Name:
Period:
Biology Honors
Midterm Review
1. Which life process is indicated by the arrows
in the diagram of an amoeba shown below?
January 2010
6. The transfer of energy from nutrients to ATP
is accomplished most directly by the process of
(1) cyclosis
(3) cellular respiration
(2) diffusion
(4) glucose synthesis
7. If a human system fails to function properly,
what is the most likely result?
(1) a stable rate of metabolism
(2) a disturbance in homeostasis
(3) a change in the method of cellular
respiration
(4) a change in the function of DNA
(1) digestion
(2) excretion
(3) fermentation
(4) transport
2. The life function of transport in an organism
directly involves those activities used to
(1) absorb and distribute materials
(2) obtain and hydrolyze materials
(3) release energy from food
(4) produce cellular waste products
3. An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed
that starch was present at 5:00 p.m. on a
sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf
from the same tomato plant was tested with
iodine at 6:00 a.m. the next morning, the test
indicated that less starch was present. This
reduction in starch content most likely
occurred because starch was
(1) changed directly into proteins
(2) transported out of the leaves through the
guard cells
(3) transported downward toward the roots
through tubes
(4) changed into simple sugars
4. Which process is a form of autotrophic
nutrition?
(1) transport
(3) fermentation
(2) regulation
(4) photosynthesis
5. Small, soluble food molecules are converted to
larger, insoluble molecules by the process of
(1) hydrolysis
(3) synthesis
(2) respiration
(4) fermentation
8. Normally, when the concentration of glucose
in the blood falls below a certain level, stored
glucose reenters the blood until the original
concentration is reached again. This regulation
of the concentration of blood glucose is part of
the process known as
(1) synthesis
(3) pinocytosis
(2) respiration
(4) homeostasis
9. Which statement describes an exception to the
cell theory?
(1) Cells arise from previously existing cells.
(2) The cell is the basic unit of function in
animals.
(3) Viruses are not composed of cells.
(4) The cell is the basic unit of structure in
plants.
10. Viruses are considered an exception to the cell
theory because they normally reproduce
(1) by binary fission
(2) only in a host cell
(3) sexually by forming seeds
(4) asexually by forming spores
11. Which statement best describes one of the
events taking place in the chemical reaction
represented below?
H2O + ATP oATPase ADP + P + energy
(1) Energy is being stored as a result of
aerobic respiration.
(2) Fermentation is taking place, resulting in
the synthesis of ATP.
(3) Energy is being released for metabolic
activities.
(4) Photosynthesis is taking place, resulting in
the storage of energy.
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Biology Honors
12. The diagram below represents some events
that take place in a plant cell.
17. Which organelle contains hereditary factors
and controls most cell activities?
(1) nucleus
(2) cell membrane
(3) vacuole
(4) endoplasmic reticulum
18. The ribosome is an organelle that functions in
the process of
(1) phagocytosis
(3) protein synthesis
(2) pinocytosis
(4) cellular respiration
19. Which cellular organelle is represented by
diagram below?
In which organelle would these events most
likely occur?
(1) mitochondrion
(3) lysosome
(2) chloroplast
(4) centriole
13. The flow of energy through an ecosystem
involves many energy transfers. The diagram
below summarizes the transfer of energy that
eventually powers muscle activity.
The process of cellular respiration is
represented by
(3) arrow C, only
(1) arrow A, only
(4) arrows A, B, and C
(2) arrow B, only
14. What is the net gain in ATP following
completion of aerobic cellular respiration of
one molecule of glucose in a brain cell?
(1) 30
(3) 36
(2) 2
(4) 4
(1) protein
(2) molecules
(3) plasma membrane
(4) cell wall
20. The arrows in the diagrams below represent
the direction of movement of a certain type of
molecule through the cell membrane of two
different cells. The dots represent the relative
concentrations of this molecule.
15. Which substance is needed for aerobic cellular
respiration to occur?
(1) oxygen
(3) nitrogen
(2) carbon dioxide
(4) methane
16. Based on their respiration and nutrition,
humans are usually classified as
(1) aerobic autotrophs
(2) aerobic heterotrophs
(3) anaerobic autotrophs
(4) anaerobic heterotrophs
Which processes are illustrated in the
diagrams?
