NPOESS
National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
Briefing to the APAN Earth Observation Working Group
January 30, 2004
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities
METOP
Mission
NPOESS
NPOESS
Provide a national, operational, polarorbiting remote-sensing capability
Achieve National Performance Review
(NPR) savings by converging DoD and
NOAA satellite programs
Incorporate new technologies from
NASA
0530
0930
Specialized
Satellites
Encourage International Cooperation
1330
Local Equatorial Crossing
Time
NPOESS
Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B
NPOESS is Good Government!
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS
NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONAL remote sensing
capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and
to acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers, GLOBAL
and regional environmental imagery and specialized
METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATIC, TERRESTRIAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC
and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of public
safety, commerce, environmental monitoring and research.
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
National Importance
- Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public
warnings and forecasts of severe weather
events, reduce the potential loss of
human life and property and advance the
national economy
- Support of general aviation, agriculture,
and maritime communities aimed at
increasing U.S. productivity
- Commitment to support long-term data
continuity for environmental monitoring
and Global Change assessment
NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote
Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Establishing NPOESS
• National Space Council Study - 1992
• National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993
-Identified Need for Coordinated Effort
• OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to
Congress - May 1994
• Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994
-Directed Convergence of National Assets
• Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement
(MOA) - May 1995
- Established Roles and Responsibilities of
Department of Defense, Department of
Commerce, and NASA
• EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar
Agreement - November 1998
- Brought in International Community
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Two Polar-orbiting Systems
DMSP (Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)
• Currently
- F-14 Launched December 1994
- F-15 Launched December 1999
- F-16 Launched December 2003
POES (Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite)
• First Launched April 1, 1960
• Currently
- NOAA-15 Launched May 1998
- NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000
- NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
DMSP/POES to NPOESS
Convergence & Evolution of Mission Areas
Military
DoD/AF
DoD/AF
DMSP
Block 6
-Imaging
- μwave Sounding
-Space Environment
-Under DMSP SPO
Civil
Tri-Agency
CONVERGENCE
DOC/NOAA
DOC/NOAA
POES
OPQR
-Imaging
-Sounding
Discontinued
-Climate
-Ozone
-Space Environment
-Under POES Prog Office
NPOESS
–Imaging
–Sounding
–Climate
–Ozone
–Space Environment
–Under Integrated
Program Office
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Satellite Transition Schedule
(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)
Slopes indicate 10-90% need
CY
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
0530
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
DMSP
F17
F19
F20
NPOESS
C3
C6
WindSat/Coriolis
0730
- 1030
F15 DMSP
POES
F16
F18
C1
NPOESS
C4
NPOESS
METOP
17
EOS-Terra
NPP
1330
POES
16
N’
N
EOS-Aqua
C2
NPOESS
C5
Earliest Need to back-up launch
----------------10 Year Mission Life-------------------
Mission
Satisfaction
S/C
Earliest Availability
Deliveries
FY
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
As of: 20 Oct 02
Launch date based on backup need
Most probable launch date
S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Requirements
• Integrated Operational
Requirements Document
(IORD-II)
- 55 Data Products
- 21 Enhancement Products
- 2 System Characteristic KPPs
Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program
First success after eight previous attempts
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
IORD Content Example
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
• Sea Surface Temperature
is defined as a highly
precise measurement of
the temperature of the
surface layer (upper 1
meter) of ocean water.
It has two major
applications: 1) sea
surface phenomenology,
and 2) use in infrared
cloud/no cloud decision
for processed cloud data.
The accompanying
requirements apply only
under clear conditions
(unless specified
otherwise).
