TUNISIA INVESTMENT COUNTRY PROFILES February 2012
U n i t e d n a t i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t
INVESTMENT
COUNTRY PROFILES
TUNISIA
February 2012
NOTE
The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on three and a half decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensus building, and provides technical assistance to developing countries.
The terms country/economy as used in this investment country profile also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this investment country profile follow the classification of the United
Nations Statistical Office. These are:
Developed countries: the member countries of the OECD (other than Chile, Mexico, the
Republic of Korea and Turkey), plus the new European Union member countries which are not
OECD members (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Romania), plus Andorra,
Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino.
Transition economies: South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Developing economies: in general all economies not specified above. For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong
SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.
Reference to companies and their activities should not be construed as an endorsement by
UNCTAD of those companies or their activities.
The boundaries and names shown and designations used on the maps presented in this publication do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
The following symbols have been used in the tables:
•
Two dots (..) indicate that data are not available or are not separately reported. Rows in tables have been omitted in those cases where no data are available for any of the elements in the row;
• A dash (–) indicates that the item is equal to zero or its value is negligible;
• A blank in a table indicates that the item is not applicable, unless otherwise indicated;
• A slash (/) between dates representing years, e.g., 1994/95, indicates a financial year;
•
Use of an en dash (–) between dates representing years, e.g., 1994–1995, signifies the full period involved, including the beginning and end years;
•
Reference to “dollars” ($) means United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated;
• Annual rates of growth or change, unless otherwise stated, refer to annual compound rates;
Details and percentages in tables do not necessarily add up to totals because of rounding.
Only tables shaded in the Table of Contents are available in this investment country profile.
The material contained in this study may be freely quoted with appropriate acknowledgement.
Exchange rates, Dinars per US dollar
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Period average 0.405
0.494
0.591
0.679
0.777
0.834
0.794
0.829
0.858
0.949
0.878
0.925
0.884
1.004
1.012
End of period 0.419
0.516
0.616
0.727
0.867
0.757
0.840
0.778
0.898
0.905
0.837
0.865
0.951
1.047
0.991
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Period average 0.946
0.973
1.106
1.139
1.186
1.371
1.439
1.422
1.288
1.245
1.297
1.331
1.281
1.232
1.350
1.431
End of period 0.951
0.999
1.148
1.101
1.253
1.385
1.468
1.334
1.208
1.199
UNCTAD/WEB/DIAE/IA/2012/7
1.363
1.297
1.221
1.310
1.317
1.438
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
Page
Highlights
A. Definitions and sources of data...................................................................................
1
B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs
(shaded rows show available tables) 2
Table 1. Summary of FDI.....................................................................................................................................
3
Table 2. Summary of international production......................................................................................................
3
Table 3. FDI flows, by type of investment.............................................................................................................
4
Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment...........................................................................................................
5
Table 5. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry.............................................................................................
6
Table 6. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin...........................................................................
7
Table 7. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin.......................................................
8
Table 8. FDI flows abroad, by industry.................................................................................................................
Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination.......................................................................................
9
Table 11. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry.........................................................................................
Table 12. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin.......................................................................
Table 14. FDI stocks abroad, by industry.............................................................................................................
Table 15. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination...................................................................................
Table 19. The number of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy..................................................
Table 20. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad...........................................
Table 21. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination.............................
Table 22. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry...........................................
10
Table 23. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.........................
11
Table 26. Assets of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy..........................................................
Table 27. Assets of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad...................................................
Table 21. Assets of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination.....................................
Table 29. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry...................................................
Table 30. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin..................................
Table 19. Employment of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.................................................
Table 32. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..........................................
Table 33. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination............................
Table 34. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..........................................
12
Table 35. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.........................
13
Table 36. Wages and salaries of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy......................................
Table 37. Wages and salaries of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad...............................
Table 38. Wages and salaries of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination.................
Table 39. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry...............................
Table 40. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.............
Table 41. Sales of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy............................................................
Table 42. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad.....................................................
Table 43. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination.......................................
Table 44. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry.....................................................
Table 45. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin....................................
Table 46. Value added of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.................................................
Table 47. Value added of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..........................................
Table 48. Value added of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination............................
