WRITING INSTRUCTIONS FOR
PAPERS AND RESEARCH PROJECTS
FOR THE SCHOOL OF RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY:
A Style Guide for Students
Wayland Baptist University
Edited and Revised
Marcus L. Morin and C. Scott Winegar
Plainview, Texas
2011
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following are examples of the most commonly used sources. The bibliography uses a
different form than footnote form. Keep in mind that a bibliographic reference might require
the use of one or more of these examples. For example, you might have a book in a series that
happens to be a second edition. In this case you would combine two separate forms.
NOTE: You can use the highlighted forms below as templates.
ONE AUTHOR
Bruce, F. F. Jesus and Christian Origins outside the New Testament. Grand Rapids: William B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1974.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
TWO OR THREE AUTHORS
Bethge, Hans-Gebhard, Stephen J. Patterson, and James M. Robinson. The Fifth Gospel: The
Gospel of Thomas Comes of Age. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 1998.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name, Second Author’s Full Name, and Third Author’s Full
Name. Title of the Book. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS
Eisendrath, Maurice N., Charles Moeller, Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, William G. Pollard, and
Alexander Wittenberg. Religion and the University. Toronto: University of Toronto
Press, 1964.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name, Second Author’s Full Name, Third Author’s Full
Name, and Fourth Author’s Full Name. Title of the Book. City: Publisher, Copyright
Date.
NO AUTHOR GIVEN
Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition. Crestwood:
Saint Vladimir’s Seminary Press, [1978].
Title of the Book. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
INSTITUTION, ASSOCIATION, OR COLLECTIVE BODY AS “AUTHOR”
The Jesus Seminar. The Complete Gospels. Edited by Robert J. Miller. San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
Institution as Author. Title of the Book. Edited by Editor’s Name. City: Publisher, Copyright
Date.
1
2
SERIES (books which belong to a set of many books- not including commentaries)
Wright, H. Norman. Self-talk, Imagery, and Prayer in Counseling. Resources for Christian
Counseling. Edited by Gary R. Collins. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1986.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book. Title of the Series. Edited by
Editor’s Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
COMMENTARY SERIES (Any commentary with one author, including: Word Biblical Commentary, NIV
Application Commentary, Interpretation, Smyth and Helwys Bible Commentary, etc.)
Dunn, James D.G. Romans 1-8. Word Biblical Commentary. Volume 38A. Edited by Glenn W.
Barker and David A. Hubbard. Dallas: Word Book, 1988.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book. Title of the Commentary Series.
Volume Number. Edited by Editor’s Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
WORKS CITING WORKS(Definition: When one author quotes another author. For example, if
Eugene Peterson quotes Stanley Grenz then use this format. )
With Publication Information:
Brueggemann, Walter. Abiding Astonishment. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991.
Quoted in Praise and Lament in the Psalms. By Claus Westermann. Atlanta: John Knox
Press, 1981.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book Referenced. City: Publisher,
Copyright Date. Quoted in Title of the Book Referencing. By Author’s Full Name. City:
Publisher, Copyright Date.
Without Publication Information (Church Fathers and Creeds):
Chrysostom, John. Homilies on Genesis. Quoted in Genesis 1-11. Ancient Christian
Commentary on Scripture. Edited by Andrew Louth. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press,
2001.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book or Word Referenced. Quoted in Title of
the Book Referencing. Edited by Editor’s Full Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
BOOK COMPOSED OF CHAPTERS/ARTICLES BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS
Benson, Warren S. “Philosophical Foundations of Christian Education.” Introducing Christian
Education: Foundations for the Twenty-first Century. Edited by Michael J. Anthony.
Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Chapter/Article within the Book.” Title of
the Book. Edited by Editor’s Full Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
3
ARTICLE IN A MULTI-VOLUME WORK(Any commentary with multiple author/ articles,
including: Interpreter’s Bible, Broadman Bible Commentary, and The Anchor Bible Dictionary)
Porter, Stanley E. "Mattathias." The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Volume 4. Edited by David Noel
Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article or Dictionary Entry.” Title of the
Book. Volume Number. Edited by Editor’s Full Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
THE BIBLE
The Holy Bible. The New Oxford Annotated Bible, with the Apocrypha. Edited by Bruce M.
Metzger and Roland E. Murphy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
The Holy Bible. The Name of the Bible. Edited by Editor’s Full Name. City: Publisher,
Copyright Date.
EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST
Brister, C. W. Pastoral Care in the Church, 3d ed. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book, #d ed. City: Publisher, Copyright
Date.
TITLE WITHIN A TITLE IN A BOOK
Pasnau, Robert. Thomas Aquinas on Human Nature: A Philosophical Study of “Summa
Theologiae,” 1a 75-89. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
ARTICLES(journals, magazines, etc.)
