Chapter 4
Study Guide
Thermal
Energy
Ways To
Produce Heat
•Thermal energy is the energy of
moving particles in matter
1.) FRICTION- a force that occurs
when one object rubs against another
object
•The more thermal energy something
has, the faster the particles move.
•Thermal energy is produced by many
objects. For example, a toaster
Ex.) rubbing your hands
2.) Electricity- toasters, electric ovens,
hairdryers all use electricity to produce
heat.
•Thermal energy is known as heat.
When an ice cube
melts it gains thermal
energy
Temperature
•Temperature is the measure of how
hot or cold something is
3. Mixing Matter- can a chemical
change. Often when a chemical
change occurs heat is given off
4. Burning fuels- campfires, burning
oils, or natural gases all are used to
produce heat.
•A thermometer is a tool that is used
to measure temperature
•A thermometer is measured in units
called degrees.
*Fahrenheit and Celsius
•The higher the liquid is in the tube the
hotter it is
•The lower the liquid is in the tube the
colder it is
A persons normal body
temperature is 98
degrees. When you are
sick and have a fever you
could have a body
temperature as high as
102 degrees!!!!
Movement of
Heat
Radiation
Radiation is the movement of
energy by waves.
Ex) a lizard gets warm by laying in
the sun.
Dark colors
absorb waves
(get hot fast)
Light colors
reflect waves
(do not get hot
fast)
Convection
Convection is the movement of heat
through liquids and gases
Ex.) heat from a pan warms the air above
it.
Conductors
A conductor is any material that allows
heat to move through it easily .
ex) most metals, glass,
and ceramic
Conductors are used to cook food.
Insulators
Conduction
Conduction is the movement of
heat from one solid to another
when they touch.
An insulator is any material that does not
allow heat to move through it easily.
ex) wood, paper, rubber,
and plastic
Fiberglass is an insulator that is used to
keep houses warmer in the winter.
ex.) a stove heats up a frying pan.
An oven mitt is an insulator. People wear
oven mitts to keep their hands from the
heat of a pan.