Spotlight on Student Research and Outreach
2010 Undergraduate Abstracts
Contents
Outreach Efforts........................................................................................................................................ 1
Independent Research .............................................................................................................................. 3
Class Projects .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Outreach Efforts
1. CLARK MILLS WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE
Brennan JR, Frazell AT, Greenfield JE, Han Y, Heesemann BE, Wu KC, and Daley DJ
Department of Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: The Clark Mills Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), located in Clark Mills, New York, was
originally designed to serve 2,140 residents with an average inflow of 0.2 million gallons per day (mgd).
However, the average daily flow rate is at 0.25 mgd, with a maximum 30 day flow rate of 0.34 mgd.
Occasionally, during peak flow, inflow is greater than 1 mgd above base flow and sanitary sewer
overflows (SSO’s) are experienced during severe wet weather. The Clark Mills WWTP facility upgrade has
been necessitated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to meet
projected population growth. Facility upgrades must be able to handle an average inflow of 0.5 mgd, a
volumetric flow rate based on a projected treatment population of 3,263 residents. Upgrades that are
being examined include: replacing oxidation ditches with sequencing batch reactors; constructing an
additional sludge drying bed; and harnessing methane for power generation to offset operational costs.
Alternatives to current sludge disposal practices are also being studied in order to decrease operating
costs and increase the sustainability of the WWTP. The final upgrade design will be based upon
economics, design, and construction feasibility.
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2. THE BRIDGE: CLASSROOM TO COMMUNITY CONNECTION: A STUDY ON HOW TO IMPROVE
COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEERING AT SUNY ESF
Dimezza A1, Hall M2, Doble C3, and Mix L4
1
2
3
Department of Environmental Forest Biology, Department of Environmental Studies , Department of Landscape
4
Architecture, AmeriCorps VISTA Volunteer, Service-Learning Coordinator, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: The Bridge: Classroom to Community Connection was established to find more and diverse
kinds of community volunteer opportunities for ESF students, provide service requested and desired by
Syracuse Community Organizations (SCOs), and provide research and teaching opportunities for the
community-engaged ESF faculty members. The first effort of this initiative was to meet with both the
Syracuse and ESF communities to discuss the issues, benefits, and mechanisms for improvement of ESF
student volunteerism. This was done through e-mails, phone calls, meetings and culminated in a round
table discussion held in downtown Syracuse that included government officials, community leaders, ESF
faculty/staff and students. Discussions were focused on three topics: 1) what has ESF done well when
serving the community in the past? 2) What has ESF done poorly when interacting with the community?
3) How can ESF improve community service in the future? Discussions, often very frank, resulted in the
proposed creation of a “service portal” website to bring together all the volunteer information from all
parties, the need for letters of expectation between all involved parties, the need for working definitions
of different kinds of volunteering and what they entail, and the need to overlap students from one year
to the next in order to ensure continuity in the relationship between ESF faculty, staff, and students with
SCOs. Some of these initiatives have been undertaken. Yet others are under consideration. This
research was just a stepping stone to the improvement of service based learning and volunteering at
ESF.
3. ARE YOU READY TO TAKE THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE?
Essi N, Majanen T, Mitchell N, Giangiobbe A, Hibbard K, and O’Donnell E
SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: One of SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry’s Office of Outreach aims is to
enhance middle and high school students’ engagement and interest in science, technology, engineering
and math related fields. The Environmental Challenge, organized by the ESF Science Corps, is an annual
event held on ESF’s campus that allows middle school students from the Syracuse City School District to
present science fair projects to judges. A key element in the success of the program is to provide oneon-one assistance to the students in their classrooms. ESF Science Corps members spend approximately
two months before the science fair assisting the middle school students with their projects. In the
classroom, the ESF Science Corps helps with topic ideas, developing experiments, and poster
presentations. Ultimately, the Environmental Challenge allows middle school students to explore
science related fields, gain an interest in science related careers, and develop skills for presenting
research. Information on becoming a member of the ESF Science Corps is available at ESF Outreach (221
Marshall Hall, 315-470-6817).
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Independent Research
4. THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED NITROGEN CONCENTRATION ON WILLOW SPECIES GROWTH RATE
Abrahamson L1, Volk T1, and Keiber D2
1
2
Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Department of Chemistry, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Petroleum based fuel sources are environmental hazards. This leaves people questioning if
there is a better way to gain fuel efficiency than our current methods. Due to cost of crude oil, and the
oil crisis of this decade and the seventies, coupled with the environmental degradation which the
hydrocarbon sources make, biofuels are a cleaner, more efficient alternative. The purpose of this
experiment is to monitor the growth rate of three different willow species by using an increased
nitrogen concentration in wastewater from bovine and swine excrement. Nitrogen has been used to
increase growth rate of crops for many civilizations, the increase in nitrogen will increase biomass. The
three different species have three replicants to eliminate variablility to confirm if increased nitrogen
concentration increases the growth rate of the short rotation willow coppice.
5. CORRELATION OF MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION OF ADIRONDACK CRAYFISH WITH ABIOTIC
FACTORS IN STREAMS
Ahmed N
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Advisor: Robin Kimmerer
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Abiotic factors in streams play an important role on the habitat choice of crayfish. The habitat
a crayfish is found in could influence morphometric variation among the species. The goal of this study
was to discover a correlation between morphometric characteristics and different abiotic factors of
streams. I sampled three streams and looked at two varying abiotic factors (water depth and velocity) in
Huntington Forest in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. There are 12 known species of crayfish in
New York, three of which are invasive. At each stream, I set five baited minnow traps for 24 hour
intervals. The morphometric characteristics I measured included the standard length, telson width,
cheliped length, carapace length and width of each crayfish. I also recorded the depth and velocity of
the stream at each trap and the gender and species of each crayfish. Only the spinycheek crayfish,
Orconectes limosus, a native to the Adirondacks, was caught at each stream. There was no significant
morphometric difference between the crayfish of the three streams. Although the streams varied in
depth and velocity, the three habitats may have been too similar to produce any significant changes.
Morphometric differences may be found in two completely different habitats such as a stream and a
lake.
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6. THE EFFECT OF TRAILS ON SALAMANDER ABUNDANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAIL MANAGEMENT
Beaty LE and Frair JL
Department of Environmental Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Trails allow society to experience nature. However, the creation, maintenance and use of
trails represent ecological disturbances that influence habitat quality for wildlife. This may be especially
important to terrestrial herpetofauna that have restricted space use and specific habitat requirements.