Brueggemann, Walter. "Biblical Theology Appropriately Postmodern." Biblical Theology
Bulletin 27(Spring 1997): 4-22.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume Number
(Date of Publication): Page Number Range.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine, Date of
Publication, Page Number Range.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume Number.
Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number Range.
TITLE WITHIN A TITLE IN AN ARTICLE
Marty, Martin E. “All Gnostics Here- The American Religion: The Emergence of the PostChristian Nation by Harold Bloom.” The Christian Century 109.18 (May 1992): 545549.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of the Article.” Title of the Journal Volume
Number. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number Range.
4
BOOK REVIEW IN A JOURNAL
Bartholomew, Gilbert L. Review of The Millennial Maze: Sorting out Evangelical Options. By
Stanley Grenz. Homiletics 18.1(1993): 25-26.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Review of The Name of the Book Being Reviewed.
By Author of the Book Being Reviewed. Title of Journal Volume Number. Issue Number
(Date of Publication): Page Number Range.
EDITOR’S OWN WORDS (Use this citation to reference the editor’s own words, such as information
written to preface or introduction another author’s work)
Kerr, Hugh T., ed. Readings in Christian Thought. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1990.
Editor’s Last Name, Editor’s First Name, ed. Title of the Book. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
TRANSLATED WORKS
Gunkel, Hermann. Genesis. Translated by Mark E. Biddle. Macon: Mercer University Press,
1997.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book. Translated by Translator’s Full Name.
City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
SPEECH
Eulogy of Charles V. In Latin, apparently written at the monastery of St. Just, Spain. Special
Collections, Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago, Chicago.
Title of the Speech. In the original language of the speech, Where the Speech was given. Where
the Speech is kept, City.
PUBLISHED MUSICAL SCORE/HYMNAL
Luther, Martin. “A Mighty Fortress is our God.” The Baptist Hymnal. English version by Frederic H.
Hedge. Edited by Wesley L. Forbis. Nashville: Convention Press, 1991.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Music Piece.” Title of Work. English version by
Translator’s Full Name. Edited by Editor’s Full Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date.
VIDEO RECORDINGS/DVD
Bonhoeffer: Agent of Grace. Produced by D. Judson, K. Krause, R. Nielsen, G. Pfändner, K.
Rittig, C. Stehr and A. Thies. Directed by Eric Till. 90 min. Gateway Films. 1999.
Videocassette.
Name of Video Recording. Produced by Producer’s Name. Directed by Director’s Name. Length
of the Film. Production Company. Date of Production. Type of Recording.
5
PERSONAL INTERVIEW (Unpublished Interview by Writer of Paper)
Ratcliffe, Carolyn, Doctor of Religion at Wayland Baptist University. Interview by author, 23
September 2005, Plainview. Personal interview. Wayland Baptist University, Plainview.
Interviewee’s Last Name, Interviewee’s First Name, Status and Place of Employment. Interview
by author, Date of Interview, City of Interview. Type of Interview. Location of Interview,
City of Location.
PUBLISHED INTERVIEW (Published in a Journal)
Wright, N. T. “A Reformation and Revival Journal Interview with N. T. Wright.” Interview by
Travis Tamerius. Reformation and Revival 11.1 (Winter 2002): 117-139.
Interviewee’s Last Name, Interviewee’s First Name, Status and Place of Employment. Interview
by author, Date of Interview, City of Interview. Type of Interview. Location of Interview,
City of Location.
BOOK FROM THE INTERNET
Smith, George. Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary. Transcribed and edited by
Harry Platinga. Grand Rapids: Christian Classics Ethereal Library, 1999. Database online. Available from http://www.ccel.org/s/smith_geo careycarey.htm, Internet. Accessed
16 September 2002.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book. Transcribed and Edited by Editor’s
Name. City: Publisher, Copyright Date. Database on-line. Available from internet site.
Internet. Accessed Date of Access.
ARTICLE FROM THE INTERNET
Scalise, Pamela. "Prisoners of Hope--A Study in the Minor Prophets: Zechariah." Decision
(November 2002). Database on-line. Available from http://www
.billygraham.org/article.aspi=262 &s=103. Accessed 3 March 2003.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal (Date of
Publication). Database on-line. Available from internet site. Accessed Date of Access.
WEB SITE
Witherington, Ben. “Long Suffering Job-the Man and his Manuscript.” Online lecture. Available
from http://www.benwitherington.com/PersonalWorks.htm#Long Suffering. Internet.
Accessed 19 January 2006.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Internet Page/Article.” Type of source.
Available from internet site. Internet. Accessed Date of Access.
