Digestive & Excretory
1. Which gland does not secrete hormones?
(1) pituitary gland
(3) sex gland
(2) thyroid gland
(4) salivary gland
2. Which type of digestion occurs in the mouth when an
individual chews a piece of bread?
(1) mechanical digestion, only
(2) chemical digestion, only
(3) both mechanical and chemical digestion
(4) neither mechanical nor chemical digestion
3. The diagram below shows a particle of food being moved
along the human digestive tract by alternate waves of
relaxation and contraction of the muscular walls of the
esophagus.
6. A list of life activities is given below.
Life Activities
(A) Ingestion of protein
(B) Removal of nitrogenous wastes
(C) Breakdown of protein
(D) Formation of nitrogenous wastes
Which sequence of these activities would most likely occur
in humans during the processing of a single protein
molecule?
(1) A →C →D →B
(3) A →B →D →C
(2) A →D →B →C
(4) A →C →B →D
7. What occurs during the digestion of proteins?
(1) Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino
acids.
(2) Specific hormones break down proteins into simple
sugars.
(3) Specific hormones break down proteins into complex
starches.
(4) Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple
sugars.
8. Which part of the human gastrointestinal tract produces
digestive enzymes?
(1) esophagus
(3) small intestine
(2) appendix
(4) large intestine
Which process causes the movement of the food down the
esophagus?
(1) circulation
(3) peristalsis
(2) active transport
(4) osmosis
9. The absorptive surface of the small intestine is greater than
that of other human digestive organs because of its length
and the presence of
(1) alveoli
(3) villi
(2) neurons
(4) nephrons
4. Which process in a human requires that enzymes be
secreted into the gastrointestinal tract?
(1) egestion
(3) intracellular digestion
(2) ingestion
(4) extracellular digestion
10. In humans, the chemical digestion of proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrates is completed in the
(1) stomach
(3) small intestine
(2) pancreas
(4) large intestine
5. Which process in humans would be most directly affected
if peristalsis were to stop?
(1) the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the
body
(2) the movement of food through the gastrointestinal
tract
(3) the flow of blood through the lungs
(4) the removal of excess amino acids from the blood
11. In a human, peristalsis occurs in which organs?
(1) salivary gland, esophagus, and stomach
(2) stomach, small intestine, and pancreas
(3) esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
(4) esophagus, small intestine, and liver
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Digestive & Excretory
12. The diagram below represents the human digestive system.
18. Which nutrients can be absorbed without first being
digested in the human gastrointestinal tract?
(1) carbohydrates and polypeptides
(2) proteins and vitamins
(3) minerals and polysaccharides
(4) vitamins and minerals
19. Which human excretory organ breaks down red blood cells
and synthesizes urea?
(1) lung
(3) skin
(2) kidney
(4) liver
20. What is a major function of the blood vessel represented in
the diagram below?
The organ labeled X functions in the
(1) production of glycogen and the regulation of blood
sugar level
(2) production of bile and the emulsification of fat
(3) absorption of food and the hydrolysis of protein
(4) absorption of water and the formation of feces
13. Extensive damage to the large intestine would have the
greatest effect on
(1) glucose metabolism
(3) enzyme secretion
(2) protein synthesis
(4) water reabsorption
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
releasing carbon dioxide into the sweat gland
transporting oxygen away from the sweat gland
transporting wastes to the sweat gland
filtering starch out of the sweat gland
14. Which structures secrete chemicals utilized for the
completion of digestion within the small intestine?
(1) liver and pancreas
(3) esophagus and alveoli
(2) glomerulus and villi
(4) gallbladder and
pharynx
21. In addition to water, the principal components of urine are
(1) amino acids and fatty acids
(2) urea and salts
(3) ammonia and bile
(4) hydrochloric acid and bases
15. Bile is a secretion which aids in the digestion of
(1) lipids
(3) saccharides
(2) proteins
(4) starches
22. In humans, the ureter transports urine from the
(1) blood to the kidney
(2) liver to the kidney
(3) kidney to the urinary bladder
(4) urinary bladder to outside the body
16. Which disorder would most directly interfere with the
emulsification of fats?
(1) bronchitis
(3) goiter
(2) gout
(4) gallstones
17. Which food would provide the most roughage for the
body?
(1) baked fresh fish
(3) fried chicken breast
(2) lettuce-and-tomato salad (4) milkshake
23. Most materials are reabsorbed from nephron tubules into
surrounding blood vessels by the process known as
(1) active transport
(3) ingestion
(2) phagocytosis
(4) cyclosis
24. In humans, gout is caused by excess production and
deposition of
(1) lactic acid
(3) fatty acids
(2) uric acid
(4) amino acids
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