We examined whether the relative abundance of red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, differed
with trail proximity, trail use intensity, and local habitat during summer 2009 at the Cranberry Lake
Biological Station (CLBS), New York. A total of 31 survey sites were established every 200 m along 4 trails
radiating from the CLBS campus to 1.2 km. At each plot, a 1 x 15-m transect was established
perpendicular to the trail, with salamander abundance recorded in 3.75-m intervals. The effect of site
and survey covariates on salamander abundance was estimated using a zero-inflated negative binomial
model, with alternative models compared using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC). Salamanders were
more likely to be found near wider trails (the zero-inflation factor), while local salamander abundance
increased with the density of logs and average diameter of overstory trees (Best model AIC weight =
0.36). Models including the perpendicular distance to a trail created model selection uncertainty, but
this variable was not an important predictor of salamander abundance. Ultimately, wider trails were
found close to campus and log density was higher close to trails, together indicating that routine trail
maintenance created favorable conditions for red-backed salamanders. Future studies might consider
how the size and arrangement of logs might better benefit this and other salamander species in the
region.
7. COMPARISON OF THREE ACOUSTICAL SURVEYING TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF ADIRONDACK
BAT SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE (VESPERTILIONIDAE)
Bishop-Boros JL
Department of Environmental Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Advisor: Robin Kimmerer
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Bat surveys are frequently conducted using ultrasonic detectors to determine species
abundance and diversity, based on the identity of echolocation calls. Acoustical surveys are important
because many species that are difficult to capture in mist nets can be inventoried with ultrasonic
detectors, but no comparison between acoustical surveying methods has ensured these techniques are
equivocal. My objective was to compare bat acoustical surveying techniques by comparing differences in
number and quality of calls recorded, and the number of species detected with each method. Using the
Anabat II detector and associated Analook analysis software, I compared three acoustic survey
techniques: Stationary, Hand-Monitoring, and Mobile. I identified five species acoustically during 590
detector-hours over 43 nights at 15 sites, on the basis of call signatures. Results suggest handmonitoring records more bat call sequences and produces higher-quality call recordings, resulting in a
more complete bat community survey than monitoring with stationary or mobile surveys. I found
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significantly more little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) calls from stationary recordings; and more species
were detected using mobile and hand-held than stationary recordings. Standardized survey methods are
important for obtaining reliable information on wildlife populations. Results indicate difference in
methodology may yield different species abundance and diversity data. This is important because the
endangered Indiana bat (M. sodalis) is an Adirondack resident and many migratory Adirondack bat
populations have been recently decimated by outbreaks of white nose syndrome. All Adirondack bat
species exhibit slow life histories making bat fatalities particularly worrisome.
8. POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE PRODUCTION BY BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA USING ORGANIC ACIDS
Chan AH, Perrotta JA, and Nakas JP
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), bacterial storage polymers, show a lot of potential as
biodegradable plastics. PHAs vary in composition; many factors, including carbon source can affect it.
B.cepacia was grown for 90 hours in a nitrogen rich medium with different concentrations of propionic
and levulinic acids. The dried biomass was analyzed using gas chromatography. Growth in 1% levulinic
acid resulted in the highest 3HV content as well as 3HV:3HB ratio. Composition of the polymer can
matter greatly in vital properties such as malleability and biodegradability, so knowledge of which
carbon source will produce the greatest amount of polymer at an optimum composition would aid in
creating high quality product.
9. FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH THE BEECH SCALE, CRYPTOCOCCUS FAGISUGA IN THE HUNTINGTON
WILDLIFE FOREST, ADIRONDACK PARK, NY
Chille JN and Castello JD
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Beech bark disease (BBD) is a disease complex involving American beech (Fagus grandifolia),
the non-native beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.; Hemiptera: Cryptococcidae) and nonnative fungal pathogens of the genus Neonectria. While scale populations alone are believed to have
little impact on tree health, when in concurrence with Neonectria, moderate to heavy scale populations
may kill trees within 3-5 years. BBD has had profound impacts on forest composition and structure,
wildlife, and forest management. Past studies on fungal associations of scale colonies within their native
range have shown the entomopathogenic species Lecanicillium (formerly Verticillium) lecanii to be
present. However, no research has been conducted in the United States to determine the presence
and/or role of L. lecanii on scale populations. This is of particular concern as knowledge of this nature
may provide a basis for investigations into possible biological control of C. fagisuga. The objective of this
study was to investigate possible fungal associations of C. fagisuga. I placed equal amounts of individual
insects dissected from colonies on ten F. grandifolia trees onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast
extract agar (YEA) plates for one week. Three morphologically different fungal colonies were observed
and identified using molecular techniques (DNA extraction, PCR, DNA sequencing). Sequences were
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subjected to Genbank BLAST search to determine order, family, genera, or species. Presently, these
analyses are still being conducted.
10. DETECTION OF ACRYLATE IN SEAWATER USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Cornelia-Galletto CJ1, Tyssebotn IMB1, Liu C2, and Kieber DJ1
1
2
Department of Chemistry, SUNY ESF, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Many marine algae produce acrylate and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) as products in the
breakdown of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, an important compound present at high millimolar
concentrations in these algae. Much research has been focused on DMS as it is the main reduced
organic sulfur compound that is emitted into the atmosphere on a global scale. Consequently, it
indirectly has a significant impact on cloud formation and climate through its oxidation to sulfuric acid.
Not much is known as to why acrylate is formed, although theories suggest acrylate may be a strong
antioxidant or a defense mechanism against predation. Furthermore, few studies have looked at
acrylate because it is a water-soluble carboxylic acid that is difficult to measure directly using high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Current detection methods are general to all aliphatic
carboxylic acids (CA), and involve reacting the carboxyl group with a UV or fluorescent “tag” to allow the
CA to be detected more easily. The goal of my research project is to develop a method that is selective
solely towards acrylate and not other CA, with a detection limit close to 1 nmol/L. To this end, I used
thiosalicylic acid to react with acrylate’s double bond to form a UV-absorbing reaction product. The
reaction product is easily detected by HPLC and capable of nmol/L detection limits. This method is
currently being developed and the results will be presented in my poster. Once the method is
developed, the theories regarding acrylate cellular physiology can be tested.
11. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TOP-DOWN CONTROL BETWEEN A STOCKED AND UNSTOCKED LAKE IN THE
ADIRONDACKS
Dimens P and Schulz K
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10:30 am
Abstract: In order to examine the change in food web dynamics caused by the stocking of exotic fish
species, we compared two lakes, the pristine Wolf Lake and the once-stocked Deer Lake in Newcomb,
NY. We predicted that the previous addition of piscivorous fish to Deer Lake caused a top-down cascade
reducing planktivorous fish, which would be evidenced by larger zooplankton and less phytoplankton.
To test for this, 24 enclosures were set up in Deer Lake over a period of 4 weeks between July and
August 2009. Half of the enclosures contained water and plankton from Wolf Lake and the other half
were filled with Deer Lake water and species. We applied fish and no fish treatments to the bags for
each lake. Initial and final (4 weeks) measurements were taken from each bag; response variables were
the body size of 100 zooplankton and the concentration of chlorophyll a (a proxy for phytoplankton
density). The concentration of chlorophyll between the two lakes did not show a significant difference,
although the size in zooplankton did. The size of zooplankton in Deer Lake increased with the addition
of juvenile yellow perch, and decreased in Deer Lake with the addition of juvenile green sunfish. The
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effects of Deer Lake being dominated by a piscivorous species and Wolf Lake by a planktivorous species
were evident in their effects on the zooplankton community. This shows that stocking game fish in lakes
can have profound effects on the community structure of lakes.