6
Bibliography for Electronic Documents
Citations of electronic documents can follow the same general form as citations of printed
materials. The same basic information is needed: author and title of the particular item; name and
description of the source cited, whether CD-ROM, some other physical form, or an on-line
source; city of publication, if any; publisher or vendor (or both); date of publication or access (or
both); and identifying numbers or pathway needed for access to the material. Citations of
material previously issued in print should include the same information and use the same style as
any references to books and periodicals, as well as providing the additional information
necessary to locate the electronic version. Be sure to include the website.
Only published internet sources are pre-approved for use. All other internet sources must be
approved by the lab director or the individual professor.
Bibliography Listing of Works by the Same Author
Brueggemann, Walter. Abiding Astonishment. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991.
______. Interpreting the Psalms. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1992.
Bibliography listing by the same author may be listed by the date of publication or
alphabetically, but be consistent. Alphabetically is preferred.
FOOTNOTES
Footnotes must be used in all papers. Note well: Do not use endnotes! The following are
examples of the most commonly used sources. Keep in mind that a footnote reference might
require the use of one or more of these examples. For example, you might have a book in a
series that happens to be a second edition. It is acceptable for the footnotes to be a smaller
font than the text of the paper.
ONE AUTHOR
¹F. F. Bruce, Jesus and Christian Origins outside the New Testament (Grand Rapids:
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1974), 22.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page
number.
TWO OR THREE AUTHORS
¹Hans-Gebhard Bethge, Stephen J. Patterson, and James M. Robinson, The Fifth Gospel:
The Gospel of Thomas Comes of Age (Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 1998), 223.
First Author’s First and Last Name, Second Author’s First and Last Name, and Third
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
7
FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS
¹Eisendrath, Maurice N., et al., Religion and the University (Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 1964), 33.
First Author’s First and Last Name, et al., Title of the Book (City: Publisher,
Copyright Date), page number.
NO AUTHOR GIVEN
¹Orthodox Spirituality : An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition
(Crestwood: Saint Vladimir’s Seminary Press, [1978]), 24-25.
Title of the Book (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
INSTITUTION, ASSOCIATION, OR THE LIKE AS “AUTHOR”
¹The Jesus Seminar, The Complete Gospels, ed. Robert J. Miller (San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1992), 25.
Institutions Name as Author, Title of the Book, ed. Editor’s Full Name (City: Publisher,
Copyright Date), page number.
SERIES (books which belong to a set of many books- not including commentaries)
¹H. Norman Wright, Self-talk, Imagery, and Prayer in Counseling, Resources for
Christian Counseling, ed. Gary R. Collins (Dallas: Word Publishing, 1986), 34.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book, Title of the Series, ed. Editor’s Full
Name (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
COMMENTARY SERIES (Any commentary with one author, including: Word Biblical Commentary, NIV
Application Commentary, Interpretation, Smyth and Helwys Bible Commentary, etc.)
¹James D. G. Dunn, Romans 1-8, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 38A, eds. Glenn W.
Barker and David A. Hubbard (Dallas: Word Books, 1988), 246.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book, Title of the Commentary Series, vol.
number, eds. Both Editors Full Name (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
WORKS CITING WORKS(Definition: When one author quotes another author. For example, if
Eugene Peterson quotes Stanley Grenz then use this format. )
With Publication Information:
¹Walter Brueggemann, Abiding Astonishment (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press,
1991), 22 quoted in Praise and Lament in the Psalms, by Claus Westermann (Atlanta: John
Knox Press, 1981), 34.
Author’s First and Last Name of Book being Referenced, Title of the Book Referenced
(City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number quoted in Title of the Book Referencing, by
Author’s Full Name of Book Referencing (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
8
Without Publication Information (Church Fathers and Creeds):
¹John Chrysostom, Homilies on Genesis, quoted in Genesis 1-11, Ancient Christian
Commentary on Scripture, ed. Andrew Louth (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 29.
Author’s First and Last Name of Book being Referenced, Title of the Book Referenced,
quoted in Title of the Book Referencing, by Editor’s Full Name of Book Referencing (City:
Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
BOOK COMPOSED OF CHAPTERS/ARTICLES BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS
¹Warren S. Benson, “Philosophical Foundations of Christian Education,” Introducing
Christian Education: Foundations for the Twenty-first Century, ed. Michael J. Anthony (Grand
Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001), 68.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Chapter/Article within the Book,” Title of the
Book, ed. Editor’s Full Name (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
ARTICLE IN A MULTI-VOLUME WORK(Any commentary with multiple author/ articles,
including: Interpreter’s Bible, Broadman Bible Commentary, and The Anchor Bible Dictionary)
¹Stanley E. Porter, "Mattathias," The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 4, ed. David Noel
Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 89.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article or Dictionary Entry,” Title of the Book,
vol. number, ed. Editor’s Full Name (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
THE BIBLE
¹The Holy Bible, New Revised Standard Version, The New Oxford Annotated Bible, with
the Apocrypha, Bruce M. Metzger and Roland E. Murphy, eds. (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1991), Genesis 1:1. All Scripture references are taken from this translation unless
otherwise stated.
