Sculpture
• http://www.slideshare.net/kccartprofessor/
kcc-art-211-ch-11-sculpture-presentation
Ceramics
• One of the largest groups of
materials with the properties of
nonmetals and all are made by
firing or burning, often including
silicates and metal oxides.
• Greek term Keramos, meaning "a
potter" or "pottery”.
Ceramic materials are attractive
for several reasons :
Cheap in terms of its starting materials.
Compared to metals, lightweight and
retain their strength up to 1000˚C where
metals tends to fail.
They have electrical, optical, and magnetic
properties of value in the computer and
electronic industries.
History
The art of making pottery by forming and
burning clay has been practiced from the
earliest civilizations.
Burnt clayware has been found dating
from about 15,000 B.C. and as well
developed as an industrial product in
Egypt by about 5000 B.C.
Formed glass dates from the period 70005000 B.C. and was a stable industry in
Egypt by about 1500 B.C.
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Clay is one of the three main kinds of soil, the other two being sand and loam.
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http://www.florence.ars.usda.gov/kidsonly/element/ka2.htm
Most soils of agricultural importance are some type of loam.
A certain amount of clay is good because it helps hold particles together and helps hold
water.
If soil has a lot of clay it is difficult to cultivate. The stiffness resists agricultural tools,
interferes with the growth of the plants, and prevents free circulation of air around the
roots. Clay soils are cold and sticky in wet weather, while in dry weather they bake hard
and crack.
Clays can be improved by the addition of lime, chalk, or organic matter.
In spite of their disadvantages, the richness of clay soils makes them favorable to the
growth of crops that have been started in other soil.
•Ancient man discovered that clay could be shaped and modeled into forms both
decorative and functional.
•Some of the earliest pottery has been found in the Middle East and dates to
between 8,000-7,000 BCE.
•Japanese ceramics have flourished since over 4,000 years ago
•Native American pottery shards have been found dating back over 3,000 years.
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qkg16A9SlA
Protogeometric
Belly-handled
Amphora
Athens 900 BCE
Geometric
Dipylon Krater
Athens 750 BCE
Greek Pottery
ProtoCorinthian
Macmillan
Aryballos
650 BCE
Protoattic
Polyphemus
Painter
650 BCE
Black Figure
Exekias
Suicide of Ajax
530 BCE
Zhou Dynasty
1000 BCE
Qin Dynasty
210 BCE
Song Dynasty
1200
Ming Dynasty
1450-1650
http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/ceramics/
http://www.chinavista.com/experience/ceramics/ceramics.html
http://netra.glendale.cc.ca.us/ceramics/198imagegallery2.html
900-1400
Arizona & New Mexico
Discuss commercially made ceramics in everyday life
http://www.kyocera.co.jp/frame/product/ceramics/fc/index-e.html
View some contemporary ceramic sites
http://www.claywork.com/
Omyacolor Plastiroc Air Dry Clay
Equipment needed:
Enough clay for each student to create at least one small project.
If you absolutely have no money, use a homemade Salt/Flour/Water dough.
Clay tools for blending, assorted forks, knives, pointed sticks or pin tools
to manipulate and trim clay
Plastic bags with ties for storing pieces until they are ready to dry
Plastic sheeting to protect table tops
Covered air-tight containers for clay storage
How to wedge the clay using the “ram’s head” technique:
http://youtu.be/yUlWD3R3eE4
It’s not like kneading bread dough which puts air into
the dough.
Leather-hard
The condition of a clay
body when much of the
moisture has evaporated
and shrinkage has just
ended, but the clay is not
totally dry. Carving,
burnishing, or joining slabs
are often done at this
stage.
Bone Dry
Clay that has the moisture
completely evaporated. It
can no longer be scored
and slipped without
compromising the strength
of the piece.
Various States of Clay
Greenware
Unfired pottery or
sculpture.
Bisque
Clay that has been fired to
a state hard enough for
glazing
Slip
Clay suspended in water.
When it is a yogurt
consistency it can be used
to join pieces with scoring.
When a cream
consistency with a
coloring agent added it
can be painted on leatherhard pieces and
burnished.
Students will squeeze or roll the clay between your hands into coils about ½
inch in diameter (a little thicker than a pencil).
Some techniques:
• Pinching:
– http://youtu.be/MlSeEBGHCFY
– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/pinch.htm
• Coiling
– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/coil.htm
– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/scoil.htm
• Slabwork
– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/slab.html