Collaborative Design & Development
of Petroleum Sector Performance
Indicators (PSI)
A research project of the National Commission on Energy Policy (NCEP)
(January 2007)
PSI Purpose & Objectives
• Find common language for
policy debate
• Create capacity for factbased discourse
• Integrate multiple and
disparate data sources
• Reflect multiplicity of
dimensions: supply,
demand, efficiency, trade,
prices, carbon emissions
• Find key measures of
sector performance
• Provide perspective:
–
–
–
–
For U.S. and World
Reserves & production
GDP and economics
Structure of markets
• Track transportation sector
performance: fuels &
alternatives
PSI Drivers
– Undefined political terminology:
• ‘energy independence” “oil addiction”
– Inadequate measures of performance:
• “reduce imports from volatile Middle-east”
– Highly complex market structure
• Physical trade a fraction of total trade
– Dispersed and variably accessible data:
• EIA, IEA, private industry
– Fragmented and non-comparable data:
• On global fuel economy, alternative vehicles and fuels
Roots of Energy Independence Policies
• “Let us unite in a major new endeavor that in this
bicentennial era we can appropriately call ‘Project
Independence.” Richard M. Nixon, 7 November 1973
• “We must wage a simultaneous three-front campaign against recession,
inflation and energy dependence.” Gerald Ford, 13 January 1975
• “Our decision about energy will test the character of the American
people, and the ability of the President to govern this nation. This effort
will b the moral equivalent of war.” Jimmy Carter, 18 April 1977
Supply
• Over 100 nations produce oil
• Over 80 nations export oil
• Estimates of NOC-controlled proved reserves
range from 60% to 90%
• Surplus world production capacity in 2006
remains exclusive to Saudi Arabia
World Energy Production
Quadrillion BTU
400
Other
Hydro
Nuclear
1%
6%
6%
3%
Natural Gas Liquids
300
36%
Crude Oil
200
24%
Natural Gas
100
24%
Coal
0
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 2003
Global Proved Reserves
(Top 30 = 1.2 Trillion Barrels)
Exxon/Mobil
1.0%
Europe NOCs
1.0%
BP
0.9%
Chevron
0.9%
ConocoPhillips
0.6%
Shell
0.5%
Asia NOCs
2.1%
Africa NOCs
6.6%
Russia NOCs
6.8%
Investor owned oil
reserves are roughly
4% of global total
Saudi Arabia
25.0%
Latin America NOCs
9.8%
Oman
0.3%
Qatar
1.4%
Iran
13.1%
UAE
9.3%
Kuwait
9.7%
Iraq
10.9%
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2006.
http://www.bp.com/productlanding.do?categoryId=6842&contentId=7021390
World Crude Oil Production
90
80
Million Barrels per Day
Other
70
Russia
60
Asia
50
South America
Canada/Mexico
40
United States
30
Europe
Africa
20
Persian Gulf
10
1970
Note: Includes condensates.
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Source: EIA International Petroleum Monthly, World Oil Production.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/ipm/supply.html
World Crude Oil Production
(2005 World Total=78.3 MMB/D)
Egypt
1%
India
1%
Ecuador
1%
Colombia
1%
Australia
1%
Syria
0%
Gabon
0%
Argentina
Malaysia 1%
1%
Other
8%
Saudi Arabia
12%
Oman
1%
Qatar
1%
Indonesia
1%
Angola
2%
Russia
12%
Libya
Brazil 2%
2%
States
7%
UK
2%
Algeria
2%
North Sea
6%
Iraq
2%
UAE
3%
Canada
3%
Kuwait
3%
Venezuela
3%
Nigeria
Norway
3%
3%
Mexico
4%
China
5%
Iran
5%
Note: Includes condensates.
Source: EIA International Energy Outlook, 2006
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/oilproduction.html
World Oil Surplus Production Capacity
6.0
Million Barrels per Day
5.0
4.0
Other OPEC
Iran
3.0
Venezuela
Kuwait
2.0
United Arab Emirates
Iraq
1.0
Saudi Arabia
0.0
Source: EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook, September 2006
U.S. Crude Oil Production and
Campbell’s Forecasts of Production
7,000
Actual
6,000
5,000
1996 Forecast
4,000
1991 Forecast
3,000
2,000
1,000
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
Thousand Barrels/Day
8,000
Source: USGS, McCabe, 2005
World Crude Oil Replenishment
1189
Billion Barrels
1,200
949
1,000
800
600
U.S.
