Daily Quiz
1)
• What is one particular technique you experimented with in
your narrative?
• Would you use the technique again?
1) Describe a circumstance in which narrative would be an
appropriate genre to communicate a message in writing.
2) Describe a circumstance when narrative would not the
appropriate genre.
4)
• According to the authors, what does “they say” mean?
• What does “I say” mean?
• What do they have to do with one another?
They Say/I Say
We respond to each other (other arguments) in order to
enter an academic conversation.
We do not argue in a vacuum …
we engage with others.
When/How do we use other people’s arguments?
1. We respond to an individual or group’s main claim
(introduction)
The mayor said that we must stay home from school
because it is cold, but I think students should attend school
regardless of the weather.
2. We use someone’s argument to support or clarify our own
(body)
We should attend school regardless of the weather
because missing school has negative effects on children’s
education. New research by Tammy White says that when a
students misses one day of school, they fail to retain a week’s
worth of material.
3. Sometimes we respond to a specific question.
How Do Arguments Work?
Toulmin’s model
Claim: an opinion you can defend/support
Evidence/data/reasons: reasons and examples to support
claim (credible sources and personal life experiences)
Warrant: connects the claim to the evidence (here’s what
they have to do with one another).
Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation
Soto’s essay “The Pie” uses religious
imagery to show that he must experience sin in
order to understand it. For example, he sins by
stealing apple pie specifically. This apple pie
represents the first sin initiated by Adam and
Eve.
Analyzing an Argument Using Toulmin’s Model
Claim: Tom stole the money.
Evidence: Tom was in the house when the
money was stolen.
Make a Claim
1. Claim: I saw a girl on the street.
2. Claim: The author wrote a story.
3. Claim: You can be disobedient to yourself.
Clueless
http://entertainment.time.com/2012/10/22/norebuttals-the-top-10-movie-debatescenes/slide/clueless/
What do you think about your argument?
What is her claim?
What evidence does she use to support it?
What’s missing?
1. Valentine A uses gender stereotypes to target young girls. For
example, the valentine uses physical appearance, light colors, and a
princess image.
2. Valentine B uses gender stereotypes to target young boys. Power is
often considered a male ideal.
3. The valentines have images of superheroes and princesses. These
images would appeal to children more than adults.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
1. What are some claims he is making?
2. What are some reasons he gives? Evidence?
3. Where do you see him give warrants?
4. What is his main claim?
Roles:
- Recorder (door)
- Presenter (window)
- Time and task (board)
- Participation
Moving between Genres
“The Pie” is a narrative essay
Make it an argument-based essay.
- Who/what claim is the speaker responding to?
- What claim is he making?
Write it in the introduction.
- What are his reasons/evidence?
Write them as body paragraphs.
What are the limitations of Toulmin’s model?
Advantages to narrative…
Advantages to argument….
Next Time
 Read Beyond Pro Vs. Con
 Read Gandhi and Non-Violence
 Write an introduction and 2 body paragraphs
to turn your narrative into an argument-based essay.
- Who/what claim are you responding to?
- Turn reflection into a claim and state it in the
introduction
- Write reasons and examples in the body paragraphs