the “decanting” of such settlements to developed
formal areas, the informal settlement programme needs to adapt.
3.24
3.2. Wet industries
All ‘wet’ industries have on site connections.
Issue
Strategy and target
The Water and Sanitation Services Department
No gaps in the sector
will be able to cope with the demand for new
services for this sector.
Maintain the current high level of service
New services are provided as part of normal
Expansion of the sector and tracking the
business operations.
sector
Database of all ‘wet’ industries required for water
conservation
and
demand
management
purposes.
Identify top water consumers and identify which
are ‘wet’ industries. The Water Conservation and
Demand Management Strategy targets high
water consumers.
3.25
3.3. ‘Raw’ water consumers
Situation assessment (‘raw’ water consumers)
The City has very few ‘raw’ water consumers. These are mainly farmers on the raw water
pipelines that feed Faure and Blackheath Water Treatment Plants. They are therefore not
the City’s consumers, but they share the same infrastructure. Since they are outside the
Cape Municipal area there is no obligation on the City as Water Service Authority to provide
them with water – potable or otherwise.
On the Wemmershoek 1,100 mm diameter raw water pipeline from Theewaterskloof there is
at least one consumer that receives raw water from the line. This consumer is a
Wemmershoek riparian who opted to draw water from the raw water pipeline rather than the
riparian pipe network.
Apart from the Wemmershoek riparian obligations, COCT have no other potable water
obligations to the farmers in other local authority areas.
It is not anticipated that there will be many future raw water consumers. There is however a
need to monitor the usage, the is also an important need to include the raw water
infrastructure in the water loss calculation
3.26
3.4. Industrial consumer units
3.4.1. Implementation strategies (industrial consumer units)
There is need to establish a more regulated environment for industrial consumers producers
of industrial effluent and to enforce current and additional legislation.
Issue
Strategy and target
New tariffs have been proposed to Council for the next financial year which if
New
tariff
approved will tackle the status quo.
structure is
proposed
Research is being conducted in terms of a suitable database and telemetry system
for WPC’s function and to improve accuracy of measurement.
The current bylaw is in the process of being repealed, some of the amendments
Review
current
bylaw
include grease traps regulation and more powers to officials. The potential for
increased discharge of fat, oil and grease from the food and catering industry
expansion is being monitored as and when building plans are submitted to the City
and forwarded to the Water Pollution Control (WPC) unit. Existing premises are being
inspected for adequate grease trap facilities. The Environmental health Department is
being brought on board regarding the issuing of their trade licenses, to alert the WPC
unit for any potential generation of industrial effluent.
The current bylaw is in the process of being repealed, some of the amendments
InterDepartment
Networking
include grease traps regulation and more powers to officials. The potential for
increased discharge of fat, oil and grease from the food and catering industry
expansion is being monitored as and when building plans are submitted to the City
and forwarded to the Water Pollution Control (WPC) unit. Existing premises are being
inspected for adequate grease trap facilities. The Environmental health Department is
being brought on board regarding the issuing of their trade licenses, to alert the WPC
unit for any potential generation of industrial effluent.
Liaison with Planning and Development is on-going in terms of them sending monthly
approvals of all industrial / commercial plans to the WPC unit.
More inspectors will be deployed and All industries are currently in the process of
Enforcement
being re-issued with new permits that they must sign for to show commitment to the
conditions imposed and hence be liable for any breach of the contract/permit.
3.27
Furthermore, planned inspections of the top water users in industrial areas serve to
assist in the reduction of water consumption, consequently reducing the volume of
effluent discharged. Waste minimisation, cleaner production and best available
technology and practices are continuously promoted to all commercial and industrial
units during inspections. Water pollution Control also working jointly with the DEADP
on Chemical management and Waste minimisation.
There is prioritised monitoring of the top polluters for each of the respective
Targeting
bigger
polluters
parameters of concern, namely: Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Solids
(Conductivity), pH, Metals, Chlorides, Sulphates and Cyanides. Emphasis has been
put on pH and metals.
.
3.28