Revise Lecture 9
Revise Lecture 9
Q1: What is capital market?
Revise Lecture 9
Q2: What is primary and secondary markets?
Revise Lecture 9
Q3: What is IPOs?
Revise Lecture 9
• Q4: What is Underwriter means?
Revise Lecture 9
Q5: What is the difference between Retail
banking and Merchant banking?
Revise Lecture 9
Q6: Four names of merchant banks?
Lecture 10
• Capital Market Instruments
Capital Market Instruments
• If a company needs to raise funds for the longterm, it can access the capital markets.
• The following are the different types of capital
market instruments;
Capital Market Instruments
1. Bonds
2. Junk Bonds (unsecured)
3. Debentures / Loan notes (secured on an
asset or by covenants)
4. Preference Shares traded on the main stock
market
5. Shares in Alternative investment market AIM
Capital Market Instruments
Bonds:
• A bond is a debt investment with which the
investor loans money to an entity (company or
government) that borrows the funds for a
defined period of time at a specified interest
rate.
Capital Market Instruments
Junk Bond:
• A bond with a credit rating BB or lower issued
for leveraged buyouts and other takeovers by
companies with questionable credit.
• The interest rate is higher in order to
compensate holders for that risk.
• A bond rated usually BB or lower because of
its high default risk. Also known as a Highyield bond.
Capital Market Instruments
Debenture:
• A debenture (also called a note) is an
unsecured corporate bond or a corporate
bond that does not have a certain line of
income or equipment to guarantee repayment
of principal upon the bond’s maturity.
• A debenture is the most common forms of
long-term loan taken by a company.
Capital Market Instruments
Debenture:
• Debentures are medium to long-term debt
instrument used by large companies to obtain
funds.
• A corporation receives an advantage when it
issues debentures because it means that the
company does not have to set aside certain
assets or income in order to guarantee against its
default in paying back the principal at maturity.
Capital Market Instruments
Debenture:
• Debentures are generally freely transferable
by the debenture holder.
• Debenture holders have no voting rights and
the interest given to them is charge against
profit in company’s FS.
Capital Market Instruments
Debenture:
• Where repayment is secured by a charge
overland the document is called a ‘Mortgage’
• Where repayment is secured by a charge
other assets of the company the document is
called ‘Debenture’.
• Where no security is involved, the document
is called ‘Note’ or ‘Unsecured deposit note’.
Capital Market Instruments
Preference Shares:
• Preferential shareholders enjoy a preferential
right over equity shareholders with regards to;
1. Receipt of dividend
2. Receipt of residual funds after liquidation
However, Preferential shareholders do not
have voting rights, they are entitled only to a
fixed dividend
Capital Market Instruments
Alternative Investment Market – AIM
• AIM is a sub-market of the London Stock
Exchange.
• It was founded on the idea of allowing smaller
companies to float shares. Running since 1995, to
replace the unlisted securities market with the
object of allowing small growing companies to
raise capital and have their shares traded in a
market, without the expense of a full market
listing.