Unit 2
Chapters 6-8
Experiments in Republicanism
Chapter 6
Republican principles
1780s-many Americans feared
their Revolution could still fail if
not grounded in a virtuous
government steeped in
republicanism
Revolution
caused
Americans to
consider the
role of
equality
Republican insisted
on the appearance of
equality
Contradictions were
noted by some
republicans on the evil
of slavery
Women began to
demand more of
their husbands
Republicans made few
concrete achievements of
equality but established ideals
and assumptions that would
later influence
Lowered
property
requirements
and moved
towards sep
of church
and state
Northerners
abolished the
institution
but didn’t
treat AA as
equals
The States: Experiments in
Republicanism
• New State Constitutions resulted from political change
that reflected the American distrust of power that
followed the revolution against the British
• Natural Rights emphasized fundamental freedoms,
especially those of religion, speech, and press, and to
grant great political power to legislatures...little to
governors
• Massachusetts set a precedent by drafting a
Constitution in a special convention called for that
purpose.
Weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation (1781)
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Positives of the government under the
Articles of Confederation
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Provided for the orderly survey, sale, and governance of lands
acquired in the west. This prevented the chaotic conditions of
earlier settlement.
Shay’s
Rebellion
Multiple Choice #1
• 1. The ________ proposed a new form for
government that was acceptable to the smaller
states
–
–
–
–
–
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Virginia Plan
“three-fifths rule”
Connecticut Plan
Franklin Compromise
New Jersey Plan
– Answer: E
Multiple Choice #2
• 2. Most new state constitutions after the
American Revolution
–
–
–
–
–
A.
strengthened the power of the governors
B.
weakened the power of the legislature
C.
avoided the creation of a written constitution
D.
included Declarations of Rights
E.
affirmed the freedom of speech and press but
not of religion
– Answer: D
Multiple Choice #3
• 3. The most obvious contradiction to the principles
expressed in the founding of the American republic
was
– A.
the way women were treated
– B.
the failure to allow businessmen a say in the
planning of the nation’s future
– C.
the continued existence of slavery in much of the
nation
– D.
the fact that some states continued to require
property as a prerequisite for voting
– E.
the failure to address matters of religion
– Answer: C
Multiple Choice #4
• 4. A major fear of the Anti federalists was that
– A.
voters would be too distanced form their
representatives
– B.
voters would have too much direct contact and
thus influence on their representatives
– C.
voters would corrupt their national
representatives
– D.
national representatives would rely too
consistently on local voters for their ideas and decisions
– E.
the average voter was not educated enough to
make good decisions
– Answer: E
Multiple Choice #5
FRQ
• Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the
Confederation and Constitutional
Governments
Democracy in Distress
The Violence of Party Politics
1788-1800
Chapter 7
Washington as President
George Washington-1789
Executive
departments
Federal Court System
Provided revenue
with the tariff act
Jefferson v. Hamilton
Jefferson
• Republicans
• Feared a large government
• Hoped the nation would
remain one of small,
independent farmers
• Jefferson admired the
French
• **Called Jay’s Treaty a
sellout
Hamilton
• Federalists
• Strong national government
• Urged the creation of the
Bank of the United States,
owned by private
stockholders
• Constitution should be
loosely interpreted
• Favored tied to Britain
• *Proclamation of Neutrality
Popular Political culture
FACTIONS
Newspapers and
political clubs
Whiskey Rebellion
Washington’s Farewell
Address (1796)
Played both sides of
the fence
Branded as civil unrest
Warned Americans of
political factions
Republicans said it
was caused by
Federalist agitation
Warned Americans of
entangling foreign
alliances
Federalists claimed
Republicans used the
episode to create an
army
Written largely by
Hamilton
The Adams Presidency
Relationship between the
US and France-slowly
deteriorated
Known as the Quasi-War
Federalists-increased the
military defenses to thwart
French aggression
An American commission
was sent to France to
pursue a settlement
The Alien and Sedition
Acts disallowed criticism of
the government
Adams pursued peaceful
negotiations with France. The
Treaty of Mortefontaine ended
the Quasi-War and restored good
relations between US and France
French officials demanded
a bribe (XYZ Affair) (1798)
humiliated and infuriated
Americans
Response: RepublicansVirginia and Kentucky
Resolutions saying the A &
S Acts were
unconstitutional
Multiple Choice #1
• 1. Which of the following did Hamilton and Jefferson
have in common?
– A.
faith in a republican society
– B.
belief that the national government should be
strong
– C.
faith in the common man
– D.
fears of the effect of the French Revolution on
American society
– E.
great respect for the purity of the British
Constitution
– Answer: A
Multiple Choice #2
• 2. Which of the following would James Madison
have proposed?
–
–
–
–
A.
strong diplomatic ties with France
B.
the purchase of western lands
C.
giving the common man the right to vote
D.
providing government subsidies to
manufacturers
– E.
establish the banking system on the German
model
– Answer: D
Multiple Choice #3
• 3. During Washington’s second term in office,
– A.
the European war unified American officials in
support of France
– B.
relations with Great Britain and France improved
dramatically
– C.
Hamilton and Jefferson resolved their differences
over domestic policy
– D.
