Evaluation by ISTAT-Italian Statistical Institute on the list
of indicators of 11 August 2015 (no consultation with
Ministries and Agencies)
Goal 1
Target 1,3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including
floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.
Indicator
Percentage of population covered by social protection floors/systems, disaggregated by sex, composed of
the following : a) Percentage of older persons receiving a pension; b) Percentage of households with
children receiving child support; c) Percentage of working-age persons without jobs receiving support;
d)Percentage of persons with disabilities receiving benefits; e) Percentage women receiving maternity
benefits at child birth; f)Percentage of workers covered against occupational injuries; and g) Percentage
of poor and vulnerable people receiving benefits
Comment:
We agree to maintain this indicator including a number of different measures
which cannot be aggregated into a unique index (too heterogeneous). The
single measures are important, however some of them should be better
specified (for example are we considering only monetary transfers, or other
types of support? The categories of people should be clarified: who are
exactly the poor, the vulnerable, the children…
Target 1,4 By 2030 ensure that all men and women, particularly the poor and the vulnerable, have
equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership, and control over land
and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology, and financial
services including microfinance.
Indicator
Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
Comment:
We agree to maintain, but still "basic services" should be better defined
Target 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through
enhanced development cooperation to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries,
in particular LDCs, to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions.
Indicator
1
Share of total overall government spending (included subnational) on programs directed to bottom 40%
of population in the country (%)
Comment:
high relevance with respect to reduction of poverty less with respect to
international cooperation
Goal 2
Target 2,1 By 2030 end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in
vulnerable situations including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
Indicator
Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU)
Comment:
not clear definition
Target 2,4 By 2030 ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural
practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen
capacity for adaption to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters, and that
progressively improve land and soil quality.
Indicator
Percentage of agricultural area under sustainable agricultural practices
Comment:
not clear definition of sustainable agricultural practices
Target 2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural
infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development, and plant and
livestock gene banks to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular in
least developed countries.
Indicator
The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditures
Comment:
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not clear definition
Target 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their
derivatives, and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to
help limit extreme food price volatility.
Indicator
Indicator of (food) Price Anomalies (IPA) ( CBB )
Comment:
not clear definition
Goal 3
Target 3,1 By 2030 reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
Indicator
Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Comment:
Official statistics on maternal deaths from the national mortality register on
causes of death (Italian National Institute of Statistics) refer to deaths due
to conditions related to or aggravated by the pregnancy, childbirth or by the
puerperium and are underestimated (as well as for all other countries).
Actually the death certificate is not the instrument to use for measuring
maternal mortality. Maternal deaths refer to those deaths occurring during
pregnancy and/or before the 42nd day of delivery. A national surveillance
system on maternal mortality is an on-going project lead by the Italian
National Institute of Health (ISS). Actually the ISS is the focal point for WHO
for the estimation of maternal deaths
Target 3,5 Strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and
harmful use of alcohol.
Indicator
Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare
services) for substance use disorders
Comment:
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relevant , but it would be better to have data on type of services and number
of people served
Target 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, particularly developing countries, for early warning,
risk reduction, and management of national and global health risks.
Indicator
Percentage of attributes of 13 core capacities that have been attained at a specific point in time
Comment:
not measurable and not fit with the target
Goal 4
Target 4,1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and
secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
Indicator
Percentage of children/young people at the end of each level of education achieving at least a minimum
proficiency level in (a) reading and (b) mathematics. Disaggregations: sex, location, wealth (and others
where data are available)
Comment:
At the moment, at least for OECD countries only PISA survey collects data on
proficiency in (a) reading and (b) mathematics but only for people 15 years
old.
In Italy, the suggested indicator could be estimated trough INVALSI
evaluation survey only by sex and geographical area.
