AP Euro-Lively
Unit 10: Interwar Years and World War II
Chapters 28/29 (McKay) Study Guide
Directions: Part I of the study guide will not be assessed as part of the Study Guide grade; however, it
is a crucial component of the Course Notebook grade. You are required to provide a 2-3 sentence
identification of each term that appears below. This identification should include a basic definition of
the term (who, what, where, when) and also a statement of significance (So what?). After each unit,
you should print these terms and place them in your Course Notebook. At times, I will ask you to bring
these notebooks to class so that I can check your progress in this matter.
Part I
Identifying Key Terms
Notable People
Winston Churchill
Neville Chamberlain
Charles de Gaulle
Adolf Hitler
Joseph Goebbels
Benito Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Sigmund Freud
Albert Einstein
Friedrich Nietzsche
Francisco Franco
John Maynard Keynes
Harry S. Truman
Terms and Events
Allied Powers
Appeasement
Lebensraum
Axis Powers
Nazi Party
Blitzkrieg
New Economic Policy
USSR
Collectivization
Five-Year Plans
Kulaks
D-Day
Dawes Plan
Nuremberg laws
Fascism
Totalitarianism
Spanish Civil War
Part II
Great Depression
Popular Front
Holocaust
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Stalingrad
Logical Positivism
Bauhaus
Impressionism
Psychoanalysis
“New Physics”
Relativity theory
Expressionism
Cubism
Surrealism
Dadaism
Existentialism
Weimar Republic
Yalta Conference
Lateran Accords
Treaty of Locarno
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Munich Conference
Nazi-Soviet Pact
“Island hopping”
Mein Kampf
Great Purge
“Lost Generation”
Guernica
Kristallnacht
Nuremberg Trials
Vichy France
Atlantic Charter
Review Questions
Directions: Check your understanding of this chapter by answering the following questions in about
four-five well written and effective sentences each.
1. In what ways did new and sometimes radically experimental ideas in philosophy, religion,
physics, psychology, and literature reflect the general crisis in Western thought? Provide an
answer for each of the fields listed.
2. How did modernism revolutionize architecture, painting, and music?
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3. How did the emerging consumer society and mass culture of the interwar years change the
everyday lives of ordinary men and women?
4. How did the democratic leaders of the 1920s deal with the deep-seated instability and try to
establish real peace and prosperity? In your answer, speak to the differing attitudes toward
the Treaty of Versailles as well as the Ruhr Crisis of 1923.
5. Analyze the factors that contributed to the instability of the Weimar Republic in the period
1918–1933.
6. Discuss the origins, interests, and goals of the British Labor Party.
7. What caused the Great Depression in the USA? In Europe? And how did the Western
democracies respond to this challenge?
8. How did radical totalitarian dictatorship differ from conservative authoritarianism, and in
what ways were communism and fascism totalitarian systems?
9. How did Stalin and the Communist party build a modern totalitarian state in the Soviet
Union?
10. How successful was Stalin’s program of five-year plans for the industrialization of Soviet
Russia? What were its strengths and weaknesses?
11. Generally, did women gain or lose status and power in the new Stalinist Russian state?
Explain your answer.
12. How did Mussolini’s dictatorship come to power and govern in Italy?
13. Many German in the 1920s and 1930s viewed Hitler as a reformer. What were his ideas
about the problems (political, economic, and social) and the future of Germany?
14. How did Hitler gain power, and what policies did totalitarian Nazi Germany pursue?
15. In detail, describe how Axis Aggression and Allied Appeasement paved the road to World
War II.
16. How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact indirectly cause the outbreak of World War II? What did each
nation want from such a pact?
17. What was Hitler’s greatest mistake in his march toward world domination? Why did he
make this mistake?
18. Why were the Germans unsuccessful against the Soviets on the Eastern Front? What served
as the turning point on the Eastern Front?
19. What was the “Final Solution”? Why did Hitler feel it was necessary to implement the
“Final Solution”? How are the terms “Holocaust” and “Final Solution” related? (Hint: They
are not the same.)
20. What was the Allied military strategy to ultimately defeat Hitler? What did Stalin want
Churchill and FDR to do after US entrance into the war? Why didn’t Churchill and FDR
fulfill this request? What effect would this have after the war?
21. What was the US military strategy in the Pacific? Why was the conquest of Okinawa
significant to the US cause in the Pacific? For what reason(s) did President Truman drop the
bomb on Japan in August 1945?
22. Describe the political, economic, and social conditions in postwar Europe. Why were so
many people wandering Europe?