Hamilton ceased to be a force in American politics
– E.
foreign affairs became a much more important
focus
– Answer: E
Multiple Choice #4
• 4. Washington’s Farewell Address
– A.
warned against creating a strong military
– B.
attempted to bring harmony to the political
system
– C.
supported the political ideology of Jefferson and
Madison
– D.
wholeheartedly endorsed the two-party system
– E.
advised against permanent alliances with nations
that were not interested in promoting American security
– Answer: E
Multiple Choice #5
• 5. As a result of the actions taken by John
Adams while president
–
–
–
–
A.
he was overwhelmingly reelected in 1800
B.
the United States had harmony with France
C.
the Federalist Party remained the major party
D.
France compensated the United States for
ships taken
– E.
the French added even more restrictions on
US commerce
– Answer: B
FRQ
• Compare the foreign policies of Washington and Adams
• Washington had to deal with Great Britain and the fact that
Britain treated the United States with arrogance.
Washington also had to blaze the trail by establishing the
first US foreign policy. During Washington’s administration,
there were threats from Britain, Spain and France.
• Adams had to deal with France as its threat. Additionally,
Adams had to deal with warring factions within his own
party that wanted war. Adams had the XYZ Affair that
almost railroaded US foreign policy.
Republican Ascendancy: The
Jeffersonian Vision
Chapter 8
Jeffersonianism
In theory
• Passion for liberty and
equality
• Strict interpretation of the
Constitution
• Peaceful foreign relations
• Reduction in the size and
power of the federal
government
In practice
• Lived in society whose
members accepted slavery
• Sought to remove Native
Americans from the path of
white mans progress
• Interpreted the Constitution
broadly
• Accommodated the Louisiana
Purchase
• Enforced the Embargo of 1807
• Led the country to the brink of
war
Regional Identities in a New Republic
Contributions to
Regionalism
Substantial
population
growth
The Trans-Appalachian West experienced
growth after 1790. New settlers often
traveled in family units. Regardless to
resistance of Native Americans.
Improved
transportation &
technology
American cities were still small,
encompassing approx 7% of the
population
Attacks on the
institution of
slavery
Before 1820, economy mainly agricultural.
Post 1820 risky manufacturing ventures
began to appear; most notably the textile
industry.
Jefferson as President
Louisiana
Purchase
Lewis &
Clark
Barbary
Pirates
Jefferson’s Critics
• Angered by the Judiciary Act of 1801, the Republicans
repealed the law and began using their own attempts to
remove unwanted jurists and judges
– While proclaiming victory in Marbury v. Madison (1803) they
neglected to realize that this also established judicial review
• VP Aaron Burr-what a disappointment
– Quarreled with and shot Alexander Hamilton in a duel
– Then tried to raise a militia to overthrow Jefferson and start his
own government in the new western territories
– Justice John Marshall saved Burr’s hide and wouldn’t convict
him on circumstantial evidence
• Prohibition of imported slaves beginning in 1808
– Pretty lax in the enforcement so this continued to be a problem
Embarrassment overseas
Chesapeake
Affair
Embargo Act 1807-only
made it worse for
American manufacturers
Act was repealed in 1809
Madison-newly elected
president-1808-totally
ineffective-poorly designed
republican policies failed to
keep US out of war
Aggressive War Hawks in
the US were convinced that
war would restore US
honor, remove the Brits for
good, and open Canada to
American expansion
The Strange War of 1812
War Hawks urge Madison to
declare war 1812
Early optimism soon faded
by poor preparation
The sacking and burning of
the white house-1814
Sept 1814-decisive Ft.
McHenry battle-Brits lose
Treaty of Ghent-1814-ended
the deadlock with no major
concessions granted to
either side
Battle of New Orleans-1814final battle of the war
Multiple Choice #1
• 1. Jefferson’s foreign policy
– A.
allowed Madison to return to domestic
concerns
– B.
had seriously damaged the British economy
– C.
brought an alliance with France
– D.
created more harm than good for the United
States
– E.
strengthened relations with Europe, despite
the war
– Answer: D
Multiple Choice #2
• 2. Under Jeffersonian Republicanism
– A.
Americans believed opportunities were
available to them
– B.
few Americans were able to advance in
society
– C.
the social structure of society was well
defined
– D.
blacks were provided opportunities in society
– E.
servants “knew their place”
– Answer: A
Multiple choice #3
• 3. What difficulty did Jefferson face in
purchasing the Louisiana Territory?
–
–
–
–
–
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
possible confrontation with Britain
lack of support from the American people
the constitutionality of his actions
whether to accept foreign citizens on the land
finding $15 million in the federal budget
– Answer: C
Multiple Choice #4
• 4. After 1800, Federalists retained control of
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
– E.
the presidency
the judiciary
Congress
the military
the Supreme Court
– Answer: B
Multiple Choice #5
• 5. The decision in Marbury v. Madison was the
first time the Supreme Court
–
–
–
–
–
A.
ruled on the constitutionality of federal laws
B.
compelled federal officials
C.
discussed the powers of the judiciary
D.
had a unanimous ruling
E.
asserted its right to judge the constitutionality
of congressional acts
– Answer: E
FRQ
• Compare and contrast the differences in
American society of 1776 and 1812.