WSDP: MODULE 2
TOPIC 5: WATER SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE
5. WATER SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE
EXISTING MAIN INFRASTRUCTURE
5.1. Water services infrastructure
The City of Cape Town’s Bulk Water Supply System treats raw water to potable standards,
and stores and conveys potable water to Cape Town, as well as supplying part of the
potable water requirements of neighbouring municipalities.
Raw water for Cape Town is mainly obtained from the Western Cape Water System
(WCWS), comprising a system of dams and conveyance tunnels and pipeline, owned and
operated by the Department of Water Affairs and the City of Cape Town.
The Bulk Water Supply System comprises: 11 raw water dams owned and operated by the
City of Cape Town; 12 water treatment works with a current approximate potable water
production capacity of 1600Ml/day; 32 pumpstations; 24 bulk reservoirs with a total storage
capacity of 2 825Ml; and 659km of raw and potable water pipelines, ranging from 300mm to
2 400mm in diameter.
Water supply is obtained from DWA and CCT owned dams; these are mainly located outside
of the Cape Metropolitan area. The water is directly distributed through a number of large
diameter pipelines to the water treatment works and bulk storage reservoirs. It is thereafter
distributed through the internal service reservoirs to consumers via bulk connections of the
Reticulation system. There are a number of pumping stations that help to boost supply in
the higher lying areas.
Water: The table below gives an overview of the major water infrastructure components:
System
Bulk
Reticulation
Description
Reservoirs
Water mains (raw and
potable water lines) (km)
WTW
Dams
Pumpstations
Tanks
Quantity
24
659
Water mains (ref GIS,
23/6/2011) (km)
10 427
Pumpstations
82
12
11
32
98
Capacity (Ml)
2 825.1
Ranges
between
300mm - 2 400mm
1 611
Ranges 100 mm –
1200 mm
2.56
Sewer: The table below gives an overview of the major sewer infrastructure components:
System
Bulk
Reticulation
Description
WWTW
Pumpstations
Tanks
Quantity
24
Capacity (Ml)
98
Sewer mains (ref GIS,
23/6/2011) (km)
8 541
Sewer Pumpstations
Treated Effluent PS
Stormwater PS
381
5
34
Ranges 100 mm –
1800 mm
-
5.1.1. Situation assessment (water services infrastructure)
Table 1 shows a summary of the existing water supply and wastewater infrastructure. The
current replacement value of the entire infrastructure is placed at R2.78 billion at 30 June
2011.
Table 1: Summary of Existing Water Supply and Wastewater Infrastructure
Description
Bulk Water (including water pump stations, water retic and reservoirs)
Dams and Catchments
Water Treatment Works
Waste Water Treatment Works incl Sea Outfalls
Water Reticulation (incl Bulk Lines) (GIS 23-06-2011)
Sewer Reticulation (GIS 23-06-2011)
Depots
Water Pump Stations
Sewer Pump Stations
Reservoirs
Asset
Count
11 No
12 No
24 No
11 086
8 541
21 No
114 No
381 No
122 No
Repl Value Annual Maint Norm
(R M)
1 438.8
1 576.4
2 191.6
14 900.3
6 843.8
90.7
484.7
438.7
1 957.3
29 922.4
Annual Maint req, Bulk
Water seperate(R M)
75.0
0.50%
7.3
1% Civil, 4% Mech/Elec
32.9
1% Civil, 4% Mech/Elec
45.5
1%
63.7
1%
64.2
0.50%
0.5
0.5% Civil, 4% Mech/Elec
7.7
0.5% Civil, 4% Mech/Elec
11.4
0.50%
4.0
312.2
INFRASTRUCTURE OF WATER AND SANITATION AT BOOK VALUE
AND
REPLACEMENT COST
The water distribution networks experienced 6 523 bursts to water mains in 2010/11
compared to 6 169 in 2009/10. The Blaauwberg area suffered the most with 1 780 (or 27 %
of 2010/11 total) bursts followed by the Tygerberg area at the level of 1 441 (or 22 % of
2010/11 total), while the Khayelitsha area experienced the least of 46 at 0.70 % of 2010/11
total.
The operation and maintenance of the reticulation water networks in 2010/11:

An estimated water loss due to burst mains for the month of 2010/11, is 1 769.69 Ml
and due to valves and fire hydrants needing maintenance and leaks is 2 400Ml.

An estimated water loss due to leaks on water connections for the month of December
2010 is 184 291 kl.
2.57
Figure 1: Main Components of Bulk Water Supply Infrastructure
2.58
Figure 2: Main components of
Infrastructure showing Catchments
Wastewater
Treatment
Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows the main components of existing bulk water and wastewater
infrastructure in the City of Cape Town (CCT). A Geographical Information System (GIS)
and Geodatabase are in operation and map the majority of the infrastructure along with
related data.
5.1.2. Existing Groundwater Infrastructure
The following groundwater resources exist within the Cape Metropolitan Area.

Albion Springs

Atlantis Aquifer

Cape Flats Aquifer

Newlands Aquifer
Only two of the abovementioned ground water resources are currently being exploited
namely Albion springs and the Atlantis Aquifers. The Table Mountain Group Aquifer (TMG)
falls outside the boundaries of the CMA.
2.59
Albion Springs
Albion Spring is situated in Rondebosch. It was completed in 1890, but the current treatment
processes was installed in 1994 and has a capacity of 4 Mℓ/day.
Raw water is obtained directly from the Albion Spring, the pH is adjusted by aeration and is
disinfected and then pumped directly into the distribution system of the City at Newlands.
Atlantis
The Atlantis Water Undertaking consists of the following components which have been built
since the start of development of Atlantis in 1975 through to 1986, and was further upgraded
from 2000 to 2005. Refer to Figure 3 for Schematic of Atlantis Water Supply Scheme.
The number of boreholes and abstraction potential is listed below:
Table 2: Number of boreholes and abstraction potential for Witzands and Silwerstroom
AQUIFER
NO. OF BOREHOLES
ABSTRACTION POTENTIAL
(APPROXIMATE)
(MILLION m /a)
Witzands
30
Silwerstroom
14
3
5
The Altantis water supply scheme supplies the towns of Altantis and Mamre and is situated
within the Blaauwberg area.
2.60
Figure 3: Schematic of Atlantis Water Supply Scheme
5.1.3. Existing surface water infrastructure
Only the major surface water infrastructure owned by CCT is included here.
The Berg River Dam
The Berg River Dam was completed in 2007. This was a public-private partnership (PPP)
between DWA, the City of Cape Town and TCTA. The dam is located in the upper reaches
of the Berg River near Franschhoek. It has gross and net storage capacity of 130 Mm 3 and
129 Mm3, respectively. The Berg River Dam increases the yield of the Western Cape Water
System (WCWS) by 81 Mm3.
Wemmerhoek Dam
The Wemmershoek Dam was completed in 1957 and is owned and operated by the City of
Cape Town. The dam is situated on the Wemmershoek River in the mountains near
Franschhoek and has a capacity of 58,6 Mm3. The dam has a gravel and boulder
embankment with a sloping clay core.
The Wemmershoek Water Treatment Plant is situated at the base of the dam wall.
2.61
Wemmershoek Dam has a yield of 51 Mm3/annum at 99% assurance of supply. When
Wemmershoek Dam was constructed a compensation agreement involving an exchange of
water rights for agricultural use, between Wemmershoek Dam and the RSE scheme was
made and a 10 Mm3 annual release is made into the Berg River from the RSE Scheme in
lieu of that from the Wemmershoek Dam.
