Electronic Supplementary Material Appendix Table 1. Total number of returned searches in NIH grant databases, type and number of exclusions, number of grants identified, and total number of trials analyzed Number a Total grant years retrieved from searches from NIH grant databases 5,810 Additional grants found in NHLBI search 18 Duplicate years of funding removed from same grant 3,315 Number of grant abstracts reviewed after removing duplicate years of funding 2,513 Duplicate sites, ancillary studies or coordinating centers from same grant 933 Abstracts excluded after review, reasons below K or T award 40 No human subject approval required 130 Only children included 122 No human participants; only biospecimens, etc 35 Animal 22 Lung related 114 Blood, circulatory related 144 Genetics, gene therapy, genotype guided 46 Not randomized clinical trial 201 Active grant 266 Kidney related 30 Stem cells related 10 Technology/measurement development 49 Hypo/hyperthermia related 2 Cell therapy related 3 No cardiovascular or diabetes outcome 13 Pilot, feasibility studies 6 Imaging only studies 3 Registries, networks, repositories 22 Service, delivery 33 Surgery 13 Media 14 Abstract aimed to analyzed only sub-groups 2 Transplants 12 Device/procedures 18 Biologics 1 Drug trial 71 Liver 18 Urinary 13 Cystic Fibrosis 6 Digestion 5 IBS 6 Pancreas 2 Skin, wound 2 Full-text articles searched and reviewed 106 Article not published 20 Articles excluded, reasons below 48 Duplicate site, ancillary study 9 Drug trials 6 Not RCTs 10 Device/technology 1 Community trials 6 Randomized clusters (clinics, churches) 5 Intervention of physicians adhering to guidelines 5 Not behavior change intervention 3 Insufficient data reported to include 2 Liver 1 Grant with published outcome retained 38 a. NIH grant databases searched were QVR, Reporter and CRISP