ANNUAL REPORT: June 1, 2008 – May 31, 2009 (i.e., Summer 2008, AY 2008-2009) DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOREST BIOLOGY SUNY-ESF NAME: Thomas R. Horton I. INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES 1. Regular Course Offerings Course No. Title Credit Hrs. No. Students No. of Lab. Sections SUMMER: None FALL: None (sabbatical) SPRING: EFB 428 Mycorrhizal Ecology EFB 628 Mycorrhizal Ecology EFB 797 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 3 3 1 15 1 3 2 1 1 2. Non-Scheduled Course Offerings (e.g., 496, 899, 999) Course No. EST 400 EFB 420 EFB 498 ESF 499 EFB 798 EFB 899 Title Senior Paper Internship/EFB Resrch Prob/Env&For Bio Honors Thesis/Project Resrch Prob/Env&For Bio Masters Thesis Research Credit Hrs. No. Students 1 1 2 3 1-3 7 1 1 1 1 5-12 3 3. Continuing Education and Extension (short courses, workshops, etc.) 4. Guest Lecture Activities Course No. Title EFB 530 Plant Physiology EFB 445/645 Plant Ecology BTC 132 Biotech Freshman seminar No. of Lectures 1 1 1 II. STUDENT ADVISING A. Number of undergraduates for whom you are the student’s official advisor 12 and unofficial advisor ~5__ . B. Graduate Students: (Name, degree sought, starting date, month & year; if a degree was completed, please give date and full citation for the thesis or dissertation). MAJOR PROFESSOR Michael O’Brien, MS, May 2007, Finished May 2009. Examining the role of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities on soil inoculum potential and hemlock seedling establishment. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Tera Galante: M.S., August 2007 Joe Vineis: M. S., May 2008 Yazmin Rivera: Ph.D. (I have taken over as MP for Annette Kretzer – paperwork needs to be done) Lorien Sopchak: M.P.S., August 2008 Sara Falanga: M.P.S., August 2009 (commitment letter received) Students accepted but commitment letters not yet received Samantha Knowlden, MPS Kristopher Hennig, MS Mathew Tourtellot, MS CO-MAJOR PROFESSOR Erin Page, MS, August 2004 – Environmental Science, Finished August 2008. Above and below ground characteristics of reference and restored wetlands of central New York with an emphasis on mycorrhizal ecology. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Smardon Co-MP. Michael Hough MS, Finished December 2008. Possible limiting agents to the early establishment and growth of understory herbs in post-agricultural forests in central New York. McGee Co-MP. MEMBER, STEERING COMMITTEE (other than those listed above) Alix Contasta, PhD, (Serita Frey, University of New Hampshire) Kathleen Pitcher, MS (Kretzer) Brienne Meyer, MS (Weir) Dan Moebius-Clune PhD (Teresa Pawlowska, Cornell University) Fang Zhou, PhD (Wier) Amy Karpati, PhD (Morin, Rutgers) Sara Scanga, PhD (Leopold) Tanya Murray, PhD (Frank, Syracuse University) Stephen LeDuc, PhD (Rothstein, Michigan State University) Sharron Crane, PhD (Dighton, Rutgers) Janice Hornbeck, MS (Leopold) CHAIRMAN OR READER ON THESIS EXAMS, ETC. Christina Quinn, PhD (Fernando) Brian Hoven, MS (Perry) Keith Post MS (Perry) Michele Thorne, PhD (Frank, Syracuse University III. RESEARCH COMPLETED OR UNDERWAY A. Departmental Research (unsupported, boot-legged; title - % time spent) 1. Lack of belowground mutualisms hinders Pinaceae invasion in Argentina – 5%. 2. Mycorrhizal ecology of Epipactis helleborine – 2%. 3. Mycorrhizal associations of outplanted red pine after 20 years of growth on mine tailings, Benson mines, Star lake. – 1% 4. Biodiversity and use of ectomycorrhizal fungi as secondary forest products in native pine stands of Honduras. – 5% B. 1. Grant-supported Research (source, subject, amount - total award and current year, award period starting and ending dates; list graduate research assistants supported by each grant). 1. Horton. Biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in native pine stands of Honduras. Operation Wallacea is covering travel and molecular supplies for myself and one student for the next four years to conduct this work. See other aspects listed under foreign travel. ~$8000/year 2. Powell, Maynard, Leopold, Horton, Parry. USDA-CREES Evaluating environmental impacts of transgenic American chestnut trees to chestnut trees produced by conventional breeding. $380,00 total. 10/1/089/30/11. 3. Horton Mianus River Gorge Preserve. Facilitated succession towards a climax community at MRGP. $21,000/$7000. 2007 – 2009. Mike O’Brien. 4. Horton. Collaborative Research: Relationship Between Carbon Allocation to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Organic Nitrogen Use in Temperate Forests. $165,000. 