Steenbras Upper and Lower Dams
The construction of Steenbras Lower Dam was completed in 1921. In 1928 the dam wall
was raised by 12,29 m and then raised again to its present height.
The capacity of
Steenbras Lower Dam is 36,2 Mm3.
Steenbras Upper Dam was completed in 1977 and is situated 5 km upstream of Steenbras
Lower Dam. Steenbras Upper Dam was constructed for a dual purpose of providing an
upper reservoir for the City of Cape Town’s Steenbras Pumped Storage Scheme and for
supplying water for domestic/industrial use to Cape Town. The capacity of Steenbras Upper
Dam is 31,7 Mm3. Both Steenbras Upper and Lower Dams are owned and operated by the
CCT. Steenbras Water Treatment Plant is situated on the Western side of the Hottentots
Holland Mountains and receives its water via a 752 m long tunnel from Steenbras Lower
Dam.
Steenbras Upper Dam is also an integral part of the Palmiet Phase 1 system and stores
water transferred via a canal from the Palmiet River.
The combined historic firm yield of both dams together is approximately 38 x 106 m3.
Kleinplaas and Lewis Gay Dams
Kleinplaas and Lewis Gay Dams are both situated on the Woel River and have storage
capacities of 1,36 Mm3 and 0,18 Mm3 respectively. Water is also pumped into Kleinplaas
Dam from the small Rawson Reservoir in the adjacent Klawer River catchment. In 1996 the
yield of the system was estimated to be 1,85 Mm3/annum at 96% assurance. The dams are
owned by the CoCT and water from the two dams is treated at Brooklands Water Treatment
Plant.
2.62
5.1.4. Existing wastewater treatment works infrastructure
There are 24 wastewater treatment works within CMA as tabulated below:
2.63
F.5.1.4.1 Existing Water and Wastewater Treatment Works Infrastructure
The City of Cape Town owns and operates the following Water and Wastewater Treatment
plants. See Table 3 and 4 below.
Table 3: Water Treatment Plants owned by the City of Cape Town
No.
Water Treatment Plants
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Witzands (softening plant)
Silwerstroom
Kloof Nek
Constantia Nek
Faure
Steenbras
Wemmershoek
Pre-Treatment Plant (not additional Capacity)
Voelvlei
Blackheath
Brooklands
Helderberg
Albion Spring
Total
8
9
10
11
12
Treatment
Capacity
(Ml/day)
14
3
18
3
500
150
120
120
230
420
5
12
4
1609
2.64
Table 4: List of Waste Water Treatment Works owned by the City of Cape Town
NAME OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
CAPACITY (Ml/day)
Athlone Wastewater Treatment Works
105
Bellville Wastewater Treatment Works
55
Borcherds Quarry Wastewater Treatment Works
33
Camps Bay Marine Outfall
5.5
Cape Flats Wastewater Treatment Works
200
Fisantekraal Wastewater Treatment Works (under construction)
24
Green Point Marine Outfall
40
Groot Springfontein Wastewater Treatment Works
0.03
Gordon’s Bay Wastewater Treatment Works
3.1
Hout Bay Marine Outfall
9.6
Klipheuwel Wastewater Treatment Works
0.05
Kraaifontein Wastewater Treatment Works
17.5
Llandudno Wastewater Treatment Works
0.6
Macassar Wastewater Treatment Works
57
Melkbosstrand Wastewater Treatment Works
5.5
Miller’s Point Wastewater Treatment Works
0.03
Mitchells Plain Wastewater Treatment Works
48
Oudekraal Wastewater Treatment Works
0.05
Parow Wastewater Treatment Works
1.2
Philadelphia Wastewater Treatment Works
0.08
Potsdam Wastewater Treatment Works
47
Scottsdene Wastewater Treatment Works
7.5
As at July 2010
Simon’s Town Wastewater Treatment Works
4
Wesfleur Wastewater Treatment Works
14
Wildevoëlvlei Wastewater Treatment Works
14
Zandvliet Wastewater Treatment Plant
78
2.65
5.1.5. Existing Bulk Water Pump Stations Infrastructure
The existing bulk water pump stations infrastructure is given below:
PUMP
ATLANTIS
STATIONS
NO.
PUMPS
OF
FLOW PER PUMP
UNIT
(Mℓ/day)
HEAD
RATED MOTOR POWER
(kW) EACH
(m)
Hospital to Pella
1
9,8
71
160
Silwerstroom No. 2
2
5,7
110
110
Silwerstroom No. 3
2
5,7
110
110
Silwerstroom No. 4
2
5,7
110
110
Witzands “A” to Hospital
1
13,0
200
450
2
23,0
1
13,0
270
600
2
23,0
Witzands “B” to Pella
PUMP STATIONS
NO. OF
PUMPS
FLOW PER
PUMP UNIT
HEAD
(m)
RATED MOTOR
POWER (kW)
EACH
REMARKS
(Mℓ/DAY)
1
4,3
77,4
2
7,2
85,3
1
23,0
8,40
276
1
19,0
80,0
250
2
21,1
86,0
250
1
85,0
104,0
970
1
77,0
104,0
1080
1
65,4
43,6
400
2
69.0
87,2
400
Albion Spring
1
4,8
100,00
90
Newlands 535
1
50,0
50,0
373
3
68,1
24,0
306
2
79,5
29,0
420
Wynberg No. 1
Wynberg No. 2
56
Monterey
Garlandale
Kildare Road
Voëlvlei Low Lift
Variable
motor
speed
Variable
motor
speed
Variable
motor
speed
2.66
PUMP STATIONS
NO. OF
PUMPS
FLOW PER
PUMP UNIT
HEAD
(m)
RATED MOTOR
POWER (kW)
EACH
REMARKS
(Mℓ/DAY)
Voëlvlei High Lift
Firlands
Wynberg No. 3
5
68,1
120,0
1 212
1
22,7
125,0
429
3
300
111
1 000
1
80
1
23
90
470
2
46
90
Variable
motor
speed
Variable
motor
speed
2.67
5.1.6. Existing Bulk and Reticulation Reservoir Infrastructure
The main characteristics of the CCT’s Reticulation Water Service Tanks are listed in the
table below:
Table 5: Reticulation Water Service Tanks
LIST OF RETICULATION TANKS
TANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Altydgedacht
Andrag Tank 1
Andrag Tank 2
Aurora
Bakkerskloof
Bierman
Bizweni
Bloekombos 1
Bloekombos 2
Blomtuin
Blomtuin
Blomtuin
Brackenfell Tank
Brakkloof
Brick & Clay
Brick & Clay
Brick & Clay
Camps Bay Tank
Clifton Tanks
Constantia Nek Main
Constantia Nek Minor
Da Gama Park Top
Dagbreek
De Grendal Tank "A"
De Grendal Tank "B"
Dennehoek
Denovo Tank 1
Denovo Tank 2
Erf 1
Erf 2
Fish Hoek High upper
Glencairn Heights
Helderberg
Helderberg College
Helderrand
Hillcrest
Hout Bay
Hout Bay Heights
Kenridge
Kenridge
Kleinvlei Tank 1
Kleinvlei Tank 2
Kuilsrivier Tank 2
Langeberg Tank 1
Langeberg Tank 2
Langeberg Tank 3
Loevenstein
Louis Botha 2
Lynn's View
Macassar 1
Macassar 2
Mount Rhodes
Mount Rhodes
Mountainside
Muizenberg
Murdoch Valley
Nassau Tank
Neptune
North Pine Tank 2
Ocean View
Old Mountainside
Penhill
Plattekloof high, Retic Tank
Plattekloof low, Retic Tank
Price Drive
Prince George
Racecourse 1
Racecourse 2