The Holy Bible, Version of the Bible, The Name of the Bible, eds. Both Full Names of
the Editors (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), Bible Passage. All Scripture references are taken
from this translation unless otherwise stated.
EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST
¹C. W. Brister, Pastoral Care in the Church, 3d ed. (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco,
1992), 89.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book, #d ed. (City: Publisher,
Copyright Date), page number.
TITLE WITHIN A TITLE IN A BOOK
¹Robert Pasnau, Thomas Aquinas on Human Nature: A Philosophical Study of “Summa
Theologiae,” 1a 75-89 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 50.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page
number.
9
ARTICLES (journals, magazines, etc.)
¹Walter Brueggemann, "Biblical Theology Appropriately Postmodern," Biblical Theology
Bulletin 27 (Spring 1997): 22.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book (City: Publisher, Copyright Date), page
number.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume Number. Issue
Number (Date of Publication): page number.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal, Date of Publication,
page number.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal, Date of Publication,
page number.
TITLE WITHIN A TITLE IN AN ARTICLE
¹Martin E. Marty, “All Gnostics Here- The American Religion: The Emergence of the
Post-Christian Nation by Harold Bloom,” The Christian Century 109.18 (May 1992): 548.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume Number. Issue
Number (Date of Publication): page number.
BOOK REVIEW IN A JOURNAL
¹Gilbert L. Bartholomew, review of The Millennial Maze: Sorting out Evangelical
Options, by Stanley Grenz, Homiletics 18.1 (1993): 25.
Author’s First and Last Name, review of The Name of the Book Being Reviewed, by
Author of the Book Being Reviewed, Title of Journal Volume Number. Issue Number (Date of
Publication): page number.
EDITOR’S OWN WORDS(Use this footnote to reference the editor’s own words, such as information
written to preface or introduction another author’s work)
¹Hugh T. Kerr, ed., Readings in Christian Thought (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1990),
33.
Editor’s First and Last Name, ed., Title of the Book (City: Publisher, Copyright Date),
page number.
TRANSLATED WORKS
¹Hermann Gunkel, Genesis, trans. Mark E. Biddle (Macon: Mercer University Press,
1997), 23.
Author’s First and Last Name, Title of the Book, trans. Translator’s Full Name (City:
Publisher, Copyright Date), page number.
10
SPEECH
¹Eulogy of Charles V in Latin, apparently written at the monastery of St. Just, Spain, [ca.
1500], Special Collections, Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago, Chicago.
Title of the Speech in the original language of the speech, where the speech was given,
date the speech was given, where the speech is kept, city.
PUBLISHED MUSICAL SCORE/HYMNAL
¹Martin Luther, “A Mighty Fortress is our God,” The Baptist Hymnal, English version by
Frederic H. Hedge, ed. Wesley L. Forbis (Nashville: Convention Press, 1991), 8.
Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Music Piece,” Title of Work, English version by
Translator’s Full Name, ed. Editor’s Full Name (City: Publisher, Copyright), page number.
VIDEO RECORDINGS
¹Bonhoeffer: Agent of Grace, prod. D. Judson, K. Krause, R. Nielsen, G. Pfändner, K.
Rittig, C. Stehr and A. Thies, dir. Eric Till, 90 min., Gateway Films, 1999, videocassette.
Name of Video Recording, prod. Producer’s Name, dir. Director’s name, Length of the
Film, Production Company, Date of Production, type of recording.
PUBLISHED INTERVIEW (Published in a Journal)
¹N. T. Wright, “A Reformation and Revival Journal Interview with N. T. Wright,”
interview by Travis Tamerius, Reformation and Revival 11.1 (Winter 2002): 119.
Interviewee’s Full Name. “Title of Interview,” interview by Interviewer’s Full name,
Title of Journal Volume Number. Issue Number (Date of Publication): page number.
PERSONAL INTERVIEW (Unpublished Interview by Writer of Paper)
¹Dr. Carolyn Ratcliffe of Wayland Baptist University, interview by author, 23 September
2005, Plainview, personal interview, Wayland Baptist University, Plainview.
Interviewee’s Full Name and place of employment, interview by author, date of
interview, City of interview, type of interview, location of interview, city of location.
BOOK FROM THE INTERNET
¹George Smith, Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary [book on-line],
transcribed and edited by Harry Platinga (Grand Rapids: Christian Classics Ethereal Library,
1999, accessed 16 September 2002), available from http://www.ccel.org/s/smith_
geocareycarey.htm, Internet.
