HAPPY MONDAY!
Bellwork
C1
computer
• Complete Most Missed Quiz – Taxonomy (10
minutes)
• Quickwrite: What is a virus? How do viruses
make us sick? How are viral infections
treated? Can viral infections be prevented?
Write in 37 words.
•
Unit 8 – Viruses & Microorganisms
Definitions Due Wednesday (2/10/16)
All Parts Due Wednesday (2/17/16)
9. Gram Staining
16. Lyse
1.
Antibiotic
2.
Bacilli Shaped
10. Host
3.
Bacterium
4.
Bacteriophage
5.
Binary Fission
6.
Cocci Shaped
7.
Capsid
8.
Conjugation
11. Human
18.
Immunodeficiency 19.
Virus (HIV)
20.
12. Immunization
21.
13. Influenza
22.
14. Lysogenic Cycle
23.
15. Lytic Cycle
PG 106
17. Microorganism
Parasite
Pathogen
Retrovirus
Spirilla Shaped
Vaccine
Virus
Collect Today
Taxonomy/Cladogram Video MAKEUP Quiz
Assigned
Page 106 – Notecard Definitions (Wednesday)
Chart MAKEUP Quiz (Friday)
Late
Taxonomy & Kingdoms Test Analysis (NO
CREDIT)
Essential Question
PG 108
How do viruses differ from living
organisms?
Standard
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe
viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in
causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) and influenza
Viruses
. Viruses
A. All viruses have one thing in common:
1. They enter living cells and use the
cell to produce more viruses.
I
B. Virus Structure
-A virus is made of:
a) a core of DNA or RNA
b) A virus has either a capsid or an envelope surrounding its genetic
information.
-The capsid allows viral DNA or RNA to enter a host cell.
Envelope
Capsid
Viral components
• Nucleic acids
• DNA or RNA
• Capsid
• Protein
• Envelope
• Lipid
• Spikes
• Used to attach to cell
• ONLY SOME VIRUSES
8
Generalized Structure of Viruses
virions having envelopes = enveloped viruses
virions lacking envelopes = naked viruses
Generalized Structure of Viruses
10
11
Cellular Organisms vs Acellular Particles
Eukaryotic Cell
Virus
Prokaryotic
Cell
Eukaryotic
Nucleus
1 ųm (1000 nm)
C. Virus Specificity
-Viruses are highly specific to the cells they infect
Examples:
1) plant viruses infect plant cells
2) animal viruses infect only certain related species of animals
3) bacterial viruses infect only certain types of bacteria.
So, what about
zombies?
E. Retroviruses
1. Retroviruses are viruses that contain RNA as
their genetic information.
-Retroviruses get their name from the fact
that their genetic information is copied
backward, from RNA to DNA.
2. HIV is the most infamous retrovirus.
AZT is a medication
used to treat HIV by
stopping an enzyme
called reverse
transcriptase
Write this
on your
notes!
HIV and AIDS
F. Viruses are parasites (use other
organisms to grow and reproduce)
1. Viruses are NOT alive
because they do not:
a) grow and develop
b) obtain and use energy
c) respond to the
environment
G. Vaccines
1. Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics.
2. Vaccines are the best way to protect against viruses
a) A vaccine is a dead or weakened version of a virus that is injected into a
person to stimulate the immune system.
b) Vaccines provide protection only if they are used before an infection
begins.