Racecourse Sump
Ranger Road Lower
Ranger Road Upper (peak
Robinson
Rome Glen
Rowari Tank
San Michel
Scarborough/Koggelfontein
Sea Point Tank
Sir Lowry's Pass
Smuts
Sonskyn
Spes Bona
Strand
Suikerbossie
Swaanswyk Lower
Swaanswyk Upper
Upper Mountainside
Verwoerd High
Verwoerd High
Verwoerd Lower
Victoria
Welgedacht
Welgedacht
Welgemoed
Welgemoed
Westlake Lower
Westlake Upper
Wingerd
Zevenwacht Tank
SERVICE AREA
Durbanville
Belville/Kraaifontein
Belville/Kraaifontein
Durbanville
Somerset West
Simonstown
Somerset West
Bellville under N1
Bellville under N1
Bellville under N1
Ocean View/Cape
Bellville above N1
Bellville above N1
Bellville above N1
Camps Bay
Clifton
Hout Bay/Constantia
Constantia
Simonstown
Durbanville
Richwood
Richwood
Somerset West
Somerset West
Somerset West
Fish Hoek
Simonstown
Somerset West
Somerset West
Somerset West
Somerset West
Hout Bay
Hout Bay
Bellville above N1
Bellville above N1
Eerste River
Eerste River
Bellville above N1
Somerset West
Somerset West
Macassar
Macassar
Constantia
Helderberg (Sir Lowry
gordon's bay
Lakeside
Simonstown
Parow Central
Simonstown
Ocean View
gordon's bay
Penhill
Plattekloof area2&3b
Plattekloof area2&3b
Simonstown
Durbanville
Durbanville
Durbanville
Fish Hoek
Fish Hoek
Durbanville
Somerset West
Scarborough
Sea Point
Sir Lowry's Pass
Somerset West
Bellville above N1
Durbanville
Sir Lowry's Pass
Llandudno
Constantia
Constantia
Gordon's Bay
Plattekloof 1 - High
Plattekloof Low
0
Bellville above N1
Bellville above N1
Bellville above N1
Bellville above N1
Westlake
Westlake
Somerset West
Kuils River
CAPACITY
(kl)
3 000
15000
4500
4 500
1,100
2,000
9 000
10000
10000
13 640
4 546
25 000
10
13 638
4 546
13 640
13 640
10
10
20 000
300
2 500
9 000
23 500
23 500
5 000
4500
2750
1,100
1 100
2 000
500
5 000
5 000
5 000
1 100
10 000
350
4 546
7 500
2,300
4,500
4 500
9,000
8,000
15,000
12 037
1 100
5 000
4 500
900
545
5 000
8 000
4 800
1 000
6800
45 000
2x7 ml
1 136
450
1 400
2 000
3 000
500
22 000
9 000
20 000
3 200
10 600
1 600
9 000
5 000
10,000
2 500
1 200
1,900
2 500
1 100
9,902
15 000
5 000
1 140
2 500
104
300
680
3 000
4500
13 000
9 092
11 000
2 273
5 000
3 000
3 500
9 000
6 000
FULL
SUPPLY
LEVEL
(m AMSL)
TOTAL
AADD
CURRENT
(kl/d)
DEPTH
Unknown
Unknown
137
4.6
588.2
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
150
226
264
228.5
10
4 284.6
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
9
3.5
3.5
955.1
24.5
148
Unknown
STORAGE
±4
2
2
±4
6
48
1.5
1.5
1
1
1
3
3.2
1
1
Nil
Nil
20.9
12.2
16.9
±2
13.26 m
12.66 m
150
120
6
3.1
157
151.7
9
2.1
220.6
112.9
3
4 175.4
35.8
Unknown
Unknown
109,9
48
1.5
1.5
48
72
9.1
4.4
48
48
48
6
2.4
1
±1
±1
2
2
2
2
2
2-3
PROGRAMME
INSPECTION
STERILISATION
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
N/A
Daily
Daily
N/A
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Daily
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
N/A
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
Daily
N/A
N/A
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
48
238.4
3
78.4
7
72
Weekly
Daily
4.82
80
4.82
3
145
4.4
245.9
3 700
512.6
5
274.3
4.1
3
87.8
2
4.1
Weekly
Daily
Weekly
Daily
Weekly
N/A
N/A
Daily
Daily
N/A
100
1
Monthly
Daily
2.6
3
N/A
NA
N/A
4
1.7
±2
72
2
7.7
1.5
1.9 Ml
72
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
Daily
Weekly
N/A
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
Daily
N/A
N/A
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
±1
±5
72
1.4
11.8
1.3
Weekly
Weekly
N/A
N/A
Weekly
Daily
Daily
Daily
N/A
N/A
1
2
1
92.6
±1
±1
½
1
1
1
48
3
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Daily
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
Daily
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Daily
Daily
76
233.6
157
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
58
107
3.8
6.1
±3
±7
±1
6
3.5
192
163.3
190.8
4.9
5.9
880
800
192.2
225
N/A
N/A
N/A
2 654.9
947.4
Unknown
325
5.9
Unknown
Unknown
168.1
190
217.6
70
148.5
5.2
6
2
4
813.1
211.7
83.2
540
800
2 980
140.4
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
130
140
2.68
Table 6: Bulk Water Service Reservoirs
Service Reservoir
Capacity (Ml)
Blackheath Upper
48.2
Blackheath Lower
537.6
Constantia Nek
3.7
Eastern High Level (Retic)
4.3
Kloof Nek (Retic)
13.6
Molteno (Retic)
29
Newlands Upper
132.6
Newlands Lower (Retic)
46
Oranjezicht (Retic)
16.3
Plattekloof
583.6
Tygerberg #1
33.4
Tygerberg #2
264.3
Wynberg #1
8.4
Wynberg #2
22.2
Faure
614.2
Glen Garry
149.6
Pella 40 (Retic)
40
Pella 10 (Retic)
10
Hospital 20 (Retic)
20
Hospital 10 (Retic)
10
Melkbos A
20
Melkbos B
20
Midlands 10 (NIU)
10
Total
2 825.1
2.69
5.1.7. Existing reticulation infrastructure (by supply zone)
Potable Water Reticulation Network:
From up to eleven sources of potable water, water enters a distribution system of
approximately 10 589 km (GIS 7/2/2012) of pipework and approximately 120 break pressure
tanks, tanks and reservoirs ranging in size from a few kilolitres capacity to up to 650 Ml
capacity Bulk Water Reservoirs.
Thereafter a continually pressurised water distribution pipework ranges from 1 200 mm
diameter bulk mains to the normal 100 mm local street water main.
(There are small
sections where distribution mains are less than 100 mm diameter).
This serves approximately 620 000 metered water connections:
Sewer Reticulation Network:
Sewage and Wastewater generated from the City’s 3,82 million (2011) inhabitants
(approximately 605 000 erven sewer connections) is collected and pumped to the City’s 27
Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW), three Marine Outfalls and two oxidation ponds treat
in total wastewater from a population equivalent (pe) of approximately 6 million people on a
daily basis.
The 21 WWTW’s, namely the Fisantekraal WWTW, is scheduled to be fully operational by
2011.
The infrastructure to enable this comprises of approximately 8 768 km (GIS 7/2/2012) of
sewers, sizes 100 mm to 1800 mm, approximately 200 km rising mains and 381 sewage
pump stations.