Author’s Full Name, Title of the Book [book on-line], transcribed and edited by Editor’s
Name (City: Publisher, Copyright Date, accessed date accessed), available from internet site,
Internet.
11
ARTICLE FROM THE INTERNET
¹Pamela Scalise, "Prisoners of Hope--A Study in the Minor Prophets: Zechariah,"
Decision, November 2002 [journal on-line], available from http://www.billygraham.org /art
icle.aspi=262&s=103, Internet, accessed 3 March 2003.
Author’s Full Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal, Date of Publication [journal online], available from internet site, Internet, accessed date of access.
WEB SITE
¹Ben Witherington, “Long Suffering Job-the Man and his Manuscript,” [online lecture],
available from http:// www.benwitherington.com/PersonalWorks.htm #LongSuffering, Internet,
accessed 19 January 2006.
Author’s Full Name, “Title of Internet Page/Article,” [online type], available from
internet site, Internet, accessed date of access.
Footnotes for Electronic Documents
Citations of electronic documents can follow the same general form as citations of printed
materials. The same basic information is needed: author and title of the particular item; name and
description of the source cited, whether CD-ROM, some other physical form, or an on-line
source; city of publication, if any; publisher or vendor (or both); date of publication or access (or
both); and identifying numbers or pathway needed for access to the material.
Citations of material previously issued in print should include the same information and use the
same style as any references to books and periodicals, as well as providing the additional
information necessary to locate the electronic version. Be sure to include the website.
Only ONE internet source can be used in a student's paper. Subsequent internet sources must
be approved by the professor. Do not allow the web address to be hyperlinked (i.e. the web
address should not be blue or underlined).
Footnote Placement
Footnotes begin one line below the last line of the text. A line two inches in length should
separate the text of the paper and the footnotes. Indent 5 or 8 spaces (or one tab) before
beginning the note. The note must be indented the same as the paragraph. Note: paragraphs
may be indented 5 or 8 spaces. Be consistent.
____________________________________
¹Walter Brueggemann, Abiding Astonishment (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press,
1991), 23.
12
Footnote Listing
¹Walter Brueggemann, Abiding Astonishment (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press,
1991), 78. (The first reference to Brueggemann—full citing needed)
²Clause Westermann, Praise and Lament in the Psalms (Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1981),
89. (The first reference to Westermann—full citing needed)
³Ibid., 79. (Second reference to Westermann immediately following the first
reference) (It is not permissible to use more than two “Ibid.” citations in a row. If an
“Ibid.” reference is from the same page as the previous footnote, just write “Ibid.” No page
reference needed.)
67. (Second reference to Brueggemann not immediately following the
first—only partial citing needed. Please note: If there is more than one publication used by
an author you need to cite using the last name of the author, the name of his work, and the
page number [e.g. Brueggemann, Abiding Astonishments, 67].)
4Brueggemann,
13
Document Setup
General Comments
1) LENGTH- The length of papers does not include the cover page, table of contents,
appendices, or bibliography.
2) FONT- The paper must be double spaced using Times New Roman, 10 or 12 point font. Be
consistent. Word 2007 does not use Times New Roman as its default; you will need to change
the font in the body of the paper, the footnotes, and the page numbers.
3) MARGINS- The margins are 1" top, 1" right, 1" bottom, and 1 1/2" left (all pages). Do this
by going to “Page Layout,” “Margins,” “Custom Margins,” and adjust
4) TITLE- On the first page, place the title 1" from the top, skip 2 single spaces, type
Introduction, skip 1 single spaces and begin your introductory paragraph.
5) PAGE NUMBERS- Number the first page of the paper body with a "1" at the bottom,
center of the page. All other pages are numbered at the top, right-handed corner. To do this go to
“INSERT,” “PAGE NUMBER,” “TOP OF PAGE.” Now select the 3rd option down, “PLAIN
NUMBER 3” (page number in the top right corner). Check the box under the “DESIGN” tab
called “DIFFERENT FIRST PAGE.” Click on the Footer of the first page and type a "1" in the
bottom center. Another option is to double-click in the header or footer area of the document and
then make the necessary changes under the “DESIGN” tab that will appear on the ribbon. Do not
use page breaks.
The easiest way I know to keep the numbering straight is to break it up into four documents:
COVER PAGE, TABLE OF CONTENTS, BODY OF PAPER, and BIBLIOGRAPHY.
NOTE FOR ONLINE STUDENTS HAVING TO SUBMIT ALL PARTS AS ONE
DOCUMENT: After you have made your Cover Page using the online template, go to the
bottom of the Cover Page (click at the end of the last line), click on “PAGE LAYOUT” on the
top ribbon, then click “BREAKS,” and finally, select “NEXT PAGE” (the first option under
“SECTION BREAKS.”