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Environmental Data Records
By Discipline
Atmos Vert Moist Prof
Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc)
Ozone-Tot Col/Profile
Atmos Vert Temp Prof
Electric Field
Precipitable Water
Imagery
Electron Density Prof
Precip Type / Rate
Sea Surf Temp
Aero Refractive Index
Pressure (Surf/Profile)
Sea Surf Winds
Geomagnetic Field
Sea Ice Age Char
Soil Moisture
Ice Surface Temp
Sea Surface Hgt/Topo
Aero Opt Thickness
Energetic Ions
Snow Cover/Depth
Aerosol Particle Size
In-situ Plasma Fluct
Solar Irradiance
Albedo (Surface)
In-situ Plasma Temp
ST- Auroral Particles
Auroral Boundary
Downward Swave Rad
Surface Wind Stress
Auroral Imagery
Med Energy Particles
Suspended Matter
Cloud Base Height
Ionospheric Scint
Auroral Energy Depos
Cloud Cover/Layers
Land Surface Temp
Cloud Eff Particle Size
Surface Type
Cloud Ice Water Path
Net Heat Flux
Cloud Liquid Water
Net Solar Rad (TOA)
Cloud Opt Thickness
Neutral Density Profile
Out
Lwave Rad (TOA)
Atmospheric
Oceanic
Terrestrial
Space Environment
Climate
Cloud Top Height
Total Water Content
Cloud Top Pressure
Vegetation Index
Cloud Top Temp
Ocean Color / Chlor
Cloud Part Size / Dist
Ocean Wave Char
LEGEND
- KPPs
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Program Vision
The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team:
Working in a spirit of shared ownership
to develop and deploy
the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental
remote-sensing capability
to meet next-generation civil and military needs
Breaking the Mold!
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Working Together
Creating Success
The only thing they pay us for!
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
SSPR Responsibilities
• Government and Contractor Share Risk
- Open Communications Facilitate Insight Into Each
Other’s Decisions
- Integrated Management Framework (IMF) Improves
Visibility
• Large, Flexible Fee Pool
-
Approaches Commercial Returns
Meet Our Contractors Specific Motivators
Reflects Government Expectations
Success Defined As Meeting Requirements
Incentives Focus on Highest Program Risk -- Total
System Integration and Performance
Shared Ownership creates a Win/Win situation
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
SSPR Responsibilities cont...
Government
Industry
Controls Performance
Requirements
Controls All Aspects of Design and
Manufacture
Manages SSPR Contractor
Manages All Subcontractors and
Associate Contractors
Establishes Flexible, Positive
Rewards
Flow Rewards to All Teammates
Teammates and Supplier Relations
Established Early
Flexible Teammate and Supplier
Relationships Are Earn-on, Perform
to Stay, Motivated to Innovate
Ensures Industrial Base Is
Maintained
Business Relationships Based on
Best Business Practices
Open Communications through IMF
Open Communications through IMF
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Acquisition and Operation
• Acquisition and Operation (A&O) Contract was
awarded on August 23, 2002 to TRW for $4.5B
• A&O Contract consists of:
-
6 satellites
Taking over all government instrument contracts
Buying all “leveraged” instruments
Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT)
Building and deploying all ground systems
• C3 and data retrieval
• Data processing hardware and software
- Software for worldwide users
• Operating system through IOC (2011)
- With option to 2018
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Payloads
NPOESS Instruments
METOP
0930
0530 0930 1330
NPP TBD
1030
IPO Developed
Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)*
X
Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)*
Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)*
X
X
X
X (AVHRR)
X
X
X
X (IASI/HIRS)
X
X
X
Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS)
X
X (GOME)
GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS)
X
X (GRAS)
Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS)
X
X (SEM)
X
X (AMSU/MHS)
X
X
X
X
Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
X
Leveraged
Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)*
X
ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS)
X
Search and Rescue (SARSAT)
X
Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS)
X
X
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
X
Radar altimeter (ALT)
X
Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)
* Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite
X
X
X
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Satellite
CMIS
ATMS
CrIS
VIIRS
OMPS
CMIS - μwave imager
VIIRS - vis/IR imager
CrIS - IR sounder
ATMS - μwave sounder
OMPS - ozone
GPSOS - GPS occultation
ADCS - data collection
SESS - space environment
APS - aerosol polarimeter
SARSAT - search & rescue
TSIS - solar irradiance
ERBS - Earth radiation budget
ALT - altimeter
ERBS
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
Single satellite design with common sensor locations
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Instruments in
Development/Production Phase
Cross-track IR Sounder
(CrIS)
ITT Industries
Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer
Suite (VIIRS)
Raytheon SBRS
Conical-scanning Microwave
Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
Boeing
Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite
(OMPS)
Ball Aerospace
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
(ATMS)
Northrop Grumman
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
VIIRS Design
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Compact, All Reflective Optical
Design Minimizes Stray Light
Rotating Telescope
VisNIR/DNB FPA
SWMWIR
& LWIR Dewar
Half Angle Mirror
FMA Imager
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
VIIRS Data Characteristics
V IS/NIR FPA
Silicon PIN Diodes
Band
No.
