Kingdom
Monera
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae
Viruses
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1
What are the proper terms for the
acronym: King Phyl COF GENE S?
2
Note: Genus and Species names always presented
together and should be italicized or underlined.
Eg) Homo sapiens
3
Identify the three shapes of bacteria,
include the Latin names, and explain what
sort of formation they like to be in.
A:
B:
C:
4
A: Bacilli  rod shape  forms chains
B: Spirilla  spiral shape  single cells only.
C. Cocci round shape  forms clusters
5
In which domain(s) of life are
bacteria classified?
Describe the bacteria in each
domain(s).
6
Modern bacteria are part of the Domain
Eubacteria. True bacteria. Heterotrophic.
Ancient bacteria that still exist around the
oceans’ hydrothermal vents and go
through chemosynthesis are part of
Domain Archea.
7
Pick out of the list which of the following
diseases are caused by a bacterium and
therefore can be treated with antibiotics?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Smallpox
West Nile Illness
SARS
Hepatitis C
Meningitis
Athletes foot
Yeast Infection
8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Smallpox - viral
West Nile Illness - viral
SARS - viral
Hepatitis C -viral
Meningitis – treatment of antibiotics
Athletes foot - fungi
Yeast Infection -fungi
(6 & 7 treated with antifungal
medicines/creams)
9
Identify the following anatomy:
A: ____________________
D: ____________________
E:_____________________
F:_____________________
What is F’s composition? (what is it made out of?)
________________
10
Identify the following anatomy:
A: flagellum
D: pili
E: Deoxyribonucleic acid
F: Cell wall
What is F’s composition? (what is it made out
of?) Peptidoglycan
11
Identify the following two organisms
from Kingdom Protista. What are three
similarities between them?
A:
B:
12
A: Euglena
B: Paramecium
3 similarities: Eukaryotic cells, both
unicellular, both live in pond water, both can
reproduce asexually.
Note the differences:
Euglena: have flagellum, plant-like protists,
have an eyespot
Paramecium: have cilia, animal-like protists
and have a macro and micronucleus for
sexual reproduction (conjugation)
13
3 questions in one !
What type of Protist is represented in this slide?
With what type of species can this protist live in
co-existance, actually helping each other?
What is this relationship called?
Hint!
14
1. This is a green algae from Kingdom Protista
• Any photosynthesizing organism in this relationship is
called a Mycorrhizae.
2. Is can co-exist with a fungi in the form of a lichen.
3. This beneficial relationship is called MUTUALISM.
• Algae: creates nutrients by photosynthesis
• Fungi: Provides H2O for algae.
• Note: puffballs are mutualistic with flies. Flies are attracted
to the rotten smell of puffballs and can eat the spores and
also carry them to new locations.
15
In Malaria, what does the mosquito
vector inject into the human?
What genetic disorder can give you
hidden immunity to Malaria?
16
1. Infected Mosquitos inject sporozoites into
a host human.
2. Sickle Cell Anemia can give you some
protection against malaria.
17
What is the main mode for classifying
the animal-like protists?
List the animal-like protists we have
studied and indicate how we classify
them into different groups.
18
Locomotion (how they move) is used to classify the
various animal like protists.
Animal like protists include:
•Amoeba: move with pseudopodia
•Paramecium: move with cilia
19
Are organisms in Kingdom Protista
autotrophic or heterotrophic?
What chemical processes do they go
through?
Explain your answer.
20
Kingdom Protista includes both.
Euglena, Green Algae are both examples of
autotrophic organisms and go through
photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Amoeba and Paramecium are both
heterotrophic organisms and go through
cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 +6O2  6 CO2 +6 H2O + ATP
21
Match the following Phylums of Fungi
with the specific fungal organisms.
1. Mushroom ____
2. Mildew
____
3. Penecillum ____
4. Bread Mold ____
A: Phylum Zygomycota
B: Phylum Ascomycota
C: Phylum Basidiomycota
D: Phylum Deuteromycota
22
1. Mushroom = C Phylum Basidiomycota
2. Mildew
= B Phylum Ascomycota
3. Penecillum = D Phylum Deuteromycota
4. Bread Mold = A Phylum Zygomycota
23
What are 3 things fungi need to
thrive in their environments?
24
1. Dark environment (DO NOT need sunlight,
because they do not go through
photosynthesis!)
2. Moisture, fungi need water in order to grow
and prefer moist environments.
3. A suitable SUBSTRATE. i.e. Bread or a tree
stump etc.
(It is from this substrate the fungi digests the
nutrients by using digestive enzymes in their
rhizoids)
25
From the following list: which of the
following are from Kingdom Fungi?
