The American Revolution and
Georgia Statehood
Unit 4
Chapter 8
Mr. Lamm
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• Britain planned to pay off its debt from the
French and Indian War by passing new tax
laws.
• The Townshend Act placed taxes on such
items as glass, lead, paper, and paint that
came into the colonies.
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• The Stamp Act required all printed paper
used in the colonies to have a tax stamp.
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• Americans resented British efforts to
impose new laws and taxes on the colonies
because:
– Colonists were being taxed by Parliament not
by elected representatives
– Colonists’ rights as British citizens were
ignored
– Colonists could not elect representatives to
Parliament
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• The Boston Massacre takes place in 1770.
The Clash of Britain and American
Ideas
• The incident that led
to the Boston Tea
Party in 1773 was
when Parliament gave
one British company
exclusive rights
(monopoly) to sell tea
in America.
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• The British responded to the Boston Tea Party by
passing the “Intolerable Acts.”
• The “Intolerable Acts” closed the Boston port, did
not allow the people of Massachusetts to have
their own government, and required all colonist to
feed and house British soldiers.
• In reaction to colonial protests and violence,
Parliament passed more laws to punish the
colonists, Britain sent troops to enforce the laws,
and colonists had to feed and house British
soldiers.
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• Georgia was slow in joining the
revolutionary cause because:
– Georgia had grown and prospered under royal
governor Sir James Wright
– Many Georgians had become wealthy from
trade with Great Britain
– The Georgia colony did not have a long history
of self-government
The Clash of Britain and
American Ideas
• Nancy Hart was known for her loyalty to
the Whig cause.
• Whigs (patriots) did not support the king.
• Tories (loyalists) and citizens in England
did support the king.
The Independence Movement in
Georgia
• The war for American
Independence began at
Lexington and
Concord, in
Massachusetts.
The Independence Movement in
Georgia
• Georgia’s first legislature was called the
Provincial Congress.
• When the Whigs took over Georgia’s
Government, Governor Wright escaped.
• Georgia’s first constitution, a temporary
one, was called the Rules and Regulations.
The Independence Movement in
Georgia
• The signers of the Declaration of
Independence from Georgia were Button
Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton.
• The Declaration of Independence was
signed and adopted on July 4, 1776.
Lyman Hall
George Walton
The Independence Movement in
Georgia
• Georgia’s state constitution of 1777
provided for:
– Eight counties
– A governor with a one-year term of office
– Three branches of government
The Independence Movement in
Georgia
• John Adam Treutlen
was Georgia’s first
constitutional
governor.
War Comes to Georgia
• Austin Dabney was a slave who fought for
the patriots (Whigs.)
War Comes to Georgia
• Elijah Clarke was the
commander at Kettle
Creek.
• The Battle of Kettle
Creek was a moral
victory for Georgia
patriots.
War Comes to Georgia
• Count Casimir Pulaski
fought for the
Americans in the
Siege of Savannah.
Building a New Nation
• The Articles of Confederation (a formal
basis for the union) set up a unicameral
legislature, did not allow Congress to levy
(impose) taxes, and each state had an equal
vote in Congress.
Building a New Nation
Building a New Nation
• William Few and Abraham Baldwin were
the only delegates from Georgia who signed
the U. S. Constitution.
• Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the
constitution of the U. S.
Building a New Nation
• There are two concepts that are a part of the
Georgia and U. S. Constitution:
– Three branches of government
– Separation of powers
Checks and Balances are only a part of the U. S.
Constitution.
Building a New Nation
• The compromise that resulted in the U. S.
Congress consisting of two houses – the
House of Representatives and the Senate –
was called the Great Compromise which
was prompted by Abraham Baldwin’s vote
at the Constitutional Convention.
Growth and Prosperity
Chapter 9
Mr. Lamm
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• Alabama and Mississippi were carved out
of Georgia’s western territory.
Georgia’s Land Area
Expands
• The first U.S. census
was taken in 1790.
• A census is an official
count of the
population.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• Eli Whitney invented
the cotton gin.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• By 1773, the Creeks and Cherokees gave up
over 2 million acres of their land in order to
repay their debt to white traders.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• The first way the Georgia’s government
distributed land was by the headright
system.
• The headright system was one method used.
Under this system, the head of a family
received 200 acres of land plus 50 acres for
each of his family members.
• Plats were drawn to show maps of the land
lots.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• Georgia’s capital moved many times in
order to stay in the center of the state’s
population.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
State Capital Sequence
Savannah
Augusta
Louisville
Milledgeville
Atlanta
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• The first statechartered university in
the United States was
The University of
Georgia.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• The Yazoo Land Fraud occurred when land
speculators bribed members of the General
Assembly to sell public land to them for
low prices.