(1) phagocytosis and diffusion
(2) pinocytosis and osmosis
(3) active transport and diffusion
(4) dehydration synthesis and circulation
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Biology Honors
21. The process in which the net movement of
molecules is from a region of lower
concentration to a region of-higher
concentration is known as
(1) active transport
(3) osmosis
(2) diffusion
(4) passive transport
27. Base your answer to the following question on
the diagrams below which represent two
different cells.
22. After a cookie has been digested, glucose
molecules enter the bloodstream by the
process of
(1) phagocytosis
(3) ingestion
(2) diffusion
(4) pinocytosis
23. A biologist observed a plant cell in a drop of
water and illustrated it as in diagram A. He
added a 10% salt solution to the slide,
observed the cell, and illustrated it as in
diagram B.
Cell II most likely represents a plant cell due
to the presence of
(3) E
(1) A
(2) B
(4) F
28. Which two organisms in the chart below have
chromosomes that are most similar in genetic
composition?
The change in appearance of the cell resulted
from more
(1) salt flowing out of the cell than into the cell
(2) salt flowing into the cell than out of the cell
(3) water flowing into the cell than out of the
cell
(4) water flowing out of the cell than into the
cell
24. Ursus horribilis, the scientific name for the
grizzly bear, refers to the bear's
(1) kingdom and phylum
(2) kingdom and species
(3) genus and phylum
(4) genus and species
25. Which formula represents an organic
compound?
(1) NH3
(2) H2O
(3) NaCl
(4) C12H22O11
26. The body normally responds to low
concentrations of sugar in the blood by
secreting
(1) glucagon
(3) insulin
(2) estrogen
(4) testosterone
(1) A and B
(2) A and D
(3) B and C
(4) C and D
29. A general equation for a chemical reaction is
shown below.
Which substance is represented by letter A?
(1) amylase
(3) protease
(2) lipase
(4) maltase
30. The ability of certain hormones to attach to a
cell is primarily determined by the
(1) receptor molecules in the cell membrane
(2) proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell
(3) amount of DNA in the cell
(4) concentration of salts outside the cell
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Biology Honors
Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the list of three equations below. Select the equation that is most
closely associated with that statement.
31. This equation represents the digestion of a lipid.
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
32. This equation represents a process that results in the formation of amino acids.
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
33. Which word equation represents a type of
fermentation?
(1) glucose o lactic acid + energy
(2) glucose + oxygen o carbon dioxide +
water + energy
(3) starch + water o simple sugars
(4) carbon dioxide + water o glucose +
oxygen + water
34. The removal of carbon dioxide and
nitrogenous wastes from an organism
illustrates the life function known as
(1) regulation
(3) respiration
(2) nutrition
(4) excretion
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Biology Honors
35. Some structural formulas of organic molecules are shown below.
Which structural formulas represent carbohydrate molecules?
(1) 1 and 5
(2) 2 and 4
(3) 3 and 2
(4) 4 and 3
36. The secretion of chemicals that stimulate
responses in specific body tissues is a function
of
(1) the nervous system, only
(2) the endocrine system, only
(3) both the nervous system and the
endocrine system
(4) neither the nervous system nor the
endocrine system
37. Which substances are metabolic waste
products excreted by animals?
(1) oxygen, ammonia, and salts
(2) glucose, urea, and carbon dioxide
(3) uric acid, oxygen, and water
(4) water, urea, and carbon dioxide
38. Regulation of body temperature in humans is
most closely associated with the
(1) production of gametes
(2) evaporation of sweat
(3) absorption of carbon dioxide
(4) production of hydrolytic enzymes
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Biology Honors
39. Base your answer to the following question on
the information and diagram below and on
your knowledge of biology.
A student conducted an investigation on
fermentation. Yeast, molasses, and water
were combined in a fermentation tube and left
for several hours at room temperature. The
results are shown below.
If the fermentation tube had been maintained
at 60ºC instead of at room temperature, the
substance in area X would not have been
produced. Which statement is the best
explanation for this?