2.70
Table 7: Reticulation Infrastructure by supply zones
ZONE NAME
SOURCE RES
RES
TOTAL
(No.)
RES
AADD
(kl/day)
IND
TOTAL
(No.)
IND
AADD
(kl/day)
COMM
TOTAL
(No.)
COMM
AADD
(kl/day)
OTHER
TOTAL
(No.)
OTHER
AADD
(kl/day)
ZONE
AADD
(kl/day)
1
Bakkerskloof
Bakkerskloof
278
325.54
0
0.00
0
0.00
14
21.99
347.52
2
Helderberg College
Helderberg College
699
825.79
0
0.00
21
44.29
256
125.11
995.19
3
Erf1
326
420.13
0
0.00
0
0.00
39
9.70
429.83
4
Helderrand
Erf1
Helderberg
Reservoir
353
483.49
0
0.00
1
1.20
49
24.88
509.58
5
Hillcrest
Hillcrest
145
154.17
0
0.00
0
0.00
20
0.55
154.71
6
Hillcrest PRV
Hillcrest
360
420.98
0
0.00
0
0.00
42
12.55
433.53
7
Bizweni
Bizweni
4 998
3062.52
326
275.00
712
840.33
1 842
2350.49
6528.43
8
Van der Stel PRV
Bizweni
376
243.28
5
1.76
18
32.74
33
46.78
324.56
9
Strand
Faure
3 235
2254.15
145
115.13
232
426.61
541
1061.38
3857.27
10
Rusthof
Faure
8 246
4225.96
210
160.81
161
240.56
963
2541.89
7169.23
11
Waterkloof
Waterkloof
8 712
3062.56
172
345.70
26
8.27
326
183.91
3600.45
12
RomeGlen
RomeGlen
265
224.07
0
0.00
229
0.00
31
27.52
251.59
13
RomeGlen PRV
RomeGlen
127
118.49
0
0.00
0
0.00
7
2.95
121.44
14
Louis Botha
Louis Botha
1 185
1191.06
0
0.00
11
24.20
275
416.84
1632.10
15
Dennehoek
Dennehoek
1 146
675.89
1
0.48
10
222.18
491
927.34
1825.90
16
Lynns View
Lynns View
1 195
946.11
0
0.00
13
10.08
644
687.57
1643.76
17
Bakkerskloof PRV
515
493.11
0
0.00
1
0.28
43
14.98
508.37
18
Helderberg Reservoir
Bakkerskloof
Helderberg
Reservoir
298
405.75
0
0.00
0
0.00
43
23.03
428.78
19
Helderberg College PRV
Helderberg College
97
95.55
0
0.00
0
0.00
20
8.77
104.32
20
Erf2
Erf2
52
86.04
1
9.02
0
0.00
16
7.53
102.58
21
Erf2 Booster
16
24.78
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
0.00
24.78
22
Helderrand Booster
41
97.96
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
0.00
97.95
23
Helderrand Prv1
60
112.83
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
8.82
121.65
24
Helderrand Prv2
Erf2
Helderberg
Reservoir
Helderberg
Reservoir
Helderberg
Reservoir
182
240.45
0
0.00
1
31.34
37
33.28
305.07
25
Wingerd PRV
Wingerd
177
180.86
0
0.00
0
0.00
6
0.00
180.86
26
Triangle
Faure
3
1.35
75
477.80
303
717.65
30
8.60
1205.45
27
Firgrove
Firgrove
408
250.54
22
87.81
5
8.41
33
27.25
374.02
2.71
28
Macassar
Macassar
6 518
1996.00
119
131.60
485
112.14
1 072
502.08
2741.89
29
Mountainside
Mountainside
3 231
1551.22
47
27.67
40
110.64
660
1115.53
2805.06
30
Upper Mountainside
Upper Mountainside
385
207.91
0
0.00
0
0.00
23
0.52
208.43
31
Upper Mountainside PRV1
Upper Mountainside
334
124.27
0
0.00
0
0.00
63
70.70
194.97
32
Upper Mountainside PRV 2
Upper Mountainside
41
30.42
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
0.00
30.42
33
Old Mountainside
Old Mountainside
100
79.34
0
0.00
0
0.00
18
1.94
81.28
34
High Pressure
High Pressure
321
206.33
0
0.00
1
1.19
39
22.26
229.79
35
High Pressure PRV
High Pressure
54
38.52
0
0.00
4
29.98
7
0.74
69.25
36
Low Pressure
Low Pressure
214
123.69
0
0.00
36
59.36
79
162.87
345.93
37
Drommedaris Street PRV
Faure
114
77.52
0
0.00
0
0.00
13
0.57
78.09
38
Sea Viev Close Booster
Faure
14
10.60
0
0.00
0
0.00
3
0.00
10.59
39
Sir Lowry's Pass
Sir Lowry's Pass
1 009
349.13
0
0.00
6
13.37
208
250.27
612.78
40
Sir Lowry's Pass booster
Sir Lowry's Pass
73
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
17
63.29
63.29
41
Ex CCC Zone
CMC110
3 718
2314.23
146
589.10
158
526.61
663
1105.38
4535.35
42
Ex CCC PRV Zone
CMC110
1 926
1203.37
8
18.99
176
638.33
296
499.00
2359.69
43
Molteno
CMC110
2 036
1446.12
917
3531.60
2 587
10094.40
9 641
17817.58
32889.41
44
CMC110
2
2.83
346
1991.74
16
70.05
54
31.75
2096.38
45
Epping
Edgemead Goodwood Monte Vista
Tygerdal
CMC110
6 285
4387.17
478
835.52
691
1571.90
1 064
1042.25
7836.85
46
Edgemead_Monte Vista
CMC110
5 577
4099.92
0
0.00
67
112.09
284
228.45
4440.46
47
Plattekloof Low
Plattekloof Low
509
551.49
0
0.00
14
142.42
259
311.85
1005.76
48
Plattekloof High
Plattekloof High
418
495.03
0
0.00
2
0.00
78
17.94
512.97
49
CMC110
2 229
2147.92
0
0.00
12
36.29
156
536.89
2721.11
50
Panorama Welgelegen
Beaconvale Churchill Estate Richmond
Parow Klipkop
CMC110
8 965
5887.45
723
3403.72
647
1390.05
1 322
2239.43
12920.65
51
Elsies River Ruyterwacht
CMC110
13 669
8170.16
28
30.18
223
256.74
1 858
2633.26
11090.35
52
Montevideo Nooitgedacht
CMC110
150
92.72
399
749.40
9
18.18
74
95.89
956.24
53
Khayelitsha Site C
CMC110
7 206
3.58
17
0.00
24
6.97
127
60.31
70.87
54
Zevenwacht
2 335
1672.60
0
0.00
18
70.09
226
260.96
2003.65
55
Zevenwacht
Electric City Forest Village Hillcrest
Heights Tus
CMC110
7 915
3777.98
5
102.40
1 908
115.75
1 905
246.35
4242.52
56
Kleinvlei Town Rosedale Forest Heights
CMC110
5 455
2438.56
1
3.83
108
12.58
292
289.68
2744.65
57
Eersterivier
CMC110
5 611
3056.34
12
121.10
377
74.73
355
372.43
3624.61
58
Belhar
CMC110
8 832
5205.18
20
0.00
79
37.83
593
1068.35
6311.37
59
Delft PRV
CMC110
21 183
8398.92
19
0.55
85
36.24
9 905
472.47
8908.18
2.72
60
Brentwood Park
CMC110
0
0.00
61
Driftsands
CMC110
494
62
Mfuleni
CMC110
8 422
390.12
0
0.00
2
0.00
18
15.62
405.74
3291.21
17
0.45
28
10.16
184
166.72
3468.55
63
Verwoerd High
Verwoerd High
283
64
Verwoerd Low
Verwoerd Low
