Elementary Literacy Methods TED 4570/5570 Spring 2014 COE Mission: We prepare teachers, leaders, and counselors who embrace equity, inquiry and innovation. COE Student Resource Office Office Hours 8:00am-5:00pm M-F Contact education@uccs.edu Phone: 719-255-4996 Fax: 719-255-4110 Professor: Dr. Karen Gibson Office: Phone: 719-304-4893 E-mail: kgibson4@uccs.edu or kagibson30@gmail.com Office Hours: By Appointment Required Textbook: Tompkins, G. (2006). Language arts essentials. (1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall. Tompkins, G. (2012). Teaching writing: Balancing process and product. (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson. Columbine Hall 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway Colorado Springs, CO 80918 http://www.uccs.edu/~coe/ Time: Tuesday: 4:45-7:20 Room: COB 323 Course Format: This course consists of lectures, use of audio and visual media, readings from required text and supplementary texts, classroom discussions, technologymediated interactions, student presentations, and in-class small group activities. Course Overview: The course will provide knowledge and understanding of the standards, goals and objectives of literacy curricula and methods, and of its uses and importance within the classroom setting. 1 Course Expectations: This is a theory and practice course, emphasizing group and individual learning, for the effective instruction, curriculum design, and evaluation of student learning in the elementary grades. The course will provide knowledge and understanding of the standards, goals and objectives of literacy curricula and methods, and of its uses and importance within classroom settings. Teacher candidates will learn about and apply techniques and strategies to create an effective interdisciplinary and multicultural learning environment through integrating curriculum across the content areas. Teacher candidates will also have opportunities to integrate technology into their curriculum design and classroom practices, as well as explore ideas and methods of classroom management. Course Objectives: To meet the objectives, teacher candidates will: 1. Demonstrate knowledge about the cognitive and environmental factors to develop student literacy in reading, writing, speaking, viewing, and listening, including phonological, orthographic, semantic, and syntactic processing. 2. Demonstrate the ability to plan, organize, and implement literacy instruction based on scientific research, ongoing assessment and response to intervention (RTI). 3. Develop phonological and linguistic skills related to reading including phonemic awareness; concepts about print, systematic, explicit phonics (both decoding and spelling); and phonetically irregular exception words. 4. Develop reading comprehension and the promotion of independent reading including comprehension strategies for a variety of genre, interdisciplinary contexts, reading fluency and vocabulary development. 5. Support reading through oral and written language development including (a) development of oral English proficiency in students; (b) development of sound writing practices in students including language usage, punctuation, capitalization, & spelling, (c) relationships among reading, writing, and oral language, (d) vocabulary development, and (e) the structure of standard English. 6. Develop competencies in differentiating instruction and being culturally responsive in order to the meet the needs of diverse learners. 7. Effectively administer a wide variety of both ongoing formal and informal assessments that are developmentally appropriate; responsive to the needs of diverse learners; and inclusive of adopted content standards. 8. Know and be able to assess the READ Act Proficiencies for Kindergarten, 1st, 2nd, 3rd grades, and know how to develop an Individual Literacy Plan (ILP). 9. Utilize Colorado Academic Standards in reading and writing for the improvement of instruction. 10. Evaluate skills of instruction. Model techniques and coach others in the use of instructional methods and accommodations. 2 Accreditation Standards: Professional Associations/State ACEI—Association of Childhood Education International CTQS--Colorado Teaching Quality Standards CDE—Colorado Department of Education Reading Standards CAEP—Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation Technology Competencies: It is expected that students begin our program with foundational technology skills that include digital word processing, digital and online formats (e.g. Blackboard) and using online research databases. Knowledge of the use of technology-supported multimedia, such as PowerPoint and other audio/video resources, is expected. Students who need assistance with building technological skills should speak with their professor to learn about technology resources in the COE and at UCCS. Using your UCCS email account is a requirement of this course due to digital delivery of course content. All students must obtain a UCCS email address and check it regularly (every day) so as not to miss announcements. If your UCCS email address is not your primary one, please have emails from UCCS rerouted to the one you check daily. Attendance, Preparation, and Participation: Students are expected to maintain high standards of ethical and professional conduct. This includes attending class, being adequately prepared, contributing to class discussions both in person and on-line, submitting high caliber work and representing your own work fairly and honestly. As an important member of a classroom community, attendance and punctuality is mandatory. You must actively engage in class and group work to maximize your learning in this course. If you must miss a class, please inform the professor by phone or email prior to class. It is the responsibility of the student to obtain course information that is missed during the absence. Unexcused absences will result in a lower grade. In-class, graded activities cannot be made up and will result in a score of 0 for that class period. Blackboard & TaskStream Competencies: All students in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction are required to use Blackboard to manage the course. This includes the syllabus, course schedule, and assignment criteria (if not detailed in the syllabus). Students need to become familiar with document sharing, assignment dropbox, and the grade book. You will also be asked to download and print documents for use during the course. Blackboard will be used for all on-line portions of this class. Professional Behavior: Professional behavior is necessary for you to be a successful member of a learning community. Please monitor your participation in class discussions and group work and find ways to contribute intelligently to the discussion without silencing others. All written assignments must be computer generated unless otherwise indicated by the professor. 