Module 17
Learning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Introduction to Learning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
What is learning?
• Change in behavior.
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
• By association.
• Associative learning – linking two events.
• Nature (biological predisposition) and
nurture (appropriate learning).
• Classical conditioning – two stimuli are
linked to anticipate events.
• Operant conditioning – response and reward
(or avoidance of punishment)
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Classical Conditioning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Operant Conditioning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Classical Conditioning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Behaviorists
• John B. Watson
• Ivan Pavlov
• B.F. Skinner
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Pavlov’s Experiments
•
•
•
•
Acquisition
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Pavlov’s Device for Recording Salivation
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Pavlov’s Classic Experiment
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
An
Unexpected
CS
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Idealized Curve of Acquisition,
Extinction, and Spontaneous Recovery
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Generalization
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Review
• What is an unconditioned stimulus?
• What is an unconditioned response?
• Must the conditioned stimulus (remember:
at first is neutral) occur before the
unconditioned stimulus for acquisition to
occur?
• Define learning.
• How might one attempt to cure alcoholism
using classical conditioning?
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Updating Pavlov’s Understanding
• Cognitive Processes
• Biological Predispositions
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Nausea Conditioning Among Cancer Patients
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Pavlov’s Legacy
• Applications of Classical Conditioning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Operant Conditioning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Skinner’s Experiments
• Shaping
• Principles of Reinforcement
– Primary and Conditioned Reinforcers
– Immediate and Delayed Reinforcers
• Reinforcement Schedules
• Punishment
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Updating Skinner’s Understanding
• Cognition and Operant Conditioning
• Biological Predispositions
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Skinner’s Legacy
• Applications of Operant Conditioning
– At School
– At Work
– At Home
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Contrasting Conditioning
Techniques
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Learning by Observation
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Bandura’s Experiments
Exploring in Modules, Module 17
Applications of Observational
Learning
Exploring in Modules, Module 17