KEY Bio 200 Review Sheet for Unit 1 Quiz #2 Feeding & Energy
1. Define & give examples of each:
a. carnivore: an organism that eats other animals (meat)
ex. lion, great white shark, snakes
b. decomposer: break down dead organic matter & organic waste (poop) back
into nutrients so that organisms can use them again.
ex. bacteria, fungi
c. herbivore: an organism that eats plants
ex. rabbit, cow, grasshopper
d. omnivore: an organism that eats both plants & animals (meat)
ex. humans, bears
2. Define & give examples of each:
a. autotroph (producer): organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis
(or chemosynthesis)
ex. tree, grass, seaweed
b. heterotroph (consumer): organism that cannot make its own food, so it has
to eat or absorb nutrients to get energy
ex. herbivores (rabbit, cow, grasshopper), carnivores (lion, great
white shark, snakes), omnivores (human, bear), and decomposers
(bacteria, fungi)
3. What is another name for trophic level?
eating level or feeding level
4. An organism that belongs to the 1st trophic level is also known as a
____autotroph_________ or ______producer_______________.
5. An organism that belongs to the 2nd trophic level is also known as a
___heterotroph____, ____primary (1st) consumer____ or
____herbivore_______.
6. An organism that belongs to the 3rd trophic level is also known as a
___heterotroph___, ____secondary (2nd) consumer_____ or
____carnivore_____. It may also be an omnivore which eats ______both plants
& animals__________.
7. What happens during photosynthesis?/What is the equation (in words)?
food (glucose/sugar) & oxygen are made from carbon dioxide & water
carbon dioxide + water → glucose (sugar) + oxygen
8. Which type of organisms make food using photosynthesis? Circle all that apply.
autotrophs
carnivores
herbivores heterotrophs
consumers decomposers
omnivores
producers
9. What happens during cellular respiration?/What is the equation (in words)?
with the help of oxygen, food (glucose/sugar) is broken down to release
energy... and carbon dioxide & water are released
glucose (sugar) + oxygen →carbon dioxide + water + (ATP) energy + heat
10.
Which type of organisms carry out cellular respiration? Circle all that apply.
autotrophs
carnivores
herbivores
heterotrophs
consumers decomposers
omnivores
producers
11. What is a food chain? What does it represent?
A series of organisms that eat or are eaten by each other. Food chains
represent the flow of energy (and transfer of nutrients) through that part
of the ecosystem.
12.
Draw an example of a food chain.
Grass  deer  wolf
13.
What is a food web? What does it represent?
A series of connected food chains showing many (all) of the different
possible food chains in an ecosystem. Food webs represent the flow of
energy (and transfer of nutrients) through the ENTIRE of the ecosystem.
14.
Draw an example of a food web.
flower
butterfly
frog
hawk
cricket
mouse
snake
15.
Which way do the arrows point in a food chain/web? Why?
The arrows point from what’s being eaten to what’s eating it… because it’s
showing the energy going into the organism (that is getting the energy
from the “food”).
16.
What happens when an organism is removed from a food chain/web?
If an organism is removed from a food chain all of the other organisms will
be affected, especially the ones that eat the “lost” organism b/c they won’t
have a food source. In a food web, the impact won’t be as severe b/c most
organisms have more than food source.
17.
Can energy be recycled? If so, how/by what? If not, what happens to it?
No, it can only be transferred and transformed (stored and released).
18.
Can nutrients be recycled? If so, how/by what? If not, what happens to it?
Yes, by decomposers (ex. bacteria & fungi) so nutrients can be put back
into the environment & used by other organisms.
19.
What is the 10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency?
10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency: ~10% energy is passed to next level in
a food chain/web & ~90% “lost” (either used by the previous organism or
lost as heat.) This occurs b/c energy is NOT recycled (only transferred
and transformed).
20.
What shape represents the 10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency? Why?
A pyramid to show the decreasing energy as you go up
21.
Given the following organisms: phytoplankton  shrimp  tuna  human
a. draw an energy pyramid & label each section with the correct organism
(phytoplankton  shrimp  tuna  human)
b. label each trophic level (1st trophic level, 2nd trophic level, 3rd trophic level,
4th trophic level)
c. label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer
d. label each level as autotroph or heterotroph
e. label the amount of energy at each level if the bottom level had 5000 J of
energy
human, 4th trophic level,
tertiary consumer
(carnivore/omnivore),
heterotroph, 5 J
tuna, 3rd trophic level, secondary
cosumer (carnivore/omnivore),
heterotroph, 50 J
shrimp, 2nd trophic level, primary consumer
(herbivores), heterotroph, 500 J
phytoplanton, 1st trophic level, producer, autotroph, 5000 J