3 Professional behavior will be expected in your future teaching/counseling career and is often the hallmark of career success. Diversity Statement: The faculty of the College of Education is committed to preparing students to recognize, appreciate, and support diversity in all forms – including ethnic, cultural, religious, gender, economic, sexual orientation and ability – while striving to provide fair and equitable treatment and consideration for all. Any student who believes that he/she has not been treated fairly or equitably for any reason should bring it to the attention of the instructor, Department Chair or the Dean of the College of Education. Accommodations: The College of Education wishes to fully include persons with disabilities in this course. In compliance with section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), UCCS is committed to ensure that “no otherwise qualified individual with a disability … shall, solely by reason of disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity…” If you are a student with a disability and believe you will need accommodations for this class, it is your responsibility to contact and register with the Disabilities Services Office, and provide them with documentation of your disability, so they can determine what accommodations are appropriate for your situation. To avoid any delay in the receipt of accommodations, you should contact the Disability Services Office as soon as possible. Please note that accommodations are not retroactive and disability accommodations cannot be provided until a “Faculty Accommodation Letter” from the Disability Services office has been given to the professor by the student. Please contact Disability Services for more information about receiving accommodations at Main Hall room 105, 719-255-3354 or dservice@uccs.edu . Military Students: Military students who have the potential to participate in military activities including training and deployment should consult with faculty prior to registration for any course, but no later than the end of the first week of classes. At this time, the student should provide the instructor with a schedule of planned absences, preferably signed by the student's commander, in order to allow the instructor to evaluate and advise the student on the possible impact of the absences. In this course, the instructor will consider absences due to participation in verified military activities to be excused absences, on par with those due to other unavoidable circumstances such as illness. If, however, it appears that military obligations will prevent adequate attendance or performance in the course, the instructor may advise the student to register for the course at another time, when she/he is more likely to be successful. Student Appeals: Students enrolled in programs or courses in the College of Education may access the COE Appeal/Exception Form at: http://www.uccs.edu/Documents/coe/studentresources/AppealsForm2009.pdf. This form is to be used for an appeal when a student is: 4 (1) denied admission to professional education program (2) denied permission to student teach or complete professional internship (3) removed from a professional education program or internship (4) denied permission to graduate due to missing requirements (5) requesting an exception to specific policies, procedures, or requirements (6) requesting a grade change This form is not to be used for requests to take classes out of sequence or to take a class without the proper prerequisites. Such requests should be initiated with the department chair. UCCS Student Code of Conduct: The purpose of the Student Code of Conduct is to maintain the general welfare of the university community. The university strives to make the campus community a place of study, work, and residence where people are treated, and treat one another, with respect and courtesy. http://www.uccs.edu/~oja/student-conduct/student-code-of-conduct.html UCCS Student Rights and Responsibilities: http://www.uccs.edu/orientation/student-rights-and-responsibilities.html UCCS Academic Ethics Code: http://www.uccs.edu/Documents/vcaf/200-019%20StudentAcademic%20Ethics.pdf Course Supplies: (bring to class each week) • Markers/crayons • Scissors • Glue Stick • 2 pocket folder filled with notebook paper (for use as a journal) • Dividers for folder 5 Overview Week Date Topic 1 1/21/14 Introduction of Course Language Arts Essentials Chapters Teaching Writing Chapters *Read Aloud Paper Due 1 week after class read aloud (on-going) (FACE TO FACE) 2 1/28/14 (FACE TO FACE) 3 4 2/4/14 on-line 2/11/14 (FACE TO FACE) 5 6 2/18/14 on-line 2/25/14 (FACE TO FACE) 7 8 3/4/14 on-line 3/11/14 (FACE TO FACE) 9 Sp. Brk 10 3/18/14 on-line 3/25/14 4/1/14 (FACE TO FACE) 11 12 4/8/14 on-line 4/15/14 (FACE TO FACE) 13 14 4/22/14 on-line 4/29/14 (FACE TO FACE) 15 5/6/14 Teaching LA Today Writing Process Responses from Previous Week’s Reading Listening Developing Strategic Writers Responses from Previous Week’s Reading Talking Writer’s Craft Responses from Previous Week’s Reading Reading Assessing Writing Personal Writing Responses from Previous Week’s Reading Reading Poetry and Descriptive Writing Responses from Previous Week’s Reading Language Tools Narrative Writing Biographical Writing Responses from Previous Week’s Reading Expository Writing Persuasive Writing Writing Across the Curriculum FINAL EXAM (FACE TO FACE) 16 5/13/14 (FACE TO FACE) Assignments Due 1 1 Blog #1 2 2 Blog #2 3 3 Blog #3 4 4, 5 Writing Lesson Plan Blog #4 Midterm Exam 4 6, 7 Mini-Lessons Blog #5 6 8, 10 Guided Reading Blog #6 9, 11, 12 Personal Narrative Literacy Portfolio Journal Pick Up Final Exam Projects Assignments (Graded Activities): It is important for teachers who are responsible for teaching students to read and write to be able to write well themselves. You will be role models for your students, and they and their families will expect all communications from you to be accurate. As a teacher 6 candidate, you are expected to demonstrate high proficiency in all oral and written work. Therefore, all of your assignments should reflect the high standard of excellence in literacy expected of future teachers. Written assignments, including drafts for review, must be typewritten / word-processed, and conform to the APA Style Manual. The exception is the project requiring the spelling test and writing sample by students at the partner school, and the individual reading assessment that is coded and scored by the teacher candidate When turning in assignments, please include a cover page with the title of the assignment, class and section number, as well as your name. Staple in the upper left-hand corner. TED 4570/5570 ASSIGNMENT OVERVIEW ✔ ASSIGNMENT DUE DATE EXPLANATION POINTS Reflective Teaching Blog Weeks Syllabus 120 (20 points for each post and 20 3,5,7,9,11,13 Pages 7-8, 26 points for that week’s comments) Interactive Read Aloud Project On-going Syllabus 100 Paper Due Pages 8, 27-28 Week after Presentation On-line activities Ongoing Syllabus 120 (20 points per session) Page 10 Mini Lesson Project Week 10 Syllabus 100 Pages 9, 31 Guided Reading Project Week 12 Syllabus 100 Pages 10, 29 Midterm Examination Week 9 Syllabus 90 Page 10 Writing Lesson Plan Week 8 Syllabus 100 Pages 10, 32 Personal Writing Journal & Week 15 Syllabus 100 Personal Narrative Week 14 Pages 10, 33 Literacy Portfolio Week 15 Syllabus 80 Pages 12, 30 Final Examination Week 15 Syllabus 90 Page 11 1,000 Student Assignments: Reflective Teaching Blog (120 points) You will create one blog post every two weeks, beginning week 3 in the semester for a total of