What is temperature?
1. Temperature (T) measures the tendency of an object to spontaneously give
up/absorb energy to/from its surroundings.
2. Most likely macrostate the system will find itself in is the one with the
maximum number of microstates.
E1
E2
1(E1)
2(E2)
d ln 1 d ln  2
1


dE1
dE2
k BT
Ensemble
a complete costume of harmonizing or
complementary clothing and accessories
a group of people or things that make up a
complete unit (such as a musical group, a group
of actors or dancers, or a set of clothes)
Microcanonical
ensemble:
An ensemble of snapshots
of a system with the same
N, V, and E
Microcanonical ensemble: An ensemble of
snapshots of a system with the same N, V, and E
Canonical ensemble: An ensemble of snapshots
of a system with the same N, V, and T
E1
1(E1)
E2
2(E2)
Canonical ensemble: An ensemble of snapshots
of a system with the same N, V, and T (red box
with energy  << E.
E-
(E-)

 I(  )
Boltzmann Factor
(canonical ensemble)
P ( )  e

k BT
clear all;
s = 100;
e = 11;
et = 40;
for n = 1:e
i=n-1;
x(n)=n-1;
y(n)=factorial(s-1)./(factorial(et-i).*factorial((s-1)-(et-i)));
end
plot(x,y,'b--o')
pause
z = log(y);
plot(z,x,'b--o')