Table 49. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..........................................
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
(continued) Page
Table 50. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.........................
Table 51. Profits after taxes of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.........................................
Table 52. Profits after taxes of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..................................
Table 53. Profits after taxes of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination....................
Table 54. Profits after taxes of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..................................
Table 55. Profits after taxes of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.................
Table 56. Exports of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.........................................................
Table 57. Exports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..................................................
Table 58. Exports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination....................................
Table 59. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..................................................
Table 60. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin................................
Table 61. Imports of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.........................................................
Table 62. Imports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..................................................
Table 63. Imports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination....................................
Table 64. Imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..................................................
Table 65. Imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.................................
Table 66. R&D of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.............................................................
Table 67. R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad......................................................
Table 68. R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination.........................................
Table 69. R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry......................................................
Table 70. R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.....................................
Table 71. Employment in R&D of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.....................................
Table 72. Employment in R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..............................
Table 73. Employment in R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination................
Table 74. Employment in R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..............................
Table 75. Employment in R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.............
Table 76. Royalty receipts of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy............................................
Table 77. Royalty receipts of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad.....................................
Table 78. Royalty receipts of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination.......................
Table 79. Royalty receipts of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry.....................................
Table 80. Royalty receipts of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin....................
Table 81. Royalty payments of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy.........................................
Table 82. Royalty payments of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad..................................
Table 83. Royalty payments of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical destination....................
Table 84. Royalty payments of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry..................................
Table 85. Royalty payments of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin.................
Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs....................................................................................................................
14
Table 87. Largest foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs......................................................................................
15
Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy..........................................................................
16
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Highlights
In 2010, Tunisia’s inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) stood at 2.2 billion Tunisian dinars
(TND) ($1.51 billion), accounting for 2.7 per cent of the total flows to Africa in 2010. This share was in line with the country’s share in Africa’s GDP for the same year (2.4 per cent). The stock of inward
FDI in Tunisia in 2010 was estimated at TND 45 billion ($31.4 billion), an amount equivalent to 78 per cent of Tunisia’s GDP. Outflows of FDI from Tunisia are limited. The stock of outward FDI from the country was only TND 0.5 billion ($0.3 billion) in 2010.
In 2010, FDI inflows were considerably lower than the average for inflows over the period 2005–
2009, which exceeded $2 billion. Like the continent as a whole, inflows to Tunisia have been on a downward trend since 2008 when inflows reached $2.8 billion.
Two thirds of FDI inflows in 2010 originated from EU countries, with the United Kingdom, Italy and
France, in that order, being the three largest source countries.
The primary sector accounts for the bulk of inward FDI flows in Tunisia. In 2010, the petroleum industry alone accounted for over 60 per cent of the total inflows. The share of the manufacturing sector was 26 per cent and that of the services sector 13 per cent.
In 2010, Tunisia was the host to more than 3,000 foreign affiliates employing 325,000 people.
A. Definitions and sources of data
Foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics are compiled according to the concepts and definitions prescribed in 5th edition of the
IMF's Balance of Payments Manual:
• respect of the 10 per cent ownership threshold,
• FDI data are reported in term of flows and stocks respecting for inflows and
• outflows the directional principle
(assets/liabilities),
FDI flows are evaluated on the base of market price.
While FDI flows distinguish equity capital from the total, FDI stocks data is disaggregated by FDI components. Annual geographical breakdown is determined for flows on the basis of the immediate investing country for inward flows and host country for outward flows.
Monthly sectoral breakdown exists for flows in energy, manufacturing industry, tourism and real estate, agriculture and services.
FDI statistics are compiled by the Balance of Payments Department in collaboration with the various government departments who deal with statistical issues on foreign direct investment.
A national ad hoc committee was created in 1997 under the care of the Central Bank which includes all the departments dealing with the foreign investments: Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of Development and
Foreign Investment, Institute of National
Statistic, Customs, Foreign Investment
Promotion Agency, Industry Promotion
Agency, Department of Energy, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Agriculture, offshore zones, and the stock exchange market.
The role of the committee includes: insuring harmonization of the definition of
FDI and approaches at the national level, exchanging and cross-checking of data related to FDI, focusing on important transactions, and discussing future plans to improve the quality of FDI statistics in
Tunisia.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Efforts are underway to ensure that data collection techniques evolve in accordance with the different stages of liberalization of financial transactions.