Next, you have your Table of Contents, adapted from the online template. Follow the same
process for inserting a NEXT PAGE SECTION BREAK at the bottom of the Table of Contents.
Make sure “LINK TO PREVIOUS” is not selected under “DESIGN,” “NAVIGATION.” The
Table of Contents needs an “i” at the bottom center. You may simply double click at the bottom
of the page and type i, making sure it is centered and in Times New Roman, 10 or 12 font
(depending on the font for the rest of the paper), or you may follow the instructions above
regarding inserting page numbers.
For the Paper Body, use the same process for inserting a NEXT PAGE SECTION BREAK at the
end of your last page of Paper Body text. Then, use the Page Number instructions above for
formatting the Paper Body (you should have a “1” at the bottom center Footer of the first page of
your Paper Body, and a “2” and all subsequent numbers in the top right corner).
14
Finally, for the Bibliography, use the same process for inserting a Page Number at the bottom
center Footer (If your Bibliography is more than one page long, the second and subsequent page
numbers will need to be at the top right corner; use the same Page Number directions to
accomplish this change, making sure that you check the box under “Design” for “Different First
Page”).
6) PARAGRAPHS- Paragraphs must be indented 5 to 8 spaces from the left margin (or one
tab). The first line of footnotes must match the paragraph indention. Paragraphs should be at
least 5-8 sentences but should not exceed more than a page.
7) INTEGRATION OF SOURCES- The goal of your paper should be to research authors and
combine the information to form a paper, which is an integration of many viewpoints and
opinions. In view of this fact, you cannot have more than two “Ibid.” references in a row
(Ibid. stands for the Latin “Ibidem” and means “at the same place.” It keeps you from using the
author’s name each time in consecutive references to the same source). In order to have an
appropriate amount of your opinion and outside input from other authors, you should have
around 3-5 footnote references per page. The Bible should not be quoted unless it is
absolutely necessary in the flow of your paper (especially in exegetical papers).

FOOTNOTE SET-UP
Footnotes are inserted by using your toolbar (ribbon) as follows:
1. REFERENCES
2. INSERT FOOTNOTE
Your footnotes will automatically be numbered. If you go back in and add or change references
your computer will adjust the footnotes for you. Now, let me warn you, WORD HATES
TURABIAN! One of the biggest problems we have is that the computer programs are trying so
hard to help they end up becoming a real hassle. Do not worry; I will help you with that. We will
address those problems as we go.
NOTE: The default setting for Word 2007 is to place the footnotes at the bottom of the page.
Instead, they need to be below text. To fix this issue, right click on a footnote, go to “NOTE
OPTIONS,” and change the “LOCATION” to “BELOW TEXT” by clicking on the dropdown
bar.
HINT:
Cut and paste from your Footnote page.
The first line of the footnote is tabbed over. The second line and
following are flush with the left margin. THERE SHOULD BE A SPACE
BETWEEN EACH FOOTNOTE ENTRY.
Like this:
15
Line must
be directly
below text
of the
paper!
Using references more than once in a paper:
After you have used the full reference you only have to put the author’s last name and the page
number; unless you are using more than one book by that author. In that case, you put the
author’s last name and the title of the book. If the reference comes from the same book and you
haven’t used another reference between then use “Ibid.” If it is from same book, but another page
use,
“Ibid., 28.” Make sure you have a period (because Ibid. is an abbreviation) and a comma.
Sub-Headings
Your sub-headings should follow what you have on your outline. Therefore, if you are working
on “date,” the sub-heading is “Date.” This heading should be centered and bolded.
TITLE AND SUB-TITLES WITHIN THE PAPER
THE TITLE COMES FIRST AND IS TO BE ALL CAPS
Introduction
The Introduction is next, Centered,
Bold, but not all caps.
First Level: centered heading in boldface (like the Introduction), capitalized headline style:
Jesus' Ministry in Galilee
Second Level: centered heading in text type, capitalized heading style:
Early Teachings of Jesus
Third Level: side-head in boldface, capitalized headline style:
Jesus' Ministry in Jerusalem
Fourth Level: side-head in text type, capitalized sentence style:
16
The Gospel as it Relates to Jesus
NOTE: There should be two single spaces between the end of a section’s text and the next
heading, like this example:
Following is a Sample Paper:
Double Space
Margins
Left: 1 ½ Inches
Right: 1 Inch
Bottom: 1 Inch
¶
¶
WAYLAND BAPTIST UNIVERSITY
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
TITLE OF PAPER
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
PAPER PRESENTED TO
¶
DR. FIRST NAME LAST NAME
¶
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
¶
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
¶
RLGN ####
¶
¶
SCHOOL OF RELIGION
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
BY
¶
YOUR NAME
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
PLAINVIEW, TX
¶
MONTH 20##
No page
number on
cover page
2 spaces
5 spaces
6 spaces
2 spaces
8 spaces
5 spaces
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................