12. DEVELOPING A DROSOPHILA MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF RETINIS PIGMENTOSA
Goralski M1 and Knox BE2
1
2
Department of Biotechnology, SUNY ESF, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate
Medical University, Syracuse
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Retinis Pigmentosa (RP) is a type of retinal degeneration that eventually may lead to vision
loss. A mutation in rhodopsin is the most common form of the disease. A model using flies will provide a
simpler and more convenient way to study the disease. The rhodopsin mutant does not fold well as a
protein, which causes the death of rod cells by an unknown mechanism. Developing the Drosophila-RP
model involved several steps using the techniques of molecular cloning, polymerase chain reaction, and
sequencing. The mouse and human rhodopsin cDNAs, along with the rhodopsinRP mutant, were cloned
into a plasmid for DNA sequencing. Then, the mouse and human cDNAs were cloned into a fly targeting
vector pUASTattB for injection into flies to produce transgenic offspring. The eyes will be analyzed.
Results will be discussed upon presentation.
13. INCREASING ACETYL-COA LEVELS IN POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE PRODUCING BACTERIA THROUGH
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
Gredder J, Lundgren B, and Nomura C
Departments of Environmental and Forest Biology and Chemistry, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: The growing demand for green products has been pushing the envelope for intuitive
technological advances. The application of biodegradable plastics (PHAs) is increasing with this demand,
and this requires the production of more PHAs. In order to increase the production of PHAs in a cell the
raw materials for the synthesis of the polymer must also be increased. In the case of PHA’s the key
starting component is acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA levels can be increased through the use of metabolic
engineering and standard PCR techniques. Genes used in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA were cloned an E.
coli strain and introduced into various other strains. The effects of the different gene variations were
monitored on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and PHA using GC/MS. I have no results until the end of next
week (April 1). The idea is that by flooding the PHA producing enzymes with acetyl-CoA, PHA yields will
increase.
14. INVESTIGATION OF FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGENS OF SIREX NOCTILIO F.
(HYMENOPTERA:SIRICIDAE) IN CENTRAL NEW YORK
Gustafson EF
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
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Advisor: Melissa Fierke
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: The invasive wood wasp, Sirex noctilio, was first detected in North America in 2004 in Fulton
County, New York, and has spread through New York, northern Pennsylvania, and southern Ontario. In
its native range (most of Eurasia), it is not considered a major pest, but following introduction in
southern hemisphere pine plantations has been associated with up to 50% mortality. Relatively little is
known about how S. noctilio is interacting with native ecosystems, particularly how native pathogens
might be using S. noctilio as a host. High rates of mortality was observed in larvae extracted from
infested trees that was not attributable to parasitoid activity, leading to a hypothesis that mortality was
due to a fungal pathogen. The goal of this project was to obtain and isolate pathogenic fungi from S.
noctilio cadavers, and identify isolates to genus to evaluate presence of common entomopathogens
(e.g., Beauveria). Bolts of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), infested with S. noctilio were split and cadavers
plated out on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Samples were incubated for 8 days at 20°C. Isolated colonies
were removed and grown out into pure culture. Seven isolates were obtained, which were identified
morphologically to genus. All isolates belonged to the genus Trichoderma, which is not a known
entomopathogen. If pathogens were present, they were outcompeted in culture by Trichoderma. To
more effectively evaluate for presence of S. noctilio entomopathogens, I recommend using selective
media and surface sterilization of cadavers before plating.
15. QUANTIFICATION OF THE STRENGTH OF LAC, TRC, TAC AND PBAD PROMOTERS ON THE BROAD
HOST RANGE PLASMID PBBR1MCS2 UNDER DIFFERENT BACTERIA STRAINS
Izquierdo L
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Advisor: Christopher Nomura
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9:30-10:30 am
Abstract: During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to its initiation sites through base sequences
known as promoters. In prokaryotic promoter sequences there are two regions of general homology
referred to as consensus sequence, located at -10 and -35 positions upstream from the transcription
start site. The sequence between them has a low sequence homology, but its length is critical; it ranges
from 16 to 19 base pairs. Most promoter sequences vary noticeably from the consensus sequence and it
seems that a mutation either in the consensus sequence or in the distance between these two regions
can increase or decrease the activity of the promoter. As a result, we developed an expression vector
system based on the broad host range plasmid pBBR1MCS2 to quantify the strength of lac, trc, tac and
pBAD promoters, originally from PBBR1-MCS2, pTRC99-A, pGEX-4T3, and pKD46 respectively. Restriction
sites Nde I and Avr II are incorporated around the native lac promoter site in pBBR1-MCS2. Promoters of
interest: trc, tac, and pBAD promoters are amplified with engineered Nde I and Avr II sites for exchange
with lac promoter in pBBR1-MCS2. The pBBR1-MCS2 derivatives are expressed in Pseudomonas putida,
Escherichia coli and Bacilus subtilis. To have consistency, the ribosome binding site, which sponsors
efficient and accurate translation was kept unchanged through the process. After expression of pBBR1-
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MCS2, Green Flourescence Protein (GFP), which is the reporter gene, is then quantified using a scanning
laser microscope. Preliminary data has not been obtained.
16. THE FLORAL DIP: TRANSFORMATION OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA WITH THE CLONES CADDEF AND
MJMDEF
Kalita C, Maynard CA, and Powell WA
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9:30-10:30 am
Abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant for use in research and has a very short life cycle,
therefore it was chosen to study the vector constructs pCADdef and pMJMdef. These constructs contain
genes that encode a defensin peptide from spruce trees that are designed for expression in vascular
tissues (pCADdef) and constitutively (pMJMdef). These are being studied as putative disease resistance
genes against chestnut blight. Transformation efficiency in the floral dip method is low, approximately
1%, and so this experiment investigated the survival rate of transformed seeds on a selective plate. The
floral dip method was used to transform Arabidopsis thaliana with the two constructs mentioned above.
Approximately 80 seeds were collected from the construct pMJMdef and 196 seeds from the construct
pCADdef. These seeds were then grown on media containing carbenicillin and cefotaxim, to kill the
residual Agrobacterium and kanamycin to kill the untransformed seeds. The experiment is still in
progress, but initial observations show zero seedling germination for the construct pMJMdef and 28
seedlings from the construct pCADdef. The lower germination rate for pMJMdef could be due to the
constitutively expressed defensin being lethal or inhibitory to the transformed cells. The number of
seeds collected is very low, therefore further testing is needed to determine if the differences seen are
due to the way the defensin gene is expressed.
17. PALEOECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PEAT CORE SAMPLES TO COMPARE ECOLOGY AND
COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INLAND SALT MARSHES IN MICHIGAN & NEW YORK
Klingler KB, Eallonardo A, Distler M, and Leopold DJ
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Inland salt marsh (ISM) is a naturally rare wetland community (G1/S1) characterized by
organic or mineral soils inundated with sodium or chlorine loaded groundwater (Michigan Natural
Features Inventory). Inland salt marshes are limited to Michigan, Illinois and New York. This study
examined peat core samples extracted from what is the only remaining intact inland salt marsh in
Michigan and peat cores collected from Carncross inland salt marsh at Montezuma National Wildlife
Refuge (MNWR) in central New York to determine their paleoecological record for potential restoration
and to examine a poorly understood wetland community. Two adjacent sets of peat cores, 4 m in
depth, were extracted from both Maple River and MWNR and analyzed using visual stratigraphy,
macrofossil presence, loss on ignition and radiocarbon dating. Both the Maple River and Carncross sites
exhibit the same trend of decreasing organic matter as depth or time increases. It is clear that
Schoenoplectus americanus (a Michigan ISM indicator species) has been present within the Maple River
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system for a long time (potentially 4000 years) but in considerably different densities. In fact, it is only
within recent history (within 135-150 cm from the surface) that S. americanus appears to have
flourished. The total amount of exposed seepage at the Maple River salt marshes has declined within
the last 25 years with herbaceous vegetation cover threatening to replace the inland salt marsh that
exists today. Future research should concentrate on these globally-imperiled wetland communities as
well as solutions for their subsequent restoration.
18. BEAVER LODGE LOCATION IN RELATION TO AQUATIC LILY PLANT DENSITY IN THE ADIRONDACK
PARK, NEW YORK
Lang CD1 and McNulty S2
1
2
Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY ESF, Adirondack Ecological Center, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9:30-11 am
Abstract: Site quality is critical to determine lodge placement for the American beaver (Castor
canadensis). Vegetation directly adjacent to the shore is one such factor that influences site selection.
This study focused on determining whether there was a correlation between aquatic vegetation density
and distance in relation to where beavers locate their lodges. A random sampling method was employed
to identify the gradient of density in aquatic vegetation from the upstream to the downstream side of
their perennial ponds. Data on water depth, species composition, number of spatterdock plants,
distance from lodge, and percent cover were also collected. A simple regression analysis and a two-way
ANOVA test were performed between to determine an interaction between aquatic vegetation density
and distance from the beaver lodge. A statistically significant direct correlation was found between the
aquatic plant density and lodge position (R2 = 0.05, P = 0.021± 0.03). Although the relationship was
weak with a p-value of 0.021 across all ponds, a limited sample size due to time constrictions is most
likely to blame. This trend indicates that beavers tend to locate their lodges in areas close to areas with
a high density of aquatic lilies. The results of this study are not entirely conclusive but demand further
study. Impacts of such a relationship could benefit the scientific community as a means of
understanding how beavers assess their habitat. This is a critical component of any comprehensive
management program and should be further explored.
19. EFFECTS OF ACIDITY LEVELS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF ZOOPLANKTON AND
PANFISH IN HUNTINGTON AND CRANBERRY LAKE WATERSHEDS
Lau S, Stewart DJ, and Schulz K
Department of Environmental Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: Historically, watersheds in the Adirondack Mountains have suffered from high acidity levels.
Past studies discovered the effects of acidity on the population and presence of different
macroinvertebrate taxa and small panfish that inhabit these lakes. We correlated the acidity levels of
Wolf Lake, Catlin Lake, and two sites within Cranberry Lake with the population distribution and
diversity of zooplankton and panfish. Catlin Lake had a pH of 7.613, Wolf Lake had a pH level of 7.107,
and two sites within Cranberry Lake had pH levels of 6.275 and 6.314. Fish samples, caught using a trap
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net, were counted live for number of species and number of individuals per species for a repetition of
three times throughout the season. Observations showed that Cranberry Lake contained a significantly
larger amount of panfish species distribution than Catlin and Wolf Lake. Zooplankton samples were
collected using a 50 micrometer mesh zooplankton net three times throughout the season, preserved
and analyzed for species diversity and richness. The samples showed that lakes with higher pH levels
(Catlin and Wolf Lake) contained significantly higher zooplankton species richness than the lower pH
levels from Cranberry Lake. These results suggest that small differences in pH can have significant
impacts on the species diversity and evenness of zooplankton and fish species between the sites, and a
correlation between zooplankton and fish species evenness to pH levels. Further study might reveal that
additional variables are contributing to this difference in the community structure in these lakes.
20. THE ROLE OF P12 ACCESSORY PROTEIN OF HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPE-1 IN HUMAN
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
Lillis JA1, Crawford LB2, and Feuer G2,3
1
2
Department of Environmental Forest Biology, SUNY ESF, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY
3
Upstate Medical University, Center for Humanized SCID Mouse Models, SUNY Upstate Medical University
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Human T-cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus virus which is the causative
agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL). The viral RNA encodes a unique region, pX, that codes
for a variety of different regulatory proteins including Tax, p12 and HBZ, that presumably aide in the
virulence and infection of host cells. The effect of p12 on HTLV-1 infected T-cells has previously been
partially elucidated, yet the effect that p12 has on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is still unknown. We
have previously shown that the viral Tax oncogene has unique functions in HSCs. To further understand
the impact p12 has on stem cells human HSCs were infected with a lentivirus vector which constitutively
expresses p12. Initially, a plasmid containing p12 DNA and a fluorescence marker, GFP, was
characterized. We transfected human 293FT cells with the LV-p12 plasmid in conjunction with a
packaging plasmid (Δvpr) and an envelope plasmid (VSV-G) to generate infectious lentiviral particles.
The transfection was verified using flow cytometry to quantify percent GFP expression and the cell
lysates were harvested from infected cells to confirm p12 protein expression. We isolated HSCs from
fetal liver, infected them with lentivirus and cultured them on semi-solid media supplemented with
cytokines. On this growth media individual HSCs form distinct clonogenic colonies, which were
enumerated and characterized at 6, 9, and 12 days. These experiments will help to elucidate the role of
p12 on HTLV-1 infection in HSCs, specifically the role of p12 on HSC development and viral pathogenesis.
21. PREVALENCE OF THE PATHOGEN ICHTHYOPHONUS HOFERI IN CHINOOK SALMON HEART TISSUES
DETERMINED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Lin M and Whipps CM
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Page 11 of 23
Abstract: The fish parasite Ichthyophonus hoferi is a pathogen of mostly on marine and freshwater fish,
such as Chinook salmon. Infected animals show decreased swimming performance and longevity,
possibly contributing to prespawning mortalities in Yukon River Chinook salmon in Alaska. Studies have
showed a decreasing parasite prevalence over time at the mouth of the river in Emmonak, Alaska, from
25/151 (16.6%) in 2007 to 30/296 (10.0%) in 2008. The goals of this project were to continue generating
baseline prevalence estimates through 2009, and to evaluate modifications to the existing diagnostic
test. DNA was extracted from the salmon heart tissue samples to determine the parasite’s prevalence in
the salmon populations. The QIAGEN DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit was used to accomplish this, followed
by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gel electrophoresis. Two different PCR polymerases, Taq 2X and
Crimson Taq (from New England Biolabs) were compared. Agreement between the two was in the 95%
confidence intervals 0.921-1.0. Prevalence of I. hoferi in the 2009 samples was 12/150 (8%). Prevalence
estimates overlap between years, but the general trend showed a decrease over time. In addition,
samples from Eagle, AK which is further upriver showed a slightly higher prevalence of 26/201 (12.9%).