FDI statistics result from the combination and cross-checking of various data sources:
• International transaction reporting system (ITRS): settlements statement prepared on the basis of the financial
• operations carried out by the Central
Bank of Tunisia and resident financial institutions,
Customs and National Institute
Statistics: investments in the form of
•
• equipments imported from abroad,
Industry Surveys: monthly surveys are conducted by governmental departments, members of the FDI ad hoc committee, which collect relating data in manufacturing industry, energy, tourism, agriculture and offshore zones. The surveys results are communicated to the Central Bank.
Transactions on the stock exchange market by the foreign direct investor with equity participation of more than
10 per cent.
FDI stock statistics are derived from the accumulation of net annual FDI flows adjusted by the application of a gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) deflator. This method, which allows for a rough approximation of the FDI stock, presents some gaps and needs to be replaced with a survey approach allowing to better estimate the FDI stock in accordance with international accepted standards.
FDI data are compiled and disseminated as following: FDI flows are compiled on a monthly basis (preliminary statistics), while FDI stocks on an annual basis. The flows are disseminated two months after the end of the reference period while FDI stocks six months after.
The Central Bank of Tunisia future plans include: undertaking a comprehensive review of the available sources, consolidating and improving the FDI surveys within the framework of FDI committee, estimating FDI stocks on the basis of financial statements collected through by sector surveys or delivered by the Ministry of Finance, and reconciling flows and stocks according to international investment position presentation.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs
Table 1. Summary of FDI
(Millions of dinars and percentage)
Variable
1. FDI flows, 2007-2010 (annual average)
2. FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, 2007-2010 (annual average)
3. FDI stocks, 2010
2. FDI stocks as a percentage of GDP, 2010
Source : Based on tables 3, 4 and UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
Inward
2 478.3
19.1
45 166
78.0
Outward
71.6
0.5
410
0.7
Variable
Table 2. Summary of international production, 2010
(Number)
Home-based
TNCs (Parent)
Affiliates of foreign TNCs in
Tunisia
Foreign affiliates of home-based
TNCs abroad
Number
Employees (Thousands)
..
..
3 135
325
..
..
Source : Based on tables 23 and 34.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 3. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1980–2010
(Millions of dinars and dollars)
Inward investment
Reinvested earnings Other Total Equity
Outward investment
Reinvested earnings Other Total Year Equity
1 067
696
1 163
749
794
1 015
4 401
2 068
3 397
2 276
2 160
74
88
84
168
404
654
531
318
244
317
357
207
140
139
86
99
282
360
666
364
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1996
1997
1998
1999
2
1
2
2
1
4
5
3
2
3
5
180
2
36
60
2
4
5
5
69
6
2
4
2
0
0
4
3
11
14
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
Note : Data are shown in millions of dollars prior to 2000.
1 068
700
1 167
752
796
1 016
4 403
2 071
3 399
2 279
2 165
76
92
89
173
584
656
566
378
246
327
371
209
141
139
86
103
351
365
668
368
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
16
44
26
2
8
9
7
52
104
106
5
2
8
3
0
5
0
4
2
9
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
-
4
0
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment, 1980–2010
(Millions of dinars and dollars)
Inward investment
Equity &
Reinvested earnings Other Total
Equity &
Outward investment
Reinvested earnings Other Total Year
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1996
1997
1998
1999
15 993
16 914
18 492
19 621
21 402
22 959
28 318
31 974
38 096
41 965
45 166
5 947
5 888
7 615
8 067
8 448
8 725
9 918
10 967
3 341
3 346
3 604
3 691
3 589
4 917
4 909
6 218
11 181
10 629
12 237
11 432
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
Note : Data are shown in millions of dollars prior to 2000.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
46
47
49
52
56
71
115
143
202
306
410
23
23
31
30
8
13
15
20
29
32
34
33