Horiz Sample Interval
(km Downtrack x Crosst rack)
M1
Wavelength
(m)
0.412
Nadir
0.742 x 0.259
End of Scan
1.60 x 1.58
M2
0.445
0.742 x 0.259
1.60 x 1.58
M3
0.488
0.742 x 0.259
1.60 x 1.58
M4
0.555
0.742 x 0.259
1.60 x 1.58
I1
M5
0.640
0.672
0.371 x 0.387
0.742 x 0.259
0. 80 x 0.789
1.60 x 1.58
M6
I2
M7
0.746
0.865
0.865
0.742 x 0.776
0.371 x 0.387
0.742 x 0.259
1.60 x 1.58
0. 80 x 0.789
1.60 x 1.58
0.7
0.742 x 0.742
0.742 x 0.742
Ltyp or
Ttyp
Ocean Color
Aerosols
Ocean Color
Aerosols
Ocean Color
Aerosols
Ocean Color
Aerosols
Imagery
Ocean Color
Aerosols
At mospheric Corr'n
NDVI
Ocean Color
Aerosols
Imagery
Signal to Noise Ratio
(dimensionless)
or NET (Kelvins)
Predict ed Required Margin (%)
Low
44.9
483
352
37%
High
155
838
316
165%
Low
40
560
380
47%
High
146
847
409
107%
Low
32
608
416
46%
High
123
784
414
90%
Low
21
544
362
50%
High
90
643
315
104%
Single
22
147
119
24%
Low
10
366
242
51%
High
68
511
360
42%
Single
9.6
318
199
60%
Single
25
222
150
48%
Low
6.4
490
215
130%
High
33.4
487
340
43%
Var. 6.70E-05
6.6
6
10%
S /MWIR
PV HgCdTe (HCT)
Driving EDRs
M8
M9
I3
M10
M11
I4
M12
M13
1.24
1.378
1.61
1.61
2.25
3.74
3.70
4.05
0.742
0.742
0.371
0.742
0.742
0.371
0.742
0.742
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
0.776
0.776
0.387
0.776
0.776
0.387
0.776
0.259
1.60 x 1.58
1.60 x 1.58
0. 80 x 0.789
1.60 x 1.58
1.60 x 1.58
0. 80 x 0.789
1.60 x 1.58
1.60 x 1.58
Cloud P article Size
Cirrus/Cloud Cover
B inary Snow Map
Snow Fraction
Clouds
Imagery Clouds
SST
SST
Fires
Single
Single
Single
Single
Single
Single
Single
Low
High
5.4
6
7.3
7.3
0.12
270 K
270 K
300 K
380 K
114
166
76.4
513
15.2
0.967
0.224
0.480
0.312
74
83
6.0
342
10
2.500
0.396
0.107
0.423
54%
100%
1170%
50%
52%
160%
77%
120%
35%
LWIR
PV HCT
CCD DNB
Radiance
Range
M14
M15
I5
M16
8.55
10.763
11.450
21.013
0.742
0.742
0.371
0.742
x
x
x
x
0.776
0.776
0.387
0.776
1.60 x 1.58
1.60 x 1.58
0. 80 x 0.789
1.60 x 1.58
Cloud Top Properties
SST
Cloud Imagery
SST
Single
Single
Single
Single
270 K
300 K
210 K
300 K
0.051
0.030
0.093
0.054
0.091
0.070
1.500
0.072
78%
130%
61%
34%
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder
All Weather Imaging
Precipitation Measurement
Ocean surface wind field
and cloud imagery
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Cross-track Infrared Sounder
Hurricane warm core
temperature anomaly
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Segment Architecture
GPS
Space Segment
1330
ADCS SARSAT
Field Terminal
Segment
Supplied
by NOAA
CLASS
ADS
TDRSS
SDS
Launch
Support
Segment
NPP
1730
2130
Residual Satellites
Svalbard
WSC
Primary T&C
NPP SMD
LEO&A
Backup T&C
Supplied
by NASA
15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites
FNMOC
NAVO
AFWA
NESDIS
Interface Data Processing Segment
Data Handling
Node
MMC at Suitland
Front End Flight Operations Team
Processor
MMC at Schriever
Alternate Operations
Team
C3 Segment
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)
Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo
• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002
• Instrument Risk Reduction
• Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test
• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)
• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)
• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)
- Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications
before NPOESS first launch
• Ground System Risk Reduction
- Early delivery and test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system
elements
- Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products
- Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for
instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch
- Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch
• Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
The NPP System