six blog posts during the semester. Each post will capture some of the important experiences you have in the classroom at your site school. SPECIFICALLY, write about a strategy that we have studied in class that you have observed in the classroom at your site school. Describe the strategy, analyze 7 how you saw it used in the classroom, and evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy. The purpose of the blog is to have a record of your journey, the insights you gain, and the connections you make between what you experience in your work with children with what you are learning at UCCS in this methods class. In addition, you can discuss personal experiences and insights you are gaining from your students, but the majority of the post should be a connection between what you are learning in class and what you are seeing at your site school. Each teacher candidate will blog comments to each of the other class members. Submit in Blackboard. Six entries--10 points for each entry and 40 points for your thoughtful responses to you classmates. Interactive Read Aloud Project (100 points) A. Using the Interactive Read Aloud Strategy discussed on pages 49- 52 of Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins, 2006) read an appropriate picture book aloud to students in site school classroom. (See criteria and rubric.) B. Read the same book to the TED 4570 class and explain before you begin what age/grade level your Interactive Read Aloud is designed for. This should last no longer than 10 minutes. You will probably only read part of the book for this class because of the time limit, but be sure that you include the steps listed in the chart on page 49 of Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins, 2006). C. Focus on culturally responsive teaching and learning (culture, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, gender, exceptionalities, and/or language of the students) when selecting the book. Try to choose a newer book that many of your classmates might not have seen or read. Fellow classmates and professor will evaluate your Interactive Read Aloud using the attached rubric and provide you with copies to consider. D. Write a 2 to 3 page (no longer) double-spaced paper in Microsoft Word, in 12point font. Briefly describe the rationale for selecting the book considering grade or age level/s and diversity of the students who you might want to later read this book to. Discuss how you previewed the book preparing stopping points to discuss vocabulary and important concepts. Explain how you activated student’s back-ground knowledge, and set a clear purpose for listening. Discuss your afterreading activities and how the students reacted. Be sure to cite the book chosen in APA format. The paper should include a self-assessment of the processes including a compilation of the student evaluations and what you learned from them. Reflect on the process, including the lessons you learned, teachable moments, and things you will change the next time you read aloud. (This will comprise the final paragraphs of your paper.) Submit a copy to the instructor the week following the presentation. (Sign up for read aloud presentations will begin the second week of the semester.) E. Submit a paper copy to professor and a copy on Blackboard. 8 Mini Lesson Project: (*Core Assignment) (100 points) Using Mini-Lessons in the classroom is an effective part of teaching. You will write Mini-Lessons using the format described in Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins, 2006). 1. Introduce the Topic 2. Share Examples 3. Provide Information 4. Supervise Practice 5. Assess Learning You will write four mini lessons chosen from the Language Arts categories listed below. You will use strategies that will be appropriate for struggling readers/writers. Ideally, you will teach them to the students in your Site school classroom. • Listening • Writing • Spelling • Talking • Grammar • Capitalization • Reading • Vocabulary • Punctuation You will share your4 mini lessons electronically with your classmates so that everyone in the class has a rich portfolio of mini-lessons to use in their own teaching. Submit a paper copy of all mini lessons to professor and upload to Blackboard. 9 Writing Lesson Plans: (100 points) Using the appropriate lesson plan format, you will create a detailed lesson plan that is appropriate for struggling readers/writers. If your supervising teacher allows, you might present this in the classroom where you are observing. Personal Writing Journal and Personal Narrative: (100 points) We will engage in a writing workshop in TED 4570. Various writing prompts and exercises will be given during class sessions and on-line. Students will be required to keep all of their writing in a journal that will be graded at the end of the semester. The Journal will also include one PERSONAL NARRATIVE that will be created in a Writing Workshop setting. A final copy of the personal narrative will be turned in with a Wordprocessed format. On-Line Activities: (120 points) On the weeks that we have on-line classes, there will be a variety of assignments and responses. These activities will be worth 20 points per on-line session for a total of 120 points. Guided Reading Project-- Lesson Plan to Be Taught to a small group of students (100 points) You will develop a guided reading lesson plan for this course. The lesson will consist of a small group (4-6 students) guided reading lesson that will include the following: • Copies of a book for each child that can be read with 90-94% accuracy • Introduction of book by teacher • Students reading independently • Students responding to the book, as in a grand conversation • Concepts taught by teacher such as phonics skills, comprehension strategies, review of vocabulary words, or examination of story structure. • Additional time for independent reading. In consultation with your clinical teacher, find a convenient time to choose a small group of students with similar reading abilities to whom you will teach your lesson. After presenting the lesson at your site school, you will write a reflection (Commentary) paper in which you will critically analyze your teaching, your planning, and your students’ performance. Midterm Examination (90 points) A midterm test will encompass the concepts and learning from the texts, class lectures, and other course presentations. Literacy Portfolio (*Core Assignment) (80 points) Throughout the semester you will implement and observe the components of a comprehensive language arts program in your clinical experience. Keep all evaluated projects in a Literacy Portfolio. You will either keep a notebook or a digital portfolio. Your notebook will have the sections listed below. Feel free to include other Language Arts artifacts that you want to remember from your site school experience. • • • • • • • • • TED 4570/5570 Graded Papers and Projects Handouts from TED 4570/5570 In class quizzes and projects Language Arts Lesson Plans A list of mentor texts (picture books) that you can use for instruction. The list should contain title/author/skill or strategy taught A list of picture books for children with special needs Language Arts Mini Lessons Personal Writing Journal Anything pertaining to Language