6
6
7
10
6
7
8
7
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 5. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, 2001–2010
(Millions of dinars)
Sector / industry
Total
Primary
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Manufacturing
Food, beverages and tobacco
Food products and beverages
Textiles, clothing and leather
Chemicals and chemical products
Rubber and plastic products
Manufacture of plastic products
Non-metallic mineral products
Machinery and equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment
Other manufacturing
Services
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communications
Transport and storage
Post and communications
Finance
Business activities
Computer and related activities
Other services
2001
75
-
29
113
7
-
25
-
700
336
9
327
251
18
18
97
-
-
-
-
97
-
-
-
2003
11
-
69
-
77
-
28
149
752
320
4
316
283
28
28
70
19
105
105
-
10
-
16
-
2002
76
-
24
474
13
-
44
-
1 167
438
11
428
255
26
26
74
22
333
333
-
103
-
16
-
2005
11
-
63
-
142
-
23
296
1 016
393
7
386
327
14
14
74
17
99
99
-
120
-
60
-
2004
18
-
89
-
82
-
34
200
796
284
10
274
312
13
13
76
22
121
121
-
38
-
19
-
2007
92
32
32
40
149
-
17
219
2 071
1 367
8
1 359
486
39
39
117
72
141
61
80
6
-
-
-
2006
36
-
47
-
94
-
35
3 101
4 403
954
14
940
347
18
18
119
18
3 056
3 056
-
22
-
5
-
2009
258
56
56
72
87
122
18
257
2 279
1 250
17
1 234
772
26
26
133
86
150
150
-
3
6
-
3
2008
216
16
16
105
102
-
105
803
3 399
1 954
20
1 934
642
15
15
83
199
-
-
-
605
-
-
-
2010
272
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 165
1 320
3
1 317
574
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
95
-
-
-
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
Note : Mining, quarrying and petroleum refer to energy. Food products and beverages refer to agri-business. Non-metallic mineral products refers to building materials. Chemicals and chemical products include rubber. Electrical and electronic equipment refer to mechanics and electric. Hotels and restaurants refer to tourism and real estate.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 6. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 2001–2010
(Millions of dinars)
Region / economy
World
Developed economies
Europe
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other developed Europe
Norway
Switzerland
North America
Canada
United States
Other developed countries
Australia
Japan
Developing economies
Africa
Algeria
Egypt
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Morocco
Latin America and the Caribbean
Bahamas
Panama
Asia
West Asia
Bahrain
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Palestinian Territory
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab Republic
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
South, East and South-East Asia
China
India
Indonesia
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Singapore
Viet Nam
South-East Europe and CIS
Russian Federation
Unspecified
2001
700
-
4
-
-
0
0
4
0
-
-
-
-
-
8
0
-
-
1
-
17
1
31
-
27
-
72
0
0
-
103
32
0
31
104
73
1
-
23
11
132
29
13
7
49
34
2
20
11
-
84
13
-
-
596
433
399
2
11
2
136
47
2002
1 167
20
-
-
-
2
-
21
0
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
184
1
27
1
-
-
235
-
214
-
9
1
0
-
71
15
8
8
246
11
1
1
26
9
365
17
5
12
100
29
1
26
9
-
86
6
-
-
921
805
788
0
11
11
177
62
2003
752
-
-
-
-
3
-
8
1
7
-
0
-
-
1
0
-
-
0
-
58
-
70
-
63
-
5
1
0
-
54
12
9
3
78
7
1
-
32
6
218
6
0
6
68
14
0
25
35
-
89
14
-
-
674
593
587
55
11
-
80
16
2004
796
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
0
2
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
63
-
68
-
65
-
8
1
1
-
87
10
10
-
112
44
3
32
13
8
154
2
0
2
106
19
125
1
-
-
1
26
33
-
684
568
566
43
6
-
134
20
2005
1 016
-
-
-
-
-
13
4
2
2
-
-
-
-
38
0
-
-
61
-
-
-
-
117
113
-
8
49
0
-
90
11
11
-
204
87
5
24
112
9
147
30
25
5
147
57
114
10
-
-
32
-
24
-
812
653
623
48
14
-
97
15
2006
4 403
1
3 015
99
97
-
-
-
-
2
-
43
-
-
0
-
-
-
41
-
-
-
3 156
-
3 057
-
4
-
-
-
3 168
12
0
8
80
1
1
-
24
172
270
17
16
-
138
57
131
-
-
-
126
-
12
-
1 191
1 053
1 036
98
19
-
153
20
2007
2 071
0
-
-
-
61
48
18
16
2
-
19
-
-
2
-
-
-
34
0
0
-
164
-
146
-
53
4
-
-
224
3
3
1
235
71
2
13
9
127
826
23
23
-
304
81
180
13
0
-
0
34
27
1
1 817
1 510
1 487
53
5
-
160
40
2010
2 165
2
56
110
17
28
8
39
-
2
17
17
17
7
54
-
8
-
6
1
13
1
75
0
5
-
5