400
World
200
21
68
155
29
0
1947 Reserves
1948-04
Production
2005 Reserves
Source: EIA Petroleum Navigator, Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Proved Reserves;
University of Texas-Austin, Center for Energy Economics.
World Crude Oil Distillation Capacity
Million Barrels per Day
90
80
China
70
India
60
Asia & Oceania
50
Eurasia
Middle East
40
Africa
30
Central & South America
20
Europe
10
North America
0
Source: EIA International Energy Annual, World Petroleum Data.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iea2004/table36.xls
World Crude Oil Distillation Capacity
(2006)
Australia
1%
Thailand
1%
Egypt
Turkey
1%
1%
United Arab
Emirates
1%
Belgium
1%
Ukraine
1%
Kuwait
1%
All Other
18%
United States
20%
China
7%
Indonesia
1%
Taiwan
1%
Netherlands
1%
Russia
6%
Japan
5%
Spain
1%
India Italy
3% 3%
Venezuela
2% Singapore
2%
Iran
2%
Mexico
2%
Brazil
2%
United Kingdom France
2%
2%
Korea, South
3%
Germany
3%
Saudi Arabia
Canada 2%
2%
Source: EIA International Energy Annual, World Petroleum Data.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iea2004/table36.xls
Oil Consumption
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
World consumption: 84 million barrels/day
U.S. consumption: 21 million barrels/day
U.S. oil expenditures: ~$800 billion/year
U.S. oil expenditures: 3% of GDP
Global trade in oil: ~50 million barrels/day
Value of U.S. imports: ~$250 billion/year
U.S. oil imports: ~34% of trade imbalance
Million Barrels per Day
World Crude Oil Consumption
90
India
80
China
70
Asia & Oceania Ex
China, India
Africa
60
50
Eurasia
40
20
Central & South
America
Middle East
10
Europe
30
0
North America
Sources: 1970-1979: Energy Information Administration, International
Energy Database; 1980-2004: EIA International Petroleum Monthly
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table12.xls
Crude Oil Trade Movements
(Imports)
60
Million Barrels per Day
50
Rest of World
40
Europe
USA
30
Japan
20
10
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2006.
http://www.bp.com/productlanding.do?categoryId=6842&contentId=7021390
Crude Oil Trade Movements
(Exports)
60
USA
50
Million Barrels per Day
Rest of World
Europe*
40
Mexico
Canada
Asia Pacific
30
North Africa
West Africa
South & Central America
20
Former Soviet Union
Middle East
10
0
1980
1985
* - European export data not available prior to 1993.
1990
1995
2000
2005
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2006.
http://www.bp.com/productlanding.do?categoryId=6842&contentId=7021390
Petroleum Imports
• U.S. imports: 13.7 million barrels/day
• U.S. imports rose by 2.2 million barrels/day
between 2002 and 2005
• In same period, Chinese imports rose by 1.8
million barrels/day, and
• Indian imports rose by 0.45 million
barrels/day
U.S. Dependence on Oil Imports
(As Percentage of Total Oil Consumption)
Nixon Administration (1974)
Ford Administration (1976)
Carter Administration (1980)
Reagan Administration (1988)
Bush Administration (1992)
Clinton Administration (2000)
Bush Administration (2005)
37%
42%
41%
43%
46%
58%
66%
Sources: EIA Petroleum Navigator, U.S. Total Crude Oil and Products Imports:
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/xls/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_ep00_im0_mbblpd_a.xls;
EIA Petroleum Navigator, U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/xls/pet_cons_psup_dc_nus_mbblpd_a.xls.