Part III Chronological Awareness
Directions: Place the following events in the correct chronological order. Provide the year of each
event. Since the events are given to you in a sequence that is out of chronological order, please
reorder the events correctly. In the event that one or more of the events listed below do not have a
single year in which it took place, provide the appropriate date ranges. Rewrite this list in the
correct chronological order, providing the year of the event, occurrence, or trend.
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1. Nazi invasion of Poland
2. Munich Conference
3. D-Day
4. German Reichstag burns
5. Mussolini’s March on Rome
6. Implementation of the Dawes Plan
7. Black Tuesday
8. Kellogg-Briand Pact
9. Rome-Berlin Axis
10. US drops the bomb on Hiroshima
Part IV Multiple Choice Practice
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested
answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case, and then write the letter and the
answer of your choice on your study guide.
1. The Lateran Accords of 1929 pertained to
a. German rearmament.
b. British naval superiority.
c. French political discord.
d. Spanish nationalism.
e. Italian fascism.
2. With the Treaty of Locarno,
a. Borders between France and Germany were agreed on, thus assuring future peace.
b. Reparations between Germany and France were set at a level that promoted German
economic stability.
c. Germany was allowed to re-arm at levels acceptable to League of Nations members.
d. It was agreed that diplomatic controversies would be resolved by the League of Nations.
e. Germany’s border with Poland was agreed on, thus preventing increased tensions with
the Soviet Union.
3. All of the following influenced the severity of the Great Depression EXCEPT
a. American investors withdrawing money from European banks.
b. Overproduction of agricultural goods.
c. Increasing factory production.
d. The raising of tariffs.
e. The lowering of wages.
4. Which of the following statements best describes the League of Nations?
a. It effectively used military force to keep European peace.
b. Its weakness forced France to form a strategic alliance with the Soviet Union.
c. Its success was caused by the eager involvement of the United States.
d. It was popular among the Nazi leadership.
e. Its sole weapon in halting aggression was economic sanctions.
5. The following are characteristics of the totalitarians states of the 1930s EXCEPT
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Rule by a single leader or party.
Promotion of individual freedoms.
Use of modern mass propaganda techniques.
A powerful central government.
Control of the intellectual and cultural life of the nation.
6. All of the following were reasons why the Nazi party was able to seize power in Germany
EXCEPT
a. Germany was experiencing serious economic problems during the period of the Weimar
Republic.
b. The Nazi party appealed to young Germans.
c. Hitler opted to allow Catholic and Protestant churches to remain free of Nazi influence.
d. Hitler was encouraged by leading German industrialists and landed aristocrats.
e. The effective use of propaganda created a strong image of a new Germany.
7. As a result of the Munich Conference,
a. Germany declared war on France.
b. The Soviet Union invaded Austria.
c. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
d. Germany took control of the Sudetenland.
e. Britain declared war on Germany.
8. Which of the following would be considered turning points in World War II?
a. Allied victories at Midway and Stalingrad.
b. Allied victories at London and North Africa.
c. German victories at Paris and Antwerp.
d. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and German victories in North Africa.
e. Allied victories at Leningrad and Iwo Jima.
9.
The German decision to invade the Soviet Union was based on all of the following EXCEPT
a. the German belief that if the Soviet Union was defeated, the British would surrender.
b. the German hope that a decisive victory over the Soviet Union would lead to France’s
surrender.
c. the German belief that the Soviet military leadership was weak and ineffective.
d. a German desire for resources located within the Soviet Union.
e. Hitler’s anti-Semitism and hatred of the Slavic people.
10. Friedrich Nietzsche believed that Western bourgeois society was incapable of cultural creativity
because
a. excessive emphasis was placed on the rational faculty at the expense of emotions.
b. middle-class Europeans lacked spirituality.
c. popular culture influenced a growing number of Europeans.
d. universities across Europe emphasized vocational education over the humanities.
e. revolutionary socialism failed to advance one’s emotional well-being.
Note: Incomplete study guides will receive a 10 point penalty. This will not be allowed to be made
up via redo. Organize your time and work on your study guide a little bit at a time. Substantially
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incomplete study guides will be graded, but considered late, and only allowed to be redone up to 25
points.
Study Guide Grading Rubric. 50 points.
Review Questions (20 points) - 4 questions will be selected at random from those above. Each will
be worth 5 points.
Multiple Choice (10 points) - This section is worth 10 points. 1 point will be deducted for each
incorrect response.
Chronology (10 points) - This section is worth 10 point. Points will be deducted for each incorrect
response.
Overall Completion (10 points) - 10 points will be awarded for completion of all questions and
parts.
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