250
140
-
128
75
75
-
348
93
12
6
137
43
440
13
3
10
268
140
326
6
-
7
1
15
11
0
1 793
1 450
1 437
183
2
-
254
15
2009
2 279
2
89
90
6
68
2
5
-
1
9
0
0
- 2
4
1
22
-
4
1
1
-
17
0
11
5
6
247
157
34
83
42
25
16
300
42
7
18
53
80
528
57
0
57
176
93
583
22
0
0
14
10
13
0
1 981
1 763
1 706
66
6
-
263
62
2008
3 399
189
80
43
22
12
-
4
-
3
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
4
34
14
1
137
2
1
-
1
365
323
-
193
5
5
0
516
149
2
8
100
237
1 081
13
13
-
348
155
359
1
0
-
1
45
10
0
2 882
2 529
2 516
92
7
-
561
22
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2010
(Millions of dinars)
Region/economy / Industry
Total world
Developed countries
Europe
European Union
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other developed Europe
Norway
Switzerland
North America
Canada
United States
Other developed countries
Australia
Bermuda
Developing economies
Africa
Algeria
Egypt
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Mauritius
Morocco
Latin America and the Caribbean
Panama
Asia
West Asia
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
South, East and South-East Asia
China
India
Indonesia
Korea, Republic of
Singapore
Viet Nam
South-East Europe and the CIS
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Unspecified
2 165
440
13
3
10
268
140
128
75
75
0
348
93
326
6
1
15
11
0
137
43
1 793
1 450
1 437
183
2
254
15
7
56
110
17
28
8
39
2
17
17
17
0
7
140
6
1
13
1
54
8
2
0
5
5
250
12
6
75
0
1 320
405
3
3
-
265
138
127
75
75
-
75
13
222
-
1
14
3
32
-
-
1 230
891
888
182
23
-
7
-
8
-
17
-
8
41
16
-
17
17
- 2
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
13
-
62
-
-
-
8
3
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 317
405
3
3
-
265
138
127
75
75
-
75
13
222
-
1
14
32
-
-
-
1 227
888
885
182
23
-
-
7
8
-
17
-
8
41
16
-
17
17
- 2
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
13
-
62
-
-
-
8
3
2
-
568
-
0
105
14
2
2
0
0
28
10
10
-
11
0
134
11
96
6
0
1
463
460
450
1
2
146
15
0
39
-
-
-
1
67
0
28
0
-
0
- 0
1
-
8
2
19
6
1
1
0
5
5
86
4
-
10
0
272
170
68
-
-
1
-
1
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
101
100
100
-
86
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
47
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
101
-
-
-
54
-
-
-
103
-
-
-
65
-
-
2
96
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
84
65
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
11
11
11
-
2
-
-
-
17
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
65
-
-
-
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the
Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
Note : Mining, quarrying and petroleum refer to energy. Hotels and restaurants refer to tourism and real estate.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 2001–2010
(Millions of dinars)
Region / economy
World
Developed economies
Europe
European Union
France
Germany
Italy
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
United States
Developing economies
Africa
North Africa
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Morocco
Other Africa
Senegal
Asia
West Asia
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Unspecified
2001
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2002
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2003
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2004
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2006
0.2
0.2
0.0
32.3
31.6
31.3
6.3
0.5
44.0
11.7
11.6
11.6
1.4
-
0.0
9.9
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.7
0.1
-
-
2005
8.4
8.1
0.7
0.2
0.1
-
0.1
8.8
16.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
2.5
0.0
5.0
-
0.3
-
0.4
0.4
0.1
-
-
2008
1.0
1.0
39.0
-
38.0
36.0
5.0
2.0
52.0
11.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
-
1.0
1.0
2.0
-
1.0
1.0
2.0
-
-
2007
1.0
1.0
0.0
22.1
21.6
17.4
2.9
1.0
25.7
3.6
2.6
2.6
2.0
-
0.1
-
4.2
-
0.5
0.5
0.3
-
0.0
2010
42.0
-
-
-
39.0
39.0
16.0
10.0
106.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
59.0
-
1.0
-
3.0
3.0
-
-
2.0
-
4.0
2009
75.0
-
-
-
72.0
70.0
13.0
13.0
105.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
-
-
-
3.0
3.0
-
-
2.0
-
-
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 22. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 2001–2010
(Number)
Sector / industry
Total
Primary
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