Arts that you observe in your site school classroom Think of the portfolio as a Scrapbook of your Literacy Learning. This will also be something that you will take with you when you begin your teaching career. Final Examination: (90 points) The final comprehensive examination will encompass the concepts from the course, and an application of these concepts. Resubmission of assignments may occur only if the original assigned grade falls below the B- level. The highest possible assigned grade for significantly improved work will be a B-. This policy is consistent among and between all methods faculty in the Teacher Education Program at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Grading and Evaluation: Grades will be based on the quality of your projects, timely completion of the written assignments, in class projects, quizzes, and participation in both in class and on-line discussions and the activities. In consideration of the written assignments and the projects, the mechanics of writing including spelling, punctuation and grammar WILL affect your grade. Before you submit anything as a final draft, be sure that it is final. Be sure to proofread, spell check, edit, check for logic and readability, grammar, etc. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association will be used to guide your mechanics. (It is sold in the bookstore, and is available in the library.) Concise prose, clarity of ideas and creative synthesis of the concepts will be expected. All work, unless otherwise indicated, must be typed in 12 point font, double spaced and on time. All papers should include a title page. Late assignments will be penalized 5% for each day past due, including weekends. No papers will be accepted after scored papers are returned in class. 11 Each assignment will be awarded points based on criteria, which fit the nature of the task. The instructor will do grading, with peer and self-evaluation occurring at certain points in the course. Grade points for this course are weighted as follows: Reflective Teaching Blog & Responses Read Aloud Project & Reflection Paper On-line Activities Guided Reading Project & Reflection (Commentary) Paper Midterm Examination Literacy Portfolio Mini Lesson Project Writing Lesson Plan Personal Writing Journal & Personal Narrative Final Examination TOTAL Criteria for Grading: 940-1,000 A 94-100% 900-939 A90-93% 870-899 B+ 87-89% 840-869 B 84-86% 800-839 B80-83% 770-799 C+ 77-79% 740-769 C 74-76% 700-739 C70-73% 670-699 D+ 67-69% 640-669 D 64-66% 600-639 D60-63% 599-0 F 59% or below 12 120 100 120 100 90 80 100 100 100 90 1000 Alignment of Course Objectives, Standards, and Conceptual Framework ACEI—Association of Childhood Education International CTQS—Colorado Teaching Quality Standards CDE—Colorado Department of Education Reading Standards CAEP—Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation Course Objective Assignment, ACEI CTQS CAEP Activity, or Required Reading(s) Demonstrate knowledge Readings: about the cognitive and Language Arts 1.0 1,2,3,4,6 1,3 environmental factors to Essentials 2.1 develop student literacy in (Tompkins) 3.5 reading, writing, speaking, 4.0 viewing, and listening, Activities: 5.1 including phonological, In class activities orthographic, semantic, and discussion and syntactic processing. Assignments: Guided Reading Project, Reflective Teaching Blog Demonstrate the ability to Readings: 1.0 1,2,3 1,2,3 plan, organize, and Language Arts 2.1 implement literacy Essentials 3.1 instruction based on (Tompkins) 3.4 scientific research, ongoing 4.0 assessment and response to intervention (RTI). Activities: In class activities and discussion Develop reading comprehension and the promotion of independent reading including comprehension strategies for a variety of genre, interdisciplinary contexts, reading fluency and Assignments: Guided Reading Project, Mini Lesson Project Readings: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Activities: In class activities 13 1.0 2.1 3.3 4.0 1,2,3,6 1 vocabulary development and discussion Assignments: Guided Reading Project, Read Aloud Project Support reading through oral and written language development including (a) development of oral English proficiency in students; (b) development of sound writing practices in students including language usage, punctuation, capitalization, & spelling, (c) relationships among reading, writing, and oral language, (d) vocabulary development, and (e) the structure of standard English. Readings: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Develop competencies in differentiating instruction and being culturally responsive in order to the meet the needs of diverse learners. Readings: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) 1.0 2.1 3.1 3.3 4.0 5.1 1,3 1,3 3.1 3.2 4.0 3 3 2.1 3.2 4.0 1,2,3,6 1,2 Activities: In class activities and discussion Assignments: Personal Writing Journal, Read Aloud Evaluations, Writing Lesson Plans Activities: In class activities and discussion Effectively administer a wide variety of both ongoing formal and informal assessments that are developmentally appropriate; responsive to the needs of diverse learners; and inclusive of adopted content standards. Readings: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Activities: In class activities 14 and discussion Know and be able to assess the READ Act Proficiencies for Kindergarten, 1st, 2nd, 3rd grades, and know how to develop an Individual Literacy Plan (ILP). Assignments: Mini Lesson Project, Guided Reading Project Readings: 2.1 READ Website 4.0 http://www.cde.s tate.co.us/colora doliteracy/Read Act/index.asp Activities: In class activities and discussion 1,2,3,6 1 1.0 2.1 3.1 4.0 1,3,4,6 1 2.1 5.1 1,2,3,4, 5,6 2 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans, Guided Reading Lesson Plan Utilize Colorado Academic Standards in reading and writing for the improvement of instruction. Readings: CDE Standards Website http://www.cde.s tate.co.us/conten tareas/index.asp Activities: In class activities and discussion Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans, Guided Reading Lesson Plan Evaluate skills of instruction. Model techniques and coach others in the use of instructional methods and accommodations Readings: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing 15 (Tompkins) Activities: In class activities and discussion Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans, Guided Reading Lesson Plans, Literacy Portfolio, Personal Writing Journal, Reflective Teaching Blog 16 Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Self-Paced Phonics (Dow) CDE Standards 5.01 Standard 1: Knowledge of Literacy The teacher shall be knowledgeable about student literacy development in reading, writing, speaking, viewing and listening. The teacher has demonstrated the ability to: Scientifically Bases Reading Research and Comprehensive Literacy Curriculum and Instruction Teacher Candidates will: How competencies are met in TEP 457 A Understand the cognitive processes Textbooks: employed in skillful reading including Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing phonological, orthographic, semantic and Assignments: syntactic processing Guided Reading Project B C D Understand the contributions of both neurobiological and environmental factors to reading and writing success and failure, including genetics, gender, medical history or condition, sociocultural context, family context, educational and instructional history, and language background Textbooks: Differentiate instruction for the learning needs of diverse groups of students, including students with disabilities, students from culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and high-achieving students. Analyze the critical elements of a comprehensive literacy curriculum (including core and supplementary programs) that adhere to research-based principles of instruction. Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Guided Reading Project Read Aloud Project Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Guided Reading Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: 5.01.1 Plan and organize literacy instruction based on ongoing assessment. A B C Understand the purposes of different kinds of assessments (screening, progress monitoring, diagnostic and outcome) Understand the organization of a “multitiered” school wide model for instruction and intervention (universal, targeted, and intensive) and how the process for making educational decisions about grouping, time, intensity and duration of instruction is based on assessed individual response to intervention (RTI) Select, administer and interpret valid and reliable classroom screening and monitoring measures to identify students at risk for reading difficulty and make How competencies are met in TED 557 Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Mini Lesson Project Guided Reading Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing 17 instructional decisions targeted for improved student outcomes. D E Select reading texts appropriate for the identified instructional outcomes (e.g., based on formal and informal assessments, select text with the appropriate language complexity, content and readability for building word reading accuracy and fluency for vocabulary and comprehension. Select, administer, and interpret progress-monitoring, end-of year assessments, student work samples and teacher observations (“body of evidence”) to (1) evaluate students’ progress toward an instructional goal, including goals of the ILP, and (2) determine effectiveness of instruction/intervention and regularly articulate progress to students and parents. Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-9 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project 5.01.2 Develop phonological and linguistic skills related to reading including: a) Phonemic awareness b) Concepts about print c) Systematic, Explicit Phonics d) Other Word Identification Strategies e) Spelling Instruction Phonemic / Phonological Awareness Teacher Candidates will: How competencies are met in TEP 457 A Identify and pronounce the speech sounds Textbooks: of English Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Guided Reading Project B Know the predictive value of phonological Textbooks: awareness in early reading development Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project C Know a systematic, comprehensive scope Textbooks: and sequence, progressing from easy to Class Lectures and Activities: more difficult, for phonemic and Weeks 2-10 phonological awareness instruction based Assignments: on the developmental progression of skills Guided Reading Project for rhyme, syllables, onset-rime and phoneme differentiation. D Understand and apply systematic, explicit Textbooks: instructional techniques for orally teaching Class Lectures and Activities: phonological and phonemic awareness for Weeks 2-10 speech sound identification, matching, Assignments: blending, segmenting, rhyme, syllables, Guided Reading Project onset-rime and phoneme differentiation E Select, use and interpret assessments of Textbooks: phonological and phonemic awareness Class Lectures and Activities: and use them to screen for reading Weeks 2-10 difficulties, monitor progress, and make Assignments: instructional decisions targeted for Guided Reading Project improved student outcomes. Mini Lesson Project 18 Phonics and Word Decoding Teacher Candidates will: F Recognize the development of print concepts in young children: print conveys meaning, printed words are composed of letters, print is read from left to right and top to bottom, spoken words match printed words G Know the predictive value of letter naming fluency in early reading development and why rapid, accurate decoding is an important skill for the development of reading fluency H How competencies are met in TEP 457 Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: Primary Writing Lesson Plan Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Assignments: Guided Reading Project Know a systematic, comprehensive scope and sequence, progressing from easy to more difficult, for teaching the alphabetic principle, phonics (phoneme-grapheme association) and orthographic patterns Textbooks: Understand the terminology and concepts of the various syllable structures (e.g., open, closed, silent-e, vowel team, consonant-le, r-controlled), word families and morphemes (i.e., prefixes, roots, suffixes) in fluent recognition when reading single and multisyllabic grade-level appropriate words. Use a systematic, explicit approach to (1) teach phonics and word analysis in decoding, and (2) apply techniques for teaching automatic recognition of common phonetically irregular (i.e., exception) words in English. Textbooks: K Select, use and interpret phonics surveys, writing samples, and word identification assessments to measure alphabetic knowledge and word decoding skills and use them to screen for reading difficulties, monitor progress, and make instructional decisions targeted for improved student outcomes. Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: L Understand the reciprocal relationship between learning orthographic patterns for reading (i.e., decoding) and spelling (i.e., encoding) Use a systematic, explicit approach to teach orthographic and morphological patterns in spelling Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: Phonemic and Phonological Skills inventory Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: I J M N Select, use and interpret diagnostic spelling inventories (e.g., differences between phonetic and lexical spelling patterns) and use them to screen for spelling difficulties, monitor progress, and make instructional decisions Self-Paced Phonics (Dow) Class Lectures and Activities: Assignments: Mini Lesson Project Self-Paced Phonics (Dow) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: Phonemic and Phonological Skills inventory Textbooks: Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 2-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project 19 5.01.3 Develop reading comprehension and promotion of independent reading including: a) comprehension strategies for a variety of genre b) literary response and analysis c) content area literacy d) student independent reading Reading Comprehension Teacher Candidates will: How competencies are met in TEP 457 A Understand the relationships among listening Textbooks: comprehension, language comprehension and Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) reading