This may be due to the greater detectability of the parasite once infections have had time to become
more severe, or possible bias in sampling moribund fish near the shoreline. Continued monitoring,
transmission studies, and determining predisposing factors for infection are required to fully understand
and control I. hoferi in Chinook salmon.
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22. SONGBIRD RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE ACROSS A GRADIENT OF TERRESTRIAL CALCIUM
AVAILABILITY IN THE ADIRONDACK PARK, NEW YORK
Ma J1, McNulty S1, and Beier C2
1
2
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF, Department of Forest and Natural Resource
Management, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: Studies demonstrate that acid deposition has a detrimental effect on forest bird populations
in Europe and North America by leaching critical minerals such as calcium. This study focuses on the
species presence of songbirds to develop insight on acidification impacts in the Adirondacks. We
assessed the richness and abundance of songbirds across a gradient of relatively high (n=2), medium
(n=2), and low (n=2) calcium levels by conducting single-observer point counts June-July 2009 in the
Central and Southern Adirondacks. We conducted three point counts (n=18) in each region at sites that
were 200 meters apart, with each site visited twice in one breeding season. Percent ground and canopy
cover were recorded at each site as an index of habitat variation. We detected 29 species with an
average of 31.8 ± 7.2 (SD) birds/point and 17.5 ± 2.4 (SD) species/point. Overall abundance was
positively related to calcium levels (F=7.3, P <0.01), including two calcium-dependent species, the Blackthroated Blue Warbler (F=3.67, P =0.03 ± 1.2 SD) and Ovenbird (F=5.8, P <0.01). Overall species richness
was not positively related to calcium levels (F=0.92, P =0.5 ± 2 SD). Percent ground cover and canopy
cover were not different between sites (F=1.87, P=0.174 ± 0.3 SD; F=2.55, P=0.09 ± 0.05 SD,
respectively), indicating habitat homogeneity among sites. These data indicate that calcium can
influence the structure and relative abundance of songbird populations in the Adirondacks. However,
future research with larger sample sizes encompassing a broader range of calcium availability should be
considered.
23. TAIL COMMUNICATION AND DOMINANCE INTERACTIONS IN THE EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL
(SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS)
Pardo MA
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Advisor: William Shields
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are thought to communicate with their tails, but
neither the nature of the information conveyed, nor the meanings of specific tail signals have been
studied. I investigated gray squirrel tail communication in the context of dominance interactions. I
provided sunflower seeds to attract multiple squirrels to the same location, and videotaped the
squirrels. I developed an ordinal numeric system for describing “tail state variables” (e.g. tail position,
degree of tail piloerection), recorded the value of each tail state variable for each squirrel at every
second in a given video clip, and determined the relative dominance ranks of the squirrels within the
clip. I used multiple logistic regression and Chi-squared tests to explore correlations between tail state
variables and relative dominance rank. Tail position was correlated with the behavior of conspecifics.
Several tail state variables were also correlated with the signaler’s relative dominance rank, dominancePage 13 of 23
related behaviors, or both. This study provides evidence that gray squirrels do communicate with their
tails, and that tail signals indicate dominance and submission.
24. PREDICTING LOCATIONS OF SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED IN NEW YORK WITH
BROAD-SCALE SPECIES-HABITAT MODELS
Payne ML1 and McKenna JE2
1
2
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF, Tunison Laboratory of Aquatic Science, USGS/Great
Lakes Science Center, Cortland, NY
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) are at some risk of extirpation or extinction.
Most SGCN are uncommon and rarely observed, making it difficult to identify and characterize their
optimal habitat. Great Lake Aquatic Gap Analysis (GLGap) models use observed species-habitat
relationships to predict the locations of suitable habitat for any given species, typically for common
species. Extensive georeferenced databases (e.g., New York DEC, Statewide Fisheries Database (SWFD))
make it possible to apply these models to uncommon species. We developed neural networks for 17
New York SGCN stream fishes based on SWFD observations and associated GLGap habitat data. Models
were developed on both species-specific and full species assemblage bases. Models performed well and
predictions for all NY streams were mapped. These maps indicate habitats most likely to support the
selected species, as well as the richness of SGCN that may be supported by each stream segment.
Potential SGCN density was as high as 10 species per stream segment, with generally higher densities in
Great Lakes and Allegheny drainages than elsewhere. Additional independent data are needed to
validate these models, but the predictions may assist with prioritization of habitats to be examined and
possibly managed for SGCN conservation.
25. TESTING FOR THE PRESENCE OF NECROPHOBIC BEHAVIOR IN SMALL MAMMALS IN ADIRONDACK
STATE PARK, NY
Prounis GS, Frair JL, and Schlaepfer MA
Department of Environmental Biology and Forestry Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Necrophobia is defined as the fear of death or dead bodies, which may be an evolutionary
response to the potential risk of illness or mortality signaled by cadavers. Understanding whether a
species exhibits necrophobia may be important to understanding the potential for disease transmission
in populations, or may even be used as a conservation tool by ‘tricking’ animals to avoid risky areas.
Using food plots with and without the presence of a cadaver, I tested for necrophobic behavior in small
mammals inhabiting the northeastern hardwood forests surrounding Cranberry Lake Biological Station
in Adirondack State Park, NY in summer 2009. Giving-up-densities (GUD; the density of food remaining
on a plot after a trial) is a surrogate for the amount of time an animal spent at the plot, with a high GUD
indicating a high perception of risk. I established three experimental seed trays in triangular plots
spaced 3 m apart in a mixed-deciduous forest stand. Three types of trays were used in each plot: an
experimental tray containing an incised house mouse (Mus musculus) cadaver, a control tray containing
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a toy mouse, and a standard control tray (no body), with each treatment including 200 sunflower seeds
buried in ~70cm3 of sand. After 44 nightly trials, a higher GUD was observed for trays associated with
cadavers (mean=23.7%, SD=28.7855, n=30) than the control trays (standard control: mean=10.9%,
SD=23.6037, n=35; toy control: mean=12.9%, SD=18.5026, n=32). This indicates that small mammals
responded to cadavers as posing a risk, and therefore exhibited necrophobia.