Agriculture and hunting
Forestry and fishing
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Manufacturing
Food, beverages and tobacco
Food products and beverages
Textiles, clothing and leather
Chemicals and chemical products
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals
Rubber and plastic products
Manufacture of plastic products
Non-metallic mineral products
Machinery and equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment
Other manufacturing
Services
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communications
Post and communications
Business activities
Computer and related activities
Other business activities
Community, social and personal service activities
Recreational, cultural and sporting activities
Other services
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
121
-
60
-
194
140
408
158
186
65
4
4
116
1 285
89
-
81
81
68
201
2 703
121
69
50
19
52
2 174
116
2006 2007 2008
-
-
-
-
451
159
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 803
131
76
-
55
-
2 221
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
275
98
6
6
233
153
505
158
177
-
66
-
136
1 289
89
27
103
103
74
247
2 966
137
79
59
20
58
2 324
136
2009
311
110
6
6
249
157
532
94
201
40
40
24
138
1 301
90
27
109
109
76
274
3 069
143
81
61
20
62
2 394
138
2010
316
114
7
7
260
-
538
158
202
-
-
-
136
1 311
91
27
117
117
79
295
3 135
143
81
61
20
62
2 454
136
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
Note : Mining, quarrying and petroleum refer to energy. Food products and beverages refer to agri-business. Non-metallic mineral products refers to building materials. Chemicals and chemical products include rubber. Electrical and electronic equipment refer to mechanics and electric. Hotels and restaurants refer to tourism and real estate.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 23. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 2001–2010
(Number)
Region / economy
World
Developed economies
Europe
European Union
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
Other developed Europe
Switzerland
North America
Canada
United States
Other developed countries
Japan
Developing economies
Africa
Algeria
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Latin America and the Caribbean
Asia
West Asia
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
South, East and South-East Asia
China
Unspecified
2001
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2002
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2003
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2004
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2006
21
39
11
-
46
-
127
127
211
-
84
38
72
14
58
-
15
-
-
51
81
83
83
45
14
75
42
2 803
2 577
2 505
2 422
209
1 150
258
606
2009
22
41
14
-
11
-
102
77
116
-
3
-
88
11
77
-
25
-
11
57
88
82
82
59
12
77
45
3 069
2 942
2 854
2 772
214
1 249
267
704
2008
6
6
- 23
41
-
21
13
52
-
81
75
8
133
52
-
82
10
72
8
56
86
77
77
53
14
76
47
2 966
2 856
2 766
2 689
208
1 212
265
672
2007
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2010
21
38
14
-
13
-
99
74
9
119
5
-
84
13
71
9
25
-
72
59
92
93
84
56
11
77
44
3 135
2 944
2 851
2 758
214
1 270
274
744
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 34. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 2001–2010
(Thousands of employees)
Sector / industry
Total
Primary
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
Agriculture and hunting
Forestry and fishing
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Manufacturing
Food, beverages and tobacco
Food products and beverages
Textiles, clothing and leather
Chemicals and chemical products
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals
Rubber and plastic products
Manufacture of plastic products
Non-metallic mineral products
Machinery and equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment
Other manufacturing
Services
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communications
Post and communications
Business activities
Computer and related activities
Other business activities
Community, social and personal service activities
Recreational, cultural and sporting activities
Other services
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
1
1
37
5
24
17
-
1
5
-
9
150
8
-
7
11
4
4
260
5
2
1
230
9
1
3
2006 2007 2008
-
-
-
-
26
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