1 854
357.74
0
0.00
9
17.29
44
13.15
388.19
1585.11
1
5.75
31
50.14
264
326.48
1967.48
65
Pinelands
CMC110
3 095
66
Bishop Lavis
CMC110
3 762
3025.79
8
80.35
67
449.81
273
1206.28
4762.24
2007.38
0
0.00
22
14.27
143
418.01
67
Mitchells Plain PRV
CMC110
2439.67
59 304
30990.88
40
113.30
486
972.96
3 841
4096.94
36174.10
68
Wesbank
69
Ottery
CMC110
5 432
1743.25
1
0.17
8
0.20
111
97.10
1840.73
CMC110
822
517.32
3
0.34
8
3.28
76
138.41
70
659.36
Plumstead Retreat
CMC110
29 571
16691.23
472
1790.90
673
1172.93
5 996
8968.50
28623.09
71
Grassy Park
CMC110
10 980
7495.78
10
10.65
178
258.30
1 458
1780.18
9544.92
72
Zevenwacht Heights
1 601
1377.06
2
17.11
233
26.22
292
293.74
1714.14
CMC110
36 123
25466.31
473
1805.60
1 402
1595.12
4 641
6659.96
35526.77
74
Zevenwacht Heights
Aathlone Lansdowne Manenberg
Rondebosch
Kensington Maitland N'dabeni Pinelands
Windermere
CMC110
4 592
2925.59
347
2427.25
436
794.13
1 855
3675.52
9822.50
75
Khayelitsha
CMC110
45 338
19883.89
302
16.69
186
123.24
2 196
1039.87
21063.70
76
CMC110
4 175
2215.50
694
1109.20
61
24.23
287
227.73
3576.83
77
Blue Downs
Charlesville Durehim Kalksteenfontein
Valhalla Park
CMC110
1 306
915.97
2
9.53
99
102.77
9 746
5113.39
6141.68
78
Crossroads Guguletu Nyanga Philippi
CMC110
21 380
12801.48
187
242.6
190
199.23
1 141
1809.05
15052.46
79
Heinz Park
CMC110
13 758
8114.18
13
32.34
59
23.91
859
528.65
8699.09
80
Kuils River
CMC110
9 621
5932.34
93
463.63
273
347.52
931
1057.20
7800.70
81
Thornton Epping Ind Langa
CMC110
4 565
3691.25
213
3655.65
112
169.75
635
1048.46
8565.13
82
Pelikan Park
1 004
741.31
0
0.00
2
4.30
49
74.36
819.98
83
Ocean View / Brakkloof
CMC110
Ocean View /
Brakkloof
706
166.37
0
0.00
4
0.65
41
0.00
167.03
84
Mount Rhodes
Mount Rhodes
44
51.53
0
0.00
0
0.00
3
2.57
54.11
85
Constantia Nek PRV
Constantia Nek
158
260.26
0
0.00
0
0.00
117
426.39
686.65
86
Hout Bay PRV
Hout Bay
1 572
1163.55
4
1.32
168
278.02
321
811.44
2254.35
87
Hout Bay PRV2
Hout Bay
83
44.67
26
35.10
0
0.00
23
41.43
121.20
88
Hout Bay Heights
Hout Bay Heights
32
29.39
0
0.00
0
0.00
5
0.50
29.90
89
Victoria
Victoria
0
0.00
0
0.00
7
21.26
23
1766.27
1787.54
90
Patterson
Patterson
57
30.82
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
30.82
91
Murdoch Valley
Murdoch Valley
352
173.51
0
0.00
3
0.44
43
27.84
201.80
73
274
122.86
5
1.57
27
0.58
125.02
2.73
92
Bierman
Bierman
849
426.76
0
0.00
55
64.68
208
93
Neptune Reservoir
Neptune Reservoir
94
Da Gama Park Top (PRV)
Da Gama
95
Glencairn Heights
236
96
Fish Hoek High Level
Glencairn Heights
Fish Hoek High
Level
97
Wynberg
Wynberg
98
Swaanswyk Lower
99
Swaanswyk Upper
100
Price Drive
101
540.05
1031.50
87
38.13
0
0.00
0
0.00
5
2.18
40.31
347
187.82
0
0.00
0
0.00
6
32.76
220.59
135.70
0
0.00
0
0.00
4
1.51
137.21
383
180.40
0
0.00
3
0.00
69
205.65
386.05
11 708
9155.03
188
500.30
603
1638.00
4 312
12088.91
23382.32
Swaanswyk Lower
94
168.33
0
0.00
0
0.00
17
28.65
196.99
Swaanswyk Upper
43
69.22
0
0.00
0
0.00
4
4.91
74.13
Price Drive
104
153.47
0
0.00
0
0.00
24
64.78
218.25
Constantia Nek
Constantia Nek
143
263.84
0
0.00
2
1.81
37
5.68
271.34
102
Constantia Nek Minor
Constantia Nek
18
27.67
0
0.00
0
0.00
17
22.66
50.33
103
CT Newlands Upper
Newlands Upper
2 149
2457.90
16
48.33
107
124.20
1 640
5366.32
7996.85
104
CT Newlands
Newlands
4 471
3460.74
63
278.40
427
2167.01
3 520
6263.91
12170.16
105
Ranger Road Upper
Ranger Road Upper
1 121
678.73
0
0.00
2
2.11
142
59.07
739.91
106
Ranger Road Lower
Ranger Road Lower
2 877
1514.91
0
0.00
96
179.79
493
538.93
2233.64
107
San Michel
San Michel
553
461.95
0
0.00
4
0.00
133
161.33
623.28
108
Da Gama Park Top
Da Gama
487.29
109
Neptune PRV
Neptune
110
Brakkloof
Brakkloof
111
Suikerbossie PRV2
Suikerbossie
112
Suikerbossie PRV1
Suikerbossie
113
Westlake
Westlake
114
Suikerbossie
115
Constantia Nek Reservoir
116
Hout Bay Reservoir
117
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
4
487.29
682
360.78
7
21.69
12
22.33
44
17.35
422.16
7 731
4178.70
113
184.10
63
203.81
1 220
2035.27
6602.00
61
86.53
0
0.00
0
0.00
7
3.94
90.47
100
101.14
0
0.00
0
0.00
8
1.21
102.35
69
116.58
0
0.00
8
70.00
10
12.88
199.47
Suikerbossie
423
447.91
0
0.00
0
0.00
59
122.37
570.29
Constantia Nek
440
399.69
0
0.00
2
4.75
235
523.81
928.26
Hout Bay
1 697
1065.90
1
0.92
11
16.06
791
627.49
1710.38
CT Monterey
Monterey
982
1552.62
0
0.00
1
3.29
83
47.91
1603.83
118
Monterey
Monterey
784
1064.20
0
0.00
10
62.97
161
365.34
1492.55
119
Monterey PRV
Monterey
205
276.21
0
0.00
0
0.00
16
11.89
288.11
120
Klein Constantia booster
Wynberg
29
36.06
0
0.00
0
0.00
5
1.48
37.55
121
Wynberg PRV1
Wynberg
1 213
789.51
2
1.25
28
51.75
142
5003.92
5846.45
122
Wynberg PRV2
Wynberg
1 040
780.80
2
73.66
4
16.23
63
628.81
1499.52
123
Sea Point 2
Sea Point
189
333.52
0
0.00
2
2.14
4
0.81
336.48
124
Kloofnek 2
Kloofnek
120
197.89
0
0.00
0
0.00
50
57.20
255.09
2.74
125
Kloofnek 3
Kloofnek
21
18.20
0
0.00
16
21.53
60
148.69
188.43
126
Camps Bay 4
127
Camps Bay 3
Camps Bay
658
731.53
0
0.00
27
122.44
269
377.08
1231.06
Camps Bay
357
456.23
0
0.00
3
6.94
87
176.81
128
640.00
Camps Bay 2
Camps Bay
256
382.44
0
0.00
0
0.00
65
80.26
462.70
129
Camps Bay 1
Camps Bay
354
470.31
0
0.00
4
4.61