(1) ADP molecules are destroyed at 60ºC.
(2) High temperatures denature enzymes.
(3) Molasses turns to starch at 60ºC.
(4) Gases cannot form at high temperatures.
40. In addition to water, the principal components
of urine are
(1) amino acids and fatty acids
(2) urea and salts
(3) ammonia and bile
(4) hydrochloric acid and bases
41. Which disease is linked to smoking and results
in a reduction in the number and elasticity of
alveoli?
(1) emphysema
(3) bronchitis
(2) asthma
(4) meningitis
42. Dissolved nutrients, wastes, and oxygen are
exchanged between the blood and intercellular
fluid through the walls of
(1) arteries
(3) capillaries
(2) veins
(4) ventricles
43. Which indicator should be used to help
identify the building blocks of maltose?
(1) Lugol's iodine
(3) Benedict's solution
(2) pH paper
(4) bromthymol blue
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Biology Honors
44. The diagram below shows how food is processed in an organism.
In animals, letter X most likely represents
(1) digestion
(2) synthesis
45. Which sequence most correctly represents the
network of passageways which normally
permits air to flow from the external
environment to the human lungs?
(1) nasal cavity, bronchioles, trachea,
pharynx, bronchi
(2) nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles
(3) nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, bronchi,
bronchioles
(4) nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles, pharynx,
trachea
46. The diagram below represents part of a
capillary in a specific region of the human
body.
(3) release into the environment
(4) use as a neurotransmitter
48. The diagram below represents several human
blood cells as observed through a compound
microscope.
Which function is associated with cell X?
(1) antibody production
(2) oxygen transport
(3) phagocytosis
(4) peristalsis
49. Human blood types in the ABO blood group are
identified by
(1) a series of enzyme-controlled synthesis
reactions
(2) microscopic examination of white blood
cells
(3) antigen-antibody reactions
(4) clotting factors in the plasma
The region labeled X represents part of
(1) a glomerulus
(3) a villus
(2) an alveolus
(4) the liver
47. Oxygen transport in humans involves the
bonding of oxygen with
(1) white blood cells
(2) platelets
(3) hormones
(4) hemoglobin molecules
50. Which structures secrete chemicals utilized for
the completion of digestion within the small
intestine?
(1) liver and pancreas
(2) glomerulus and villi
(3) esophagus and alveoli
(4) gallbladder and pharynx
51. Which activity normally occurs in the
esophagus of a human?
(1) hydrolysis of protein
(2) process of peristalsis
(3) secretion of amylase
(4) absorption of cellulose
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Biology Honors
52. In humans, most of the final phases of
chemical digestion and the absorption of
nutrients occur in the
(1) liver
(3) large intestine
(2) stomach
(4) small intestine
53. Which process is represented by the diagram
below?
(1) emulsification
(2) excretion
(3) absorption
(4) peristalsis
54. The absorptive surface of the small intestine is
greater than that of other human digestive
organs because of its length and the presence
of
(1) alveoli
(3) villi
(2) neurons
(4) nephrons
55. Two chemical equations are shown below.
What do letters A and B represent?
(1) A – lipase; B – protease
(2) A – protease; B – maltase
(3) A – maltase; B – lipase
(4) A – maltase; B – protease
56. Which term is used to represent all of the
physiological activities carried on by an
organism?
(1) regulation
(3) homeostasis
(2) metabolism
(4) synthesis
57. After a hormone enters the bloodstream, it is
transported throughout the body, but the
hormone affects only certain cells. The reason
only certain cells are affected is that the
membranes of these cells have specific
(1) receptors
(3) antibodies
(2) tissues
(4) carbohydrates
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Biology Honors
58. A process that occurs in the human body is shown in the diagram below.
What would happen if a temperature change caused the shape of the active site to be altered?
(1) The dipeptide would digest faster.
(2) The dipeptide would digest slower or not at all.
(3) The amino acids would combine faster.
(4) The amino acids would combine slower or not at all.
59. The diagram below represents the actions of
two hormones in the human body.