U.S. Oil Imports by Source
(2005)
Indonesia
Libya
Qatar
0%
UAE
0%
0%
0% All Other Non-OPEC
11%
Argentina
Netherlands
1%
Colombia
Canada
1%
16%
Brazil
1%
1%
Norway
2%
Kuwait
2%
Mexico
Ecuador
12%
2%
U.S. Virgin Islands
2%
United Kingdom
3%
Russia
3%
Angola
3%
Saudi Arabia
11%
Algeria
3%
Iraq
4%
Nigeria
8%
Venezuela
11%
Source: U.S. Imports by Country of Origin, EIA Petroleum Navigator
U.S. Oil Imports by Source
16.0
Eurasia
Million Barrels per Day
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
Asia & Oceania
Africa
Middle East
6.0
4.0
Central & South
America
2.0
North America
0.0
Europe
Source: EIA Petroleum Navigator, U.S. Imports by Country of Origin,
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_ep00_im0_mbblpd_a.htm
U.S. Petroleum Product Imports by
Source
4.0
Million Barrels per Day
3.5
Eurasia
3.0
Asia & Oceania
2.5
Europe
2.0
North America
Central & South America
1.5
Africa
1.0
Middle East
0.5
0.0
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Source: EIA Petroleum Navigator, U.S. Petroleum Products Imports by Country of Origin,
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/xls/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_EPP0_im0_mbblpd_a.xls
Million Barrels per Day
U.S. Imports of Petroleum Products by
Type
4.0
Asphalt and Road Oil
3.5
Jet Fuel
3.0
2.5
Liquified Petroleum Gases
Other Products
2.0
Residual Fuel Oil
1.5
Unfinished Oils
1.0
0.5
Motor Gasoline Blending
Components
Motor Gasoline
0.0
Distillate Fuel Oil
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Petroleum Imports by Type,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/stb0503.xls
Petroleum Trade Values
•
•
•
•
Global Trade in oil: ~50 million barrels/day
Value of global trade: ~$1 trillion/year
Value of U.S. oil trade: $250 billion
Oil share of U.S. trade imbalance: 34%
U.S. Import and Export Trade Values
1,800
1,600
Billion Nominal Dollars
1,400
1,200
Petroleum Exports
1,000
Petroleum Imports
Total Merchandise Exports
800
Total Merchandise Imports
600
400
200
0
1974
1980
1986
1992
Note: Petroleum includes crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied
propane and butane, and other mineral fuels.
1998
2004
Source: EIA Monthly Energy Review, Merchandise Trade Value.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html
U.S. Trade Balances
100
0
Billion Nominal Dollars
-100
-200
Petroleum Balance
-300
Non-Energy Balance
-400
Total Merchandise
Balance
-500
-600
-700
-800
1974
1980
1986
Note: Petroleum includes crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied
propane and butane, and other mineral fuels.
1992
1998
2004
Source: EIA Monthly Energy Review, Merchandise Trade Value.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html
1.40
10%
1.20
9%
8%
1.00
7%
6%
5%
0.80
0.60
4%
3%
0.40
2%
1%
0.20
0.00
1970
Percent of GDP
Billion 2000$ / Day
U.S. Oil Expenditures
0%
1975
1980
Oil Expenditures
1985
1990
1995
2000
Oil Expenditures as % of GDP
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2005
Gasoline Share of Total U.S.
Consumption Expenditures
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
Source: NIPA
Intensity of Oil Consumption
• U.S. oil consumption per unit of GDP declined by
42% between 1980 and 2004
• EU-15 oil consumption/GDP declined by 39% in
the same period
• U.S. per capita oil consumption decreased by 5.5%
between 1980 and 2004
• EU-15 per capital oil consumption decreased by
4.2% in the same period
• Total U.S. oil consumption increased by 22%
between 1980 and 2004
U.S. and EU-15 Oil Consumption
per unit GDP and per Capita
30
1.4
Barrels / Person
1.0
20
0.8
15
0.6
10
0.4
5
Barrels / Thousand 2000$
1.2
25
EU15 Per Capita Oil
Consumption
U.S. Per Capita Oil
Consumption
EU15 Oil Intensity
U.S. Oil Intensity
0.2
0
0.0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Sources: EIA International Energy Annual 2004, http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table12.xls; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, Population Division, International Programs Center, International Data Base, April 26, 2005; International Energy Agency, Energy Balances of OECD
Countries, 2006 Edition.
U.S. Oil Consumption and Oil Intensity
per unit GDP
25
1.2
20
1.0
0.8
15
0.6
10
0.4
5
0.2
0.0
Million Barrels per Day
Barrels / Thousand 2000$
1.4
0
1980
1988
U.S. Oil Intensity
1996
2004
U.S. Crude Oil Consumption
Sources: EIA International Energy Annual 2004, http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table12.xls; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, Population Division, International Programs Center, International Data Base, April 26, 2005; International Energy Agency, Energy Balances of OECD
Countries, 2006 Edition; EIA International Petroleum Monthly http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table12.xls.