48
68.43
543.36
130
Oranjezicht 1
Oranjezicht
753
836.65
0
0.00
3
7.38
269
372.67
1216.71
131
Kloofnek 1
Kloofnek
198
340.68
0
0.00
4
5.25
58
36.72
382.66
132
Sea Point 1
Sea Point
609
707.50
0
0.00
0
0.00
345
522.51
1230.02
133
Sea Point 3
Sea Point
356
420.16
0
0.00
4
8.06
485
857.47
1285.70
134
Oranjezicht 3
Oranjezicht
454
328.57
4
5.12
96
143.39
1 501
2170.92
2648.02
135
Oranjezicht 2
Oranjezicht
1 238
1072.70
0
0.00
27
51.44
1 203
1776.86
2901.09
136
Melkbos Booster
Melkbos
645
704.33
0
0.00
0
0.00
68
170.68
875.02
137
Mamre
Pella
1 863
839.00
2
0.20
28
22.61
112
23.41
885.23
138
Atlantis Residential
Pella
10 132
5287.89
11
7.83
94
157.22
913
1511.46
6964.42
139
Atlantis Industrial
Pella
4
41.06
379
2109.70
13
17.26
40
46.32
2214.46
140
Melkbos
Melkbos
12 528
9648.25
5
68.60
205
1086.07
1 505
5850.05
16652.93
141
Milnerton Zone
Milnerton
17 130
11704.52
1 317
4602.18
193
1117.97
2 986
5094.83
22519.52
142
Ruwari Booster
Ruwari
1 575
989.51
5
48.19
6
18.75
163
149.69
1206.15
143
Ruwari
Ruwari
2 013
1497.13
7
5.04
19
27.71
220
273.99
1803.88
144
Scottsdene
Scottsdene
4 729
2636.76
1
4.85
21
15.08
394
421.909
3078.61
145
Bloekombos PRV
Bloekombos
2 238
173.20
0
0.00
4
0.00
58
15.79
188.99
146
De Nova PRV
1 832
1155.85
67
216.40
102
124.27
289
301.05
1797.66
147
Bloekombos/Wallacedene
De Nova
Bloekombos/Wallac
edene
5 634
2625.47
0
0.00
55
27.29
399
79.07
2731.83
148
Andrag
Andrag
2 072
1407.43
514
990.72
42
77.96
182
617.54
3093.67
149
Vredekloof Booster
Andrag
384
396.42
0
0.00
5
0.00
12
0.83
397.25
150
De waal Booster
Brackenfell
99
93.04
0
0.00
0
0.00
1
0.00
93.04
151
Brackenfell
Brackenfell
1 723
882.38
29
844.30
30
123.40
255
991.70
2841.87
152
Langeberg
Langeberg
9 015
5473.40
21
58.64
130
113.87
1 594
1338.17
6984.09
153
Dagbreek
Dagbreek
3 734
3279.74
0
0.00
47
90.45
478
910.86
4281.06
154
Aurora
Aurora
155
Sunshine
Sunshine
156
Loevenstein PRV
Loevenstein
157
Kenridge PRV 3
Kenridge
939
1019.66
0
0.00
5
28.63
78
206.06
1254.35
1 901
1340.89
3
7.94
394
1265.64
452
843.58
3458.06
80
69.64
0
0.00
2
2.40
5
4.26
76.32
129
101.60
0
0.00
13
41.56
36
81.35
224.52
2.75
158
Welgemoed Booster
Welgemoed Upper
159
Loevenstein
Loevenstein
160
Blomtuin
Blomtuin
161
Almeria Booster
Scottsdene
162
Altydgedacht
Altydgedacht
163
Mikpunt
Mikpunt
164
Klipheuwel
Klipheuwel
165
Brick & Clay
Brick & Clay
166
Kenridge PRV 1
167
Kenridge PRV 2
168
Welgemoed Upper
Welgemoed Upper
169
Welgemoed Upper PRV
Welgemoed Upper
170
Welgemoed Lower
Welgemoed Lower
171
Race Cource
Race Cource/Spes
172
Kenridge
173
Protea Vallei
174
Dagbreek PRV
175
Philadelphia
71
102.96
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
0.00
102.96
859
937.79
0
0.00
12
18.73
189
321.18
1277.70
5 425
3057.06
859
2003.76
261
898.92
1 095
3313.72
9273.45
39
23.31
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
3.64
26.96
378
471.50
0
0.00
0
0.00
19
31.40
502.90
90.34
16
10.38
1
0.70
0
0.00
153
79.24
144
72.08
0
0.00
10
0.00
12
0.09
72.18
6 375
5075.85
83
62.15
275
1959.09
839
1289.89
8386.99
Kenridge
260
193.41
0
0.00
0
0.00
61
81.97
275.38
Kenridge
497
559.51
0
0.00
4
4.92
25
102.89
667.33
1 014
1190.71
0
0.00
2
0.62
118
36.96
1228.29
363
474.08
0
0.00
0
0.00
42
20.52
494.61
2 046
2264.35
0
0.00
14
42.50
454
386.72
2693.59
12 250
7803.25
19
51.36
260
838.65
1 682
2310.28
11003.55
Kenridge
1 174
1274.62
0
0.00
93
153.00
167
246.46
1674.09
Protea Vallei
2 001
1172.05
1
4.43
1
0.15
332
133.89
1310.53
Dagbreek
220
242.02
0
0.00
0
0.00
13
7.55
249.57
Philadelphia
126
82.48
2
1.08
10
10.60
24
8.28
102.51
2.76
The distribution network is made up of a number of localised networks roughly based on
pre 1997 Municipal boundaries.
Whilst great strides have been made in producing a uniform and accurate network Asset
Register based on a GIS platform, many field checks will have to and are continually
being performed to verify information accuracy.
A system for network checking has been introduced and this is yielding results.
However, this methodology needs to be reinforced by GPS/GIS staffing acquisitions.
An approximate age analysis of the networks is as follows:
Table 8: Approximate Age of Water Pipes
Years
Length (m)
0 – 10
1 167 676.00
11 – 20
3 074 186.00
21 – 30
1 419 872.00
31 – 40
1 049 672.00
41 – 50
1 148 060.00
51 – 60
266 974.00
> 60
1 824 960.00
Total
9 951 400.00 (5% error)
2.77
An approximate materials analysis of the water network from GIS is as follows:
Table 9: Materials of Pipes
Material
Length (km)
PVC and uPVC
589
GRP
12
Fibre-cement
7 429
HDPE
42
Steel lined and sheathed
166
Pre-stressed concrete
3
Cast-iron
296
Cast-iron (lined)
503
Steel
541
Unknown
173
2.78
An approximate size analysis of the water network from GIS is as follows:
Table 10: Pipe Sizes
Nominal Diameter
Length (km)
50
253
75
1 223
100
4 592
125
50
150
1 727
200
242
225
538
250
149
300
422
350
71
380
71
400
86
450
118
500
109
600
58
685
25
700
9
800
4
900
1
1 000
1
1 220
5
2.79
5.1.9. Existing Sanitation Infrastructure
Stormwater ingress into sewers is one of the major problems facing Water and Sanitation
Services in CCT. The ingress negatively impacts on the capacity of the conveyance system,
as well as that of the wastewater works.