2006 - 2009. Joe Vineis 5. Fungal Biodiversity and Community Dynamics in the Oregon Coastal Dune Ecosystem. $30,000. 2006 2009. Tera Galante. Travel grants 6. Horton. Fungal environmental sampling information network (FESIN) – Travel grant for the 2008 Ecological Society of America annual meeting and FESIN workshop. $1227. 7. Horton. Fungal environmental sampling information network (FESIN) – Travel grant for the 2009 Mycological Society of America annual meeting and FESIN workshop. $300 8. Horton. ESF Faculty travel grant to attend the 2009 Mycological Society of America annual meeting. $800. 2. Research Proposals pending (as in B.1., above) Horton. Carbon allocation to exploration types of ectomycorrhizal fungi along a nitrogen availability gradient at Bartlett Forest, New Hampshire. Northern States Research Cooperative – Theme 2. $43,902 (1 year starting June 2008) - Pending Horton. The fate of mycorrhizal fungus hyphae and phosphate transport in Epipactis helleborine, a parasitic orchid. ESF Seed Grant program. Not funded. IV. PUBLICATIONS (Full bibliographic citation, i.e., do not use "with Jones," or "Jones, et al."; please list only publications published, in press, or actually submitted during this reporting period --- do not list manuscripts in preparation). A. Refereed Publications Van der Heijden, Horton. (in review) Socialism in soil? About fungi that have the ability to help plants irrespective of their size, status or identity. Journal of Ecology (invited Review). Nuñez, Horton, Simberloff (2009) Lack of belowground mutualisms hinders Pinaceae invasions. Ecology (In press) Horton, Arnold, Bruns (2008) FESIN workshops at ESA - the mycelial network grows. Mycorrhiza 19: 283-285. Bidartondo, Bruns, Blackwell, Edwards, Taylor, Horton et al. (2008) Preserving accuracy in GenBank. Science 319: 1616 B. Non-refereed Publications Horton, van der Heijden (2008) The role of symbioses in seedling establishment and survival. In: Seedling Ecology and Evolution. Leck M, Parker VT, Simpson B, Eds. Cambridge University Press. C. Papers Presented at Science Meetings (give title, date, occasion, and location) Nuñez, Horton, Simberloff. Lack of mutualisms as barrier for Pinaceae invasion. Talk presented at the 2008 Ecological Society of America annual meeting, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Rumburg, Moskalenko, Muska. Horton. The Invasive Orchid Epipactis Helleborine is Associated with Truffle spp. (Tuber -- Ascomycota) in New York State. Poster presented at the 2008 Mycological Society of America annual meeting. College Station, Pennsylvania. Note: The three early authors were undergraduates working in my lab. LeDuc, Horton, Rothstein. Ectomycorrhizal community change along a post-wildfire chronosequence of Michigan jack pine stands. Poster Presentated at the 2008 Soil Science Society of America Meeting, Houston TX. Spotlight on Student Research Posters Rumburg, Moskalenko, Muska. Horton. The Invasive Orchid Epipactis Helleborine is Associated with Truffle spp. (Tuber -- Ascomycota) in New York State. April 2009. Spotlight in Student Research. SUNY-ESF. Sztechmiler, Horton. Who is there now? A look at the fungal community on Pinus resinosa planted on ironm mine tailings 20 years ago. April 2009. Spotlight in Student Research. SUNY-ESF. (A product of a CLBS 2008 fellowship. D. Public Service Presentations (lectures, seminars, etc. to and for the public; give group or occasion, date(s), and attendance) Central New York Mycological Society: Attended numerous monthly meetings on Monday evenings and Sunday mushroom gathering forays around central New York as the ESF representative for the group. Ethnomycology – Lecture to about 25 attendees, Mid York Mycological Society, September 2008 Attended the annual Peck Foray with my students, hosted this year by Tim Baroni – SUNY Cortland. V. PUBLIC SERVICE A. Funded Service (include consulting activities) 1. Government Agencies (Federal, State, Local): 2. Industrial and Commercial Groups, etc. B. Unfunded Service to Governmental Agencies, Public Interest Groups, etc. We identified mycorrhizal fungi on the root tips of commercially grown hazelnut inoculated with Tuber melanosporum (black truffle). Two seedlings were sent, one with the edible truffle and one with a putative contaminant, as the DNA analysis confirmed. The company is New World Tuffieres, Inc. out of Eugene Oregon. This is along the lines of service learning in that I had my EFB 428/628 students collect the genetic data for the company. In exchange, the inoculated seedlings were supplied free and the experience gave the students a look at the truffle inoculated roots and the truffle business in general. VI. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT A. Professional Honors and Awards (for teaching, research, outreach, etc.) I was elected Ecology/Pathology Counselor for the Mycological Society of America. This based on a nomination, was a society-wide election, and there were two of us on the ballot. B. 1. Activities in Professional Organizations (offices held, service as chairman, member, participant or consultant) Program Committee, Mycological Society of America (2006 - 2009) Chair - Program Committee, Mycological Society of America (2009 - 2010) Counselor – Ecology and Pathology (elected position, August 2009 - July 2011) Co-Organized Behavioral Ecology and Evolution Research Seminar series with Kari Segraves, a joint seminar series between EFB and SU Biology (Spring and Fall semesters). 2. Professional Society Membership Mycological Society of America International Society of Mycorrhiza (life member) 3. Other Professional Activities a. Editorial activity Journal (s) Mycorrhiza Responsibility Editorial Board (‘go to’ reviewer, occasional tie breaker or 3rd reviewer) Other (books, symposia, etc.) b. Reviewer Journal(s) Biological Invasions Canadian Journal of Botany ` Ecological Monographs 1 Forest Ecology Fungal Ecology Mycorrhiza Note: I turned down a good number of invitations to review this year Agency NSF Note: I turned down a few invitations to review this year. No. of manuscripts 1 1 1 1 4 No. of proposals 2 Other CLBS Fellowship Review activity associated the Committee on Research Seed Grants Exemplary Researcher dossiers 3 11 (managed 27 total as chair) 3 c. Participation (workshops, symposia, etc.) Name of workshop, etc. Fungal Environmental Sampling Network Date Aug 2008 Place Wisconsin (ESA meeting) Note, this led to a short publication in Mycorrhiza Vol. 19. C. Further Education/Re-training Undertaken, Leaves, Workshops, etc. R Statistical programming Spring break ESF campus D. Foreign Travel (Where, When, Purpose) I traveled to Honduras June 2008 to initiate a project in with Operation Wallacea to 1) survey the biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in native pine stands, 2) assess potentiality of harvesting edible fungi as secondary forest products and, 3) teach a molecular techniques course in a remote setting. The Office of Research Programs kindly supported the air travel. Operation Wallacea covered all expenses while in Honduras (travel, room and board). This led to an agreement in which I will be working down there for the next several years. Operation Wallacea is covering travel and molecular supplies for myself and one student for the next four years. VII. ADMINISTRATIVE AND SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES (include committee participation) A. Department-level Early career mentor: Melissa Fierke, Martin Dovciak B. College-level Chair – ESF Faculty Governance Committee on Research Participant in the Dubai biotech review with Powell and others. C. University-wide, including Research Foundation VIII. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING THIS REPORTING PERIOD, ESPECIALLY THOSE MOST NOTEWORTHY AND RELATIVE TO THE COLLEGE’S AND DEPARTMENT’S MISSION. Students: I continue to get lots of mileage out of direct interactions with undergraduate students in my coursework and through their contributions working on my lab. Note that 8 of the 16 undergrads in my Mycorrhizal Ecology course this spring have signed up for the Advanced Mycology: Basidiomycetes course. On the research end, I am very excited about Anna Conrad, a stellar student who has gained lots of research experience through UMEB with Robin Kimmerer, NSF-REU with me, and is working in Florida with Kari Segraves this summer. I am helping Anna attend this year’s FESIN and MSA/BSA meetings in Snowbird Utah. I also enjoyed advising Eva Sztechmiler on her CLBS Fellowship project., she did an admirable job on her summer project working on the pines planted by Kathy LoBuglio 20 years ago. I also advise many other students with respect to their preparation for graduate school and/or interest in pursuing research now and in the future. Tangible results of this activity include Jordan Zachritz, now at UC Berkeley in Matteo Garbelotto’s lab (Matteo and I were labmates during grad school). I also am pleased