Presented to you by:
Binwang Liu
Christine Hazel
Morgan Allen
Wenting Tang
 Perception
- the process through which
people receive and interpret information
from the environment
 Four types of Perceptual Distortion:




Stereotypes
Halo effects
Selective perception
Projection
Human’s tend to make judgments of a
particular person based on attributes
commonly associated with a group
With this being said, lets kick this section off
with a quick video…
Stereotypes in The Office
 What
is the definition of a stereotype?
 What
are the most general stereotypes based
on?
 How
can stereotyping a person be bad?
Humans unconsciously perceive others based
on a single characteristic
 Traits





we base first impressions on:
Smile
Frown
Color of hair
Disability
Race
 Three

models of the Halo Effect
Fisicaro and Lance (1990)



The General Impression Model (GI)
Salient Dimension Model
Inadequate Discrimination Model
The halo effect is very common on a college
campus where the population is very diverse
What is the first thing you
notice about this student?
What do you perceive about
her?
What is the first thing you
notice about this student?
What do you perceive about
him?
What is the first thing you
notice about this student?
What do you perceive about
him?
What is the first thing you
notice about this student?
What do you perceive about
her?
What is the first thing you
notice about this student?
What do you perceive
about her?

It is very possible that the perceptions each of
you have made about these individuals could be
completely opposite of who they truly are.
The first student could actually be extremely
negative and depressed.
 The second student could actually be really
outgoing and friendly.
 The third student could actually work really hard
in school.
 The fourth student could actually eat really
healthy and work out on a daily basis.
 The fifth student could actually be a nice girl
who is not stuck up. (If you’ve seen mean girls
we all know this is not true).

The tendency to define problems from
one’s point of view; is the personal filtering
of what we see and hear so as to suit our
own needs
 Why



should this happen?
Past experiences
Individual stimulus
Using
 Example:




Frowning or knitting one’s brows. (Disagree
opinions)
Plush office. (important person)
A sloppily typed letter by a new secretary.
(unsatisfactory employee)
Reading: always ignore grammatical and other
errors. (kind mind &corrects the errors that our
eyes see)
One of the perceptual distortions that assign
personal attributes to other individuals
 Also
called “similar-to-me” error.
 Three types of projection



Neurotic Projection
Complementary Projection
Complimentary Projection
Perceiving others as operating in ways
one unconsciously finds objectionable in
yourself
 Example:
Assuming that others do, think and feel in the
same way as you
 Example
Assuming that others can do things as well as
you
 Example
http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/113941/1/v14n4p419.pdf
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=127&sid=398c1
e89-80fe 4fd5ad955696af39ed42%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3Qtb
Gl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdh&AN=apl-92-4-1169
http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/113941/1/v14n4p419.pdf
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=127&sid=398c1
e89-80fe-4fd5-ad955696af39ed42%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2Z
Q%3d%3d#db=pdh&AN=apl-92-4-1169
http://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/coping/projectio
n.htm
http://counsellingcentral.com/psychology-definition-of-the-weekselective-perception/