GLOBALIZATION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PEACE & DEVELOPMENT
Pr. Maurice TCHUENTE
Board Chairman National Agency for ICT Cameroon
Board Member UNU/IIST
tchuente@uycdc.uninet.cm
presently on leave as Directeur de Recherche CNRS ENS Lyon France
Maurice.Tchuente@ens-lyon.fr
GLOBALIZATION AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Globalization and Information Technology are
Interdependent and Mutually Reinforcing
With Globalization of economy,
the Whole World is Market resource - area of influence
Information Technology creates a
World Wide Global Space
Opens world market to
the economic sector of
Globalization
ICT
Is a Support, an Accelerator,
a Driver, a Multiplier of
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
Front end
Back end
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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TELEPHONE
RADIO
TELEVISION
VIDEO
INTERNET
DIGITAL EMBEDDED
DEVICES
INFRASTRUCTURE
EQUIPMENTS
SYSTEMS
SERVICES
CONTENTS
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SOME ICT FIGURES FOR 1996 – 2003
(Information Economy UNCTAD Report 2005)
Rapid Growth - Concentration of Production / Consumption
• Exports increase from 1996 to 2003
– Total Merchandise : 60%
– ICT : 100 %
• ICT exports in 2003
– Volume : $ 1,1trillon
• emergent/developing countries = 50% world exports
• China = 22 % of emergent/developing countries’ exports
– Percentage with respect to total exchanges : 15 %
• Top 10 countries : 72% Exports, 66 % Imports
• Within emergent/developing countries
– Top 10 = 98% Exports
– Top 10 = 90 % Imports
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PROGRESS IN BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
(1992 – 2002)
90
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
P
f
m
p
0
i
P
f
m
p
i
Developing
Developed
P = population, f = fixed telephone, m = mobile telephone, p = PC, i = Internet
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND
DEVELOPMENT
Good Governance is perhaps the single most important
Factor in Eradicating Poverty and Promoting Development
Kofi Annan, Secretary General UN
Peace is a Necessary Prerequisite to Social and Economic
Development
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND
DEVELOPMENT
OUTLINE
1. ICT and PEACE
2. ICT and GOVERNANCE
3. ICT and DEVELOPMENT
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PROMOTION of PEACE
•
ICT and CONFLICT PREVENTION
•
ICT and CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
•
ICT and POST-CONFLICT BUILDING
Reference :
ICT for Peace : The Role of ICT in Preventing Responding to and
Recovering from Conflict
http://www.ict4peace.org
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CONFLICT PREVENTION
•
ICT Help to Address the Root Causes of Conflicts
•
ICT Increase the Visibility of Potential Conflicts
•
ICT Promote Better Communication and Dialogue
•
Iternet = Counter-Balancing Force in Favor of
Individuals and NGOs
•
ICT Help to Reveal Human Rights Abuses and Promote
Good Governance
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CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
•
ICT Make Logistics More Efficient
•
ICT Raise the Pofile of Forgotten Conflicts
•
ICT Contribute to the Coordination of Civil Society
Organizations
– Increased Coverage and Influence
– Better Mobilization of Resources
– Less Duplication, Gaps Filling, Increased Efficiency
•
ICT Contribute to Information Sharing
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POST - CONFLICT BUILDING
•
ICT Serves as Vector and Catalyzer of National
Reconciliation
•
ICT Help to Disseminate Terms of Ceasefire
Agreement
•
ICT Raise Awareness of War Crime Tribunals and
National Reconciliation Commissions
•
ICT Contribute to the Rapid Establishment of a
Modern State
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CONCLUSION for ICT and PEACE
•
The Role of ICT in Modern Warfare
–
Propaganda (Rwanda, Irak, …)
–
Smart Computer-Controlled Weapons and Military Coordination
–
Use by extremists to Promote Hatred, and Genocide, to Recruit
Militants or Tele-Trigger Bombs
•
ICT Have Created New Intriguing Phenomena
–
Transitory Approach to Crisis
–
Fast Dissemination of Rumors and Overloading of Information
But we Have Privileged the Potential of ICT to
Promote the Attainment of a More Peaceful World
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
GOVERNANCE
ICT Can Help to Improve the Quality of Governance
Performance (Normative Outcomes) and Governance
Process (How Outcomes are Achieved)
1. ICT and CIVIL SOCIETY
2. E-GOVERNANCE
3. ICT and POLITICAL PROCESSES
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CIVIL SOCIETY
A Well Informed Citizen is in a Better Position to
Exercise his Rights and Carry out his Responsibilities
within the Community
•
ICT Permit a Limitless Number of individuals and
Organizations to have Direct Access to Global
Audience
•
ICT Lead to Transparency and Reinforce Public Faith
in Institutions
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E-GOVERNANCE
E-Governance is the Public Sector’s Use of ICT With the
Aim of Improving Information and Delivery Services,
Encouraging Citizen Participation in the Decision-Making
Process and Making Government More Accountable,
Transparent and Effective (http://portal.unesco.org)
•
ICT Reduce Communication Costs for Acces to Services
(Form filling, Bill Sourcing and Payment, …)
•
ICT reduce Corruption
•
Help Citizens to learn about Policies and Processes
(Help-Lines, …)
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E-MACAU PROJECT
•
A Consortium led by UNU/IIST Involving the
Government of Macau, the University of Macau, etc.
•
Development of E-Government Services in Macau
•
Results to be Shared with Institutions in Developing
Countries
•
Other Outcomes : Standard Open-Source Packages
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POLITICAL PROCESSES
•
ICT Increase Citizen Awareness and Mobilization (First
E-Revolution in the Philippines according to J. Court,
the World Governance Survey Project Co-Coordinator)
•
ICT and Electoral Processes
“ If they Convene the Electorate for the Presidential
Elections Without the Computerization of Electoral
Registers, we Will Intensify Demonstration all over the
Countries to make Sure that the Election does not hold ”
(Opposition Leaders in Some African Countries)
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
DEVELOPMENT
How ICT can Impact the Economy :
- Increase Productivity and Growth
- Boost international trade of Goods and Services
- Catalyze Labour Markets and Employment
Contribution to the Achievement of some MDGs
1. Eradication of Poverty and Hunger
2. Education
3. Health
4. Environment Sustainability
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POVERTY REDUCTION – EDUCATION
•
•
Eradication of Poverty and Hunger
–
Greater Efficiency (Rural Farmers, India, …)
–
Employment (Call-Box Cameroon)
Education
–
Emphasizing the Importance of Education in some areas
–
Efficient Administration (Senegal)
–
Online Documentation and E-Learning
•
Global Virtual University (UNU)
•
African Virtual University (Worlf Bank)
•
“ Campus Numérique ” (Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie)
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HEALTH – ENVIRONMENT
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Health
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Remote Health Care Services
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Training and Networking of Health Workers
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Diseases Monitoring and Management of Health Systems
Environment
–
Critical Tools for Observation and Monitoring of Environmental
Processes (Fire, Rainfall, Wind, etc.)
–
Mathematical Analysis and Computer Simulation
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New tools for Automatic Data Collection (Sensor Networks)
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CONCLUSION
•
Possible Obstacles
–
Unsufficient Mastering - Digital Divide
Call-Box
•
Threats
–
Criminal Use - Volatility
Equipment ($ 100) :
Table, Cell phone, Umbrella
Despite the Above Obstables and Threats, “ People-Oriented,
Inclusive and Development-Oriented Information Society can
Enable Individuals, Communities and Peoples to Achieve Their
Full Potential in Promoting Peace, Good Governance and
Sustainable Development ” (WSIS Geneva 2003)
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