Replacing of stolen and broken covers is done on a routine basis and the replacement of
pitch fiber replacement is approximately 25% complete.
Silt, in the Cape Flats sewers, remains a problem because of insufficient capacity.
The City experiences a high sewer blockage rate.
The City’s uniquely flat and sandy
topography has an effect on this blockage rate, however, a strategy focused on improved
operations and maintenance interventions would significantly reduce blockage incidents.
Staff attrition at both the technical and work team levels have reduced the ability to timeously
investigate blockages thereby reducing blockage recurrences/frequencies. Some examples
are:

Blockages brought on by cracked pipes. This cause would only be revealed once
camera inspections are carried out,

Deteriorating quality of pipe allowing ingress of sand and roots which would only be
revealed by camera inspections,

Implementation of investigations and corrective actions for the minimization of blockages
due to the deposition of matter harmful to the proper functioning of the sewer system.
With a view to informing pro-active sewer maintenance, programmed CCTV inspections of
the sewer system are currently not being consistently carried out. Consistent CCTV
inspections are a prerequisite for the effective management of these assets.
Where
inspections are carried out, it is predominantly on an ad hoc basis to address persistent and
vexing local problems.
The sewer network performance is largely based on the number of blockages experienced.
At a very high level, this is contributing to the deterioration of coastal and inland water
quality.
2.80
A breakdown of Factors causing Blockages is as follows:
Roots - 23% of blockages
Blockages caused by roots are an indication of a deteriorating network in that the particular
pipes have been compromised to allow root ingress (normally through joints). These are be
temporarily treated by specialised cleaning of sewers.
Fats - 20% of blockages
Networks subjected to fat build-up/blockage problems can be cleaned by Council staff or
contractors, under existing contracts.
Infrastructure that would act as fat traps should, in most cases, already be constructed on
private premises. Fines to control discharges into sewers have recently been revised to
R1 000,00 per contravention but need to be enforced.
Staff acquisition processes must enable increased liaison between the Effluent Inspectorate
and District technical staff that will be tasked to interrogate sewer blockages, on a daily
basis. This increased liaison and by-law enforcement should reduce the ingress of fats into
the sewer network thereby reducing the resultant number of blockages. Blockages due to
fats do not indicate defective sewer networks but reflect on deficiencies in by-law application
and enforcement.
Ingress of Sand - 9% of blockages
A monitoring of the frequency and locations of blockages by sand will indicate what preemptive measures need to be put into place, be it the construction of sand traps, location of
defective infrastructure allowing sand ingress or any other appropriate intervention.
Improved blockage monitoring capacity at the district level and by-law enforcement capacity
should assist in the reduction of sand ingress into the sewer system.
Additional District technical staffing levels would allow increased sewer cleaning rates
thereby further decreasing blockages by sand.
2.81
Attendance to blockages: Foreign Objects (42%) and Building Rubble (6%)
In order to increase public awareness a “blockages” poster have been designed. Posters
have been distributed at various events and localities which are afflicted by the blockages
caused by “foreign objects” (Rags and solid waste of various types). Further distribution
may be beneficial.
Close scrutiny of building sites could reveal sources of building rubble, be it resulting from
unsupervised breaking into the sewer system or disposal of building material.
Increase in the number of Water and Effluent Inspectors would facilitate by-law enforcement
that could result in reduced blockages attributed to building rubble.
In some areas, sewers appear to be an appropriate receptacle for the disposal of
inappropriate objects such as carcasses, engine parts, furniture, etc. In these areas the
installation of lockable manhole covers could provide solutions.
A wastewater collection system is subject to a variety of operational problems. Depending on
the wastewater flow characteristics, surrounding soils condition, and quality of construction,
the pipeline can suffer from clogging, scouring, corrosion, collapse, and, ultimately, the
system's deterioration.
The collection system is designed to serve for a specific useful life. Hence, it is incumbent for
the City to provide adequate operation and maintenance to maximize the benefit throughout
its operationally useful life.
Maintaining adequate sewer pipeline capacity and avoiding backups and overflows are more
important than ever.
2.82
Estimated Sewer Pipe Material (GIS figures need confirmation)
Table 11: Sewer Pipe Material
Material - Sewer
Length (km)
AC
5.30
Brick
44.45
Cast Iron
6.12
Clay
352.82
Concrete
22.77
FC
1165.68
Glass Fibre: Reinforced
1.94
HDPE
13.88
HDPVC
0.31
Pitch Fibre
Precast
130.60
0.03
PVC
107.90
Unknown
6232.69
mPVC
0.51
uPVC
370.55
8455.56
2.83
Estimated Sewer Pipe Size and Length (GIS figures need confirmation)
Table 12: Sewer Pipe Size and Length
Diameter – Sewer
Length (m)
Length (km)
100
132699.40
132.70
110
23775.41
23.78
150
5012034.39
5012.03
160
449245.24
449.25
200
225124.94
225.12
225
492903.33
492.90
250
117089.94
117.09
300
276364.23
276.36
350
21452.79
21.45
375
91298.45
91.30
400
28319.36
28.32
450
79732.07
79.73
500
23605.27
23.61
525
37912.15
37.91
600
72099.35
72.10
675
11412.71
11.41
700
6428.09
6.43
750
15883.38
15.88
760
2718.34
2.72
800
27269.38
27.27
825
7438.38
7.44
840
1543.04
1.54
900
31878.37
31.88
975
3418.93
3.42
1000
8973.28
8.97
1050
6355.31
6.36
2.84
Diameter – Sewer
Length (m)
Length (km)
1067
1153.44
1.15
1200
2911.41
2.91
1350
2175.17
2.18
1372
1711.39
1.71
1500
1963.16
1.96
1675
1562.75
1.56
7218452.86
7218.45
A recent review of GIS data in 2011, indicates that approximately 128 km of problematic
pitch fibre pipe and 291 km of clay pipe is still present in the networks.
In addition, close condition inspection is required of the approximately 360 km of bulk sewer
mains of diameter greater than 400 mm.
2.85
5.1.10. Existing Waste Water Treatment works infrastructure
The wastewater system, similar to the water system, consists of a bulk system and an
internal Reticulation system. Tygerberg Hill forms the watershed, with wastewater draining
towards the wastewater works, many of which are located next to the coast.
The lack of sufficient financial investment into wastewater treatment infrastructure has had
an effect on the essential maintenance and upgrading of infrastructure.
Growth in funding diverted to wastewater infrastructure has resulted in improved wastewater
treatment processes, effluent quality, sludge management, effluent re-use and the creation
of treatment capacity. This in turn improved the re-use potential of wastewater effluent.
All of the City’s 21 WWTWs have to be upgraded to meet the DWA’s requirements. For the
Financial Year 2010/2011, the average compliance level of treated effluent quality stood at
83.7% - see Figure 5.