26. IMPACT OF LAND USE ON THE EASTERN CHIPMUNKS ABUNDANCE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION IN
THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS
Reyes CL
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Advisor: William Porter
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: The eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), ranging from the eastern side of the United States
and well into the south, is an indicator species susceptible to disturbance. Its population and condition
are good indications of effects humans have on local wildlife since they are more apt to reflect shifts in
the ecosystem’s integrity due to their high productivity and short lifespan. To observe impacts of human
disturbance, I sought to study at three sites in Huntington Forest which is situated within the Adirondack
Mountains. These sites were ranked from low to high human disturbance by how many estimated
individuals visited yearly. The Natural Area is described as having low human disturbance, Arbutus Area
as having a medium amount, and Visitor Center (VIC) as having a high amount. Traps were set up at
these three sites in the early evening and then checked daily in the early morning across a grid of 7X7 or
49 stations with each station being 20 meters apart. With each successful capture of a chipmunk, I
measured physical condition such as weight and sex. Though weight averages were similar across the
range, the Arbutus Area had the greatest abundance of individuals, with chipmunks mostly caught away
from sources of human disturbance. In contrast the VIC area chipmunks were caught near the picnic
area which was situated within the trapping grid. This implies that though disturbance does not affect
the chipmunk’s physical condition it does affect where this species chooses to forage.
27. CALCULATION OF MERCURY TRANSFER ALONG INSECTIVORES FOOD CHAIN VIA EMERGENT
DIPTERANS IN WETLANDS OF THE ADIRONDACKS PARK, NY
Rosales-Zelaya C1 and Driscoll C2
1
2
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Syracuse University
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is known to be an environmental pollutant that causes health problems to all
wildlife. Previous Hg studies have focused on fish and freshwater ecology, but less work has been done
on the role of insects as mercury vectors in the wetland food chain. The question this research is
pursuing is how much of the Hg in the wetlands would be incorporated into a food chain through
emergent dipterans. Emergent insects were collected on three different bogs on the Adirondack Park,
New York, using floating emergence traps. Total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) levels were
measured from all samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and by cold vapor atomic
fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. The THg levels of all three sites ranged from 44ppb to
Page 15 of 23
184.6ppb, while the MeHg levels ranged from 30.8ppb to 113.6ppb, providing a %MeHg/THg
fractionation range of 59.7 to 76.7. These results provide a strong basis for how much Hg could initially
be introduced to a food chain that includes insects as primary prey. Furthermore, these high levels
should encourage additional research to be done regarding the fluxes of Hg within a wetland food chain.
This would provide better systems ecology analysis, and could be used in the conservation aid of
insectivorous birds known to have high levels of Hg, such as Bicknell’s thrush.
28. MICROCYSTIN-LR CONJUGATE FORMATION IN ANIMAL LIVER TISSUE
Schmidt JR and Boyer GL
Department of Chemistry, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Microcystin-LR is a peptide toxin produced by the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. This
toxin affects the enzyme protein phosphatase, forming a permanent covalent linkage within the active
site. To protect themselves, plants and animals have developed a mechanism to detoxify microcystins
through biotransformation of free microcystin using glutathione. This forms a series of conjugate
products. Along the biotransformation pathway, several intermediates are formed before being
excreted out of the organism, beginning with the initial glutathione conjugate and ending with the
mercapturic derivative. A better understanding of the rate of conjugation of this toxin is important for
an accurate assessment of the toxicity of microcystins during foodweb transfer. Here we used
commercially available glutathione transferase and crude liver extracts to examine the amount of time
required to form the different conjugates after exposure to the toxin microcystin-LR using HPLC mass
spectrometry. Thiol-LR, a microcystin blocked from forming covalent linkages to either the protein or
glutathione, was included as an internal standard. Although no conjugation of microcystin-LR was
detected in the liver extracts, the glutathione conjugate was formed in the reaction vial containing the
glutathione transferase enzyme. The maximum concentration of the glutathione conjugate was
detected after five hours of the glutathione transferase enzyme being exposed to microcystin-LR. This
provides evidence for the conjugation of glutathione being an induced process.
29. FOUNDATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC WILLOWS: IN VITRO REGENERATION AND
AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATIONS OF SALIX NIGRA
Scriber L and Fernando D
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Hallmarks of most willow species are their rapid growth and ability to thrive in moist
conditions. Black willow (Salix nigra Marsh.) is the largest willow species in North America and is
primarily located along floodplains and streams. These characteristics make black willow an ideal
species for utilization in phytoremediation of polluted soils. As with any commercially important plant
with biotechnology possibilities there is a need for a set of reliable and reproducible tissue culture
practices to facilitate procedures such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformations. It was the purpose
of this study to ascertain the optimal conditions, procedures and media for production of trangenics
Page 16 of 23
utilizing a system analogous to Nicotiana tabacum leaf disc transformations. Various culture conditions,
inoculation strategies and media formulations were instituted to acquire transgenic cells as well as a
protocol for plantlet regeneration. Initial findings revealed leaf tissue of S. nigra to be highly sensitive to
direct light exposure in culture and extensive periods of liquid immersion to be detrimental to growth.
Transformation procedures utilizing a short sonication period at pre-inoculation stage and inoculation
using a semi-submergence technique yielded the greatest number of GFP expression cell clumps. One
trial utilizing the aforementioned technique yielded 8 out of 40 explants containing at least one GFP
expressing aggregate of cells, with most having 5 or more. In all cases, explants in various media
formulations displayed variable amounts of callus growth while showing no capacity for regeneration.
With further research into a protocol for tissue regeneration, the production of transgenic willows is
feasible.
30. LIPID CONTENT OF CORALS IN THE FLORIDA KEYS
Stultz Z and Teece M
Department of Chemistry, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Corals can utilize both photosynthesis, from symbiotic zooxanthellae, and directly ingest food
from surrounding water, to satisfy their nutritional needs. Although corals are known to be very
sensitive to change, as shown by increasing instances of bleaching, this duality could help corals to
survive stresses like ocean acidification and global climate change. High lipid content is often associated
with higher survivability of corals under changing conditions. We measured the lipid content of two
coral species, Porites astreoides and Monastraea faveolata from several locations in the Florida Reef
Tract to determine whether high lipid content was correlated with increased heterotrophic feeding
activity. We collected corals from inshore patch reefs and the offshore reef crest and measured the total
lipid content and stable isotope composition. The stable C and N isotope composition of corals records
the extent of heterotrophic feeding by an individual coral animal. We found that corals are opportunistic
feeders and will capture available food particles in the water and individual species adapt differently to
changing water conditions. The lipid reserves of each species spanned a wide range, showing that
individual colonies obtain their food reserves from whatever is available. M. faveolata contained higher
lipid reserves on inshore reefs than colonies from offshore reefs suggesting that environmental
conditions may dictate the health of this species. In contrast, P. astreoides contained similar lipid
reserves on onshore and offshore reefs suggesting that growth and survival of this species may not be as
affected by changes in water quality or environmental growth conditions.