to report that one of my advisees, Andy Cortese, was selected for a competitive REU position at Rutgers working with a colleague on mycorrhizal research (John Dighton). I also enjoy my interactions with the graduate students. I am excited about Kathleen Pitcher’s acceptance to a PhD program with a colleague, Marc Cubeta, and North Carolina State. Marc and I are serving on the MSA Program Committee and I believe our connection probably contributed to Kathleen being accepted. And of course, helping my graduate students finish (O’Brien, Hough, Page) was rewarding. I believe O’Brien in particular will prove to be very successful as he continues on his career path. I find advising students from other institutions rewarding and can lead to big payoffs such as the Ecology paper with Simberloff. Department/college: Serving on the Committee on Research as chair was very interesting. I learned a great deal about ORP and the Research Foundation, how they function, and how best to utilize the services offered. The COR is an important committee and I did my best as chair to maintain a high level of integrity in the process of reviewing grant proposals and running the Spotlight on Student Research. I believe this year’s Spotlight was very successful. As chair I also served on the Faculty Governance committee and contributed to minor revisions on the by-laws. Neil Ringler gave the Committee on Research the charge to review and revise a new Policy on Data Ownership to be included in the ‘Bluebook’ on the web and later in print. This proved to be a bit of a challenge as I navigated important issues such authorship and data ownership and, just as importantly, fine-tuned the language for clarity. I also sought to leave the committee with a solid panel. I recruited Jacqui Frair for the position of chair. She has 2 years of experience on the committee and I believe was one of the strongest members, both as an administrator and reviewer of McSten, Seed, and Exemplary Researcher proposals. Self: I was on sabbatical leave during the fall semester. I expected to get several proposals and papers off for review, and I achieved about 50% of my goal, acknowledging that an NSF proposal and one manuscript will go out by July. I also planned to use the fall sabbatical to gather high quality images for a field guide on mushrooms of the Oregon coastal sand dunes. My goal of getting a publisher interested in the field guide did not work out, but my effort continues there. I am most proud of following three accomplishments: 1) getting a paper in Ecology, 2) getting reconnected with the community of mycological researchers using molecular techniques at last summer’s ESA/FESIN meetings which sparked several collaborative efforts and resulted in a short paper that is already published, and 3) getting the project initiated in Honduras. The last two items were not anticipated for my sabbatical effort, but the freedom to follow opportunities during the sabbatical allowed me to pursue them. One of my efforts locally has been to carve out a brand for myself, through teaching (adding the Basidiomycetes course), community outreach (Beaver Lake mushroom fair) and research. I feel my research continues to be strong. Keeping my work out there is something that is a major focus of mine, meaning that I seek topics and activities that are relevant and timely. My publications continue to attract attention. According to Google scholar Ashkannejhad & Horton 2006 has been cited 26 times, Horton 2002 has been cited 62 times, and Horton and Bruns 2001 continues to inform researchers in the field, having been cited 317 times. I fully anticipate the Ecology paper on how plant invasion may be hindered by a lack of mycorrhizal inoculum to be cited often. I continue to get lots of recognition for my work, both nationally (e.g., elected MSA counselor of ecology/pathology, invitation to be lead author on a chapter in Seedling Ecology and Evolution) and internationally (e.g., invitation to co-author a review paper on mycorrhizal network for Journal of Ecology). The new project in Honduras is obviously going to be fun for me, but will also help attract attention to my program and to ESF. I also envision using results from that project to leverage funding from NSF or other sources, with possible angles including fungal biodiversity in an undersampled region, biogeography, and edible mushrooms as secondary forest products. I anticipate Tera Galante’s work on spore dispersal to attract a lot of attention as she is the first