1
II. HEADING TITLE ............................................................................................
2
III. ANOTHER HEADING TITLE ........................................................................
4
Subsection Heading ..........................................................................
4
Another Subsection Heading .............................................................
6
Section
numbers
aligned by
Right
Example: The Dead Sea Scrolls and Evidence for the support
periods and
of the Greek Language ...............................................................................................
8
align the
headings are
Single-space run
10
Subsection Heading ...........................................................................
numbers
Left aligned
*You may have more
heading and indent
Another Heading If You Want ...........................................................
12
section
or less
over lines of a subthree spaces
Last Subsection under Heading ......................................................... 13
sections/subsections.
This page is just an IV. EXAMPLE OF ANOTHER HEADING: USE OF THE APOCRYPHA
example!
IN THE NEW TESTAMENT........................................................................... 14
Single-space run
over lines of a
More Subsection Headings ................................................................
15
Align
section title and
16
Subsection Heading ...........................................................................
period
align with first
More If You Need .............................................................................. 17
letter of the title
Last Subsection Heading.................................................................... 18
Indent secondlevel subheadings
6 spacings
Appendix
numbers
aligned on
periods
V. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 19
APPENDIX ................................................................................................................ 21
You may not
I. Title of First Appendix...................................................................................... 21
have an
Appendix, but
II. Title of Another Appendix ................................................................................
26
here is how it
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................
28
would be set up
Margins
Lefts: 1 ½ Inches
Right: 1 Inch
Notice “i" is used as
i
the page number for
the Contents page
1 Inch
Tab over once or
space 5-8 times
1st Level: Centered boldface,
capitalized headline style
TITLE OF PAPER
¶
2 Spaces
¶
Introduction
Begin typing your introduction paragraph here. Remember that the introduction
paragraph should include your thesis statement. What is a thesis statement? It is a
statement of what your paper is attempting to argue or say. The thesis typically goes in an
1.5 Inch
obvious place, such as at the end of the Introduction. In addition to your thesis statement,
1 Inch
you will want to offer a context for your paper. Answer the question of where your topic
fits in a particular field, say, Old Testament or Church History, and, what contribution
your paper may make to a particular issue or topic related to that field of study. Your
introduction should also offer any limits to your research. In other words, you may need
to explain to your reader that you are not setting out to prove everything, but explain how
your paper is limiting its scope onto a specific question. You will also want to lay out the
steps of how you have organized your argument. The first, second, and third (if
necessary) level subhead titles that you use to introduce each major section of your paper
should mirror your organizational structure in some way. Finally, you will want to give
your reader a brief statement of where your paper will go with regards to your
conclusion. Now you are ready to set up your first major section using a first level
subhead title.
2 Spaces
First Section
Here is where you would begin to discuss the topic indicated by the section heading.
Remember that a typical research paper of this length may use a series of first level
subheads (see the one above) as a way of organizing each major section and the
conclusion. Second level subhead titles (not bolded) are only used if it is necessary to
First page of paper body
1
has “1” at bottom center
Second and subsequent
2
pages have page number
in top right corner
break a major section into two or more smaller sections. Also, remember that while only
a brief paragraph is written in this paper example, your paper will have much more,
because it will be a thoroughly researched topic with many references. Here is an
example of how a reference should appear in a sentence.1 Notice that the number goes
after the punctuation. The same is true if you are using a direct quote, as the number goes
after the quotation marks as well. To insert a footnote, click on the References tab on the
ribbon, and then click on insert footnote (the button has AB1 on it). Do not attempt to
type your footnotes in manually without using this process.
2 Spaces
2nd Level: Centered in
text type, capitalized
heading style
Subsection Heading
Notice a second level subhead is only used if a major section of your paper
requires smaller and more manageable chunks. The major sections of your paper might
constitute the major areas of your research. One common example might be “Old
Testament Background,” where you would offer the Old Testament support for your
thesis. Another example might be “Historical Background” where a survey of some of the
major historical scholarly opinions might be offered. The major sections of your paper
might constitute the major areas of your research. Here is an example of another footnote
reference in the text, “As if this citation were a direct quote.”2 Here, you could expand on
that quote. Here is how a footnote works if it is from a source that you have already given
1
Author First Name and Last Name, Book Title: Book Subtitle If Necessary (City:
Publisher, Year), #.
Basic
book
2
Line must be
directly
Author Name, Book Title, Commentary Series Title, vol. #, ed. Editor(s)’s
Name(s) (City: Publisher, Year), #.
Basic book
below text of
in
the paper.