Page 17 of 23
31. OPTIMIZATION OF THE AUXIN AND CTYOKININ CONCENTRATIONS TO IMPROVE SHOOT
FORMATIONS ON AMERICAN ELM LEAF CUTTINGS
Underwood AD and Powell WA
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: The optimal ratio of the cytokinin, benzylaminopurine (BA), and the Auxin indole-3-buturic
acid (IBA) was investigated for the “BP’s modified American Elm Shoot Elongation Medium (EEL), William
Powell” protocol for two Dutch Elm Disease resistant American elm (Ulmus Americana) varieties, Valley
Forge and New Harmony. The hormones BA and IBA are important in inducing shoot formation on leaf
cuttings of many plant species; thus optimizing the ratio of these hormones should theoretically
increase the yield of shoots from elm leaf cuttings. A 2x3x3 factorial design was used with two clones
(Valley Forge and New harmony), and 3 levels of each hormone (0.5X 1X 2X), with X being the
concentrations used in the original EEL medium (BA 5.5uM, and for IBA 0.22uM). At the end of 11 weeks
it was noted that New Harmony produced only callus in any of the treatment combinations tested.
However, for Valley Forge many of the hormone combinations produced some shoots, but the
combination of 2X IBA and 1X BA produced the most shoots (average of 3 shoots per explant). While the
control treatment, 1X BA and 1XIBA produced an average of approximately 1 shoot per explant.
32. EFFECTS OF TOPOGRAPHY ON PINYON PINE AND JUNIPER POPULATIONS IN THE LOS PINOS MTS.,
NEW MEXICO
Westerband A1 and LaQuay G2
1
2
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF, Escuela de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad
Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10:30 am
Abstract: The Pinyon pine- juniper woodlands are one of the most common semi arid ecosystem types
of southwestern United States. Topography, especially aspect, greatly affects heat load and
microclimate, and consequently it can mediate biotic interactions in this drought prone environment.
Our objective was to increase the understanding of the effects of topography (aspect) on population size
and structure of two dominant plant species, Pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) and One-seed Juniper (Juniperus
monosperma). We established a total of 32 transects (each 50 m long) distributed evenly among north
facing and south facing slopes, within four sites in the Los Pinos Mountains of Central New Mexico. We
quantified the abundance, size structure, and reproductive status of both species within a 2-m wide belt
and measured grass density in 30 by 30 centimeter plots distributed evenly along transects. North facing
slopes had a significantly greater abundance of trees compared to south facing slopes. Mean tree size of
P. edulis was consistently greater than that of J. monosperma. Tree population structure did not vary
with aspect. The proportion of individuals fruiting was greater on north facing slopes for both species.
Lastly, grass density varied independently of aspect. Thus, south facing slopes supported smaller
populations of the studied woody species, consistent with expected higher heat load and a resulting
drier microclimate. Conversely, north facing slopes provided a better habitat for both woody species in
Page 18 of 23
terms of their population size and reproduction. Aspect is an important ecological factor in species
interactions in this arid ecosystem.
Class Projects
33. AUDIT TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY USED FOR LIGHTING IN SUNY-ESF ACADEMIC
BUILDINGS
Barbour O1, Betz D1, Milewski S1, Murai Y1, Shah A2, Smith J1, Speicher,A1, and Tetrault M1
1
2
SUNY ESF, Syracuse University
Class: EST 427 Advisor: Richard Smarden
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: Our study objective is to develop a system for auditing light usage on ESF campus. Using
Marshall Hall will attempt to document the energy use on lighting by taking inventory of all of the light
bulbs in the building with their wattage and how many hours of use per day. This will act as our model
to set precedence to be used for the rest of the buildings on campus. All of the structural lights only will
be taken into account during our inventory. To do this we will go from room to room counting the
number of light bulbs, and their wattage, using a set of plans obtained from the physical plant for
comparison. After we have an inventory of light bulbs we will need to develop a method of sampling to
determine how many hours of each day the lights are active. Then buy multiplying the hours of use by
wattage and dividing by a thousand we will determine the kilowatt hours (kWh) devoted to lighting
Marshall Hall. After we have an estimate of kWh used for lighting, we will research and analyze other
more efficient lighting approaches and make recommendations for changes such as more efficient light
bulbs, timers or dimmers. As a final goal we expect to achieve an optimal energy savings upgrade on
campus.
34. DESIGN OF AN AQUAPONIC CEA/CHP SYSTEM FOR FORMER PAPER MILL SITE IN LYONS FALLS, NY
Baschmann JL, Bishop GL, Gu X, and Daley DJ
Department of Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering, SUNY ESF
Class: FEB 489 Advisor: Douglas Daley
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: The purpose of this project is to analyze and design an innovative and sustainable
redevelopment strategy for a former paper mill site in Lyons Falls, NY. The proposed design will
incorporate controlled environment agriculture (CEA) supported by combined heat and power (CHP).
The paper mill closed in 2001 due to outsourcing of the paper industry in central New York. The village
of Lyons Falls and the Lewis County Redevelopment Center are working with the SUNY Center for
Brownfield Studies to redevelop the site with consideration for local economic, environmental and social
conditions. Our team is designing an aquaponic solution that combines fish and plant production in a
Page 19 of 23
sustainable ecosystem contained within a greenhouse structure. The system will focus on warm water
fish that thrive in an environment suitable for production of plant commodities. A boiler based
cogeneration system will be incorporated to provide heat and electricity for operation of the aquaponic
system. The source of power may consist of any combination of hydro-electric, fossil fuels, bio-fuels, or
bio-mass.
35. ENERGY AUDIT OF ONONDAGA COUNTY'S TRANSPORTATION FLEET
Carroll P, Meredith K, Guilford M, Moghariya D, and Yang X
Departments of Environmental Studies and Environmental Sciences, SUNY ESF
Class: EST 427 Advisor: Richard Smarden
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9:30-10:30 am
Abstract: Our research aims to evaluate the different types of vehicles used by the Onondaga County
government by accumulating information from the Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of
Water Environment Protection (WEP), the Parks Department and the Sheriff’s Department. We will
collect data specifically for the make, model, year, fuel type and mileage driven of each vehicle.
Furthermore, we will attempt to identify emission control technologies and refrigerants used, if any, of
each vehicle model. The data will then be broken down into five different subcategories for evaluation
and will then be used to calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from each class respectively.
Our assessment of Onondaga County’s government fleet energy efficiency is organized around scope
one emissions; mobile combustion emissions. Indirect emissions, such as those produced from
transport-related activities in vehicles owned by contractors, from commuting, and from business trips
will not be incorporated into our study. Our analysis primarily evaluates 2008 data; however we
obtained some 2010 data to perform a comparative analysis within WEP. We hope to formulate a
strategy for mitigating the county’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions through our
concluding recommendations toward more economically viable and environmentally sound practices.