• Later the law authorizing the Yazoo Land
sale was repealed (abolished) and burned at
Georgia’s capital in Louisville.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• The final result of the Yazoo Land Fraud
was the national government took over the
Yazoo lands, paid $1,250,000 to Georgia,
and agreed to remove all Indians from
Georgia.
• After 1802, Georgia’s boundaries were
pretty much what they are today.
Georgia’s Land Area Expands
• Land lotteries are going to become the way that
government distributes land.
• The land lots issued under the headright system
were larger than those lots issued under the lottery
system.
• A lottery is a drawing for a prize.
• Not everyone who participated in the land lottery
received land.
• People who won land in the lottery were known as
fortunate drawers.
Government Encourages Economic
Growth
• 3 factors that encouraged economic growth
were the invention of the cotton gin, the
plantation system, and the building of
railroads.
• The river that linked the backcountry to the
ocean was the Savannah.
• There were 4 important trade centers built
along the Fall Line: Milledgeville, Augusta,
Macon, and Columbus.
Government Encourages Economic
Growth
• Steamboats were very important because they could
travel up and down rivers.
Government Encourages Economic
Growth
• Georgia needed railroads because:
– Better and cheaper transportation
– Goods could be received even in the west
– Inland cotton delivered to market at profit
• The state became involved in railroad
building because: 1. it was very expensive
2. money for construction was limited.
Government Encourages Economic
Growth
• The Georgia Railroad connected Augusta
and Atlanta.
Government Encourages Economic
Growth
•
•
•
•
Atlanta was not a planned city.
The first name of Atlanta was Terminus.
Terminus means end.
Atlanta was called the “Gate City” because
it was the main link between the Atlantic
coast and the Midwest.
Conflict Over Indian Lands
Chapter 10
Mr. Lamm
Conflicting Views
• European settlers who came to America
were looking for land.
• Indians believed land could be used but
never owned.
• Many Indian leaders had Indian mothers
and white fathers.
Conflicting Views
• Cherokees lived mostly in Georgia.
The Creeks
• The Creeks were
sometimes referred to
as Muscogees.
The Creeks
• A Creek chief was
known as the mico.
Alexander McGillivray was
a Creek chief who fought for
Creek land.
The Creeks
• Most of the lands Georgians got from the Creeks
were acquired through cessions.
• The Lower Creeks supported the United States
during the War of 1812.
• Even though the Lower Creeks helped during the
Creek War, Andrew Jackson forced them to give
up their land in south Georgia.
The Creeks
• After the Creek War, Creeks could only
stay in Georgia if they abolished their
government and nation.
• The whites wanted the Creeks removed for
their fertile land.
• Creek lands are ceded up to the Oconee
River and later are ceded up to the
Ocmulgee River.
The Creeks
• William McIntosh – the Creek chief who was
bribed to sign a treaty giving up all Creek lands.
He is later killed for this.
The Cherokees
• The Cherokees occupied more land in
Georgia than in any other state.
• The Cherokee capital was New Echota.
• The Indians that were most influenced by
the white man were the Cherokees.
The Cherokees
• Sequoyah (George
Guess) developed a
written form of the
Cherokee language
also known as a
syllabary.
• The Cherokees
became farmers,
teachers, and lawyers.
The Cherokees
• The U.S. government recognized the Cherokee nation.
• Georgia leaders based their decision of not recognizing
the Cherokee government on the fact that the U.S.
Constitution prohibited the creation of a nation within a
state.
• The Cherokee Constitution was similar to the U.S.
Constitution.
• The Cherokee newspaper was called the Cherokee
Phoenix.
• The Georgia General Assembly declared all Cherokee
laws null and void.
The Cherokees
• The U.S. Supreme Court decided in
Worcester v. Georgia that Georgia laws did
not apply in the Cherokee nation and the
missionaries should be freed.
The Cherokees
• Andrew Jackson was a
U.S. general and
president.
• He asked Congress to
pass an Indian removal
bill.
The Cherokees
• The first gold rush took place in Dahlonega,
Georgia in 1829.
• Georgia officials objected to U.S. troops
protecting Cherokee lands from gold miners
because the federal government was
interfering in state affairs.
• The finding of gold assured the removal of
the Cherokees.
The Cherokees
• John Marshall – the chief justice of the
Supreme Court during this time.
The Cherokees
• Major Ridge – the
Cherokee chief who
was in favor of Indian
removal signed the
Treaty of New Echota.
The Cherokees
• John Ross – the
Cherokee chief who
was not in favor of
Indian removal.
The Cherokees
• Most of the Creeks, who were removed
before the Cherokees, and Cherokees
moved to Oklahoma.
• The removal of the Cherokees was called
The Trail of Tears. This name came from
the suffering experienced by the Cherokees
in the removal.
Bibliography
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