Target 4,2 By 2030 ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development,
care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
Indicator
Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and
psychosocial well-being
Comment:
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It is too generic and not particularly appropriate for the target
Goal 5
Target 5,2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spheres,
including trafficking and sexual and other types of expoitation
Indicator
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) subjected to physical and/or sexual violence
by a current or former intimate partner, in the last 12 months
Proportion of women and girls (aged 15-49) subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an
intimate partner, since age 15.
Comment:
For both indicators we agree to maintain but we prefer to extend the age
limit over 49 years old, as expressed by UNFPA
Target 5,6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights in
accordance with the Programme of Action of the ICPD and the Beijing Platform for Action and the
outcome documents of their review conferences.
Indicator
[Proportion (%) of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee all women and adolescents access
to sexual and reproductive health services, information and education (official records)
Comment:
relevant, but it would be better to know real access and type of services
Goal 6
Target 6,1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
Indicator
5
Average weekly time spent in water collection (including waiting time at public supply points), by sex,
age, location and income.
Comment:
for developed countries it would be better to know the % of families without
freshwater at home
Target 6,4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable
withdrawls and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity, and substantially reduce the number of
people suffering from water scarcity.
Indicator
Percentage change in water use efficiency over time.
Comment:
The target is composed by 3 parts: a. substantially increase water-use
efficiency…; b. ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to
address water scarcity; c. substantially reduce the number of people
suffering from water scarcity. The first is only one conditions enabling the 2
others (mainly on water scarcity). Therefore this indicator is not suitable for
the all target, but only for the first component.
Goal 7
Non relevant observations
Goal 8
Target 8,3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job
creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage formalization and growth of micro-,
small- and medium-sized enterprises including through access to financial services.
Indicator
Share of informal employment in non-agriculture employment by sex.
Comment:
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It would be better to find other indicators
Target 8,7 Take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the
worst forms of child labour, eradicate forced labour, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
including recruitment and use of child soldiers.
Indicator
Percentage and number of children aged 5-17 years engaged in child labour, per sex and age group
(disaggregated by the worst forms of child labour)
Comment:
We agree to maintain the indicator, but a clear definition of child labor
should be provided. Besides, it is very difficult to measure
Target 8,8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers,
including migrant workers, particularly women migrants, and those in precarious employment.
Indicator
Frequency rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries and time lost due to occupational injuries by
gender and migrant status
Comment:
We agree to maintain the indicator, but we suggest to use only frequencies,
because the time lost due to occupational injuries is not particularly relevant
and very difficult to estimate
Target 8,9 By 2030 devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism which creates jobs,
promotes local culture and products.
Indicator
Tourism direct GDP (as % of total GDP and in growth rate); and Number of jobs in tourism industries (as
% total jobs and growth rate of jobs, by gender)
Comment:
Indicator “Tourism direct GDP (as % of Gdp and g.r.) and number of jobs in
tourism industries”
The judgement about the feasibility of the estimate based on TSA seems too
optimistic; for instance in the Eu the compilation of TSA concerns few
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countries, is experimental and is not regular. At any rate those indicators are
measures of the impact of tourism, but do not identify any specific element of
sustainability concerning the promotion of local culture and products or
environmental sustainability.
Target 8.b By 2020 develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement
the ILO Global Jobs Pact.
Indicator
Total government spending in social protection and employment programmes as percentage of the
national budgets and GDP and collective bargaining rates
Comment:
There is no reason to bundle together “spending in social protection and
employment programs” with “collective bargaining rates”; those are
completely independent measures corresponding to two separate headings.
Moreover, the former is only loosely relevant with respect to the target
“develop a global strategy for youth employment”. We propose to keep only
the “collective bargaining rates” as indicator related to Implement the global
jobs pact of the ILO.
Goal 9
Target 9,4 By 2030 upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with
increased resource use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentall sound technologies
and industrial processes, all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.
Indicator
Carbon emission per unit of value added
Comment:
partial relevance of this indicator with respect to “resource-use efficiency”
Target 9,5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all
countries, particularly developing countries, including by 2030 encouraging innovation and increasing the
number of R&D workers per one million people by X% and public and private R&D spending.