36. URBAN FLOODING MITIGATION: A CASE STUDY AT PPC, EAST SYRACUSE, NY
Fertel Y, Lavelle A, Moran D, and Daley D
Department of Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering, SUNY ESF
Class: FEB 489 Advisor: Douglas Daley
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: PPC is a manufacturing facility specializing in telecommunication connector technology
located on East Molloy Road in East Syracuse, NY. The site experiences periodic flooding that interferes
with production. Previous investigations indicated that flooding occurs when the Onondaga County
storm sewer system is at capacity. The primary cause of flooding is related to a culvert alongside the PPC
property that backflows onto the site when flow exceeds 15 cubic feet per second (cfs). The culvert
connects a 105-acre industrialized drainage area to the county stormwater system. Compared to the
county system, the lower site elevation makes it difficult to remove water once it enters the PPC site.
This design project addressed potential solutions for the site to mitigate the flooding by designing
stormwater solutions throughout the 105-acre drainage area in accordance with the New York State
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Stormwater Management Design Manual. Using the stormwater management modeling program EPA
SWMM, we created a model of the drainage area to evaluate various engineered solutions. Our
solutions included pumps, water storage facilities and infrastructure improvements to reduce flooding
during the one-year 24-hour design storm (Q1 = 36cfs). Solutions that also improve the quality of the
runoff from the drainage area that ultimately discharges to Onondaga Lake were preferred. The
suggested design addressed the flooding issue while minimizing construction and maintenance costs.
37. ASSESSING THE BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS FOOTPRINT FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FACILITIES SERVING ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK
Hudson C1, Staniec T2, Tombler A1, and Venkataramani D2
1
2
Department of Environmental Studies, SUNY ESF, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse
UniversityI
Class: EST 427 Advisor: Richard Smarden
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9:30-11 am
Abstract: In response to concerns regarding the effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) and global climate
change, Onondaga County has joined a growing number of local governments seeking to identify their
impact through a GHG inventory. The objective of this assessment was to provide Onondaga County the
data necessary to establish a greenhouse gas emission baseline for County wastewater treatment
facilities. Data from 2008 was collected from existing utility and operational records for the County’s six
wastewater treatment plants, associated pump stations, administrative offices and laboratory facilities.
Emission sources were complied based on energy usage, gases discharged from treatment processes
and fugitive emissions from facility equipment and stored chemicals. Carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxide accounted for the primary emissions cataloged. Emissions were calculated as CO2
equivalents by both a spreadsheet method as well as established online calculators for ICLEI: Local
Governments for Sustainability “Local Governments Operations Protocol” and EPA/DOE Portfolio
Manager. The results of the assessment will provide the County with a quantifiable estimate of
greenhouse gases emitted from wastewater treatment operations, which will allow comparison
between pump stations that may be useful in measuring effectiveness of future greenhouse gas
reduction efforts.
38. STORMWATER AND FLOOD MITIGATION AT FRANKLIN PARK IN DEWITT, NY
Miller D, Pagano III C, Peterson D, and Daley D
Department of Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering, SUNY ESF
Class: FEB 489 Advisor: Douglas Daley
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Frequent flooding in the suburb of Franklin Park is a recurring problem for the residents of this
community. The Franklin Park area is approximately 1.5 square miles in size and is located on the
upstream end of Saunders Creek in the Town of Dewitt. The area is typically very flat (0.1% to 0.6%
slopes) with native soils having poor percolation rates and high amounts of impervious areas associated
with paved roads, driveways, and rooftops. Our project evaluates the root causes of the flooding
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problem and proposes design elements of a modern stormwater management system. New stormwater
management practices will combine proven standard methods with newer alternative or ‘green’
practices. Green stormwater management practices include extensive tree plantings, rooftop gardens,
rain gardens, rain barrels, and pervious pavements. Conventional practices such as retention ponds and
drainage swales will be evaluated. The stormwater management system is designed using the
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for New York State with practices from the NYS
Stormwater Design Manual. An economic analysis was conducted for several design options and a
preliminary cost estimate was produced for the best option.
39. PHA ACCUMULATION IN PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA KT2440 GROWN ON VARIABLE CONDITIONS
Nonaka M
Departments of Environmental Science and Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering, SUNY ESFI
Class: BTC 499 Advisor: Charles Maynard
Visit this student next to their poster from: 10-11 am
Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are stereo specific polyesters consisting of various
hydroxythermoplastics alkanoates. The polyesters are used as raw materials in biodegradable
thermoplastics. They are produced bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate. The strain Pseudomonas
putida KT2440 is known to produce large amounts of medium-chain-length (MCL) PHAs, which contain 6
to 14 carbons in their repeating units. PHA production largely depends on the growth condition of the
cells. In the past, it was thought that low concentration of nitrogen and high concentration of carbon
can produce large amount of PHAs. However, based on our research, both carbon and nitrogen
limitation can enhance PHA production. This research examines the optimum condition to produce large
amount of PHA production.
40. THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING FROM CAMPFIRE ASH ON ALGAE GROWTH IN FISH CREEK
POND, ADIRONDACKS
Palmer J and McEwen A
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF
Class: EFB 424 Advisor: Kim Shulz
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-10 am
Abstract: Fish Creek Pond (FCP), a shallow 55 hectare waterbody located in the Adirondack Park, NY,
has been subjected to intensive recreational use and related development, raising concerns about
biological and chemical impacts. We noted 355 campsites surrounding the pond have fire pits situated
on barren sandy soil in close proximity to the water’s edge. Phosphorous from a variety of sources,
including ash, has been identified as the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in many
waterbodies. The impact of campfire ash inputs was investigated by conducting a series of in vitro
experiments to examine the impact that runoff from campfire ash at FCP has on increases in
phosphorous and related algal growth within pond waters. Methods included analyzing initial P content
of soil and ash samples using chemical extraction methods. Ash was added to FCP lake water in various
masses and then filtered before being spiked with an algae culture media. Results indicate soil P levels
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are higher closer to fire pits, and there is a positive correlation between P levels in ash and algal growth
in FCP water. The results have important implications for recreation area managers, designers, and
future research.
41. DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF BROWNFIELD SITES FOR FOOD SECURITY
Heim C, Smith M, Woods S, and Daley D
Department of Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering, SUNY ESF
Class: FEG 489 Advisor: Douglas Daley
Visit this student next to their poster from: 9-11 am
Abstract: Approximately 80 operating paper mills are located in the Northeastern United States. As a
result of a globalized economy and the pressure for American industry to move away from
manufacturing, these sites are losing their marketability. In the next 10 years it is predicted that 80% of
the paper mills in the US will close, leaving behind skeletons of derelict industrial parks also known as
brownfields. The closures will have a significant economic and environmental impact on the local
communities. While these sites leave a legacy of outdated structures, they typically have extensive
infrastructural systems such as railways and utilities that present opportunities for innovative use of
advanced agricultural systems. Community leaders of Groveton, NH, in collaboration with the SUNY
Center for Brownfield Studies, have tasked us with preparing design and development plans in
anticipation of the recent closure of the Groveton paper mill. The goal of this project is to create a
prototypical design for redevelopment of former paper mill sites that will revive the local economy and
provide food security. We will design for commercial multi-use operations to produce organic
vegetables and farm-raised fish in a symbiotic hydroponic and aquaculture system known as
aquaponics.
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