Right click,
“Note
Options,” and
“Below Text”
entry
Notice that footnotes
are single-spaced, with a
space between entries
commentary
series
3
a full citation; the footnote only has the author’s last name and the page number.3
Additionally, it is important to remember that you should not have just one section or
subsection heading. If you have one heading, you need to have at least two headings,
because if you have only one subsection heading under a section, it is not really a
subsection, is it? It is the actual section. This example shows how a block quote looks in
a paper,
Indent block
quotes 1 tab
or 4 spaces
and singlespace
A block quote is used if you are utilizing a quote that makes up more than three
typed lines in your paper. Block quotes are appropriate for extensive discussions
from an expert in the field that you cannot adequately paraphrase or quote briefly.
Notice that they are indented as their own section and single-spaced. This format
differentiates them from the rest of the text. Make sure you do not rely too heavily
on block quotes. Notice that there are no quotation marks and the reference is at
the end of the quote.4
After a block quote, continue the discussion or expound on the quote with another line
that continues as above: double-spaced and align left.
2 Spaces
Sub-sub Section
3rd Level: Side head in
boldface, italicized, or
underlined, capitalized
Notice that a subsection within a subsection is a heading that is aligned to the left.
Apply the same principles above to these sections. Most importantly, if you have one,
you need to have two, otherwise, it is not really a subsection, but the section itself. Here
is an example of a reference that is from the same source as the immediately previous
one.5 Also, notice that these sub-sub sections are rarer and do not appear in papers as
frequently as section headings and subsection headings.
2 Spaces
4th Level: Side head text type,
capitalized sentence style
3
Last Name, #.
4
Author Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal #. # (Date of Publication): #.
5
Ibid., #.
4
Sub-sub-sub section
This part is a fourth level section and is extremely rare. Apply the same principles above
to this section. It would be filled with information regarding one aspect of the section
Basic
article
heading above. Note that these are just examples for formatting. Thus, take the
entry
appearance of this document and apply it to your own work. For example, your second
major section title would work like the first presented here, and your subsection headings
would look like those patterned here, and so on and so forth. The important issue is to get
the formatting correct while using your research and own writing. Good luck!
2 Spaces
Basic
article
Conclusion
This section is the final one. Discuss your major topics again briefly. Recap the
information. Restate your thesis in another way. Wrap up the paper conclusively and in a
clean fashion.
Margins
Left: 1 ½ inches
Rights: 1 inch
entry
1 inch
Put references in
alphabetical
order
Indent
5
Spaces
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bold and all caps
Crenshaw, Curtis I. and Grover E. Gunn. Dispensationalism: Today, Yesterday, and
Tomorrow. Memphis: Footstool Press, 1989.
Dodd, Brian J. The Problem with Paul. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1996.
Erickson, Millard J. Introducing Christian Doctrine. Edited by L. Arnold Hustad. Grand
Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001.
Glock, Charles Y. and Rodney Stark. Christian Beliefs and Anti-Semitism. New York:
Harper & Row Publishers, 1966.
Grenz, Stanley J. The Millennial Maze: Sorting Out Evangelical Options. Downers
Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1992.
Single
space
each
reference
Use line to
indicate a
repeated
author
(Arrange
Hall, Sydney G. Christian Anti-Semitism and Paul’s Theology. Minneapolis: Fortress,
1993. Quoted in The Problem with Paul. By Brian J. Dodd Downers Grove:
InterVarsity Press, 1996.
Pentecost, J. Dwight. Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology. Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1979.
Ryrie, Charles C. The Basis of Premillennial Faith. Neptune: Loizeaux Brothers, 1953.
Quoted in Dispensationalism: Today, Yesterday, and Tomorrow. By Curtis I.
Crenshaw and Grover E. Gunn. Memphis: Footstool Press, 1989.
_____. Dispensationalism Today. Chicago: Moody Press, 1965.
alphabetically
Schreiner, Thomas R. “Does Romans 9 Teach Individual Election Unto Salvation? Some
Exegetical and Theological Reflections.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological
or by date of
Society 36.1 (March 1993): 25-40.
publication in
descending
Double
space
between
references
Talbert, Charles H. Romans. Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary. Edited by R. Scott
Nash. Macon: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, 2002.
Walvoord, John F. The Church in Prophecy. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982.
Weber, Timothy P. On the Road to Armageddon: How Evangelicals Became Israel’s Best
Friend. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.
Wistrich, Robert S. AntiSemitism: The Longest Hatred. New York: Pantheon Books,
1991.
Witherington, Ben. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2004.
Margins
Page numbers for bibliography are
continuous, but first page is bottom
center; if your bibliography is longer
than one page, then subsequent page
numbers go in top right corner
5
Left: 1 ½ Inches
Right: 1 Inch