person to use empirical data and modeling to predict how far spores are dispersed from caps of mushrooms. I am proud of her effort developing the model with our collaborator, Dennis Swaney. The NSF proposal with Simberloff and his student Nuñez will focus on spore dispersal and will build on Tera’s work. All of these activities give me a great deal of pride and keep ESF on the radar. IX. A. FUTURE PLANS, AMBITIONS, AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR YOUR OWN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOREST BIOLOGY (brief summary) I look forward to returning to General Ecology. Rumor had it that students some students were upset that I had not taught the course last year. It will be interesting to see if this view is maintained when I return. I know my teaching style is a bit less regimented and I am less and less reliant on the textbook, so it is likely that the students perceive this as a positive change in style. I still struggle with effective assessment strategies with such a large enrollment, but continue to look for creative alternatives to the multiple choice lecture exam. I think the Mycology program in EFB was formally one of the leading programs in the nation and I am committed to pushing my role in making it strong again. This is why I am offering the Basidiomycete course and actively working with the amateur groups. I see the possibility of offering the Basidiomycete course in alternate years with Mycorrhizal Ecology. One way to easily elevate Mycology in the department is to include other mycologists in the Illick entrance display. The mycology program at EFB is getting exposure nationally by my co-organizing the Conservation of Fungi symposium at this year’s MSA/BSA meeting and by my serving on the Program committee for the Mycological Society of America. The exposure will intensify next year as I will take over as chair of the committee, which means I am in charge of organizing the program for the 2010 MSA meeting in Kentucky. I will need to allocate a great deal of time over the next year to organize 2010 MSA program. I was also elected to a two-year term as the Ecology/Pathology Counselor for MSA. I believe my duties are fairly light in this position, mostly responding to ideas via email and attending the business meetings at MSA conferences for votes on policies and such. Locally I have the Syracuse and Utica amateur mycological societies on board to help run the First Annual Mushroom Fair at Beaver Lake. I am modeling the event after hugely successful fairs held annually in San Francisco, CA and Eugene, OR. There is increasing pubic interest in fungi (from forest pathogens, to edibles, to frog and bat noses infections) and I believe the public will respond positively to this activity – again, giving EFB exposure. I will switch to my research activities. I am working on an NSF proposal with Nuñez and Simberloff for the July submission. I am also in the initial stages of preparing an NSF grant with my collaborator at UNH, Erik Hobbie. We hope to pursue a spin-off idea with funding from this year’s NSRC Theme 2 competition and will expand on these ideas for a larger NSF effort. The managers at the Mianus River Gorge Preserve were impressed with Mike O’Brien’s work and are interested in my applying this fall for additional for some follow up work. I will collect more data in Honduras and hope to use these data leverage external funding and to attract attention to my program. I have one manuscript ready for submission and several others that are should be easy to turn-around given some time to focus. The Oregon Dunes Mushroom field guide remains a front burner project. I anticipate spending time with Mike O’Brien and Tera Galante as they write up their work to submit for publication. I look forward to helping all of my grad students on their projects. As the opportunities present themselves, I will continue to recruit PhD students first, followed by MS students. All of these activities are aimed at enhancing my program and that of the department. B. PROJECTED ACTIVITIES FOR NEXT YEAR 1. Summer 2009 a. Course(s) to be offered Molecular Techniques course taught in Honduras with Operation Wallacea b. Proposed research activity Advise Katie D’Amico (Powell student - Chestnut grant). Advise Joe Vineis, Tera Galante and Yazmin Rivera on their projects Conduct biodiversity survey of ectomycorrhizal fungi in native pine stands of Honduras Develop approach for using edible fungi (porcini) as secondary forest products for a local community in Cusuco National Forest, Honduras. 