This diagram best illustrates
(1) recombination
(3) insertion
(2) feedback
(4) deletion
60. Feedback mechanisms are best described as
processes that help
(1) reduce hormone levels to below normal in
the blood
(2) destroy hormones in the blood
(3) directly control muscle contraction in the
leg
(4) keep body conditions near a normal,
steady state
61. An organism develops active immunity as a
result of
(1) manufacturing its own antigens
(2) producing antibodies in response to a
vaccination
(3) receiving an injection of antibodies
produced by another organism
(4) receiving an injection of a dilute glucose
solution
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Biology Honors
62. Two views of the same onion epidermal cells, as seen with a compound light microscope, are shown in the
diagram below.
What was most likely done to change the view from A to B?
(1) Lugol's iodine solution was added to the cells.
(2) The 40× objective was switched to the 10× objective.
(3) The 10× objective was switched to the 40× objective.
(4) Salt water was added to the cells.
63. Which response usually occurs after an
individual receives a vaccination for influenza
virus?
(1) Hormones in the blood inhibit reproduction
of the virus.
(2) Antigens from the vaccine deactivate the
virus.
(3) Enzymes released from platelets hydrolyze
the virus.
(4) Antibodies against the virus form in the
blood.
64. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely
gets this disease again. This situation is an
example of
(1) biological control (3) active immunity
(2) negative feedback (4) passive immunity
65. Newborn infants nursing from their mother
receive milk containing antibodies against
diseases to which the mother is immune. The
infants, however, remain immune to those
diseases for only a short time. This situation is
an example of
(1) active immunity
(2) passive immunity
(3) an oral vaccine
(4) a phagocytic activity
66. The chemical that causes the allergic response
during an asthma attack is
(1) estrogen
(3) histamine
(2) acetylcholine
(4) methane
67. An inorganic molecule required by green
plants for the process of photosynthesis is
(1) oxygen
(3) carbon dioxide
(2) starch
(4) glucose
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Biology Honors
Base your answers to questions 68 through 71 on the diagram below, which is a concept map that shows the
relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, and on your knowledge of biology.
68. Which molecule belongs in area A?
(1) deoxyribonucleic acid
(2) adenosine triphosphate
(3) PGAL
(4) C6H12O6
69. In which cell organelle do the reactions that belong in areas B and C occur?
(1) mitochondrion
(3) endoplasmic reticulum
(2) chloroplast
(4) Golgi complex
70. Which molecule belongs in area X?
(1) lactic acid
(2) carbon dioxide
(3) water
(4) oxygen
71. Which molecule belongs in area Y?
(1) water
(2) oxygen
(3) glucose
(4) hydrogen
72. During the preparation of a wet mount of an
Elodea leaf, a student dropped a plastic cover
slip directly on top of the drop of water
containing the specimen on the slide. This
slide preparation technique most probably
(1) caused the cover slip to shatter
(2) crushed the specimen
(3) trapped air bubbles under the cover slip
(4) scratched the surface of the slide
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Biology Honors
73. Which process is best illustrated by the
diagram?
(1) respiration
(2) photosynthesis
(3) transpiration
(4) hydrolysis
74. The diagram below represents part of a life
process in a leaf chloroplast.
Base your answers to questions 76 and 77 on the
diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
The diagram shows cells as seen in the high-power
(400× ) field of view of a compound light
microscope.
76. What is the approximate diameter of cell A in
micrometers?
(1) 1
(3) 150
(2) 100
(4) 250
77. If the microscope is switched to low power
(100×), approximately how many complete
cells the size of cell A could be viewed side by
side across the diameter of the low-power
field of view?
(1) 5
(3) 20
(2) 10
(4) 80
78. Base your answer to the following question on
the diagrams below and on your knowledge of
biology.
If the process illustrated in the diagram is
interrupted by a chemical at point X, there
would be an immediate effect on the release of
(1) chlorophyll
(3) carbon dioxide
(2) nitrogen
(4) oxygen
75. Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by
scientists mainly to
(1) design a research plan for an experiment
(2) test a hypothesis
(3) organize data
(4) predict the independent variable
Which microscope setup would allow a student
to see the largest field?
