Preview of the Lectures
16-30
• Public personnel administration is an important element
of government administrative systems. The effective
conduct of the work of government depends upon the
people work and how the people are being administered.
• The main purpose is to ensure public organization has
enough and competence staff to perform the tasks of the
particular organization.
• The concern of public personnel administration is to
improve the productive contribution of the public
servants and to ensure that all government employees are
treated well according to the HRM principle.
• Public personnel administration is an important element
of government administrative systems. The effective
conduct of the work of government depends upon the
people work and how the people are being administered.
• The main purpose is to ensure public organization has
enough and competence staff to perform the tasks of the
particular organization.
• The concern of public personnel administration is to
improve the productive contribution of the public
servants and to ensure that all government employees are
treated well according to the HRM principle.
DEFINITION OF PUBLIC PERSONNEL
ADMINISTRATION
GOEL (1985)
“Public personnel
administration is that
part of public
administration which can
help an organization in
the management of
personnel with the use
of well thought out
principles, practices and
rationalized techniques
in selecting, retaining,
and developing
personnel for the
fulfillment of
organizational
objectives’.
ROBERT D.
GATEWOOD (1994)
‘’All activities that
forecast on the
number and type of
employees which
an organization will
need and then find,
and develop them
with necessary
skills’’
NICHOLAS
HENRY (2006)
‘’Concerning
both the
management of
and the policy
making for
people, and
positions in the
government
bureaucracy’’
ROLE OF PERSONNEL
ADMINISTRATOR MANAGER
Advising management in
formulating Personnel
Policies
Discussion and
Manpower planning, recruitment
negotiation for
and selection. Training and
collective bargaining
development, Performance
appraisal
Handling disciplinary
and legal matters
Grievance handling
Solving personnel and
organizational problems
Managing wage and salary
administration
Problems of Governance in Pakistan
• Revising Governance in Pakistan’s perspective
• The Musharraf Paradox: The Failure of an
Economic Success Story
• Issues of Voters in 2008
• Factors contributing to country’s economic
malaise
• Some highs of Musharraf Era
• Factors contributing to country’s economic
malaise
• Outcomes of the dictatorship
Economic Growth and Social Polarization
• During the Ayub period (1960-1969) the basic
objective of the development strategy was to achieve
a high growth rate of GNP within the framework of
private enterprise supported by government
subsidies, tax concessions and import
controls.Investment targets were expected to be
achieved on the basis of the doctrine of functional
inequality. This meant a deliberate transfer of in
come from the poorer sections of society who were
thought to have a low marginal rate of savings, to
high income groups who were expected to have a
high marginal rate of savings for the sake of high
savings and raised investment.
• The particular growth process in Pakistan during
this period generated four fundamental
contradictions:
1. A dependent economic structure and growing
inflow of foreign loans.
2. An acute concentration of economic power (43
families represented 76.8 per cent of all
manufacturing assets by the end of the 1960s).
3. The polarization of classes in the rural sector and
a rapid increase in landlessness.
4. A growing economic disparity between the
regions of Pakistan.
Governance
• The political and bureucratic elite in Pakistan has so far
demonstrably failed in fulfilling its historical role of
building a modem democratic polity marked with
social justice within the state of Pakistan, as envisaged
by the founding father, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah. Fulfilling this role would have meant building
institutions through which the will of the people could
become operative within the power structure,
developing a political culture which could strengthen
and sustain these institutions, and finally, in initiating
an industrialization process through which the people
of Pakistan could make a contribution to the
contemporary world.
• it is remarkable that whenever the people, as a whole,
have intervened, they have shown not only a high level
of political consciousness but, in fact, it can be argued
that their political maturity has grown over time.
Frequently Asked Questions
• Are these institutions capable of fairly resolving
many of the conflicts that have repeatedly
derailed the economy?
• Will they permit continuity in economic
policy?
• Will they strengthen democracy, enabling all
segments of society better access to public
services and opportunities?
• Will they enable the country to finally have a
successful economic transition to high sustained
growth?
