Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Energy
ATP = Adenine Triphosphate
ADP = Adenine Diphosphate
Photosynthesis
_______________________________ is the process used by ___________________ and
other organisms to _______________ light _________________, normally from the
_______________, into ________________ energy that can be used to fuel the organisms'
activities.
In photosynthesis water, _______________________ and ____________________ are
used to make glucose and Oxygen
All of this takes place in the chloroplast
Digging Deeper
Plants ______________ light primarily using the
pigment __________________, which is the
reason that most plants have a
_________________color.
Stages of Photosynthesis
1. ______________ Reactions – need ____________________ and water
2. Light ________________________ (Dark Reactions) no light needed, CO2 is
incorporated through the stomata of the leaf.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Important Structures
Stomata - A ________________ on the underside of
___________ and stem _______________ of a plant
The _____________________ allows for _____________ of
gases for efficient _________________ and
________________ to occur.
1. Thykloids:
2. Grana:
3. Stroma:
Photosynthesis
1. Step One: Light Reactions
a. ________________ is used in order for split
_______________ in the thykloids
b. __________________ – ___________ molecule is split and ____________ is released to the atmosphere
c. Two hydrogen atoms from molecules drive:
i. NADP --> NADPH
ii. ADP --> ATP
d. These two high ___________ molecules go into stage
___________ of photosynthesis
2. Step Two: Light Independent (________________) Reactions
a. Light is not _____________________
b. Takes place in the __________________
c. The high energy __________________ and _________________
that were made in the light _______________ are used to trigger
____________ ______________________________
d. Given the name ______________ _________________ (Calvin
Benson Cycle) BECAUSE IT WILL NOW FIX CARBON DIOXIDE
CHEMICALLY TO FORM GLUCOSE.
e. The enzyme __________________ is an important enzyme in the carbon
______________ process.
3. Factors that Affect ______________
a. ______________ _____________________
i. Low light _____________ photosynthesis. Increased light
increases photosynthesis until it levels off.
b. Stomata Opening
i. When stomata is open, increase in gas exchange, photosynthesis
rate increases
ii. When ______________ are closed, ______________ decreases
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
c. Carbon Dioxide concentration
i. Increased __________ dioxide ________________ increases the rate of
_________________________.
ii. Dark reactions can occur quicker = results in increased ______________________ production
d. Temperature
i. ____________________ temperature for photosynthesis is 2535 degrees Celsius
ii. At very high and low temperatures, __________________
become ________________________ and ______________ or
__________________ the rate of photosynthesis
e. Water – See Stomata
i. When there is a lot of water the stomata are open, when there
is little water the stomata close
Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen; made up of glycolysis, Kreb
Cycle, and electron transport chain
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Process by which _________________ is broken down by cells in order to obtain _____________ energy (ATP)
We get the ___________________ from food. Which molecule is the main source?
Two Types of Respiration
o When Oxygen is used= __________________________ RESPIRATION
o When Oxygen is not used= ___________________________ RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + O2 -->CO2 + H2O +36-38 ATP
How do we generate this energy?
1. Three Steps:
a. Step 1: __________________________
b. Step 2: _________________________________
c. Step 3: _________________________________
(Chemiosmosis)
2. Where does the process happen? (Cellular Respiration)
a. ___________________________  Stage 1
b. ___________________________  Stage 2 & 3
3. Stage 1: Glycolysis - The splitting of glucose
a. ________________ IS BROKEN INTO TWO PARTS TO
EXTRACT _____________________ ENERGY
b. OXYGEN IS NOT REQUIRED FOR THIS STAGE
c. WHERE? CYTOPLASM
d. RESULTS: 2 PYRUVIC ACID (NOT USABLE)
1. 2 ATP (USABLE) *Remember this
2. 2 NADH2 (NOT USABLE)
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
4. Stage 2: ________________________- Cycle
a. GOAL: EXTRACT MORE ENERGY. PYRUVIC
ACID FURTHER BREAKS DOWN
b. WHERE: ______________________________
c. CONDITIONS: _______________ MUST BE
PRESENT
d. RESULTS:
1. 2ATP
2. 4 NADH2 ( UNUSABLE)
3. 1 FADH2 (UNUSABLE)
e. Note: Organisms that do not use oxygen DO
NOT go through stage 2 OR 3 CO2 is released in this stage!!
5. STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN- Oxidative Phosphorylation
a. GOAL: ALL OF NADH2 AND FADH2 ARE ________________________ TO ATP
b. FINALLY HAVE A LOT OF USABLE ENERGY ______ MOLECULES OF ATP
c. WHERE: INNER MITOCHONDRIA MEMBRANE CONDITIONS: ____________________ IS REQUIRED
WHEN _________________ IS NOT PRESENT (_______________________ RESPIRATION): CALLED FERMENTATION
ONLY STAGE 1(GLYCOLYSIS) OCCURS
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GET 2 ATP MOLECULES
GLUCOSE--> 2 LACTIC ACID+ 2 CARBON DIOXIDE + 2 ATP
Or
Glucose --> 2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide+ 2 ATP
SOME BACTERIA AND YEAST GET ENERGY FROM THIS PROCESS
Do we (humans) ever go through anaerobic respiration?
Absolutely - ever hear the phrase "feel the burn?"
When we have high demands for _______________ and
cannot meet that demand (oxygen debt like during
_________________ exercise) our body will also use
_________________ respiration to make ATP.
Results in a buildup of ________________ acid in our muscle
cells - ___________ _______________after working out