Indicator
R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP
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Comment:
partial relevance of this indicator with respect to all aspects of this target
Target 9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through
enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS
Indicator
Amount of investments in infrastructure as a % of GDP
Comment:
The indicator can be accepted but needs a clear definition of what is included
in the definition of infrastructure. However the reference as source to
“Central bank data” seems inaccurate, as the possible source is rather NSI
data based on elaboration of SNA accounts; in turn, what is the meaning of
the reference if data are “not available for international reporting”?.
Target 9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries
including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for inter alia industrial diversification and value
addition to commodities.
Indicator
Percentage share of medium and high-tech (MHT) industry value added in total value added
Comment:
partial relevance of this indicator , because it is not useful for measuring
industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
Goal 10
Target 10,1 By 2030 progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40% of the
population at a rate higher than the national average.
Indicator
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 percent of the
population and the total population
Comment:
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The indicator should be referred to equivalent expenditure/income
Target 10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all
irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.
Indicator
Proportion of people living below 50% of median income disaggregated by age and sex
Comment:
we agree to maintain this indicator and it could be also included in the goal 1
on poverty measurement
Target 10,4 Adopt policies especially fiscal, wage, and social protection policies and progressively
achieve greater equality.
Indicator
Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers.
Comment:
it is not relevant for this target because there is not a direct relation between
the level of labour share and greater equality
Target 10,5 Improve regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and
strengthen implementation of such regulations.
Indicator
Adoption of a financial transaction tax (Tobin tax) at a world level
Comment:
We agree to maintain this indicator, but it should be changed in “whether or
not the country adopted Tobin tax”
Target 10,7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including
through implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.
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Indicator 1
Recruitment cost born by employee as percentage of yearly income earned in country of destination
Comment:
The sub-indicator “recruitment cost born by employees” is difficult to be
measured and above all bad-suited with respect to measuring the target, as
the costs of recruitment cost are not related to the nationality of the person
to be hired and even less to the nature of migration policies. We propose to
cancel this indicator.
Indicator 2
Number of detected and non-detected victims of human trafficking per 100,000; by sex, age and form of
exploitation
Comment:
In the third sub-indicator the reference to “non-detected victims” must be
cancelled as measuring non detected phenomena of criminal nature is highly
uncertain and subject to overwhelming discretionality.
Goal 11
Target 11,4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage.
Indicator
Share of national (or municipal) budget which is dedicated to preservation, protection and conservation
of national cultural natural heritage including World Heritage sites
Comment:
We agree to maintain the indicator even if should be better to split natural
capital and cultural heritage as two different indicators
Target 11,7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public
spaces, particularly for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.
Indicator
The average share of the built-up areas of cities in open space in public ownership and use
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Comment:
It is necessary to have a clear definition
Target 11.b By 2020, increase by X% the number of cities and human settlements adopting and
implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and
adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, develop and implement in link with the forthcoming
Hyogo Framework holistic disaster risk management at all levels.
Indicator
Percentage of cities implementing risk reduction and resilience policies that include vulnerable and
marginalized groups.
Comment:
It is necessary to have a clear definition
Goal 12
Target 12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable
tourism which creates jobs, promotes local culture and products.
Indicator
Residual flows generated as a result of tourism direct GDP (derived from an extended version of the
System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) for tourism)
Comment:
relevant but difficult to measure
Goal 13
About this goal, we highlight the absence of most common indicators on
climate change used at international level (e.g. Global anthropogenic GHG
emissions, GHG concentrations, Global surface temperature, GHG emissions
per capita, GHG emissions per GDP…). In particular, we would have expected
some targets on emissions. It is important to stress the need to have GHG
emissions and concentrations as key indicators.
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Target 13,3 Improve education, awareness raising and human and institutional capacity on climate
change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning
Indicator
Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into
primary, secondary and tertiary curricula
Comment:
What does "impact reduction and early warning" mean in the context of
education on climate change?