Decentralization
• What is Decentralization
• Why Decentralize
• Benefits and Criticism and Prerequisites on
Devolution
• History of Decentralization in Pakistan
• Repairing the System
• The Current Local Government Reforms
Three Tiered Local Government System
District Administration
Caters to Development
Needs Like Health
Tehsil Administration
Caters To Municipal
Needs and Services
Union Administration
Elects Members of the
Higher Tiers
CCB’s
Advisory Role in Service
Provision
Summary (1947-2000)
• Institutionalization of Clienteles, Personalized Politics
• Disempowerment of Provincial Elected Tier
• Circumscribed Power of Elected Local Governments
• Strong Bureaucratic Hold Over Local Governments
• Political Power Highly Centralized
Conclusions
• One formula fits all, implementation in one go
• Devolution – phases (from center to province and from
province to districts)
• Failure to undertake financial repercussions-the transition
committees never submitted their reports
• Increased political participation yes, sustainability &
effectiveness in doubt
• Unfinished agenda- un established bodies, departments,
failure to make changes in the ordinance due to rigidity
• New agenda- Provincial & National Assembly Elections and
emerging conflicts
– Party or non-party based elections
– to have or have not
• Constitutional protection without endorsement of parliament
Highly Responsive Local Government
Non-engaging
Civil Society
“invited”
space
“legally defined”
space
“jointly
defined” space
Fully engaging
Civil Society
“claimed”
space
Unresponsive Local Government
Source: Nierras, 2002
Decision Making in Governance
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What are Organizations and Who are Managers?
What is Decision Making?
Rationality in Organizations
Rational Decision Making Models
How Administrators Think
Programmed Decision Making
Non-programmed Decision Making
Leaders Profile
Emergent Problems
A Paradigm for Decision Making
Decision-Making:
Concept
-
Means by which to:
Administer
Plan
Organize
Lead
Control
16
Rationality in Decision Making
• Herbert Simon’s three phases of decision making:
– Intelligence activity, Design activity, Choice activity
• Peter Drucker’s rational steps in decision making:
–
–
–
–
–
Define the Problem
Analyze the Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Decide on the Best Solution
Convert decisions into Effective Actions
17
The Rational Model
1. Define and diagnose
the problem
2. Set goals
7. Follow up and
control
6.Implement the
solution selected
External and
internal
Environ.
forces
3. Search for
alternative solutions
5. Choose among
4. Compare and
alternative
evaluate solution
solutions
Leaders Profile
-
Ten Variables:
i)
Dependence on authority
ii)
Use of power and fear
iii) Dominates
iv) Dependence on personal
expertness
v)
Personal Likeableness
vi) Exhibition of sincere interest
vii) Development of persons
viii) Inspiration for the best results
ix) Weld members into a team
x)
Sharing of ends and goals
19
“Poverty and Inequality Issues in Pakistan”
• Poverty, inequality and unemployment in Pakistan
– Overview of poverty and income inequality situation (from year
2000 till 2010)
– Poverty across the provinces
– Trends in inequality
– A comparison of poverty and inequality in Pakistan with
selected Asian countries
– Comparison in inequality
– Status of achieving poverty-related MDG targets in Pakistan
• Relationship between inequality, poverty and growth
• Government policies/initiatives for reducing poverty and inequality
• Benazir income support program (BISP)
• Punjab food support scheme (PFSS)
• Pakistan Bait-ul-Maal (PBM)
Agenda
• Zakat
• Microfinance
• Diagnostic Analysis of Binding Constraints to Reducing Poverty and
Inequality
• Law & Order and Governance
• Education, Technology and Health
• Landlessness, Farm Assets and Tenure Patterns
• Power Structures in Rural Areas
• Doing Business in Pakistan
21
Impact of Energy Crisis on Development
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preview of Last Lecture
Pakistan and it’s MDGs
What will it take to achieve MDGs?
What is Energy Crises?