5. Submit NSF proposal w/Simberloff 6. NSF Proposal w/Hobbie 7. Conference activities (MSA/BSA and ESA) a. Horton, Galante, Pitcher, D’Amico. Attend 2-day workshop: Ecological approaches to analyzing complex community datasets. Mycological Society of America and the Botanical Society of America, Snowbird Utah. b. Horton, Parker, O’Brien. Ectomycorrhizal networks in plant communities: A Gleasonian point of view. Talk. Annual meetings of the Mycological Society of America and the Botanical Society of America, Snowbird Utah. c. Conrad, Horton. An initial survey of fungi in the cloud forests of Honduras with a focus on edibles. Poster. Annual meetings of the Mycological Society of America and the Botanical Society of America, Snowbird Utah. 1. 2. 3. 4. d. Galante, Horton, Swaney. 95% of spores fall within 45 cm of the cap: a field and modeling based study. Talk. Annual meetings of the Mycological Society of America and the Botanical Society of America, Snowbird Utah. e. O’Brien, Horton. Modeling the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of forest soils. Talk. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Albuquerque, New Mexico. f. Vinies Horton. Do belowground fungal communities shift along a nitrogen (N) availability gradient without N additions in a temperate forest ecosystem? Talk. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 8. Manuscript preparation a. Dulmer, LeDuc, Horton. An assessment of ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential for American chestnut in Northeastern forest soils under laboratory and field settings. Written for Forest Ecology and Management. b. Horton, Muska, Moskalenko, Rumburg. Widespread naturalization of Epipactis helleborine in North America is facilitated by its mycorrhizal association with Tuber species. Written for American Journal of Botany. c. 2 Hemlock manuscripts from Mike O’Brien’s work are now in the hopper. c. University, professional society, and public service 1. Continue activity on the Organizing Committee for this year’s joint meeting of the Mycological Society of America and Botanical Society of America (Snowbird Utah in July). 2. Attend the joint meeting of the Mycological Society of America and Botanical Society of America in Snowbird Utah, 3. Attend FESIN preconference workshop: Ecological approaches to analyzing complex community datasets. 4. Co-Organize/run MSA/BSA Symposium: The conservation biology of fungi. With Anne Pringle (Harvard) and Erik Lilleskov (USDA-FS). 5. Activities as chair of Organizing Committee for Mycological Society of America Annual meeting (University of Kentucky) July 2010. 6. Activities as Counselor – Ecology and Pathology, Mycological Society of America 7. Arrange for local Mycology club (CNYMS) to continue meeting on campus 8. Organize First Annual Mushroom Fair at Beaver Lake 9. Reviews for journals and granting agency as time permits 2. Fall Semester 2009 a. Course(s) to be offered EFB 320 – General Ecology EFB 496/796 – Advanced Mycology: Basidiomycetes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. b. Proposed research activity Advise Joe Vineis, Tera Galante and Yazmin Rivera on their projects Welcome in new grad students Anticiapte Tera Galante will defend her MS Manuscript preparation and submission NSF Proposal w/Hobbie c. University, Professional society, and public service 1. Participate on graduate student committees through advising and committee meetings. 2. Continue to organize program for Mycological Society of America Annual meeting (University of Kentucky) 3. Activities as Counselor – Ecology and Pathology, Mycological Society of America 4. Organize First Annual Mushroom Fair at Beaver Lake – September 20, 2009 5. Reviews for journals and granting agency as time permits 3. Spring Semester 2010 a. Course(s) to be offered EFB 428/628 – Mycorrhizal Ecology EFB 797 – Advanced Mycology Seminar 1. 2. 3. 4. b. Proposed research activity Advise Joe Vineis and Yazmin Rivera on their projects Prepare for summer trip to Honduras site Manuscript preparation and submission NSF Proposal w/Hobbie 1. 2. 3. 4. c. University, professional society, and public service Participate on graduate student committees through advising and committee meetings. Continue to organize program for Mycological Society of America Annual meeting (University of Kentucky) Activities as Counselor – Ecology and Pathology, Mycological Society of America Reviews for journals and granting agency as time permits