274
5
2
-
243
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
3
9
9
52
5
37
17
-
1
8
-
7
12
7
7
11
156
9
4
261
11
1
4
303
5
2
1
2009
5
3
9
9
56
5
39
15
1
0
2
1
7
16
8
8
13
156
8
4
270
13
1
4
314
6
2
1
2010
10
10
6
4
60
-
44
17
-
-
2
-
7
18
8
8
13
156
8
4
276
13
1
4
325
6
2
1
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
Note : Mining, quarrying and petroleum refer to energy. Food products and beverages refer to agri-business. Non-metallic mineral products refers to building materials. Chemicals and chemical products include rubber. Electrical and electronic equipment refer to mechanics and electric. Hotels and restaurants refer to tourism and real estate.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 35. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 2001–2010
(Thousands of employees)
Region / economy
World
Developed economies
Europe
European Union
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
Other developed Europe
Switzerland
North America
Canada
United States
Other developed countries
Japan
Developing economies
Africa
North Africa
Algeria
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Latin America and the Caribbean
Asia
West Asia
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
South, East and South-East Asia
China
Unspecified
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2006
- 10
-
2
-
15
5
7
-
15
-
2
4
21
-
6
6
12
1
12
-
4
10
12
12
11
1
13
4
24
102
35
49
274
263
251
239
Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database based on data from the Foreign Investment Promotion Agency and the Banque Centrale de Tunisie.
2007
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2009
17
5
7
-
21
-
-
-
-
5
6
3
21
-
0
-
15
1
14
-
4
11
12
12
10
1
13
3
22
109
48
56
314
289
274
262
2008
11
0
0
- 18
19
-
7
1
20
-
-
5
1
25
5
5
12
1
11
1
4
11
13
13
13
1
12
3
22
108
43
54
303
297
284
271
2010
-
- 13
6
3
18
5
6
-
- 1
21
-
-
4
21
0
-
15
1
14
4
4
11
13
13
13
1
13
3
22
114
49
56
325
317
298
285
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs, 2010 a
(Millions of dollars and number)
Company Industry
A. Primary
..
B. Secondary (Manufacturing)
Societe Frigorifique Et Brasserie De Tunis Sa
Sotupack Sarl
Electrostar
C. Tertiary (Services)
..
Food, beverages and tobacco
Machinery and equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment
Societe Tunisienne De L Air Sa
Franco Tunisienne International Trading Sarl
Transport, storage and communications
Wholesale trade
Web One Sarl Business services
Societe D'assistance Et De Ravitaillement Offshore - TunOther services
Societe Transport Internationale Maritime Sarl Transport, storage and communications
Vital Center International Sarl Business services
Societe Sahelienne De Materiels Agricole Et Pieces AutoUnspecified
D. Finance and Insurance
Poulina Sa
Elloumi Holding Sa
Groupe Elloumi Chakira
Holding
Holding
Holding
Sales Employees
..
140
1
..
..
1 311
10
200
736
52
1
..
..
..
..
7 200
6
32
35
15
15
3
Assets Employees
..
..
..
6 000
4 000
4 000
Sources: Dun & Bradstreet Inc., WorldBase, company websites.
a
Or latest year available.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 87. Largest foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, 2010 a
(Millions of dollars and number)
Company Host economy Industry
A. Primary
..
B. Secondary (Manufacturing)
Coficab Maroc Sa
Coficab Portugal - Companhia De Fios E Cabos, Lda
Societa' Frigorifique & Brasserie De Tunis Italia Srl
Futura Ooo
C. Tertiary (Services)
Vendee Negoce Aciers
Think Tank Business Solutions Ag
Coficab Deutschland Gmbh
Vital Center International Espagne S.a.
Sarl Mecaways
Bevaplus International, S.r.o.
Cofat Egypt
Doru Basim Sanayi Ve Ticaret A S
Tunis Air Sa
Piccadilly Associates Ltd
Maritime Petroservice Contractors Ltd
..
Morocco
Portugal
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment
Italy Food, beverages and tobacco
Russian Federation Machinery and equipment
France
Germany
Germany
Spain
France
Czech Republic
Egypt
Turkey
Spain
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
..
Wholesale trade
Business services
Wholesale trade
Health and social services
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Other services
Other services
Transport, storage and communications
Business services
Business services
D. Finance and Insurance
..