Percentage
Wastewater Treatment Plants Average Compliance
(1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011)
120.0
100.0
Individual
Plant
Compliance
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
Average
Plant
Compliance
0.0
WWTW
Figure 4: Waste Water Treatment Plant Average Compliance for 2010/11 financial year
Athlone, Bellville, Borchards Quarry, Kraaifontein, Mitchells Plain and Simons Town fall
below the average compliance line of 83%. Cape Flats, Gordons Bay, Klipheuwel,
Llandudno, Macassar, Melkbostrand, Millers Point, Oudekraal, Parow, Potsdam, Scottsdene,
Wesfleur Domestic, Wesfleur Industrial, Wildevoelvlei and Zandvliet fall above the average
compliance line.
2.86
Table 13: Waste Water Treatment Compliance/Non-compliance
WWT Plant
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
Average
Compliance %
Total
COD
TSS
NH3
Total
Samples
Analysed
Ecoli
Samples
Compliant
Non-
Compliant
compliant
Non-
Compliant
compliant
Non-
Analysed
Compliant
compliant
Noncompliant
Athlone
68
54
14
42
26
12
56
66
45
21
56.8
Bellville
52
28
24
29
23
19
33
78
11
67
40.1
Borchards Quarry
52
44
8
45
7
49
3
47
22
25
78.0
Cape Flats
52
44
8
45
7
29
23
48
47
1
81.2
Gordons Bay
48
48
0
48
0
42
6
47
44
3
95.3
Klipheuwel
48
44
4
47
1
33
15
47
45
2
88.5
Kraaifontein
48
23
25
45
3
7
41
47
43
4
61.9
Llandudno
51
51
0
46
5
51
0
47
45
2
96.5
Macassar
50
50
0
46
4
49
1
47
47
0
97.5
Melkbosstrand
52
52
0
52
0
52
0
46
42
4
97.8
Millers Point
51
48
3
51
0
49
2
43
41
2
96.4
2.87
WWT Plant
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
Average
Compliance %
Total
COD
TSS
NH3
Total
Samples
Analysed
Ecoli
Samples
Compliant
Non-
Compliant
compliant
Non-
Compliant
compliant
Non-
Analysed
Compliant
compliant
Noncompliant
Mitchells Plain
50
33
17
34
16
27
23
47
9
38
51.8
Oudekraal
54
53
0
40
12
50
3
47
47
0
91.2
Parow
49
46
3
43
6
44
5
46
36
10
87.4
Potsdam
52
52
0
52
0
52
0
49
40
9
95.4
Scottsdene
49
48
1
47
2
48
1
47
44
3
96.4
Simons Town
52
29
23
45
7
37
15
46
38
8
74.0
52
52
0
52
0
52
0
46
45
1
99.5
52
49
3
52
0
50
2
48
36
12
91.3
Wildevoelvlei
52
45
7
47
5
44
8
43
41
2
89.2
Zandvliet
47
45
2
44
3
37
10
136
129
7
90.7
1 081
938
142
952
127
833
247
1 118
897
221
83 (±1%)
Wesfleur
Domestic
Wesfleur
Industrial
Total:
2.88
Wastewater Treatment Plants Average Compliance for COD
(1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011)
120.0
100.0
80.0
% COD
Compliance
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Ave COD
Compliance
Figure 5: Waste Water Treatment Plants Average Compliance for COD (2010/11)
The average compliance for COD is 86.8%. Eight of the 21 WWTW fall below the average
compliance level. These include Athlone, Bellville, Borchards Quarry, Cape Flats,
Kraaifontein, Mitchells Plain, Simons Town and Wildevoelvlei. The remainding WWTW fall
above the average compliance for COD, Gordons Bay, Klipheuwel, Llandudno, Macassar,
Melkbosstrand, Millers Point, Oudekraal, Parow, Potsdam, Scottsdene, Wesfleur Domestic,
Wesfleur Industrial, and Zandvliet.
2.89
Wastewater Treatment Plants Average Compliance for TSS
(1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011)
120.0
100.0
% TSS
Compliance
80.0
60.0
40.0
Ave TSS
Compliance
20.0
0.0
Figure 6: Waste Water Treatment Plants Average Compliance for TSS (2010/11)
The average compliance for TSS is 88.1%. Four of the 21 WWTW fall below the average
compliance level. These include Athlone, Bellville, Mitchells Plain, and Oudekraal. The
remainding WWTW fall above the average compliance for TSS, Borchards Quarry, Cape
Flats, Gordons Bay, Klipheuwel, Kraaifontein, Llandudno, Macassar, Melkbosstrand, Millers
Point, Parow, Potsdam, Scottsdene, Simons Town, Wesfleur Domestic, Wesfleur Industrial,
Wildevoelvlei and Zandvliet.
2.90
Wastewater Treatment Plants Average Compliance for Ammonia
(1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011)
Percentage
120.0
100.0
% Ammonia
Compliance
80.0
60.0
40.0
Ave Ammonia
Compliance
20.0
0.0
WWTW
Figure 7: Waste Water Treatment Plants Average Compliance for Ammonia (2010/11)
The average compliance for Ammonia is 77.1%. Seven of the 21 WWTW fall below the
average compliance level. These include Athlone, Bellville, Cape Flats,Klipheuwel,
Kraaifontein, Mitchells Plain and Simons Town. The remainding WWTW fall above the
average compliance for Ammonia, Borchards Quarry, Gordons Bay, Llandudno, Macassar,
Melkbosstrand, Millers Point, Oudekraal, Parow, Potsdam, Scottsdene, Wesfleur Domestic,
Wesfleur Industrial, Wildevoelvlei and Zandvliet.
2.91
5.1.11. Regulatory and Enforcement Framework
The City of Cape Town will strengthen the enforcement of its by-laws related to water, in
accordance
with
the
new
fine
structure
approved
by
the
Chief
Magistrate.
The City has a number of water by-laws in place to define its standards, protect existing
infrastructure and the environment, as well as to ensure the health and safety of its
residents. This focus on enforcement forms part of the City’s on-going efforts to strengthen
water conservation programmes and improve water quality across Cape Town and to ensure
that the security of our water supply is not compromised.
To date, 18 Peace Officers have been appointed to enforce the by-laws related to Water;
Wastewater and Industrial Effluent; Treated Effluent; and Stormwater Management.
In addition, a partnership has been forged between the existing Water and Sanitation
Inspectors and the City’s Law Enforcement Officers to further increase the enforcement
capacity for enforcement of by-laws related to water.
During the month of March 2012 and as part of the City’s Water Month campaign, Water
Pollution Control Inspectors, in collaboration with the City’s Law Enforcement Officers,
issued 60 spot fines amounting to R60 000 to offenders who contravened the Stormwater
Management By-law.
In total, 207 fines amounting to R207 000 have been issued thus far for contraventions
relating to this by-law alone. Where the extent of damage to infrastructure exceeds the value
of R1 000 full legal actions is instituted against the offender. Eight cases are being
processed.
Most of the fines issued related to industries that discharged illegal substances into the
stormwater system. In addition to the fines issued, they were also requested to take remedial
action within a stipulated timeframe or face further consequences.
Recently, the Chief Magistrate charged with Municipal Courts approved spot fines ranging
from R500 to R2 500 for the City’s other by-laws related to water and sanitation:

Water By-Law (Promulgated 18 February 2011)

Wastewater and Industrial Effluent By-Law (Promulgated 1 September 2006)

Treated Effluent By-Law (Promulgated 30 July 2010)
2.92
Please See Annexure 5.1: Chief Magistrate Admission of Guilt Fines for both Treated
Effluent Bylaw and the Wastewater and Industrial effluent Bylaw.
2.93