• Spacecraft
• VIIRS
• CrIS
• ATMS
• Ground Support
Equipment
IPO Antenna
Location
X
Launch Support
Segment (LSS)
• Launch vehicle
• Launch support
• Payload Processing
support
Command, Control &
Communication Segment
(C3S)
Interface Data Processing
Segment (IDPS)
•Ingest and validate raw SMD
•Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
•Perform operations cal proc
•Provide data records to
Centrals, SDS & ADS
•Manage Mission (joint funding)
•Manage Satellite Operations
•Space/Ground Comm
•Data Routing & Retrieval
Archive & Distribution
Segment (ADS)
-NOAA Funding
-IPO Funding
-NASA Funding
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ingest & validate data records
Manage archive
Interface with users
Generate user products
Track user orders
Generate accounting reports
Science Data
Segment (SDS)
• Ingest and validate RDRs
• Process RDRs to Level 1B
• Generate climate data
products
• Perform science cal proc
• Provide Climate data to ADS
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Calibration/Validation
To tie it all together and make it work….
Calibration
Validation
• Absolute
Accuracy
• Ocean Wind
Speed
• Polarization
Purity
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Geolocation
Accuracy
• Instrument
Stability
• Doppler
Correction
• Antenna
Pattern
Correction
Water Vapor
Cloud Water
Rain Rate
Sea Ice
Soil Moisture
Snow water
Land Temp
Lower Air
Profiles
• Upper Air
Profiles
Mission Success
Ensures • Meet Specification
• Operational
production of
synoptic maps and
profiles of critical
atmospheric,
oceanographic
and land
parameters
• Quality Control
Users
• NWP
• Real-time tactical
• Non-tactical
•JTWC
•NHC
•JIC
• Others
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
IDPS Products
Environmental Data Records
Cloud Top Heights
Cloud Layers
VIIRS – Visible/Infrared
Imager/Radiometer Suite
Total Precipitable Water
Surface Temperature
Environmental Properties
Displayed at VIIRS Pixel
Locations
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Environmental Observing
Natural Hazards
Detection and Mapping
Ozone Monitoring
Multi-spectral Hurricane
Mapping and Profiling
All Weather Imaging
Precipitation Measurement
Sea Surface Temperature
Ocean Circulation
Snow and Ice
Mapping and Monitoring
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Protect Safety of Life and Property
Improve Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings
Improved Microwave
Imagery/Sounding
products will improve
prediction of wind
speed and direction
Increase in hurricane
landfall forecast skill will
save an estimated $1
million per mile of
coastline that does not
have to be evacuated
Improved early warnings
mitigate the devastating
effects of floods through
disaster planning and
response
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Benefits the Nation
• Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, and
property
• NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings
• Improved forecasts will
- Reduce loss of life and property
- benefit US industry through increased productivity
• NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate
monitoring and assessment
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Additional COnsiderations
• Each satellite will produce approximately 2 TB of data per day
- RDRs – Raw Data Records
- SDRs – Sensor Data Records – calibrated geolocated
- EDRs – Environmental Data Records – products
• NPP will not have direct broadcast
• NPOESS will have direct broadcast, but receiving station costs will make
electronic data transfers attractive.
• Distribution of NPP and NPOESS data to the Asia Pacific region could be a
major new EO-WG objective.
• If there is interest in this the requirement for NPP and NPOESS data
needs to be expressed to the national representatives of the GEO.