Strategic & Commercial Stocks
• OECD government-controlled emergency oil
stocks: 1.5 billion barrels
• OECD commercial stocks held for strategic
purposes: 2.7 billion barrels
• U.S. strategic petroleum reserve: 688 million
barrels
• U.S. heating oil reserve: 2.0 million barrels
World Crude Oil Strategic Stocks
(Government Controlled)
4,500
4,000
Millions of Barrels
3,500
3,000
Germany
Other OECD Europe
2,500
2,000
United States
South Korea*
France
1,500
Japan
1,000
500
0
* Data prior to 1984 not available.
** As of July 2006.
Source: EIA International Petroleum (Oil) Stocks Data
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/merquery/mer_data.asp?table=T11.03
Million Barrels
World Crude Oil Strategic Stocks
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
United
States
France
Germany
Government-Controlled
Other
OECD
Europe
Industry
Japan
South
Korea
China
India
Planned Capacity Expansion
Source: EIA International Petroleum (Oil) Stocks Data; Medley Global Advisors Oil Brief “China: Stealth SPR Build,” 10/26/2006; Alexander’s Gas and Oil
Connections “India to Build up Storage of Crude Oil” 9/21/2004.
U.S. Total Oil Stocks & Strategic
Petroleum Reserves
1,600
1,400
Million Barrels
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
Commercial Oil Stocks
Strategic Home Heating Oil Reserves
1990
1995
2000
2005
Strategic Petroleum Reserves
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Review 2005 and
http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves/heatingoil/index.html
Oil Markets & Prices
• Trade in oil is global and integrated
• Physical & financial markets:
– Global transactions valued at ~$2.5 trillion/year
• Physical transactions: ~$167 billion
• Futures transactions: ~$299 billion
• Over the Counter (OTC) transactions 3-5 fold
larger than physical/futures trade
World Petroleum Market Structure
Asia
Europe/Africa
Americas
Partials
Tapis
Saudi
Grades
Nymex
WTI
Spot
WTI
Argentina
Brazil
Columbia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela
ICE
WTI
Spot
Mars
ICE
Brent
Forward
Brent
Dated
Brent
East
Coast
Canadian
Partials
Brent
Spot
LLS
OTC
Term
Minas
Partials
Dubai
UAE
Grades
Spot
Dubai
Nigerian,
Angolan
Grades
Futures
Term
Tapis
Saudi
Grades
P Plus
WTI
Canadian
Grades
Australian
Grades
Mexican
Grades
Egyptian
Grades
Oman
Dubai
Avg.
Indonesian
Grades
Iranian
Grades
Kuwaiti
Grades
Saudi
Grades
Yemeni
Grades
Libyan,
Syrian,
Iranian,
Algerian
Grades
Mexican
Grades
Chinese,
Vietnamese
Grades
Spot
Urals
Saudi
Grades
Qatari
Grades
Physical
Definitions: ICE – Intercontinental Exchange; OTC – Over the counter; WTI – West Texas Intermediate;
Partials – an artificial unit of 25,000 barrels of Oman and Dubai crude; Dated Brent – cargoes with specific
loading dates; TAPIS – a crude oil field in Malaysia that serves the same trading purpose as WTI.
Source: ESAI
Physical and Financial Oil Markets
(ESAI)
$2,500
$2,000
$Billion
$1,500
Total physical crude
Total futures WTI crude
$1,000
Notional OTC Trade
$500
$-
Source: ESAI
U.S. Crude Oil Prices
60
Dollars per Barrel
50
40
Nominal
30
2005 Dollars
20
10
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2005, Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices.
Gasoline and Ethanol Wholesale Prices,
January 2000 – September 2005
$3.00
Dollars per Gallon
$2.50
$2.00
Ethanol
$1.50
No-Lead
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
Jan 2000
Jan 2001
Jan 2002
Jan 2003
Jan 2004
Jan 2005
Source: Axxis/ACE
Transportation sector
• Oil consumption
– U.S. per capita consumption tracks fuel economy
– U.S. per capita consumption nearly double EU-15 per
capita consumption
• U.S. on-road fuel economy largely unchanged since
1981
• Alternative fuels capability
– U.S. AFV fleet approaching 600,000 units
– U.S. ethanol production capacity ~ 3.9 billion gallons
U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
Trillion BTU
Transportation
Industrial
25,000
Commercial
20,000
Residential
Electric Power
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005P
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Energy Consumption by Sector
Transport as Share of Oil Consumption
(2003)
Australia/New Zealand,
75%
U.S., 67%
OECD Europe, 56%
Brazil, 53%
Africa, 53%
Canada, 51%
Other Non-OECD Asia,
50%
Mexico, 49%
Other Central and South
America, 47%
Other Non-OECD Europe
and Eurasia, 41%
Russia, 40%
South Korea, 40%
Middle East, 39%
Japan, 38%
China, 36%
India, 29%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook 2006
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/ieosector.html
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
Fuel Economy (MPG)
Barrels / Person
U.S. - EU-15 Actual On-Road New
Vehicle Fuel Economy and Per Capita
Oil Consumption
U.S. Oil Consumption per
Capita (Barrels per Year)
EU-15 Oil Consumption
per Capita (Barrels per
Year)
U.S. On Road Fuel
Economy (MPG)
Source: EIA
MPG - Converted to CAFÉ Test Cycle
Comparison of Projected Fuel Economy
Standards
60
55
Japan
50
EU
45
40
35
Australia
Canada
China
30
25
U.S.