..
..
Sales Employees
..
115
109
..
..
..
..
250
210
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
2
1
..
..
Assets Employees
..
..
2
400
70
15
..
..
5
10
3
7
10
Sources: Dun & Bradstreet Inc., WorldBase, company websites.
a
Or latest year available.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, 2010 a
(Millions of dollars and number)
Company Home economy Industry
A. Primary
Breakwater Tunisia Sa
Societe Granulats Jbel Oust Sa
Mol Tunisia Oil And Gas Sa
Bg Tunisia Lpg Sa
B. Secondary (Manufacturing)
Canada
Portugal
Hungary
United Kingdom
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Mining, quarrying and petroleum
Benetton Manufacturing Tunisia Sarl
Societe Les Ciments De Jebel Oust Sa
Tunisacier Sa
Leoni Wiring Systems Mateur Sud Sa
Leoni Tunisia Sa
Leoni Wiring Systems Ezzahra Sa
Leoni Wiring Systems
Leoni Wiring Systems Mateur Nord Sa
Societe Japan Tobacco International Tunisia Sa
La Croix Electronique Tunisie Sa
Nestle Tunisie Sa
Societe De Cosmetiques Detergents & Parfumeries Sa
Societe Arabe Des Industries Pharmaceutiques Sa
Les Ciments Artificiels Tunisiens Sa
Zodiac Automotive Tunisia Sarl
M E T S Tunisien
Italy
Portugal
Italy
Germany
Germany
Germany
Germany
Germany
Japan
France
Switzerland
Netherlands
Italy
Italy
France
Germany
Textiles, clothing and leather
Non-metallic mineral products
Metals and metal products
Metals and metal products
Metals and metal products
Metals and metal products
Metals and metal products
Metals and metal products
Food, beverages and tobacco
Electrical and electronic equipment
Food, beverages and tobacco
Chemicals and chemical products
Chemicals and chemical products
Non-metallic mineral products
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment
Sales Employees
46
33
31
29
26
25
24
181
102
91
77
75
57
57
49
..
..
..
..
100
8
6
400
210
294
4 766
4 766
1 200
1 200
4 766
134
500
230
186
400
450
580
400
C. Tertiary (Services)
Societe Shell Tunisia Sa
Societe Des Ciments De Jebel Oust Sa
Siemens Information And Communications Sa
Tunisian Business Machines Sa
Winstar Tunisia Sarl
Phoenix Mecano Hartu Sarl
Bonna Beton Materiaux Prefabriques
Pidigi North Africa Sarl
Orthorea
Sofanou Tunisie Sarl
Horizonte Tunisie S A R L
Societe Ncr Tunisie Sa
Societe De Construction Gazoduc Transtunisien Sa
Cie Tunisienne De Tout Appareillage Mecanique
Basf Tunisie Sa
United Kingdom
Portugal
Germany
United States
Canada
Switzerland
France
Italy
United States
France
Switzerland
United States
Italy
United Kingdom
Germany
Wholesale trade
Unspecified
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
Wholesale trade
Unspecified
Wholesale trade
Wholesale trade
Wholesale trade
Hotels and restaurants
Wholesale trade
Other services
Wholesale trade
Wholesale trade
D. Finance and Insurance
Poulina Group Holding Sa
Citibank Na Onshore
Banque Tuniso-kuweitienne De Developpement Sa
Compagnie Tunisienne Pour L Assurance Du Commerce
Exterieur Sa
Citibank Na Sa
African Development Bank Group
Union Tunisienne De Leasing
Glaxosmithkline Tunisie Sarl
Coris Tunis
Fag Afrique Du Nord
Aon Socargest S.a.
United States
United States
France
Spain
United States
Côte d' Ivoire
France
United Kingdom
Germany
Germany
United States
Holding
Finance
Finance
Insurance
Finance
Finance
Finance
Insurance
Finance
Holding
Insurance
2
2
2
4
4
4
3
600
79
24
20
13
8
5
4
Assets Employees
45
19
13
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8 575
20
152
75
60
20
12
2
..
..
..
170
250
100
60
64
850
1 167
10
12
30
160
90
30
30
18
Sources: Dun & Bradstreet Inc., WorldBase, company websites.
a
Or latest year available.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
