TABLE OF CONTENTS
Publications and Reports
v
Personnel
vii
Introduction
I.
Physical Electronics
A.
B.
C.
II.
IV.
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
7
Breakdown of Oxygen, Nitrogen and Air
Breakdown with Pulsed Fields
Measurement in Helium Gas with a Liquid Helium Trap
Transient Discharge Characteristics
An Error in a Paper by Landau on Coulomb Interactions in
a Plasma
7
8
10
11
Solid State Physics
17
19
A.
B.
C.
19
19
19
Critical Point Fluctuations
Vacuum Spectrograph
Theory of Liquid Helium
21
Low-Temperature Physics
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
V.
Electron-Emission Problems
1. Work Functions and Electrical Conductivity of OxideCoated Cathodes
2. Determination of the Thermionic-Emission Properties
of Single Tungsten Crystals by a Photometric Method
3. Determination of the Field-Emission Properties of
Single Tungsten Crystals by a Photometric Method
4. Energy Distribution of Electrons from UltrafineGrain Oxide Cathodes
5. Investigation of Certain Properties of Oxide-Coated
Cathodes Using Radioactive-Tracer Techniques
6. Studies of the Phenomenon of Standby Deterioration
of Oxide-Coated Cathodes
7. Studies of Photoelectric Emission
Studies With Gaseous Discharge
1. Hot-Cathode Arc in Cesium Vapor
2. Investigation of Low-Pressure Mercury Arcs
Experimental Techniques
1. Spectral Emissivity of Tungsten and Tantalum
2. Ionization Gauge and High-Vacuum Studies
Microwave Gaseous Discharges
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
III.
ix
1
Helium Liquefiers
1. Intermediate Supply of Liquid Helium
Microwave Surface Impedance of Superconductors
Magnetic Cooling
X-Ray Study of Superconductors
Second Sound Velocity
21
21
23
23
23
24
Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy
26
A.
26
26
26
26
26
27
B.
C.
Molecular-Beam Research
1. Third Molecular-Beam Apparatus
135
137
2.
Nuclear Spin and Hyperfine Structure of Cs
and Cs
3. The Fourth Atomic-Beam Apparatus
4.
An Electron Bombardment Ionizer
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
1. Nuclear Magnetic Moments and Hyperfine Structure of the
Rubidium Isotopes
87
Rb85
andRb
2. Nuclear Magnetic Moments of Rb
9
3. The Magnetic Moment of Be 6
The Nuclear Resonance of Li
4.
5. Deuteron-Proton Moment Ratio
6. Nuclear Magnetic Moment Values
Paramagnetic Relaxation
1. Resonance Absorption
2. Relaxation
3. Low-Temperature Resonance
iii
27
28
28
29
29
30
32
32
32
32
^~LI-II_-I~I_-Y----l~-L~. ~ .. - ..I.lli~-l-L-il-_
~11111I
---
~~ _11_4_1_1_1 _1_^_1____1_
_1_ _I
D.
Microwave Spectroscopy
1.
Germane Monochloride
2.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Ketene
Formaldehyde
.Oxygen
5. Apparatus
The Linear-Accelerator Program
34
36
37
Traveling-Wave Tubes
A. Three-Cm Traveling-Wave Amplifier Tubes
1. Glass-Wool Helix Supports
2. Helix Supported by Glass Sheath
3. Gun Design
40
40
40
40
42
C.
Low-Voltage Three-Cm Traveling-Wave Amplifier
1. Helix Assembly
2. Gun Design
D. Dense Electron Beams in Axial Magnetic Fields
Communications Research
A. Multipath Transmission
1. Speech and Music
a. Automatic Volume Control
b. Comparison with Present Techniques
c. Study of a Commercial FM Receiver
2. Television
B. Microwave Modulation Techniques
1. Investigation of Frequency Modulation of a Reflex
Klystron
C. Statistical Theory of Communication
1. Auto-Correlation Functions
a. Correlation Functions
b. Auto-Correlation Functions of Random Noise
2.
c. Digital Electronic Correlator
Amplitude and Conditional Probability Distributions
of a Quantized Time Function
3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
Optimum Prediction
Techniques of Optimum Filter Design
Pulse-Modulation Studies
Storage of Pulse-Coded Information
"Felix" (Sensory Replacement)
a. Bank Filters with Variable Bandwidth
8.
9.
10.
Clipped Speech Studies
Pulse-Code Magnetic Recorder
Statistical Investigation of Modulation Systems
D. Transient Problems
1. Transient Theories
E. Active Networks
1. Broadband Amplifiers
F. Locking Phenomena in Microwave Oscillators
X.
33
33
34
Magnetron Development
A. High-Power 10.7-Cm Magnetron
1. Testing and Design
2. Thoria Cathodes
3. Auxiliary Equipment
a. 20-Megawatt Pulse Transformer
b. New Vacuum System
B. Magnetron Research
1. Mode Stability
2. Noise Properties of the Pre-Oscillating Magnetron
B. Velocity-Modulated-Input Traveling-Wave Tube
IX.
32
32
37
37
38
38
39
39
39
39
42
46
46
46
47
48
48
48
48
49
50
51
53
54
56
56
56
56
56
57
59
59
61
61
62
63
64
64
68
69
69
73
73
73
Miscellaneous Problems
74
A. Electronic Differential Analyzer
1. Computing Elements
2. Differential Equations
3.
Integral Equations
B. An Automatic Impedance-Function Analyzer
1. Construction of the Mark 4 Machine
2. Method of Use
C. Electronic-Potential Mapping
D. Hydrogen Arc Ultra-Violet Source
74
74
74
74
75
76
77
78
80