20
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
Adapted from An and Sauer, Comparison of Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards Around the World. Pew Center on
Global Climate Change, December 2004.
Gallons of Gasoline Consumed per
Vehicle
U.S. Annual Gasoline Consumption per
Passenger Vehicle
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Note: Data includes gasoline consumed by Motorcycles,
Passenger Vehicles, and Other 2-Axle 4-Tire Vehicles.
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/summary95/index.html, as of July 28, 2000, table VM-201A. 1995-2004:
BTS National Transportation Statistics, Fuel Consumption by Mode of Transportation in Physical Units, http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_04_05.html and
http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/excel/table_01_11.xls.
U.S. AFV Fleet Composition
600,000
Number of Vehicles
500,000
LNG
400,000
M85
Electricity
300,000
E85
CNG
200,000
LPG
100,000
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles – EIA,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/aft1-13_03.html.
U.S. Vehicle Fleet and
Fuel Flexible Vehicle Fleet
250
240
Millions of Vehicles
230
220
AFV Vehicles
Non-AFV Vehicles
210
200
190
180
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 P
Source: Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles – EIA,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/aft1-13_03.html; Total U.S. Fleet – USDOT BTS,
http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_11.html.
Ethanol Production Capacity
4.5
4
3.5
Billion Gallons
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Source: Renewable Fuels Association,
http://www.ethanolrfa.org/industry/statistics/#A
World Ethanol Production
16.0
14.0
South America
12.0
Billion Gallons
Africa
North and Central America
10.0
Other
8.0
Asia and Oceania
China
6.0
Europe
Brazil
4.0
United States
2.0
0.0
2004
2005
2006
Source: Renewable Fuels Association, Ethanol Industry Outlook 2005-2007.
U.S. Motor Gasoline Consumption
Ethanol Production Capacity
160
140
Billion Gallons
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1980
1985
1990
Motor Gasoline Consumption
1995
2000
2005P
Ethanol Production
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/ptb0513c.html
Petroleum Sector Emissions
• Petroleum sector SOx emissions: 2.2 Million
Short Tons
• Petroleum sector NOx emissions: 9.7 Million
Short Tons
• Petroleum sector CO2 emissions: 2.6 Billion
Metric Tons
• Transportation sector CO2 emissions: 1.9
Billion Metric Tons
Source: EIA Environmental Indicators, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/ptb1203.html and
EPA National Emissions Inventory, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/
U.S. CO2 Emissions from Oil
100%
90%
2.50
80%
70%
2.00
60%
50%
1.50
40%
1.00
30%
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
CO2 Emissions from Oil
CO2 Emissions from Transportation Sector Oil Use
Percent of Total U.S. Energy CO2 Emissions
Sources: EIA, International Petroleum (Oil) Consumption http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/oilconsumption.html;
EIA, Environment http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/excel/historical_co2.xls
2004
Share of Total CO2 Emissions
Billion Metric Tons CO2 / Year
3.00
PSI Development
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DOE/EIA
CATO
Brookings Institution
National Defense University
Harvard/JFK School
Stanford University
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Columbia University
Duke University
Johns Hopkins University/SAIS
Council on Foreign Relations
•
•
•
•
•
•
World Resources Institute
University of Texas-Austin/CEE
Resources for the Future
International Monetary Fund
CSIS
Institute for International
Economics
• Colorado School of Mines
• Rand Corporation
• University of
California/Berkeley
Contact Information
Vito Stagliano
David Rosner
National Commission on Energy Policy
1250 “I” St., NW Suite 350
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: 202-637-0400
vstagliano@energycommission.org
drosner@energycommission.org
www.energycommission.org