A. Ringworm
B. The black plague
C. Penicillin
D. Blue-green algae
26
A. Ringworm - Fungi
B. The black plague – Caused by bacteria
that lives on fleas that are carried by rats.
C. Penicillin - Fungi
D. Blue-green algae – A bacteria now called
cyanobacteria (a more appropriate name!)
27
Draw a sketch of a bread mould
(Phylum Zygomycota) and label the
following:
1. Sporangium
2. Sporangiophore
3. Stolon
4. Rhizoid
5. Spores
28
NOTE: A Rhizopus is formed by a spore of this mold landing on a
suitable substrate and developing into a visible mycelium
29
What do we call the fertilized cell that creates
more mushrooms?
Describe the:
i) Shape
ii) Approximate number of cells
iii) Approximate size of the cell
30
SPORES!
i) Spores are a round shape or slightly ovule.
ii)There are thousands or millions of spores in a
single mushroom.
iii) Because they are best seen at 400X
magnification. They are likely 10-20
micrometers large.
31
What are two tissues found in Vascular
Plants but not found in Non-Vascular
Plants? What are the functions of
these tissues?
32
Vascular Plants that includes
ferns, gymnosperms and
angiosperms have vascular
tissue.
1. XYLEM: carries water
and minerals up the plant
from the roots
2. PHLOEM: Carries sugars
down the plant from the
leaves.
33
What KINGDOMS are found in DOMAIN
EUKARYA?
What is the one unifying characteristic of
organisms in this domain?
34
DOMAIN EUKARYA includes
-Kingdom Protista
-Kingdom Fungi
-Kingdom Plantae
-Kingdom Animalia
They are unified by the fact that all
theses have EUKARYOTIC CELLS.
I.e. larger, have a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles.
35
In Moss, what transfers sperm to
egg between female and male
moss plants?
Are you looking at the haploid
(1n) gametophyte or the diploid
(2n) sporophyte when you
observe a typical moss?
36
Water (rain drops) transfers sperm from the
male moss to the female moss plants. Sperm
can only swim when in water.
A typical moss is in the haploid (gametophyte)
part of it’s lifecycle. Only after reproduction do
you see a brief occurrence of the sporophyte.
37
1. Which of the following terms explains how a flower’s
pollen can fertilize its own ovules?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cross-pollination
External fertilization
Self-pollination
Internal fertilization
2. What are some known pollinators?
38
1. C. Self-pollination
• 2. Bees, insects, birds,
animals, wind, water etc.
39
What is the process of double
fertilization in Angiosperms?
Pollen + ? = ?
And
2nd Pollen + ? = ?
40
Double Fertilization occurs in all flowers that
produce fruit.
1. Pollen (1N) + Ovule(s) (1N) = Plant embryo / I.e.
a seed (2N)
1. 2nd Pollen (1N) + Polar nuclei (2N) =
Endosperm, a nutrient rich triploid (3N) tissue
which is the “fruit”
41
Name 5 diseases/illnesses caused by
viruses!
42
Viruses include:
In Plants:
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus
In Animals:
• Rabies
• Foot and Mouth disease
Serious human diseases such as:
• Hepatitis, polio, influenza, AIDS and SARS.
• Virus comes from the latin word for poison.
• Others: smallpox, yellowfever, chicken pox, measles and
mumps, HIV, west nile, ebola
43
What is a bacteriophage?
What do they look like?
What are they made out of?
44
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria.
It looks like a lunar landing pod / spider / alien
It is DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
45
Immunizations only work for certain
viruses. Which types of viruses do
vaccines usually not work for? Explain
your answer.
46
Immunizations work for viruses with nonvarying proteins on the surface. These
viruses have DNA rather than RNA.
Note: Viruses with RNA are more likely to
mutate and change, and therefore are hard to
immunize against. Or the immunization has to
change yearly as in the flu-shot.
47
Explain what type of Cycle
is going on in this diagram.
What type of illness uses this
type of cycle in humans?
48
This is the Lytic cycle of a virus.
The virus reproduces itself using the host
cell’s chemical machinery.
The symptoms occur suddenly as there is
no dormant phase.
E.g) Cold and Flu Virus (attacks respiratory
track)
49
Explain what cycle is
seen in this diagram.
Explain what happens
along the way.
What type of viral
illness/disease in
humans have this sort
of cycle?
50
Lysogenic Cycle: The cycle that includes a
dormant phase. Once inside the host cell, some
viruses such as herpes and HIV (attacks T-cells of
immune system), do not reproduce right away.
They mix their genetic instructions into the host
cell’s DNA. When the host cell reproduces, the
viral info does as well.
Then some environmental (e.g. stress) or genetic
signal will stir the “sleeping” viral instructions.
51