(3) C
(1) A
(2) B
(4) D
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Biology Honors
79. The diameter of a microscope field under low
power (100×) is 2,000 micrometers. Which
diagram best shows how a paramecium 500
micrometers long would appear under high
power (400×)?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
80. A student conducted an original, well-designed
experiment, carefully following proper
scientific procedure. In order for the
conclusions to become generally accepted, the
experiment must
(1) contain several experimental variables
(2) be repeated to verify the reliability of the
data
(3) support the original hypothesis
(4) be conducted by a scientist
81. Why do scientists consider any hypothesis
valuable?
(1) A hypothesis requires no further
investigation.
(2) A hypothesis may lead to further
investigation even if it is disproved by the
experiment.
(3) A hypothesis requires no further
investigation if it is proved by the
experiment.
(4) A hypothesis can be used to explain a
conclusion even if it is disproved by the
experiment.
82. To test the effect of hormones on plant
growth, six potted plant seedlings of the same
species were measured and then sprayed with
auxin (a growth hormone). After four weeks of
growth under ideal conditions, the plants were
measured again. To set up a proper control
for this experiment, the investigator should
(1) spray the same plants with different
amounts of auxin
(2) spray auxin on six plant seedlings of the
same species and grow them in the dark
for four weeks
(3) wash the auxin off three of the plants after
two weeks
(4) grow another six plant seedlings of the
same species under the same conditions,
spraying them with distilled water only
83. Which statement describes the best procedure
to determine if a vaccine for a disease in a
certain bird species is effective?
(1) Vaccinate 100 birds and expose all 100 to
the disease.
(2) Vaccinate 100 birds and expose only 50 of
them to the disease.
(3) Vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50
other birds, and expose all 100 to the
disease.
(4) Vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50
other birds, and expose only the
vaccinated birds to the disease.
84. One type of anaerobic respiration results in
the production of
(1) water and oxygen
(2) pyruvic acid and glycerol
(3) nitrogen gas and ammonia
(4) alcohol and carbon dioxide
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Biology Honors
85. A student measures his pulse rate while he is watching television and records it. Next, he walks to a friend’s
house nearby and when he arrives, measures and records his pulse rate again. He and his friend then
decide to run to the mall a few blocks away. On arriving at the mall, the student measures and records his
pulse rate once again. Finally, after sitting and talking for a half hour, the student measures and records his
pulse rate for the last time.
Which graph below best illustrates the expected changes in his pulse rate according to the activities
described above?
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
86. An increase in heart rate will most likely result in
(1) a decrease in metabolic rate
(2) an increase in pulse rate
(3) an increase in cell division
(4) a decrease in body temperature
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Biology Honors
87. A student fills a dialysis membrane bag with a
mixture of red dye, yellow dye, and water. He
soaks the bag in pure water for 24 hours and
then observes that the water outside the bag
turns yellow. Which statement best explains
the results of this experiment?
(1) Water diffused into the membrane bag.
(2) The dialysis membrane actively
transported yellow dye molecules.
(3) Only red dye diffused through the
membrane.
(4) The yellow dye molecules are smaller than
the red dye molecules
88. The presence of lactic acid in the cells of an
animal's muscle tissue is an indication that the
(1) animal is not adapted to the use of glucose
(2) number of mitochondria in the muscle cells
has increased
(3) animal carries on a complex form of
respiration during daylight hours
(4) muscle cells have been active during a
period of oxygen deficiency
89. Base your answer to the following question on
the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
The process represented in the diagram best
illustrates
(1) cellular communication
(2) muscle contraction
(3) extraction of energy from nutrients
(4) waste disposal
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Biology Honors
90. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
You are the head of the research division of the Leafy Lettuce Company. Your company is
experimenting with growing lettuce using hydroponic technology. Hydroponic technology involves
growing plants in containers of growth solution in a greenhouse. No soil is used. The growth solution
that the company uses contains water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The company wants to know if
adding iron to this formula will improve lettuce growth.
Briefly describe how to test the effect of the formula with iron added. In your description, be sure to:
•
•
•
•
state a hypothesis to be tested in the new experiment
state how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group
identify two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control groups
state what type of data should be collected to support or refute the hypothesis
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