Windows Server 2003
DHCP 安裝設定與管理維護
林寶森
jeffl@ms11.hinet.net
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses
DHCP Client2:
IP configuration
from DHCP server
Non-DHCP Client:
Static IP
configuration
Lease Renewal
Lease Generation
DHCP Server
DHCP Client1:
IP configuration
from DHCP server
DHCP
Database
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1
IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2
IP Address3: Available to be leased
The DHCP Lease Generation Process
DHCP Client
1
DHCP Servers
IP Lease Request
IP Lease Offer
2
3 IP Lease Selection
IP Lease
Acknowledgement
4
The DHCP Lease Renewal Process
DHCPREQUEST
Source IP Address = 192.168.0.77
Dest. IP Address = 192.168.0.108
Requested IP Address = 192.168.0.77
Hardware Address = 08004....
DHCPACK
DHCP Client
Source IP Address = 192.168.0.108
Dest. IP Address = 192.168.0.77
Offered IP Address = 192.168.0.77
Client Hardware Address = 08004...
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Length of Lease = 8 days
Server Identifier = 192.168.0.108
DHCP Option: Router = 192.168.0.1
DHCP Server
Automatic Private IP Addressing
DHCP Server
(Offline)
Computer Running
Windows XP / 2003
Request for IP Address
APIPA
Generates IP Address
No
IP Address
Returned
169.254.X.X
Broadcasts the
IP Address
Assigns IP Address
No
Response
Securing the DHCP Service
Active Directory
DHCP Server 1
DHCP Server 2
Authorized List
DHCP Administrators
DHCP Log
DHCP Server 1
DHCP Server 2
DHCP Users
Overview of Scopes
Scope
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4
DHCP Server
IP Addresses Available for
Lease to Client Computers
Selecting DHCP Options
DHCP option
Description
Routers
A preferred list of IP addresses for routers on the
same subnet as the DHCP clients
DNS servers
IP addresses for DNS name servers that DHCP
clients use to resolve names
DNS domain
Domain name that DHCP clients should use
when resolving names
WINS node type
A preferred NetBIOS name resolution method for
the DHCP client to use
WINS server
IP addresses of primary and secondary WINS
servers for the DHCP client to use
Reserving IP Addresses for
Client Computers
New Reservation

Provide information for a reserved client.
Reservation name:
Stuttgart Server
IP address:
192 . 168 . 1 . 201
MAC address:
00a024e2b01a
Description:
DHCP Reservation for Server
Supported types
Both
DHCP only
BOOTP only
Add
Close
A reservation is a
specific IP address,
within a scope,
that is permanently
reserved for leased
use to a specific
DHCP client
Examining Option Classes
• Vendor-defined classes manage DHCP options that are
assigned to clients that are identified by vendor type
• User-defined classes manage DHCP options that are
assigned to clients with common configuration
requirements
Configuration A
Client1
Client2
DHCP
Server
Configuration B
Configuration C
Client3
Relative IPCONFIG Options
• IPCONFIG /all
Display full configuration information
• IPCONFIG /renew
Renew the IP address for the specified adapter
• IPCONFIG /release
Release the IP address for the specified adapter
Configuring a Superscope
SuperscopeA
DHCP
Server
192.168.1.1
Scope1
192.168.1.1
Scope2
192.168.2.1
192.168.1.254
192.168.2.254
192.168.1.254
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.254
Configuring a Multicast Scope
Computer2
DHCP Server
Request for
Multicast Address
Multicast
Address Assigned
Multicast
Group
Computer1
Computer3
Computer4
Routed Network Configuration Options
DHCP Client
Non RFC
Compliant
Broadcast
RFC-1542
Compliant
Router
Router
Broadcast
Broadcast
DHCP
Relay
Agent
Broadcast
Windows 2003
Server
DHCP Client
DHCP Server
Enhancing DHCP Availability
with Distributed Scopes
Scope for
192.168.1.X/24
defined in both
DHCP Servers
Active Addresses
Excluded Addresses
DHCP Server
Excluded Addresses
Active Addresses
DHCP Server
What Is a DHCP Database?
• The DHCP database contains DHCP configuration data,
such as information about scopes, reservations, options,
and leases
• Windows Server 2003 stores the DHCP database in the
directory %Systemroot%\System32\Dhcp
• The DHCP database files include:
 DHCP.mdb
 Tmp.edb
 J50.log and J50*.log
 Res*.log
 J50.chk
How a DHCP Database Is Reconciled
DHCP
Database
Detailed IP
address lease
information
Registry
Summary IP
address lease
information
Compares
information to find
inconsistencies
Reconciles
inconsistencies in
the DHCP database
DHCP Server
Example
Summary information Detailed information Reconciled DHCP database
Client has IP address
192.168.1.34
IP address 192.168.1.34
Create an active lease entry
is available
What Are DHCP Statistics?
DHCP Server
DHCP statistics represent statistics collected at either the server
level or scope level since the DHCP service was last started
What Is a DHCP Audit Log File?
A DHCP audit log is a log of service-related events, such as when: the
service starts and stops; authorizations have been verified; or IP addresses
are leased, renewed, released, or denied