Target 13.a Implement the commitment undertaken by developed country Parties to the UNFCCC to a
goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of
developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation
and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
Indicator
Mobilized amount of USD per year starting in 2020 accountable towards the USD 100 billion commitment
Comment:
It is necessary to have a clear definition
Goal 14
Target 14.b Provide access of small-scale artisinal fishers to marine resources and markets.
Indicator
Percentage of catches that are subject to a catch documentation scheme or similar traceability system as
a percentage of the total catches that are less than x tons and traded in major markets.
Comment:
It is necessary to have a clear definition
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Goal 16
Target 16,1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
Indicator
Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 people (disaggregated by age, sex and cause)
Comment:
We agree to maintain this indicator, but we underline the challenging data
estimation
Target 16,4 By 2030 significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen recovery and return
of stolen assets, and combat all forms of organized crime.
Indicator
Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current US$).
Comment:
We agree to maintain this indicator, but we consider very difficult to produce
data on illicit financial flows; it seems more realistic to estimate the
economic value of illicit economy, i.e. related to criminal activities. We
suggest to consider indicators that measure the degree of “success” of the
police with respect to criminal organizations .
Target 16,6 Develop effecitve, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels.
Indicator
Primary government expenditures as a percentage of original approved budget
Comment:
Partial relevance of this indicator with respect to the target. This indicator is
better for measuring the efficiency of the budget policy and less for
“accountable and transparent institutions”
Target 16,7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels.
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Indicator
Proportions of positions (by age, sex, disability and population groups) in public institutions (national and
local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions.
Comment:
It is necessary to have a clear definition
Target 16.b Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development.
Indicator
Percentage of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed within the last
12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law.
Disaggregate by age, sex, region and population group
Comment:
We propose to simplify as the UNODC proposal [Proportion of population who
report experiences of discrimination in the previous 12 months]
Goal 17
Target 17,3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
Indicator
Total Capital Inflow (TCI)
Comment:
This indicator is a broad measure and with limited relevance for the target
that has very different components
Target 17,4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated
policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address
the external debt of high indebted poor countries (HIPC) to reduce debt distress
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Indicator
Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
Comment:
This indicator is a broad measure and with limited relevance for the target
that has very different components
Target 17,5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for LDCs
Indicator
Number of national & investment policy reforms adopted that incorporate sustainable development
objectives or safeguards x country
Comment:
This indicator is partially relevant for measuring the target, where
sustainability is the main aspect
Target 17,13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability including through policy coordination and policy
coherence
Indicator
GDP
Comment:
The suggested indicator should read “Gdp growth rate”, as Gdp levels are by
definition not comparable and do not convey any specific information on
macroeconomic stability. If the focus is on income levels the indicator could
be per-capita Gdp in PPP.
Target 17,17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships,
building on experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
Indicator
mount of US$ committed to public-private partnerships
Comment:
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The suggested indicator must be made relative to the size of the Country as
the amount in US$ alone is not meaningful; could be calculated as a ratio to
the investment of the Government sector.
Target 17,18 By 2020, enhance capacity building support to developing countries, including for LDCs
and SIDS, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated
by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location, and other
characteristics relevant in national contexts.
Indicator
Proportion of sustainable development indicators with full disaggregation produced at the national level.
Comment:
it should be better defined
Target 17,19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable
development that complement GDP, and support statistical capacity building in developing countries.
Indicator
Inclusive Wealth Index
Comment:
this indicator is very controversial because it uses monetary measure for all
aggregates, even for non-market activities (leisure time, unpaid domestic
work, losses due to environmental degradation etc.). It is a revised GDP
measure, instead of beyond GDP measure.
with the proposed indicators there is no mention to the progress or wellbeing
measures which are being developed in several countries and in
International Organizations such as the framework of OECD, UNECE, and
Eurostat.
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