comprehension and how they change Class Lectures and Activities: as reading skill develops Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project B Understand the knowledge and processes Textbooks: used in reading comprehension: decoding, Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) word naming speed, inference – making, Class Lectures and Activities: comprehension monitoring, grammatical Weeks 7-10 awareness, background and prior knowledge, Assignments: word meaning knowledge Guided Reading Project C D E F G H Know the factors that influence reading comprehension – the reader, the text, the reading task, the environmental context and the interactions among them Textbooks: Teach research-based reading comprehension strategies (I.e., utilize multiple evidence-based strategies including: summarization, generating questions, metacognitive monitoring, use of graphic organizers, story structure and visualization). Select, use and interpret formal and informal assessments of reading comprehension and use them to make instructional decisions and to plan instructional interventions targeted for improved student outcomes. Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Collaborate with school-based teams to identify, evaluate and select classroom materials that support reading within content area classrooms such as social studies, science, and mathematics Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: All assignments with students in site schools UNDERSTAND, RECALL, AND INTERPRET Teach students to summarize, make inferences, draw conclusions, and interpret complex information in literary, informational, and technical texts. Teach students to follow extended instructions in informational or technical texts, including interpretation, evaluation and use of 20 Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: information in maps, charts, graphs, tables, diagrams, and other graphics in printed or electronic texts. I J K L M N O P Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Teach students to translate information (e.g., from text to graphic or graphic to text) presented in prose, maps, charts, graphs, timelines, tables, and diagrams. Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teach student to recognize explicit or implied relationships among ideas (e.g., cause-effect, sequence, adversative) in texts. Teach the conventions, elements, and text structures associated with (literary texts (e.g., poems, plays, stories, novels) including plot structure, theme, narrator’s point of view, rhyme, meter, stage directions, etc., and (w) informational texts drawn from history, mathematics, science, and other content areas, including author’s purpose or stance, organization plan, etc. ANALYZE, SYNTHESIZE AND EVALUATE Teach students to analyze literary and informational texts to determine (1) text forms, literary elements, and text features related to meaning, and (2) the historical period in which they were written Teach students to analyze and evaluate the ways in which an author’s technique and text organizational structures support or confound meaning or purpose Teach students to compare, contrast, and synthesize information from multiple texts, including electronic texts Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teach students to evaluate complex informational and technical texts, including electronic texts, for their accuracy, clarity, and coherence. Teach students to analyze and critique text to identify an author’s attitudes, viewpoints and beliefs. 21 Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Q R S T U V W X Teach students to read critically and establish a purpose for reading (e.g., to distinguish fact from opinion, explicit information from inferences, make distinctions among texts based on credibility, reliability, consistency, and strengths and limitations of evidence.) Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project ENGAGEMENT, MOTIVATION AND APPRECIATION Know how to encourage students to read Textbooks: independently and to help guide student reading Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) choices. Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Scaffold discussions by asking questions that Textbooks: increase student engagement in interpretation, Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) analysis, and literary response, expand thinking, Class Lectures and Activities: and support affective dimensions of reading Weeks 7-10 comprehension. Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Know how to collaborate with school-based Textbooks: teams and develop parent-school and schoolLanguage Arts Essentials (Tompkins) community support to promote independent Class Lectures and Activities: reading Weeks 7-10 Assignments: All assignments requiring site school participation FLUENCY (THE ABILITY TO READ ORALLY WITH SPEED, ACCURACY, AND PROPER EXPRESSION) National Reading Panel Report, 2000 Identify expectations/norms for fluency as Textbooks: reading skill develops. Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Identify factors that may impact fluency (e.g. Textbooks: word reading skill, vocabulary knowledge, text Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) difficulty, background knowledge, reason for Class Lectures and Activities: reading, type of text.) Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Identify and apply explicit and implicit oral Textbooks: passage reading techniques for providing Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) feedback and increasing reading fluency (e.g., Class Lectures and Activities: increasing time spent reading at independent Weeks 7-10 level; paired reading, echo reading, reading Assignments: while listening). Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Select, use and interpret assessments of Textbooks: reading fluency and use them to screen for Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) reading difficulties, monitor progress and make Class Lectures and Activities: 22 instructional decisions targeted for improved student outcomes. Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project 5.01.4 Support reading through oral and written language development including: a) development of oral English proficiency in students b) development of sound writing practices in student including: language usage, punctuation, capitalization, sentence structure & spelling c) relationships among reading, writing, and oral language d) vocabulary development e) the structure of standard English Oral Language Teacher Candidates will: How competencies are met in TED 457 A Understand how oral and written Textbooks: vocabularies develop in first and second Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) language learners Teaching Writing (Tompkins) B C D E F G Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Primary Writing Lesson Plan Textbooks: Provide support (e.g., informal, non-explicit) for students’ vocabulary and oral language development Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Textbooks: Use research-based approaches for the explicit teaching of word meanings and teach students to use morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to determine word meanings. Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Teach students to use dictionaries and thesauruses (including electronic versions) to determine spelling and meaning of words. Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 13 and 14 Assignments: Primary Lesson Plan Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Teach students to use context to determine or clarify the meanings of unfamiliar or ambiguous words, including idioms and metaphors, and understand the importance of utilizing quality literature in a variety of genre to reinforce and support students’ use of vocabulary. Teach students to determine and distinguish connotative and denotative meanings of words Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 7-10 Assignments: Guided Reading Project Mini Lesson Project Writing Understand and know how to teach students to engage effectively in the writing process— planning, composing, revising, and editing of 23 Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) written products H I J K L M N Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Personal Writing Journal Textbooks: Teach and encourage students to use standard forms of communication (e.g., correct grammar, sentence structure, capitalization, spelling, etc.) Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Personal Writing Journal Textbooks: Teach students how to organize or structure writing effectively (e.g., introductions, wellconstructed paragraphs, conclusions, transitions). Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Personal Writing Journal Textbooks: Teach students to write effective narratives, expository/explanatory pieces, and persuasive texts that develop a central idea with consideration of diverse audiences Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Personal Writing Journal Textbooks: Teach students to adjust their writing for the needs of various audiences and communication contexts(including using appropriate formal, informal, literary, or technical language) Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Personal Writing Journal Textbooks: Teach students how to develop clarity, quality of explanation and expression, descriptiveness, and elaboration when writing Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Analyze children’s writing samples for phonological, orthographic, syntactic, and semantic patterns and plan instruction based on this analysis Teach students how to employ technologies to facilitate their writing and research Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Personal Writing Journal Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: Writing Lesson Plans Textbooks: Language Arts Essentials (Tompkins) Teaching Writing (Tompkins) Class Lectures and Activities: Weeks 1-14 Assignments: 24 Writing Lesson Plans 5.01.5 Utilize Colorado Model Content Standards in reading and writing for the improvement of instruction. A Know the Colorado Model Content Textbooks: Standards and Benchmarks for Reading and http://www.cde.state.co.us/ Writing Class Lectures and Activities: Ongoing Assignments: Guided Reading Project Writing Lesson Plans B Know the progression of underlying skills Textbooks: (i.e., phonemic awareness, phonics, http://www.cde.state.co.us/ vocabulary, language comprehension, Class Lectures and Activities: spelling and writing skills) necessary to Ongoing demonstrate proficiency on the reading and Assignments: writing CSAP tests. Guided Reading Project Writing Lesson Plans C Know and be able to assess the READ Act Textbooks: st nd rd for Kindergarten, 1 , 2 and 3 grades, and http://www.cde.state.co.us/ know how to develop an Individual Literacy Class Lectures and Activities: Plan (ILP). Ongoing Assignments: D Use CSAP assessment frameworks in Textbooks: reading and writing including assessment http://www.cde.state.co.us/ objectives for each grade level to develop Class Lectures and Activities: curriculum that will support reading and Ongoing writing achievement. Assignments: E. Identify and analyze examples of Textbooks: unsatisfactory, partially proficient, proficient, http://www.cde.state.co.us/ and advanced student work at various grade Class Lectures and Activities: levels and the implication for instruction. Ongoing Assignments: 25 TED 4570/5570 Grading Rubric Reflective Teaching Blog Teacher Candidate___________________________________________ 120 possible points Week Total Points _________ Content 3 • 5 • • 7 • • 9 • • 11 • • 13 • • • • Points Points Possible Awarded Effective Classroom Strategy from TED 4570 Observed/analyzed/evaluated for effectiveness (required) Personal Experiences (optional) Effective Classroom Strategy from TED 4570 Observed/analyzed/evaluated for effectiveness (required) Personal Experiences (optional) Effective Classroom Strategy from TED 4570 Observed/analyzed/evaluated for effectiveness (required) Personal Experiences (optional) Effective Classroom Strategy from TED 4570 Observed/analyzed/evaluated for effectiveness (required) Personal Experiences (optional) Effective Classroom Strategy from TED 4570 Observed/analyzed/evaluated for effectiveness (required) Personal Experiences (optional) Effective Classroom Strategy from TED 4570 Observed/analyzed/evaluated for effectiveness (required) Personal Experiences (optional) Thoughtful and insightful comments on classmates blog posts Notes: 26 10 10 10 10 10 10 60 TED 4570/5570 Grading Rubric Interactive Read Aloud Activity & Paper Teacher Candidate __________________________________________ 100 possible points Points _________ READ ALOUD • Was the read-aloud an overall success? 40 points_______ WRITTEN PAPER 60 points_______ • Citation in APA format • Explain why you chose book as a read aloud • Explain the Grade/Age Level the book is appropriate for • Explain how your previewed the book and decided where to pause for vocabulary and other relevant instruction or discussion • Explain how you activated student’s background knowledge, and set a clear purpose for listening. • Explain how you involved students in after-reading activities. • Was the book successful as a read-aloud? • Include pertinent details about reading experience & how other students reacted • Reflect on the input from fellow students and professor on their Read-Aloud Evaluation Form. Give specific examples of input. • Reflect and analyze the total experience (lessons learned/things you will change the next time). • Well-written with few grammatical errors Notes: 27 Read-Aloud Evaluation Form Date:__________ Age/Grade Level________Title of Book:____________________________ TC Evaluated:__________________________________________________ (circle one) 1. Did the presenter give a brief introduction to the read-aloud Y N activating background knowledge, and setting a clear purpose for listening? 