Causes of Energy Crises
Effects of Energy Crises
Pakistan and the Millennium Development Goals (2015)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Promote Gender Equality
Reduce Child Mortality
Improve Maternal Health
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Develop a Global Partnership for Development
23
Contents
Demand of electricity
Supply of electricity
Shortfall of electricity
Dams
Other methods to produce electricity
24
Energy resources of Pakistan

Energy Type
Pakistan’s Conventional Energy Resources
Potential
Source
Crude Oil
339 million barrels recoverable reserves.
Pak Eco Survey 2010-11
Natural Gas
31,266 trillion cubic feet recoverable reserves.
Pak Eco Survey 2010-11
Coal
185 billion tones recoverable reserves.
Pak Eco Survey 2010-11

1.
2.
3.
Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Resources
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Bio-mass & Bio-fuels
25
Economic Issues and Challenges
•
•
•
•
•
The Era of Structural Adjustment:1988-1998
Economic Situation:1998-2004
Sectoral Contribution to the GDP growth
Structural Changes In Pakistan
Pakistan: basic indicators,1947-2011
Sectoral Contribution to the GDP growth (%points)
Sector
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Agricultur 0.92
e
0.23
0.86
0.13
0.26
Industry
2.28
0.38
-0.03
2.09
-0.02
Manufact
uring
1.55
0.92
-0.69
1.01
0.55
Services
3.61
3.08
0.89
1.54
2.15
Real GDP 6.81
3.68
1.72
3.76
2.39
Challenges to Pakistan’s Economy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
We Consume More and Save Less.
We Import More and Export Less
Government Spends More than it Earns as Revenues
Our Share in the World Trade is Shrinking
We Badly Lag in Social Indicators.
We Face Energy and Water Shortages
Cost of Doing Business is High
Crisis of Governance and Implementation Weaknesses
Uncertainty and Unpredictability due to Lack of Continuity
Political Stability, Law and Order/Security.
“Financial Public Administration”
•
•
•
•
What is Finance and Financial Administration?
Importance of Public Finance
Budget
The Budget as an Instrument of Public Policy
and Manage
• The Legal Basis of Budgets
• What is an Appropriation?
Finance
• Finance occupies a very important place in
budgetary process.
• It is the oil of the engine of administration.
• No act of government can be performed
without money.
• Government requires money for everything, it
does.
Principles of Budgeting
•
•
•
•
•
Publicity
Comprehensiveness
Clarity
Integrity
Periodicity
Principles of Sound Financial Administration
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Accuracy
Comprehensiveness
Consistency
Honesty
Judgment
Legitimacy
Timeliness
Transparency
32
Role of Bureaucracy in Public Administration
•
•
•
•
What is Bureaucracy?
Weber’s Model
Functions of Bureaucracy
The nature and dimensions of bureaucracysociety incongruity
• Pakistan’s prime need a real bureaucracy
• Remedies
The Bureaucracy
• What is Bureaucracy?
• A complex, hierarchically arranged
organization composed of many small
subdivisions with specialized functions
• Bureaucracy means “rule by officialdom”
• Bureaucracy is complex
Bureaucracy (Weber Model)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hierarchy
Division of Labor
Consistency
Qualification
Professional–Private Separation
Devotion to Purpose
Advancement / Seniority
Remedies
• Bureaucracy can be effective only if it has the
assurance of protection from the vindictive actions
of rulers.
• Recently, the Supreme Court has started taking
notice of the ministerial nepotism and
arbitrariness in the appointments and promotions of
officials.
•This initiative should be followed by a bill to enact the
security of tenure and containment of
the discretionary powers of rulers for appointments,
transfers and promotions of public officials.
• The reconstruction of Pakistan’s bureaucracies
has to begin with restoring the rule of rules in
public services and ensuring security of tenure
with accountability.
• Pakistan’s bureaucracies are plagued by many
ills other than insecurity and loss
of professionalism.
Quote of the Day
• There is no end to education. It is not that you
read a book, pass an examination, and finish
with education. The whole of life, from the
moment you are born to the moment you die,
is a process of learning.