2. Was the read-aloud appropriate to the age group intended? Y N 3. Did the presenter consider diversity (ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, gender, exceptionalities, and/or language) when selecting the book to read aloud? Y N 4. Did the presenter seem well prepared by choosing places to pause and engage students with the text? Y N 5. Did the presenter seem to enjoy her/himself during the read aloud? Y N 6. Did the presenter use eye contact with students as he/she read? Y N 7. Did the presenter follow up the read aloud with any after-reading questions/activities? Y N 8. Did the presenter stay within the 10-minute time limit? Y N 9. Did the presenter read loud enough to be heard? Y N 10. Did the presenter use inflection in his/her voice? Y N 11. Circle your rating of the presenter’s skill in reading aloud? Outstanding Very Good Good Fair Poor 12. Please make any comments that you think might be helpful to the reader. (You may also use the back of the sheet): 28 TED 4570/5570 Guided Reading Rubric Due Date: _____________________________________________ Teacher Candidate:___________________________________________________________ 100 possible points Total Points _________________ Activity Create a lesson plan for the Guided Reading Lesson. (See page 88 in Tompkins). Print the lesson plan to turn in with your paper. Teach the Guided Reading Lesson to 4-6 students after consulting with your clinical teacher and deciding which group of students with similar reading abilities would be appropriate to teach. Write a Reflection paper in which you critically analyze your teaching, your planning, and your students’ performance in this Guided Reading Lesson. • How did the students react to the lesson? • Was the lesson appropriate to struggling readers? • What would I change the next time I do this lesson? • Well written with few errors. Notes: 29 AVAILABLE POINTS 50 points 10 40 points EARNED POINTS TED 4570/5570 Literacy Portfolio Rubric NAME_______________________________________________________________________ TOTAL POINTS AWARDED___________________________________________________ COMPONENTS TED 4570/5570 Graded Papers and Projects Possible Points Points Awarded 5 Handouts from TED 4570/5570 10 In-class quizzes and projects 10 Language Arts Lesson Plans A list of mentor texts (picture books) that you can use for instruction. The list should contain title/author/skill or strategy taught 5 10 A list of picture books for children with special needs 10 Language Arts Mini-Lessons 10 Personal Writing Journal 10 Anything pertaining to Language Arts that you observe in your site school classroom 10 TOTAL POSSIBLE 80 30 Comments TED 4570/5570 Mini Lesson Rubric Teacher Candidate_____________________________________ Possible Points Points Awarded Mini Lesson #1 Topic _________________________________________________ • Introduce the Topic (10) • Share Examples (10) • Provide Information (10) • Supervise Practice (10) • Assess Learning (10) Mini Lesson #2 Topic _________________________________________________ • Introduce the Topic (10) • Share Examples (10) • Provide Information (10) • Supervise Practice (10) Assess Learning (10) Mini Lesson #3 Topic _________________________________________________ • Introduce the Topic (10) • Share Examples (10) • Provide Information (10) • Supervise Practice (10) Assess Learning (10) Mini Lesson #4 Topic _________________________________________________ • Introduce the Topic (10) • Share Examples (10) • Provide Information (10) • Supervise Practice (10) Assess Learning (10) TOTAL POINTS 25 25 25 25 100 Notes: 31 TED 4570/5570 Writing Lesson Plan Rubric Teacher Candidate_____________________________________ Level of Lesson Plan: (circle one) Primary Upper Elementary COMPONENTS Basic Information Possible Points Points Awarded 5 Standards & Assessments 5 Instructional Strategies 40 • • • Focus (How did you engage students?) (10) Explain in detail what part of the writing process students were working on (prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publishing) and how you instructed them in the process? (20) Closure: How did you bring the lesson to a close without stopping the writing process? (10) Differentiated Instruction 5 Reflection (Commentary) 40 Well Written with few errors TOTAL POSSIBLE 5 100 32 Comments TED 4570/5570 Personal Writing Journal Rubric Teacher Candidate_____________________________________ Points Possible (100) _________ • Weekly Writing Assignments (50) • Personal Narrative (50) _____________ _____________ Comments: 33 References Airasian, P. (2000). Assessment in the classroom. 2nd Ed. Boston: McGraw Hill. Block, C. (2003). Literacy difficulties: Diagnosis and instruction for reading specialists and classroom teachers. 2nd Ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Cambourne, B. & Turbill, J. (Eds.). (1994). Responsive evaluation: Making valid judgments about student literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Calkins, L. (1994). The art of teaching writing. Ontario, Canada: Irwin Publishing Co. Calkins, L. & Harwayne, S. (1991). Living between the lines. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann. Cooper, J.D., T.G. (2005). Literacy assessment. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Dillon, D. (2000). Reconsidering how to meet the literacy needs of all students. Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association. Gibson, K. (2002). Crash bang boom: Exploring literary devices through children’s literature. Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin: Upstart Books. Gibson, K. & Wise, S. (2008). If you give a teacher a book: Using picture books to teach the traits of writing. Janesville, Wisconsin: Upstart Books. Gonzalez, V., Rusca, R. & Yawkey, T. (1997). Assessment and instruction of linguistically, culturally and diverse students with or at-rick of learning problems: From Research to practice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Laminack, L. & Wadsworth, R. (2006). Reading aloud across the curriculum. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann. Ray, K. (2010). In pictures and in words: Teaching he qualities of good writing through illustration study. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann. Ray, K. (1999). Wondrous words: Writers and writing in the elementary classroom. Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English. Richek, M., Caldwell, J., Jennings, J., and Lerner, J. (2002). Reading problems: Assessment and teaching strategies. 4th Ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Routman, R. (2000). Conversations: Strategies for teaching, learning, and evaluating. Portsmouth: New Hampshire: Heinemann. Spandel, V. (2001). Creating writers through 6-trait writing assessment and instruction. New York: Longman. 34 Spandel, V. (Ed.). (2001). Books, lessons, ideas for teaching the six traits. Wilmington, Massachusetts: Great Source Education Group. Stephens, E. and Brown J. (2000). A handbook of content literacy strategies. Norwood, Massachusetts: Christopher-Gordon Publishers, Inc. Tompkins, G. (2001). 50 literacy strategies: Step by step. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson. Wiesendanger, K. (2001). Strategies for literacy education. New Jersey: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Websites Colorado Department of Education http://www.cde.org University of Iowa Phonetics www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/# Florida Center for Reading Research www.fcrr.org Children of the Code www.childrenofthecode.org Reading Rockets www.readingrockets.org National Right to Read Foundation www.nrrf.org American Library Association http://www.ala.org Teacher Pay Teachers www.teacherspayteachers.com 35